i) Adjusted Cash Book for the Month of March 2020
Cash Book 1,660,000Balance b/f 450,000Payments: Sales 4,275,000 Cheque 220,000Bank interest 32,000 Bank charges 184,000Other receipts 169,000 Standing order 386,0001,931,000 790,000 Balance c/d 1,460,0002,391,000 2,240,000ii) Reconciliation Statement for Kofi Mensah on 31 March 2020 Balance as per bank statement GH¢ 450,000
Add: Represented cheques GH¢ 520,000
Less: Uncleared lodgements GH¢ 626,000
Adjusted balance as per bank statement GH¢ 344,000
Balance as per Cash Book GH¢ 1,460,000
Less: Bank charges not yet entered GH¢ 184,000
Cheque returned by bank GH¢ 220,000
Corrected balance on cash book GH¢ 1,056,000 Difference (overdraft) GH¢ 712,000
Reasons for preparing bank reconciliation on a regular basis are:
To verify whether all transactions relating to the cash account have been recorded in the bank statement.
To confirm whether all transactions relating to the bank account have been recorded in the cash account.
To know the actual balance in the bank account.
To detect and rectify errors or omissions in the cash book.
To reconcile the differences that exist between the cash book and the bank statement.To check and confirm that cheques issued but not presented have been recorded.
To ascertain the causes of unprecedented cheques and uncleared lodgements so that appropriate action may be taken.
To detect fraud or forgery by a third party. To ensure that there is no misappropriation of funds.
b) Petty Cash Book: The petty cash book is used to make payments for small and frequent expenses such as carriage, postage, stationery, minor repairs, etc. The following points are important to note about the petty cash book:
It is maintained by the petty cashier of the company.
It is kept in an imprest system meaning it is a fixed amount for a particular period of time.
It is generally a small notebook with columns such as date, details of payment, voucher number, amount, and the running balance.
The cashier is responsible for keeping a record of the transactions of petty cash expenditures made during the period and at the end of the period, the balance in the book is counted and compared with the amount of cash in hand.
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What are the two types of conflict? Explain the difference between constructive conflict and destructive conflict. List and describe the steps in the decision-making process. Which one do people tend to skip or not spend enough time on? Explain how individuals may improve the quality of their decision-making. What can groups or group leaders do to improve the quality of group decision making?
There are two types of conflict: constructive and destructive conflicts. Constructive conflict is where two or more people have different ideas and work to come up with a resolution that satisfies everyone. It is a disagreement between people that can help a group develop better problem-solving skills, build relationships, and improve communication.
Destructive conflict is when two or more people fail to find a solution and the issue continues to escalate. This type of conflict can lead to a breakdown in relationships, reduce productivity, create stress, and can lead to poor decision-making. The primary difference between the two types of conflicts is the outcome. Constructive conflicts lead to a positive outcome while destructive conflict leads to a negative result.
Steps in the decision-making process:
Identify the problem or opportunity Gather information and data Develop criteria for the decision Brainstorm alternatives Evaluate alternatives Choose the best alternative Implement the decision Evaluate the decision
The step that people tend to skip or not spend enough time on is the development of criteria for decision-making. People often have trouble in this step because they don't know how to determine what criteria to use to evaluate their options.
Individuals can improve the quality of their decision-making by considering the following tips:
Think about the consequences of your decision
Think of different alternatives before deciding
Be willing to change your decision if new information arises
Make decisions based on facts, not emotions
Assign roles within the group to keep everyone organized.
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The goal of queuing analysis is to minimize the total cost by establishing a capacity level that balances which two costs? Multiple Cholce Cost of service capacity and the cost of providing a comfortable waiting spoce for customers Cost of service capocity and the cost of customers waiting Cost of hiring service staff and the holding costs associated with customers waiting Cost of service capocity and the revenue generated from the service
Queuing analysis is a technique used to minimize the total cost of service in a system by balancing the cost of service capacity and the cost of customer waiting.
The goal of queuing analysis is to find the optimal level of capacity that ensures that the cost of waiting is minimized while keeping the cost of providing service at a minimum.Queuing analysis is essential for any business that deals with customers. The cost of providing service to customers can be broken down into two components: the cost of service capacity and the cost of customers waiting.
The cost of service capacity is the cost of hiring service staff and the cost of maintaining service equipment. The cost of customers waiting is the cost of holding customers in a waiting space, and the loss of revenue due to customers leaving without being served.The goal of queuing analysis is to find the optimal level of capacity that balances the cost of service capacity and the cost of customers waiting. By finding the optimal level of capacity, businesses can minimize the total cost of service while maximizing customer satisfaction.
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Four years ago, James, Inc issued a bond with a par value = $1,000, Coupon rate = 5.0% annum, payable every 6-months, and a maturity of 20-years. The YTM of similar bonds today is 9.0%. Johnny bought James Bond at $950 when it was originally issued (20-years ago). If he holds on to James bond until it matures, what rate of return will he earn?
To calculate the rate of return that Johnny will earn by holding on to James' bond until it matures, we need to use the formula for yield to maturity (YTM).
YTM is the annualized return earned on a bond if it is held until maturity, taking into account the bond's current market price, coupon payments, and the time remaining until maturity. Given the following information: - Par value (face value) of the bond = $1,000 - Coupon rate = 5.0% per annum, payable semi-annually - Maturity of the bond = 20 years - YTM of similar bonds today = 9.0% - Johnny bought the bond at $950 when it was originally issued To calculate the rate of return, we will use the YTM formula: Rate of Return = [(Future Value + Coupon Payments - Purchase Price) / Purchase Price] ^ (1 / Years) - 1 Let's calculate the future value and coupon payments first: Future Value = Par Value = $1,000 Coupon Payments = (Coupon Rate * Par Value) * (Years / 2) = (0.05 * $1,000) * (20 / 2) = $500 * 10 = $5,000 Now, let's calculate the rate of return: Rate of Return = [($1,000 + $5,000 - $950) / $950] ^ (1 / 20) - 1 Rate of Return = ($6,050 / $950) ^ 0.05 - 1 Rate of Return = 6.37 - 1 Rate of Return = 5.37 Therefore, Johnny will earn a rate of return of 5.37% if he holds on to James bond until it matures.
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Along a supply chain, which of the following would be considered a THIRD PARTY service provider? A raw materials supplier A customer A firm that povides transportation services. A distributor or retail partner.
Third-party service providers are companies that provide outsourced services to businesses and other organizations. A third-party service provider is a business that provides services to a company but is not part of that company.
In the supply chain, a third-party service provider is a company that provides transportation, storage, or other services to businesses that produce or sell goods. The third-party service provider can be a raw materials supplier, a customer, a distributor, or a retail partner.A raw materials supplier is a first-party provider of goods. A customer is a second-party provider of goods.
Along a supply chain, a firm that provides transportation services would be considered a third-party service provider. They provide transportation services to businesses that produce or sell goods. They are not part of that company, but they are a service provider that is essential to the company's operation. Therefore, a third-party service provider is a company that provides transportation, storage, or other services to businesses that produce or sell goods.
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Technological knowhow is a typical entry barrier in industries:
Question 28 options: that are embryonic.
that are mature.
without absolute cost advantages.
where economies of scale exist.
Technological know-how is a typical entry barrier in industries that are embryonic, where economies of scale exist. The entry barriers are obstacles that make it difficult or costly for new companies to establish themselves in the market.
These barriers limit the number of competitors that can compete in a given industry, resulting in higher prices and profits for existing businesses. It also influences market concentration, which is the number of sellers in the market.
Technological know-how is one of the most common barriers to entry. Industries in their embryonic stage are the ones where technological knowledge is crucial. Entrepreneurs who want to enter these industries will find it difficult to obtain the knowledge they need to be successful.
As a result, they might be unable to begin a company in that industry because of their inability to obtain the necessary knowledge. Therefore, technological know-how is a typical entry barrier in industries that are embryonic and where economies of scale exist.
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An investment firm offers three types of investments to its clients. To help a client make a better-informed decision, each investment is assigned a risk factor. The risk factor and expected return of each investment are the following:
Investment A: 12% return per year, risk factor=0.50 Investment
B: 15% return per year, risk factor=0.75 Investment
C: 9% return per year, risk factor=0.40 A client wishes to invest up to $50,000.
He wants an annual return of at least $6300 and at least $10,000 invested in type C investments. How much should be invested in each type to minimize his total risk? (Note: If $20,000 is invested in A, that risk totals 0.50×20000=10000.)
Answer:
Explanation:
We can put up a linear programming problem to reduce overall risk while fulfilling the client's objectives. The decision variables should be defined as follows:
Let x = amount invested in Investment A
Let y = amount invested in Investment B
Let z = amount invested in Investment C
ATQ,
Minimize: 0.50x + 0.75y + 0.40z
Subject to the following constraints,
Total investment should not exceed $50,000: x + y + z ≤ 50,000The annual return should be at least $6,300: 0.12x + 0.15y + 0.09z ≥ 6,300At least $10,000 should be invested in type C investments: z ≥ 10,000We also need to consider non-negativity constraints:
x ≥ 0, y ≥ 0, z ≥ 0
Optimal solution:
x = 20,000
y = 20,000
z = 10,000
Therefore, to minimize the total risk while meeting the client's requirements, the client should invest $20,000 in Investment A, $20,000 in Investment B, and $10,000 in Investment C.
What are the Different Kinds of Foreign Investment? F_{1}
Foreign investment can be categorized into different types based on the purpose and nature of the investment. Some common kinds of foreign investment include:
1. Foreign direct investment (FDI): This refers to investments made by a company or individual from one country into another country to establish or acquire a business interest. FDI involves a long-term commitment and control over the foreign business entity.
2. Portfolio investment: This involves the purchase of financial assets, such as stocks, bonds, or mutual funds, in a foreign country. Unlike FDI, portfolio investment does not involve the direct control or management of the foreign business.
3. Foreign institutional investment (FII): FIIs are organizations, such as pension funds, hedge funds, or mutual funds, that invest in securities of foreign companies. These investments are typically made with the intention of earning short-term returns rather than acquiring control over the foreign business.
4. Foreign aid: This refers to financial assistance provided by one country to another country for various purposes, such as development projects, humanitarian relief, or economic support. Foreign aid can be in the form of grants, loans, or technical assistance.
5. International trade: Although not typically considered as foreign investment, international trade involves the exchange of goods and services between countries. It can also be seen as a form of investment since it involves the transfer of resources from one country to another.
It is important to note that these categories are not mutually exclusive, and many investments can fall into multiple categories. Additionally, the specific regulations and incentives for foreign investment vary from country to country.
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Huckleberry issues $1,700,000 of 6%, 20-year bonds dated January 1, 2020, that pay interest semiannually on June 30 and December 31. The bonds are issued at a price of $2,100,000.
A Prepare the January 1 journal entry to record the bonds issuance
B Complete the first two years of a straight-line amortization table. Semiannual PeriodEnd Unamortized Premium Carrying Value 01/01/2020 06/30/2020 12/31/2020 06.30/2021 12/31/2021
C Prepare the journal entry to record the first interim interest payment on June 30
D Write the journal entry for the maturity of the bonds on December 31, 2040 (assume semiannual interest is already recorded).
A. Journal Entry to record the bond issuance: [Debit] Cash $2,100,000[Credit] Premium on Bonds Payable $400,000 [Credit] Bonds Payable $1,700,000.
B. Calculation for the amortization of the bond premium:[Debit] Interest Expense [Credit] Cash Unamortized Premium = $[tex]400,000 / 40[/tex] periods = $[tex]10,000[/tex] per periodEnd Semiannual Period Unamortized Premium Carrying Value [tex]400,000 - $10,000 = $390,000 $2,100,000 - $10,000 = $2,090,0000[/tex]6/30/2020 $390,000 $2,090,00012/31/2020 $380,000 $2,080,00006/30/2021 $370,000 $2,070,00012/31/2021 $360,000 $2,060,000C. The journal entry to record the first interim interest payment on June 30:[Debit ] Interest Expense $51,000 [Credit] Cash $51,000 ($1,700,000 bonds × 6% coupon rate [tex]* 6/12[/tex] year)D.Journal entry for the maturity of the bonds on December 31, 2040:Debit Bonds Payable $1,700,000; Debit Premium on Bonds Payable $400,000; Credit Cash $2,100,000
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inventory of $45,500. The partners agree that the merchandise inventory is to be valued at $49,000. a.
The value of the inventory increases by $3,500,
Given that the inventory is $45,500. The partners agree that the merchandise inventory is to be valued at $49,000.
The difference between the value of inventory and the agreed inventory value = $49,000 - $45,500 = $3,500
Inventory refers to all the items, goods, , and materials held by a business for selling in the market to earn a profit. Example: If a newspaper vendor uses a vehicle to deliver newspapers to the customers, only the newspaper will be considered inventory. The vehicle will be treated as an asset.
Therefore, the value of the inventory increases by $3,500.
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13. Lina's Gourmet makes cakes for distribution to upscale restaurants. The company is currently considering making pastries as well. Which one of the following is the best example of an incremental cash flow related to the pastries project? A. storing supplies in the same space currently used for materials storage for cakes B. utilizing the current cakes manager to oversee pastries production C. buying raw materials for inventory related to pastries production D. borrowing money from a bank to fund the purchase of pastries appliances
The best example of an incremental cash flow related to the pastries project would be option C: buying raw materials for inventory related to pastries production. This option involves purchasing additional raw materials specifically for the production of pastries, which is directly related to the new project.
Option A, storing supplies in the same space currently used for materials storage for cakes, does not involve any additional cash flow as it utilizes existing resources. Option B, utilizing the current cakes manager to oversee pastries production, may involve a shift in responsibilities but does not directly affect the cash flow.
Option D, borrowing money from a bank to fund the purchase of pastries appliances, would involve an inflow of cash from the bank, but it is not considered an incremental cash flow as it involves external financing.
Therefore, option C is the best example of an incremental cash flow as it involves the direct purchase of raw materials specifically for the pastries project.
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CHABROS INIERNATIONAL GROUP: A WORLD OF WOOD 1. INTRODUCTION CHABROS INTERNATIONAL GROUP is a Lebanese Group with a business model whose core focus is on veneers as its best selling premium products, but with expanding opportunities in the lumber market, the company has also succeeded in establishing a firm footing in this market. With declining sales in its first established subsidiary, the company is affected by financial crises in 2009 , December. The company's first acquisition of Serbian sawmill whose production in all was bought by MENA subsidiaries came into the crises impact too as it was generating a fewer sales as much as 50% of the total sales to the MENA subsidiaries. The problems and strategic issue faced by the organization is that its profits were dependant on external factors (currency pegging) due to its dual nature business model, which was vencer and lumber manufacturer along with veneer and lumber wholesaler. The lumber market is expanding at fast pace which in itself present an opportunity for the CHABROS International. Moreover, CHABROS International doesn't have well-known brand recognition in the region where they serve, which can be a threat to its existence. All of this needs to be dealt quickly given two major alternative suggestions that include: closing parts of the Serbian Saw mills or to re-boost CHABROS International "s sales by expanding in markets they already operate in, considering Morocco as a best fit to their expansion strategy. The analysis revolves around the external and internal environment factors, and drags a suitable alternative for the CHABROS International to deal with the prevailing financial crises. In addition to this, evaluation of the current marketing mix will be done to better picture the future for CHABROS International. 2. ANALYSIS - Discuss two major issues and management problems challenging CHABROS International Group? - What motivated CHAMI to expand CHABROS' operations internationally? - What strategy did he follow: International, multinational, global or transnational? 1. What was Chami's Motivation: 2. What was Chami's Earlier Strategy: 3. What was Chami's Later Strategy: - What strategies/options were available to CHABROS to overcome the financial; crisis?
2 major issues and management problems challenging CHABROS International Group are:
1. CHABROS International Group faced many issues and management problems such as declining sales in its first established subsidiary and financial crises in December 2009, affecting the Serbian sawmill whose production in all was bought by MENA subsidiaries.
2. The profits of CHABROS were dependent on external factors (currency pegging) due to its dual nature business model, which was veneer and lumber manufacturer along with veneer and lumber wholesaler. What motivated Chami to expand CHABROS' operations internationally? The motivation of Chami to expand CHABROS' operations internationally is to establish a firm footing in the lumber market.
With the expanding opportunities in the lumber market, the company has also succeeded in establishing its firm footing in this market. What strategy did Chami follow: International, multinational, global, or transnational? Chami followed a global strategy. What was Chami's motivation Chami's motivation was to establish a firm footing in the lumber market. What was Chami's earlier strategy? Chami's earlier strategy was to focus on veneers as its best selling premium products.
What was Chami's later strategy? Chami's later strategy was to expand in markets they already operate in, considering Morocco as the best fit to their expansion strategy. What strategies/options were available to CHABROS to overcome the financial crisis? Two major strategies/options available to CHABROS to overcome the financial crisis are closing parts of the Serbian sawmills or re-boosting CHABROS International's sales by expanding in markets they already operate in, considering Morocco.
As the best fit to their expansion strategy. The analysis revolves around the external and internal environment factors, and drags a suitable alternative for the CHABROS International to deal with the prevailing financial crises.
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What is Principle of Dominance in Game Theory? Reduce the following game by dominance property and solve it:
Principle of Dominance in Game Theory:
The principle of dominance in game theory is a strategy that involves a decision-maker focusing on the most critical and influential choice in a decision matrix. It is the point at which a person or organization has the most substantial impact on the final outcome of their decision.
Game theory's principle of dominance states that if one of the two competing strategies is strictly superior to the other in all cases, the inferior strategy may be removed from consideration. This approach reduces the complexity of a game and makes it easier to analyze. The strategy that is removed from the game is said to be dominated by the other strategy.Now, let's solve this problem using the dominance property.A B C
D
E F
G H
I J
In this game, A is the strictly superior strategy since it is the highest value in its column. Therefore, we can remove the inferior strategy C and make a new game table:A B
D
E F
G H
I J
In the second row, G is the strictly superior strategy, which allows us to remove H, resulting in the following game table:A B
D
E F
G
I J
In the fifth column, J is the strictly superior strategy, allowing us to remove I from the game table, resulting in:A B
D
E F
G
JThe solution to the game is J since it is the highest value. Therefore, the dominant strategy is J.
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PV=iC(1−(1+i)101)(1+i)
You are given the equation below.
Which of the following statements is FALSE?
Select one: A. The equation will indicate the present value of an annuity of 10 payments, where the first payment is made at the beginning of the first period.
B. The equation will indicate the present value of an annuity of 10 payments, where the first payment is made at the end of the first period.
C. The equation will indicate the present value of an annuity of 10 payments, where the first payment is made now.
D. The equation is suitable to calculate the present value of an annuity due.
An annuity is a sequence of periodic payments made over a specified period of time. It can be income classified into two categories: ordinary annuity and annuity due.
An ordinary annuity is a series of payments made at the end of each payment period, whereas an annuity due is a series of payments made at the start of each payment period.Given the equation PV = iC (1 - (1 + i)-101)/ (1 + i), the following statements are true:The equation indicates the present value of an annuity of 10 payments.
Where the first payment is made at the end of the first period. This is because the equation is derived from the formula for an ordinary annuity, where the first payment is made at the end of the first period.The equation is suitable to calculate the present value of an ordinary annuity only. It is not suitable to calculate the present value of an annuity due, where the first payment is made at the beginning of the first period.Hence, the statement that is FALSE is option D. The equation is not suitable to calculate the present value of an annuity due.
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A mining company, with a stable growth of 1%, has net income of $50 million and the market value of its equity is $250 million. The company decides to increase its dividend payout ratio by 2%. What will most likely happen to the company's price-to-earnings (P/E) ratio?
The price-to-earnings (P/E) ratio is most likely to decrease.The price-to-earnings (P/E) ratio is a financial metric that measures a company's current stock price relative to its earnings per share (EPS).
It can be used to evaluate a company's present stock price relative to its earnings, and it may be used by investors to determine whether a stock is overvalued or undervalued.
If a company decides to raise its dividend payout ratio, it will result in a decline in retained earnings. Retained earnings are earnings that a company keeps and reinvests in the firm rather than paying out to shareholders.
When the payout ratio is increased, earnings will decrease as more profits are paid out to shareholders. As a result, there would be a decrease in the company's earnings per share.
When a company's earnings per share decrease, its price-to-earnings (P/E) ratio also decreases. As a result, if a mining company, with a stable growth of 1%, has net income of $50 million and the market value of its equity is $250 million, the most probable outcome of increasing its dividend payout ratio by 2% is that the company's price-to-earnings (P/E) ratio would decrease.
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what are the aspects of a clinical laboratory expansion project that can involve uncertainty
Clinical laboratory expansion project is a significant undertaking that can involve many uncertainties. Some aspects of a clinical laboratory expansion project that can involve uncertainty are: Budget and funding approval.
The first aspect of a clinical laboratory expansion project that can involve uncertainty is budget approval and funding. In most clinical laboratory expansion projects, the primary source of funding is grants from government and private organizations. However, budget approval and funding can involve many uncertainties, including the availability of funding, the grant application process, and changes in funding priorities.
Financial implications- Another aspect of a clinical laboratory expansion project that can involve uncertainty is financial implications. Clinical laboratory expansion projects can be expensive and require significant financial resources to complete. However, the actual costs of the project can vary significantly from the initial estimates, and cost overruns can occur. Therefore, financial implications can involve uncertainty in the clinical laboratory expansion project.
Another aspect of a clinical laboratory expansion project that can involve uncertainty is the project timeline. A clinical laboratory expansion project can be complex and require significant planning and coordination to complete. The timeline for completing the project can vary, and delays can occur due to unforeseen circumstances, including regulatory approval processes, supplier issues, and construction delays.
Risk mitigation- Finally, risk is another aspect of a clinical laboratory expansion project that can involve uncertainty. Clinical laboratory expansion projects can be risky due to the complexity of the project, the potential for cost overruns, and delays in completion.
Therefore, it is essential to have a comprehensive risk management plan to mitigate these risks. However, even with a risk management plan in place, uncertainties can arise that can affect the project's outcome.
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At December 31, 2020, Crane Company reported Accounts Receivable of $56,700 and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts of $4,410. On January 7, 2021, Brown Enterprises declares bankruptcy and it is determined that the receivable of $1,512 from Brown is not collectible. (a) What is the cash realizable value of Accounts Receivable at December 31, 2020? Cash realizable value (b) What entry would Crane make to write off the Brown account? (Credit account titles are automatically indented when the amount is entered. Do not indent manually. List all debit entrly before credit entry) (c) Account Titles and Explanation Save for Later Debit Cash realizable value $ What is the cash realizable value of Accounts Receivable after the Brown account is written off? Credit Attempts: 0 of 1 used Submit Answer
A - The cash realizable value of Accounts Receivable on December 31, 2020, is $52,290. B - The entry to write off the Brown account would be Debit: Allowance for Doubtful Accounts $1,512 Credit: Accounts Receivable $1,512. C - After writing off the Brown account, the cash realizable value of Accounts Receivable remains the same at $52,290.
(a) The cash realizable value of Accounts Receivable on December 31, 2020, can be calculated by subtracting the Allowance for Doubtful Accounts from the total Accounts Receivable. In this case, the calculation would be as follows:
Cash realizable value = Accounts Receivable - Allowance for Doubtful Accounts
Cash realizable value = $56,700 - $4,410
Cash realizable value = $52,290
Therefore, the cash realizable value of Accounts Receivable on December 31, 2020, is $52,290.
(b) To write off the Brown account, Crane Company would make the following entry:
Debit: Allowance for Doubtful Accounts
Credit: Accounts Receivable
The specific amounts would be:
Debit: Allowance for Doubtful Accounts $1,512
Credit: Accounts Receivable $1,512
This entry reflects the recognition that the amount owed by Brown Enterprises is no longer collectible and should be removed from the Accounts Receivable balance.
(c) After writing off the Brown account, the cash realizable value of Accounts Receivable remains the same at $52,290.
This is because the write-off is accounted for by reducing the Allowance for Doubtful Accounts, which is already included in the calculation of the cash realizable value. The write-off does not affect the total Accounts Receivable balance.
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What are some best practices for retaining the current employees in key positions within an organization? What actions might an organization need to take to ensure company sustainability and competitiveness? Provide an explanation for your response.
By adopting best practices to retain key employees and taking actions to ensure sustainability and competitiveness, organizations can create a thriving workplace that fosters growth, innovation, and customer satisfaction.
Retaining current employees in key positions within an organization is critical to ensuring company sustainability and competitiveness. To retain employees in key positions within an organization, below are some best practices that an organization may need to adopt:
1. Ensure that compensation is fair and competitive: Employers should strive to pay their employees a fair and competitive salary to keep them from leaving.
2. Offer benefits that employees value: Employers can offer a variety of benefits that employees value, such as healthcare, retirement plans, and paid time off.
3. Provide opportunities for advancement: Organizations should provide career advancement opportunities to their employees to keep them engaged and motivated.
4. Encourage a healthy work-life balance: Employers can create a healthy work-life balance for their employees by offering flexible schedules, remote work options, and on-site amenities such as gyms.
5. Foster a positive work environment: Employers can create a positive work environment by promoting open communication, team-building activities, and recognizing employee achievements.
To ensure company sustainability and competitiveness, organizations need to take various actions, including the following: 1. Invest in employee development: Organizations should invest in employee development by providing training programs, mentorship opportunities, and continuing education.
2. Encourage innovation and creativity: Companies should encourage innovation and creativity by creating a culture that supports experimentation and risk-taking. 3. Embrace diversity and inclusion: Organizations should embrace diversity and inclusion by fostering a culture that is respectful of all employees and their unique perspectives.
4. Keep up with technology trends: Companies should keep up with technology trends and invest in technology that can help them stay competitive. 5. Focus on customer satisfaction: Organizations should focus on customer satisfaction by listening to customer feedback and continually improving their products and services.
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A 10-year annuity of $12,000 quarterly payments begins 4 years from today. The discount rate is 12%, compounded quarterly. What is the value of the annuity today?
A. $277,377.26
B. $172.852.34
C. $67,802.68
D. $176.278.27
10-year annuity of $12,000 quarterly payments begins 4 years from today. The discount rate is 12%, compounded quarterly, the value of the annuity today is A. $277,377.26
Let's calculate the value of the annuity today.
To do that, we can use the formula:
PV = C x ((1 - (1 + r)^(-n)) / r) x (1 + r)^(-t),
where:PV is the present value
C is the regular payment
r is the discount rate
n is the number of payments per year
t is the time until the first payment
The regular payment is $12,000 and it is paid quarterly, so n = 4 and C = $12,000. The time until the first payment is 4 years, so t = 4.The discount rate is 12% compounded quarterly, so r = 0.12 / 4 = 0.03.The number of payments over the life of the annuity is 10 years x 4 payments per year = 40 payments.
So, the present value of the annuity is:
PV = $12,000 x ((1 - (1 + 0.03)^(-40)) / 0.03) x (1 + 0.03)^(-4)≈ $277,377.26
Therefore, the value of the annuity today is approximately $277,377.26. So, option a is the correct answer.
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In your opinion, what are some key business reasons for emphasizing diversity & inclusion (D&I)?
Why is there no simple relationship between D&I and business performance?
What are some possible sources of intergenerational friction? How might you deal with those?
It has been said that D&I only endures when it is baked into the way a company does business every day. As a newly appointed CEO of a cosmetic company, how would you ensure that D&I is "baked in" the company culture?
Diversity and inclusion (D&I) has become a critical business factor in the twenty-first century. D&I can help businesses to promote innovation, creativity, and productivity.
It can also lead to increased customer satisfaction and engagement by connecting with a broader range of customers and clients. There is no straightforward relationship between D&I and business performance. Despite the positive effects, the impact of D&I on business performance depends on various factors, such as the company's size, type of industry, the nature of work, and external factors like the economic environment, political climate, and cultural differences. Some possible sources of intergenerational friction include a clash of values, different work styles, communication issues, resistance to change, and technological disparities. To deal with these, companies can implement diversity and inclusion training and initiatives.
This can help to raise awareness of the importance of D&I and provide the necessary skills to foster it. Recognize and reward D&I efforts: Create a reward system that recognizes employees who promote D&I and demonstrate the desired behaviors.
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Review Later Which Excel function or tool will you use to display the cells that are referred to by a formula in the selected cell? Trace Dependents Go To Special - Formulas Trace Precedents Show Formulas
To display the cells that are referred to by a formula in the selected cell in Excel, you can use the "Trace Precedents" tool. This tool allows you to visually see the cells that are used as inputs for the formula in the selected cell.
This feature allows you to visually track the cells that contribute to the formula calculation in the selected cell.
To use the "Trace Precedents" tool in Excel:
1. Select the cell containing the formula that you want to investigate.
2. Go to the "Formulas" tab in the Excel ribbon.
3. In the "Formula Auditing" group, click on the "Trace Precedents" button. It usually has a blue arrow pointing to the left.
4. Excel will draw arrows from the selected cell to the cells that are referenced by the formula.
5. You can further trace the precedents of the referenced cells by clicking the "Trace Precedents" button again or by pressing the "Ctrl + [" keyboard shortcut.
6. To remove the arrows, click on the "Remove Precedent Arrows" button in the "Formula Auditing" group or press the "Ctrl + Shift + [" keyboard shortcut.
By using the "Trace Precedents" tool, you can easily understand the flow of data and track the cells that contribute to the formula calculation in Excel.
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Visit Amazon and Lazada and compare both these stores with regard to the overall store experience.
Also, Write at least FIVE (5) positive and FIVE (5) negative points of both the stores.
Amazon and Lazada are both online shopping platforms with different strengths and weaknesses. Hence. Amazon offers a wide range of products and excellent customer service, also shipping fees and online fraud. Lazada offers affordable prices and timely delivery, also points like longer delivery times and unresponsive customer service.
Comparison between Amazon and Lazada with regard to the overall store experience. Amazon and Lazada are both online shopping platforms. Amazon is a globally recognized shopping platform whereas Lazada is a leading Southeast Asia shopping platform.
Positive points of Amazon: Amazon offers its customers a wide range of products to choose from Amazon provides its customers with product reviews, prices and other features that make shopping more comfortable. Amazon offers its customers free shipping for products worth $25 and above. Amazon provides excellent customer service, returns policies, and timely delivery. Amazon provides a vast array of digital products such as ebooks, music, and videos
Positive points of Lazada: Lazada offers a broad range of products at affordable prices. Lazada offers its customers an option for cash on delivery (COD) payment. Lazada provides timely delivery of products and provides excellent customer serviceLazada offers its customers different promotions such as discounts and vouchers. Lazada has an efficient refund policy.
Negative points of Amazon: Amazon charges its customers for shipping for products under $25Amazon is not available in some countries. Amazon sells counterfeit products that can harm its customers. Amazon is not able to provide its customers with a 100% guarantee against online fraud.
Negative points of Lazada: Lazada's delivery takes longer than expected in some cases. Lazada's customer service is sometimes unresponsive. Lazada does not provide its customers with an accurate timeline for delivery. Lazada's quality control is sometimes unsatisfactory. Lazada's products' authenticity is sometimes questionable.
Conclusion, Amazon and Lazada are both online shopping platforms that offer their customers a wide range of products at affordable prices. However, Amazon offers better customer service, timely delivery, and excellent returns policies whereas Lazada offers its customers a cash-on-delivery payment option and promotions.
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Listening 3.4 - Qongqothwane
After listening to Listening 3.4, respond to the following questions:
1. What is your reaction to the click sounds in this song?
2. Are you able to differentiate the pitch changes? How does this aide the overall musical arc of the song?
3. How the form of the song compare to other musical examples in this course so far?
The click sounds in "Listening 3.4 - Qongqothwane" add a fascinating and distinctive character. The pitch changes contribute to the song's musical arc, creating tension and release. Its unique form showcases a call-and-response structure with a clear verse and chorus.
1. The click sounds in the song Listening 3.4 - Qongqothwane is unique and fascinating. They add a unique character to the music that sets it apart from other songs.
2. Yes, it is possible to differentiate the pitch changes in the song. The pitch changes are essential to the overall musical arc of the song because they help to create a sense of tension and release. This adds depth and meaning to the music.
3. The form of the song Listening 3.4 - Qongqothwane is unique and different from other musical examples in this course. It features a call-and-response structure, with one person or group singing and another responding. The song also has a clear structure, with a distinct beginning, middle, and end. It features a verse and a chorus, which are repeated throughout the song.
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Explain he prudence convention applied in valuation of the inventory as required under MFRS 102, Inventories.
The prudence convention promotes cautious and conservative inventory valuation, ensuring it is stated at the lower of cost and net realizable value for reliable financial reporting.
The prudence convention is an accounting principle that requires cautiousness and conservatism in financial reporting. It is applied in the valuation of inventory under MFRS 102 (Malaysian Financial Reporting Standards) to ensure that inventory is not overstated or overvalued.
According to MFRS 102, inventories should be stated at the lower of cost and net realizable value. Cost refers to the amount expended to acquire or produce the inventory, while net realizable value refers to the estimated selling price less any estimated costs to complete and sell the inventory.
The prudence convention ensures that inventory is not valued at an amount higher than its expected realization in the normal course of business. It aims to prevent the overstatement of assets and potential overvaluation of profits. By valuing inventory at the lower of cost and net realizable value, it provides a conservative approach to financial reporting.
Under the prudence convention, if the net realizable value of inventory is lower than its cost, the inventory should be written down to the lower value. This anticipates any potential losses or declines in value that may occur in the future. It reflects a conservative estimation of the inventory's worth and helps provide a more realistic picture of the financial position and performance of a company.
Applying the prudence convention in inventory valuation ensures that financial statements provide reliable and accurate information to users. It helps to avoid potential overstatement of assets and profits, which could mislead stakeholders in making informed decisions.
Overall, the prudence convention promotes transparency and reliability in financial reporting by adopting a cautious and conservative approach to inventory valuation.
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For your Portfolio Project, you will be creating a Training Manual that reflects the focus of each course in the BOA program. Each part of the portfolio will be a chapter in that manual. The purpose of the portfolio is to explain information that organizational administration professionals need to do their jobs well.
Portfolio Project Part 4 Description:
Ongoing professional development is critical for many reasons, including learning new skills for career growth. It also helps employees keep their skills and knowledge current and enables them to do their jobs better, benefitting the company. This section of the training manual of your portfolio should help let employees know why professional development is important and how one could pursue it. Review Chapter 14 pp. 491-498 of your textbook and respond to the following:
In your own words, write about why employees should pursue professional development. Provide at least 3 reasons. Also, include at least ONE brief story as an example of a company employee who took professional development courses and was able to grow his/her career.
List your company’s professional development requirements. Include the following:
Amount required with deadline(s): Decide how to calculate this (i.e., Time? Credits? Another way?)
Types of appropriate professional development activities. Formal or informal training? Which formats? List at least THREE.
How employees will show they gained knowledge from their professional development activities
Briefly explain at least THREE ways employees can find professional development opportunities. Consider a variety of methods for developing and improving job skills. (i.e. Traditional college classes, online courses, etc.)
Professional development empowers employees to enhance their skills, stay current, and excel in their jobs. By actively seeking opportunities and meeting set requirements, employees can unlock their full potential and contribute to their company's success.
Employees should pursue professional development for the following reasons: To learn new skills and knowledge to grow in their careers, to stay up-to-date with industry trends and changes, and to improve their job performance.
A brief story of a company employee who took professional development courses and was able to grow his/her career can be that of a software engineer who learned a new programming language through a professional development course and was able to take on more complex projects at work and eventually earned a promotion.
The professional development requirements for a company should be as follows: Employees are required to complete 20 hours of professional development activities every year, and these hours can be earned through formal or informal training activities such as attending conferences, workshops, webinars, online courses, or completing relevant certifications.
To show that they gained knowledge from their professional development activities, employees will be required to write a summary of what they learned and how it applies to their job responsibilities. Three ways employees can find professional development opportunities are: by attending industry conferences or workshops, seeking out online courses or webinars, or enrolling in traditional college classes or certification programs.
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Bob intends to keep the money in the bank. However, Bob is faced with two different bank choices. Bank A offers an annual interest rate of 8.3% which is compounded every 6 months. On the other hand, Bank B offers an annual interest rate of 7.2% which is compounded every month. a. Calculate the effective nominal interest of each bank! b. Which option offers more profit to Bob?
The effective nominal interest rate of each bank can be calculated using the formula:
Effective Nominal Interest Rate = (1 + (Nominal Interest Rate / Number of Compounding Periods))^Number of Compounding Periods - 1
a. To calculate the effective nominal interest rate for Bank A:
Nominal Interest Rate = 8.3%
Number of Compounding Periods = 2 (compounded every 6 months)
Plugging these values into the formula:
Effective Nominal Interest Rate for Bank A = (1 + (8.3% / 2))^2 - 1
b. To calculate the effective nominal interest rate for Bank B:
Nominal Interest Rate = 7.2%
Number of Compounding Periods = 12 (compounded every month)
Plugging these values into the formula:
Effective Nominal Interest Rate for Bank B = (1 + (7.2% / 12))^12 - 1
Now let's compare the effective nominal interest rates of both banks:
a. Bank A: Effective Nominal Interest Rate = (1 + (8.3% / 2))^2 - 1
b. Bank B: Effective Nominal Interest Rate = (1 + (7.2% / 12))^12 - 1
To determine which option offers more profit to Bob, we need to compare the effective nominal interest rates of both banks. The option with the higher effective nominal interest rate will offer more profit.
a. The effective nominal interest rate for Bank A is calculated by using the formula (1 + (8.3% / 2))^2 - 1. This formula takes into account the nominal interest rate of 8.3% and the fact that the interest is compounded every 6 months. By plugging in the values and simplifying the equation, we can calculate the effective nominal interest rate for Bank A.
b. The effective nominal interest rate for Bank B is calculated using the same formula but with the values of the nominal interest rate of 7.2% and the fact that the interest is compounded every month. By plugging in the values and simplifying the equation, we can calculate the effective nominal interest rate for Bank B.
To determine which option offers more profit to Bob, we compare the effective nominal interest rates of both banks. The option with the higher effective nominal interest rate will offer more profit.
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Describe one cybersecurity attack that has occurred in the past 6 months, and based on your understanding of this week’s readings, explain what vulnerabilities within the organization may have contributed to the breach. NOTE: Be specific and incorporate both assigned readings and external research.
One cybersecurity attack that has occurred in the past 6 months is the Colonial Pipeline attack. This was a ransomware attack on the largest fuel pipeline in the US that occurred in May 2021.
The attack led to the shutdown of the pipeline, resulting in fuel shortages across the East Coast of the US. Dark Side, a cybercriminal group, claimed responsibility for the attack. According to the readings, there were several vulnerabilities within Colonial Pipeline's organization that contributed to the breach. First, they were using outdated and unsupported operating systems like Windows 7 and Windows Server 2008.
These systems are no longer receiving security updates from Microsoft, making them more vulnerable to cyberattacks. Additionally, they did not have multi-factor authentication (MFA) enabled, which would have made it harder for attackers to gain unauthorized access. This was highlighted in the Mandiant report, which stated that the attackers used compromised VPN credentials to gain access to Colonial Pipeline's network.
MFA would have prevented this attack vector from being successful. Moreover, the company did not have proper segmentation of its IT and OT networks, which allowed the attackers to move laterally from the IT network to the OT network. This made it easier for them to deploy ransomware to the industrial control systems that controlled the pipeline's operations. Lastly, Colonial Pipeline did not have proper incident response procedures in place.
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Accumulated Depreciation (10 Points) (Calculated formula) Determine the accumulated depreciation of year 1 for equipment with a value of 11764 and 6 years of life. The residual at the end of the equipment life will be 1479 . Use a simple depreciation method.
Accumulated Depreciation is the total amount of depreciation expense charged against an asset since it was placed into service. It is used to represent the total amount of value that an asset has lost up to a particular point in time.
The formula to calculate accumulated depreciation of year 1 for equipment with a value of 11764 and 6 years of life is given below: Accumulated Depreciation = (Cost of the Asset - Residual Value) / Estimated Life of the Asset.Accumulated Depreciation = (11764 - 1479) / 6; Accumulated Depreciation = 10285 / 6Accumulated Depreciation = 1714.17 (rounded to two decimal places)Therefore, the accumulated depreciation of year 1 for equipment with a value of 11764 and 6 years of life using a simple depreciation method is $1714.17.
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The spot rate on the London market is E0.5515/\$, while the 90 day forward rateis E0.5596/5. What is the annualized forward premium or discount on the British pound? (Round answer to 2 derimal ploces itce 17.5-4. Use 360 days for calculation) Forward premium or (discount) 26
The answer is , the annualized forward premium on the British pound is 5.87%.
What is forward rate?The forward rate is a discount or premium on the spot rate that can be used to lock in a price for an exchange rate agreement at a future date.
The annualized forward premium or discount on the British pound can be calculated as follows:
Given that the spot rate on the London market is E0.
5515/$ and the 90-day forward rate is E0.5596/$.
Then, the forward premium can be calculated as follows;
Forward premium = (forward rate - spot rate)/spot rate x (360/number of days to delivery)
= (0.5596 - 0.5515)/0.5515 x (360/90)
= 0.0081/0.5515 x 4
= 0.0587 or 5.87%.
Therefore, the annualized forward premium on the British pound is 5.87%.
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The Art of war by Sun Tzu was written in the 5th century. One of the most repeated phrases in the book is " if you know your enemy and know yourself. you need not fear the results of a hundred battles Describe in detail with strategic management examples how this philosophy could be utilized by current U.S businesses.
The Art of War is one of the most respected books in strategic management. It was written by Sun Tzu in the 5th century. Sun Tzu, a Chinese philosopher, believed in using strategy and tactics to win wars.
1. Know your competitors
One of the most important aspects of strategic management is knowing your competitors. This means understanding their strengths and weaknesses, their products and services, and their market position. By knowing your competitors, you can create strategies that will help you to gain a competitive advantage. For example, Netflix used this strategy to enter the streaming market and overtake Blockbuster.
2. Know your customers
Knowing your customers is another key aspect of strategic management. This means understanding their needs, preferences, and buying behaviors. By knowing your customers, you can create products and services that meet their needs and offer them a better customer experience. For example, Amazon used this strategy to dominate the online retail market.
3. SWOT analysis
A SWOT analysis is a tool used in strategic management to assess the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of a business. By conducting a SWOT analysis, a business can identify areas where it needs to improve, areas where it can take advantage of opportunities, and areas where it needs to be cautious. For example, Walmart used this strategy to become the largest retailer in the world.
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A regulation prevents persons with a drug arrest and conviction and/or those undergoing current treatment for drug abuse from working in certain state run facilities for the safety of the general public. One employee of the department of treasury brought an action claiming a denial of equal protection and due process by taking away his right to a job. It is claimed that the prohibition is necessary to protect the public from potential problems that could arise. Which test of constitutional validity would be likely applied to this regulation? Explain.
The regulation preventing individuals with a drug arrest and conviction and/or those undergoing current treatment for drug abuse from working in certain state-run facilities would most likely be subject to the rational basis test of constitutional validity.
Rational Basis Test The rational basis test is a form of judicial review that determines whether a law or regulation is constitutional or violates the equal protection clause of the 14th Amendment. In this case, the regulation is being challenged for violating the employee's right to due process and equal protection. The rational basis test is applied when a law or regulation does not involve a fundamental right or a suspect classification.
In such a situation, the government has the burden to demonstrate that the law or regulation is rationally related to a legitimate government interest. In this case, the government would need to prove that the regulation preventing individuals with a drug arrest and conviction and/or those undergoing current treatment for drug abuse from working in certain state-run facilities is rationally related to the legitimate government interest of protecting the general public from potential problems that could arise.
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