Answer:
Neurotransmitters; neuromodulators; facilitation; an increased; an increased; inhibition; a decreased; a decreased.
Explanation:
In Biology, stimulus can be defined as an obvious change in either the chemical or physical structure of an organism' environment (either external or internal). Thus, all living organisms (both animals and plants) respond to changes in their environment and consequently, an appropriate response or reaction is made. Also, stimulus arising from within the organism is known as internal stimulus while those from its environment are known as the external stimulus.
In organisms, the specialized cells that detect stimulus are generally known as sensory receptors while a group of these receptors is referred to as sense organ.
Neuromodulation is the release of chemicals (other than neurotransmitters ) from cells that locally regulate or alter the response of neurons to neurotransmitters. The substances released are called neuromodulators. Neuromodulation generally results in either facilitation or inhibition. When there is greater response from a postsynaptic neuron because of the release of neuromodulators it is facilitation. This may result from either an increased amount of neurotransmitter in the synaptic cleft or an increased number of receptors on postsynaptic neurons. When there is less response from a postsynaptic neuron because of the release of neuromodulators, it is called inhibition. This results from either a decreased amount of neurotransmitter in the synaptic cleft or a decreased number of receptors on postsynaptic neurons.
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What is H²O?
H2O is the chemical formula for water, meaning that each of its molecules contains one oxygen and two hydrogen atoms H.
[tex]\large\underline{\mathbb{AnSwEr}:}[/tex]
H²O is the chemical formula of water.
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The brain recognizes action potentials from different sensory modalities as separate and distinct because Group of answer choices the volley of action potentials differs for each sensory modality. action potentials from different sensory modalities are processed through different frontal lobe regions. action potentials from different sensory modalities utilize different neurotransmitter systems. action potentials from different sensory modalities are carried on different nerve tracts.
Answer:
The correct answer is ''action potentials from different sensory modalities are carried on different nerve tracts.''
Explanation:
A nerve tract is a set of axons (bundles of nerve fibers) of the central nervous system that have the same origin and the same destination. Each of the main sensory types that we can experience, pain, touch, vision, sound, etc., is called sensation modality. Nerve fibers only transmit action potentials whatever the stimulus. The perceived modality will depend on the specific point in the central nervous system where the excited fiber ends, that is, the response indicates that each nerve bundle ends at a specific point in the central nervous system and the type of sensation experienced when a nerve fiber is stimulated is determined by the area of the nervous system to which this fiber leads. For example, if a fiber is stimulated for pain, the person perceives this sensation regardless of the type of stimulus that excites them. It can be electricity, overheating the fiber, crushing it, or activating the nerve ending for pain when tissue cells are injured. In all these cases, the person perceives pain. Similarly, if a tactile fiber is stimulated by electrical excitation of a touch receptor or by some other mechanism, the person perceives a sensation of touch because these fibers lead to specific areas of touch in the brain. In this same sense, the fibers from the ocular retina end in the visual areas of the brain, those from the ear end in the auditory areas and the thermal fibers in the areas for temperature. This specificity of nerve fibers to transmit nothing more than a sensation modality is called the principle of the marked line.
Which column would you use to purify a 32kd positively charged tagged protein from a 35kd negatively charged protein?
a. G200 gel filtration column
b. G100 gel filtration column
c. Ni+2 Agarose
d. ion exchange column
The most appropriate column to purify a 32 kDa positively charged tagged protein from a 35 kDa negatively charged protein would be the ion exchange column. The correct option is d.
Ion exchange chromatography separates proteins based on their net charge. In this case, the positively charged tagged protein can bind to a negatively charged ion exchange resin, while the negatively charged protein will not interact significantly and can be washed away. The bound protein can then be eluted using a salt gradient or a pH change.
The G200 and G100 gel filtration columns (a and b) are used for size-based separation, where proteins are separated based on their molecular weight. The molecular weights of both the target protein and the contaminating protein are close, and the charge difference between them is the key distinguishing factor. Therefore, gel filtration columns would not effectively separate the two proteins.
Ni+2 Agarose (c) is typically used for purification of His-tagged proteins through affinity chromatography. Since the target protein in this case is not His-tagged and does not have an affinity for Ni+2, this column would not be suitable for separating the target protein from the contaminating protein.
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What can the reader reasonably conclude based on the information in this passage?
A.Gregor Mendel was well paid for his research.
B.Gregor Mendel noticed other things about peas.
C.Gregor Mendel won a Nobel Prize for his work.
D.Gregor Mendel hated gardening.
Answer:
B
Explanation:
in a disputed parentage case, a child is blood type a, while the mother is blood type b. what blood type could exclude a male from being the father?
In the ABO blood typing system, blood type O is considered the universal donor as individuals with type O blood can donate to individuals with any other blood type (A, B, or AB) without causing adverse reactions.
If the child has blood type A and the mother has blood type B, it means that the child has inherited an A allele from one parent (which could be the father) and a B allele from the other parent (the mother). Since the mother has blood type B, she can only contribute a B allele to the child.
For the child to have blood type A, the other parent (potential father) must have at least one A allele. However, if the potential father has blood type O, it means he does not have any A or B alleles to pass on to the child.
Therefore, if the potential father has blood type O, it would exclude him from being the biological father of the child in this disputed parentage case.
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A _______ is a substance containing incomplete portions of a virus that produce an immune response when injected into the bo
A vaccine is a substance containing incomplete portions of a virus that produce an immune response when injected into the body."
A vaccine is a type of biological preparation that improves immunity to a specific disease. It typically consists of an agent that resembles a disease-causing microorganism and is often made from weakened or killed forms of the microbe, its toxins, or one of its surface proteins.
There are different types of vaccines such as inactivated vaccines, live attenuated vaccines, subunit vaccines, conjugate vaccines, and DNA vaccines. They all work by stimulating the immune system to recognise and attack specific viruses or bacteria.
The "substance containing incomplete portions of a virus" mentioned in the question refers to the antigenic components of a vaccine. These antigens are usually derived from the surface proteins of a virus and are used to trigger an immune response when injected into the body. Once the immune system recognises the vaccine antigen as foreign, it generates an immune response that involves the production of antibodies and the activation of immune cells. This immune response results in the development of immunological memory that helps the body to quickly recognise and respond to the actual virus if it is encountered in the future.
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Which phyla have well developed nervous system
Explanation:
Cnidarians
.............
Which piece of evidence did Wegener use to prove continental drift?
a. The shape of the continents
b. Fossils found in strange places
Answer: b. Fossils found in strange places
Explanation:
Which of the following statements about greenhouse gases and the greenhouse effect is true?
A.)Greenhouse gases are transparent to longwave thermal radiation but absorb shortwave solar radiation.
B.)Greenhouse gases reradiate thermal energy as longwave radiation in all directions.
C.)The greenhouse effect on Earth is caused entirely by a single greenhouse gas, carbon dioxide.
D.)The greenhouse effect causes energy to be reflected from the surface of the Earth back into space.
The correct statement about greenhouse gases and the greenhouse effect is greenhouse gases reradiate thermal energy as longwave radiation in all directions, option B is correct.
Greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide, methane, and water vapor, have the ability to absorb and re-emit infrared radiation (longwave radiation) in the Earth's atmosphere. When sunlight reaches the Earth's surface, it warms the surface, which then emits infrared radiation.
Greenhouse gases absorb a portion of this outgoing longwave radiation and re-emit it in all directions, including back toward the Earth's surface and into space. This trapping and re-radiation of heat by greenhouse gases create a natural phenomenon known as the greenhouse effect, option B is correct.
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what is the difference between a cell and a cell membrane
P.S. ENJOY THE FREE POINTS /100 POINTS
Answer:
The cell wall is mainly present in plant cells while the cell membrane is present in the animal cell. The cell wall is made of cellulose whereas cell membrane lipids and proteins The cell wall is completely permeable while the cell membrane is semi-permeable
The cell wall is mainly present in plant cells while the cell membrane is present in the animal cell. The cell wall is made of cellulose whereas cell membrane lipids and proteins The cell wall is completely permeable while the cell membrane is semi-permeable.
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public class Animal {
public void speak(String sound) {
System.out.println(sound);
}
}
public class Dog extends Animal {
public void bark() {
super.speak("Bark");
}
}
Which of the following lines would generate a compile time error when placed in a main method?
In the given code snippet, the following lines would generate a compile-time error when placed in a main method: Animal animal = new Animal(); and animal.bark();. Here options B and D are the correct answer.
A) Dog dog = new Dog();
This line creates a new instance of the Dog class and assigns it to the variable "dog." Since Dog is a subclass of Animal, this line is valid and will not generate a compile-time error.
B) Animal animal = new Animal();
This line creates a new instance of the Animal class and assigns it to the variable "animal." Since Animal is not an abstract class and can be instantiated, this line is valid and will not generate a compile-time error.
C) dog.speak("Woof");
This line calls the speak() method on the "dog" object, which is an instance of the Dog class. The speak() method is defined in the Animal class and inherited by the Dog class. Therefore, this line is valid and will not generate a compile-time error.
D) animal.bark();
This line tries to call the bark() method on the "animal" object, which is an instance of the Animal class. However, the bark() method is not defined in the Animal class, but rather in the Dog class. Since the "animal" object is of type Animal, it does not have access to the bark() method. Therefore, this line would generate a compile-time error.
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Complete question:
Public class Animal {
public void speak(String sound) {
System.out.println(sound);
}
}
public class Dog extends Animal {
public void bark() {
super.speak("Bark");
}
}
Which of the following lines would generate a compile-time error when placed in a main method?
A) Dog dog = new Dog();
B) Animal animal = new Animal();
C) dog.speak("Woof");
D) animal.bark();
Which of the following applications of genetic engineering is preventative and helps
individuals fight infection before its onset?
A)Insulin production
B)Vaccine production
C)Stem cell therapy
D)Gene therapy
How is ADP
converted to ATP?
Answer:
ADP is converted to ATP for the storing of energy by the addition of a high-energy phosphate group. The conversion takes place in the substance between the cell membrane and the nucleus, known as the cytoplasm, or in special energy-producing structures called mitochondria.
Explanation:
arrange the following structures in the order in which blood flows through them, starting with the right atrium
The correct order in which blood flows through the structures, starting with the right atrium, is as follows: right atrium, tricuspid valve, right ventricle, pulmonary valve, pulmonary artery, lungs (pulmonary circulation), pulmonary veins, left atrium, mitral valve, left ventricle, aortic valve, aorta, and the systemic circulation.
The flow of blood starts in the right atrium, where deoxygenated blood returns from the body. From the right atrium, the blood flows through the tricuspid valve into the right ventricle. The right ventricle then pumps the blood through the pulmonary valve into the pulmonary artery, which carries the blood to the lungs for oxygenation. After oxygenation in the lungs, the blood returns to the heart through the pulmonary veins, entering the left atrium. From the left atrium, the blood flows through the mitral valve into the left ventricle. The left ventricle pumps the oxygenated blood through the aortic valve into the aorta, the largest artery in the body, initiating the systemic circulation that supplies oxygenated blood to all tissues and organs. Blood flow through the heart follows a specific pathway to ensure efficient oxygenation and circulation throughout the body. The right atrium receives deoxygenated blood from the body through the superior and inferior vena cava. From the right atrium, the blood passes through the tricuspid valve into the right ventricle. The right ventricle contracts, pumping the blood through the pulmonary valve into the pulmonary artery. The pulmonary artery carries the deoxygenated blood to the lungs, where it undergoes oxygenation and releases carbon dioxide.
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Why is photosynthesis limited to surface water in marine ecosystems?
A. Visible light cannot penetrate deeply into the ocean, even when the water is clear.
B. The temperature is too cold in deep oceans for plants to grow.
C. Volcanic gases can seep through the ocean floor through cracks called "hydrothermal vents," which makes life impossible in the deep ocean.
D. Inorganic nutrients that plants need to grow are found mostly near the surface.
Photosynthesis is limited to surface water in marine ecosystems due to the visible light cannot penetrate deeply into the ocean, even when the water is clear. The correct answer is option A.
Photosynthesis is the process by which plants, algae, and some bacteria transform light energy into chemical energy. In this process, carbon dioxide and water are combined to create organic compounds such as glucose, with oxygen as a byproduct. Photosynthesis in marine ecosystems is primarily limited to surface waters due to the inability of visible light to penetrate deeply into the ocean, even when the water is clear.
Sunlight contains the necessary energy for photosynthesis, and the wavelengths of light required for this process are absorbed by water molecules as they travel through the ocean. As a result, the available light diminishes rapidly with increasing depth, making it insufficient for photosynthesis to occur effectively in the deeper parts of the ocean. This is why photosynthetic organisms, such as algae and phytoplankton, are primarily found in the sunlit upper layers of marine ecosystem.
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kinetic energy is a function of
A. the Kelvin temperature scale
B. direction
C. velocity
how does the antigen-antibody complex protect the body
Answer:
Explanation:
the antibodies destroy the antigen (pathogen) which is then engulfed and digested by macrophages. White blood cells can also produce chemicals called antitoxins which destroy the toxins (poisons) some bacteria produce when they have invaded the body.
Which of the following characteristics will most likely be helpful in identifying a butterfly using a dichotomous key?Migrates north every spring.Hangs on branches to rest. Flutters wings faster on hot days.Hind wings have tail extensions.
Answer: Hind wings have tail extensions.
Explanation:
The dichotomous key is a tool which is used by the scientists to identify the unknown living organisms by comparing the observable characteristics of unknown with known living organisms. It stresses to identify the organisms or species by their scientific names and every species has a particular scientific name. Hind wings of butterfly is the observable characteristic which can be compared with that of other known butterfly species that also have a tail extension. This physical characteristic will help in identification of butterfly.
Answer:
Their wings have false eye spots.
Explanation:
In order for natural selection to occur, there must be variation within the population. Which statements are an accurate reflection
of the relationship between natural selection and variation in the population? Select ALL that apply.
A)
Mutations are caused by natural selection.
B)
Mutations are a source of variation within any population.
Genetic variation is increased in populations with sexual reproduction.
D)
Genetic diversity is decreased overall by the mechanism of natural
selection
E)
Natural selection lowers the population size but maintains the genetic
variation in a population.
Answer:
the correct answer is b, c, d
Explanation:
i just took the quiz on usatestprep
The correct answer is (B) and (C)
What are Mutations?
Mutation is a change in the DNA sequence in any organism.Mutation will cause the formation of new nucleotide sequence resulting in genetically diverse population.learn more about mutations below,
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Because stress is a force, it... A) takes energy out of rock B) adds energy to rock C) adds volume to rock. D) makes rock harder.
Answer:
it adds energy to the rock
Explanation:
Because stress is a force, it adds energy to the rock. This stress/force is being applied to the rock. Whether the rock moves or not you are applying a force to the rock and it has potential energy. If the rock moves, you are adding energy to it and creating kinetic energy as the rock moves. Other forces such as gravity and friction can push against your force and prevent the rock from moving. Therefore, there are many forces at play in such a scenario.
If vegetation has 10000 kcal , what will be the energy of tertiary level as per 10% energy rule
Answer: If a grassland ecosystem has 10,000 kilocalories (kcal) of energy concentrated in vegetation, only about 1,000 kcal will be transferred to primary consumers, and very little (only 10 kcal) will make it to the tertiary level.
Explanation: Hope it helped
Match the term to its definition. (4 points)
Column A
1.
Neap tide
:
Neap tide
2.
Spring tide
:
Spring tide
3.
Tidal bulges
:
Tidal bulges
4.
Tides
:
Tides
Column B
a.
tide where there is the greatest difference between high and low water levels
b.
the rise and fall of sea levels due to gravitational forces
c.
tide where there is the least difference between high and low water levels
d.
two ocean bulges created on opposite sides of Earth due to the moon's gravitational pull and the ocean's resistance to the pull
Answer:
Neap tide - tide where there is the least difference between high and low water levelspring tide - tide where there is greatest difference between high and low water leveltidal bluges - two oceans bluges created on opposite sides of earth due to the moon gravitational pull and the ocean. resistance to the pulltide - the rise and fall of sea level due to the gravitational forcepacyber.Ims.linc
Population after
natural selection
Original
population
21.
The transition of light colored moths in an original population into dark colored moths after
natural selection occurs is a classic example of
A.Normal selection.
B.Directional selection.
C.Sexual selection.
D.Disruptive selection.
PLEASE HURRY!!!
Include a bulleted list highlighting the important ideas you shared in your presentation.
Definition and description of gravity
Importance of gravity
Factors affecting gravitational forces between objects
Relationship between the masses of objects and the gravitational force between them
Relationship between the distance between objects and the gravitational force between
them
Answer:
1. the force that attracts a body towards the centre of the earth, or towards any other physical body having mass.
2. The sun's gravity keeps Earth in orbit around it, keeping us at a comfortable distance to enjoy the sun's light and warmth. It holds down our atmosphere and the air we need to breathe
3. distance between objects
masses of the objects
Explanation:
The magnitude of the gravitational force between two objects is given by
where G is the gravitational constant m1 and m2 are the masses of the two objects r is the distance between the two objects
By looking at the formula, we see that the gravitational force is affected only by two quantities:
- the masses of the objects, m1 and m2
- the distance between the objects, r
4. Gravitational force -an attractive force that exists between all objects with mass; an object with mass attracts another object with mass; the magnitude of the force is directly proportional to the masses of the two objects and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between the two objects.
5. Since gravitational force is inversely proportional to the square of the separation distance between the two interacting objects, more separation distance will result in weaker gravitational forces. So as two objects are separated from each other, the force of gravitational attraction between them also decreases.
Hope i helped! xoxo
Answer:
you should make a powerpoint
Explanation:
1-the force that attracts a body towards the centre of the earth, or towards any other physical body having mass.
2-Gravity is very important to our everyday lives. Without Earth's gravity we would fly right off it. We'd all have to be strapped down
3-Newton's law also states that the strength of gravity between any two objects depends on two factors: the masses of the objects and the distance between them.
Objects with greater mass have a stronger force of gravity between them. ...
Objects that are closer together have a stronger force of gravity between them.
4-5-Since gravitational force is inversely proportional to the square of the separation distance between the two interacting objects, more separation distance will result in weaker gravitational forces. So as two objects are separated from each other, the force of gravitational attraction between them also decreases.
it's all from the internet
What Phenotypic Ratio would you expect to result from a cross between 2 plants that are both Heterozygous for height and seed color? Ex) HhYy X HhYy
A). 1:2:1
B).4:4:4:4
C).8:8
D).9:3:3:1
________ refers to problems associated with a specific cause based in freud's theory of personality.
The term that refers to problems associated with a specific cause based on Freud's theory of personality is "psychodynamic conflict."
Psychodynamic conflict, according to Freud's theory of personality, is the notion that psychological problems arise from unresolved conflicts within the individual's psyche. Freud proposed that personality is shaped by three components: the id (primitive and instinctual), the ego (mediator between id and reality), and the superego (internalized moral standards).
These components can experience conflicts, often stemming from unconscious desires or repressed memories, which can manifest as psychological difficulties. Psychodynamic conflict emphasizes the significance of unconscious processes and the impact of unresolved conflicts on an individual's mental well-being.
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isla mujeres was a major shark fishing island. what was it converted into that helped preserve sharks and increase the prosperity of the people in the area
Isla Mujeres was a major shark fishing island in the past. It was converted into a sanctuary that helped preserve sharks and increase the prosperity of the people in the area.
What is Isla Mujeres?
Isla Mujeres is a small island located on the eastern side of Mexico. It is located eight miles northeast of Cancun and is only about five miles long and half a mile wide. It is one of Mexico's smallest municipios and one of the country's most vibrant and dynamic tourist destinations. The island's primary source of revenue is tourism, which includes water activities, restaurants, and accommodations.
What is shark fishing?
Shark fishing is the practice of catching sharks as game fish or for commercial purposes. Shark fishing is a destructive fishing method that damages the marine environment. It has been banned or severely restricted in many nations worldwide to protect endangered species of sharks.
What did Isla Mujeres do to preserve sharks and increase prosperity?
Isla Mujeres, which was previously a significant shark fishing island, has implemented shark conservation measures to protect sharks and other marine animals. The island has put in place several conservation initiatives aimed at preserving its ecosystem. They have also introduced a project known as the "Shark Park," which is a shark sanctuary. The area is home to about 1500 sharks and other marine creatures. The sanctuary is one of the most important sites for the study and preservation of sharks and other marine life in the Caribbean. The creation of the shark sanctuary has boosted eco-tourism on the island, resulting in increased prosperity and employment opportunities for the locals.
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compare and contrast what happens to an animal cell and a plant cell in a hypotonic and isotonic and hypertonic
Answer:
Hypotonic Solution:
Animal cell: Swells and may burst (lyse).
Plant cell: Becomes turgid due to water intake, but does not burst due to the cell wall.
Isotonic Solution:
Animal cell: Retains its shape and volume.
Plant cell: Becomes flaccid without turgor pressure.
Hypertonic Solution:
Animal cell: Shrinks and becomes crenated.
Plant cell: Loses water, leading to potential dehydration and damage.
~~~Harsha~~~
is the cell membrane organelle, cell tissue, organ, organ system organismis
Answer:
The major levels of organization in the body, from the simplest to the most complex are: atoms, molecules, organelles, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, and the human organism.
Explanation:
Which of the following statements is NOT part of the cell theory?
A. Cells are made of molecules
Answer:
A
Explanation: