The following compound: CH3CH2CH3 is propane and this a hydrocarbon and is alkane. Propane seems as a drab fueloline with a faint petroleum-like odor.
The vapors are heavier than air and a flame can flash returned to the supply of leak very easily. The leak can be both a liquid or vapor leak. The vapors can asphyxiate through the displacement of air. Under extended publicity to hearthplace or warmness the boxes might also additionally rupture violently and rocket.
CH3 CH2 CH3 is a compound referred to as a hydrocarbon, greater in particular an alkane. The not unusualplace call for this compound is propane, that is a form of fueloline extensively used as a gasoline supply. It is a hydrocarbon as it includes best hydrogen and carbon atoms.
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Use the information in the table below to respond to the statements and questions that follow. Your answers should be in terms of principles of molecular structure and intermolecular forces. a) Draw the complete Lewis electron-dot diagram for ethyne in the appropriate cell in the table below. (1) Compound Ethanethiol Formula CH3CH2SH Ethane CH3CH3 Lewis Electron Dot Diagram HH H:C:C:S:H HH HH H:C:C:H HH HH H:C:C:0:H HH Ethanol CH3CH2OH Ethene CzH b) Which of the four molecules contains the shortest carbon-to-carbon bond? Explain. [2] c) Explain how the structure of the molecules affects the energy that is required to boil ethanol. Consider the statement " As ethanol boils energy goes into breaking C-C bonds, C-H bonds, C-o bonds and O-H bonds." Is the statement true or false? Justify your answer. [2] d) Ethanol is completely soluble in water, whereas ethanethiol has limited (significantly less) solubility in water. Account for the difference in solubilities between the two compounds in terms of intermolecular forces. [2]
The complete Lewis electron-dot diagram for ethyne is shown in the attached diagram below:
What is the lewis electron dot diagram?A lewis electron dot structure can be utilized to represent the number of bonds, the lone pairs left in the atoms, and the bonding atoms in the molecule.
Solid lines are used to represent the bonds between atoms that are directly bonded to one another and excess electrons are denoted as dot pairs and are represented next to the atoms.
As the valence electrons of each carbon atom are equal to 4 from the electronic configuration of the carbon atom. First, the total number of valence electrons in a molecule is 4 + 1 + 1 + 4 = 10.
As each carbon atom needs only 4 electrons to complete its octet. As the octet completes, the rest of the electrons are assigned as the lone pairs of atoms. But there are no lone pairs in the molecule of the ethyne.
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4. Electrolysis (splitting) of water.
H2O →
Electrolysis of water produces hydrogen and oxygen gases as it's products.
What is electrolysis?
Electrolysis is defined as a process that makes of an electric current to drive a non-spontaneous chemical reaction. It is an important process for purification and extraction of metals from their ores.It makes use of an electrolytic cell in which two electrodes are present.
The two electrodes are the cathode and anode where reduction and oxidation reactions take place respectively.In the electrolysis of water hydrogen is collected at cathode and oxygen is collected at anode.
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If you had a closed jar with a fish and a plant in it, explain where photosynthesis and cellular respiration are each happening
Answer:
Photosynthesis would happen in the plant, while cellular respiration would happen in the plant and the fish. In the plant, photosynthesis occurs when light energy is converted into chemical energy used for growth and development. In fish, cellular respiration occurs when the fish takes in oxygen from the water and uses it to convert energy from food into usable energy...
Explanation:
If we represent the equilibrium as:
CoCl 4
2−
(aq)⇌Co 2+
(aq)+4Cl −
(aq)
We can conclude that: 1. This reaction is exothermic. endothermic. neutral. More information is needed to answer this question. 2. When the temperature is decreased the equilibrium constant,
K
: increases. decreases. remains the same. More information is needed to answer this question. 3. When the temperature is decreased the equilibrium concentration of
CoCl 4
2−
: increases. decreases. remains the same. More information is needed to answer this question. At high temperature the red color is strong. At low temperature the gas has less color. If we represent the equilibrium as:
2NO 2
(g)⇌N 2
O 4
(g)
We can conclude that: 1. This reaction is exothermic. endothermic. neutral. More information is needed to answer this question. 2. When the temperature is decreased the equilibrium constant,
K
: increases. decreases. remains the same. More information is needed to answer this question. 3. When the temperature is decreased the equilibrium concentration of
N 2
O 4
: increases. decreases. remains the same. More information is needed to answer this question. At high temperature the red color is strong. At low temperature the gas has less color. If we represent the equilibrium as:
N 2
O 4
(g)⇌2NO 2
(g)
We can conclude that: 1. This reaction is exothermic. endothermic. neutral. More information is needed to answer this question. 2. When the temperature is increased the equilibrium constant,
K
: increases. decreases. remains the same, More information is needed to answer this question. 3. When the temperature is increased the equilibrium concentration of
N 2
O 4
: increases. decreases. remains the same. More information is needed to answer this question.
For a first reaction its exothermic reaction ,increases, decreases.
For second reaction its exothermic reaction, increases, decreases.
For third reaction its endothermic reaction , increases, decreases.
What principle underlies Le Chatelier?
Le Chatelier's principles, sometimes known as the equilibrium law, allow for the prediction of a system in chemical equilibrium (such as the change in temperature or pressure).
The equilibrium position moves to the right at low temperatures.
Please see the accompanying file for a more thorough explanation.
CoCl₄²⁻ (aq) ⇆ Co²⁺ + 4Cl⁻
1. Exothermic -
At low temp, the position of equilibrium shifts to right side and forms more pink color.
when the temp decreases. the K increases
[tex]K = \frac{[Co^{2+} ][Clx^{-} ]^{4} }{CoCl_{4} ^{2-} }[/tex]
2. At low temperature, more Co²⁺ produces and K values will increase as equilibrium shifts towards right.
Higher [Co²⁺] = Hugh K value
3. When temperature decreases the concentration of CoCl₄²⁻ decreases.
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Calculatethe rms speed of an oxygen molecule at 0∘C anddetermine how many times per second it would move back and forth across a 5.0-m-long room on average, assuming it made no collisions with other molecules.
The RMS speed of an oxygen molecule at 0° temperature is 14.5971m/sec and it move 0.342 times per second back and forth.
We know that RMS speed of molecule is given by the formula=√(3RT /M)
where R is the gas constant,
T is the temperature of molecule
and M is the molecular mass of the molecule.
Now,for oxygen molecule,we know that oxygen have =32g/mol,and temperature in kelvin is C+273=0+273=273K.
So,on putting the value in above formula
=>RMS speed=√(3 × 8.314× 273) / 32
=>RMS speed=√6809.166/32
=>RMS speed=√212.786
=>RMS speed=14.5871m/sec
Now,we need to apply the distance-speed formula for calculating the time.
We have distance as 5m,speed as 14.5871m/sec and t=?;
5=14.5871 × t
=>t=5/14.5871
=>t=0.342sec
Hence, RMS speed is 14.5871m/sec and oxygen molecule will travel back and froth 0.342 times in 1 sec .
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Carlos rides his bike away from the school at a constant speed. Explain what a
distance-time graph for this type of motion
would look like.
The slope of a distance-time graph for this motion will have a straight line to represent that the object in motion is at a constant speed.
What is a distance-time graph?A distance-time graph depicts how far an object has traveled in a specified amount of time. It is a simple line graph that depicts distance versus time findings. The Y-axis represents distance. On the X-axis, time is plotted.
The slope of the distance-time graph should always be constant because the bike is moving at a constant speed. As a result, the graph will be a straight line through the origin.
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the cloth shroud from around a mummy is found to have a 14c14c activity of 10.0 disintegrations per minute per gram of carbon as compared with living organisms that undergo 16.3 disintegrations per minute per gram of carbon. part a from the half-life for 14c14c decay, 5715 yryr , calculate the age of the shroud.
Shroud's vintage t=4.28×10 3yr If the cloth veil from a mummy has a 14C14C energy of 10.0 disintegrations for minute per kg of carbon in comparison to live things that experience
What exactly is state disintegration?When a government is no longer in effective control, the third component necessary for a state to exist, state structures appear to fall apart. Diverse regions of the nation's borders may be affected by this at varying intensities.
t = k1 ln N 0N t t = - dfrac 1 1.21 times 10-4 text year 1 ln dfrac 9.7 16.3
t=1.21104 yr1 1 ln 16.39.7 t = 4.28times 103 textyr
t=4.28×10 3 yr
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∆Hrxn for a particular chemical reaction is –85 kJ. Which of the following is true?
A. The reaction releases energy as it occurs, and the energy level of the products is less than the energy level of the reactants.
B. The reaction absorbs energy as it occurs, and the energy level of the products is less than the energy level of the reactants.
C. The reaction releases energy as it occurs, and the energy level of the products is greater than the energy level of the reactants.
D. The reaction absorbs energy as it occurs, and the energy level of the products is greater than the energy level of the reactants.
The energy level of the products is lower than the energy level of the reactants, and energy is released throughout the reaction. (Option A)
What is meant by an exothermic reaction?Chemical processes known as exothermic reactions generate heat. When heat is transferred from the system to its surroundings, as described, the heat flow q is considered negative. Therefore, the H of reaction is negative for exothermic reaction processes.
Why is exothermic reaction negative?Therefore, a reaction is exothermic and its enthalpy will be negative if it releases more energy than it takes in. Consider this as a certain quantity of heat evaporating from (or being removed from) the reaction. Endothermic reactions have positive enthalpies because they absorb or use more energy than they produce.
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Read the temperatures shown to the nearest 0.5°C
Answer: 37.0 and 42.5
The temperatures shown to the nearest 0.5°C is 42.5°C.
What is temperature?Temperature is the measurement of the coldness or hotness of a substances or object or place.The instrument used to measure temperature is termed as Thermometer.°C (Celsius):
°C (Celsius) is the measurement of Temperature on the Celsius scale .This is one of the S.I systems of temp. measurement.The other scale used to measure Temperature is Kelvin scale.The units of °C (Celsius) is marked on the thermometer as shown in the image.0°C (Celsius) is equal to 273.15 KHence, as per the given image the temperatures shown to the nearest 0.5°C is 42.5°C.
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how many ml of 2.50%(m/v) salt solution would contain 1.80 g of salt? note: answer to 2 significant figures only and no units!
Answer:
180 ml
Explanation:
in general, real gases behave most ideally at pressures and temperatures. the behavior of real gases can be described using the van der waals equation
Molecule move quickly at high temperatures & low pressures. These intermolecular attractive forces diminish as a consequence, and the real gas starts to behave like that of an ideal gas.
What is an example of ideal gas?Many gases, including gas, oxygen, hydrogen, noble metals, some denser hydrocarbons like atmospheric co2, and combinations like air, can be classified as ideal gases if certain parameters are kept within reasonable bounds over a wide range of temperatures and pressures.
What is the ideal gas worth?Whenever the pressure is expressed in kPa, the real gases standard is found to be 8.314J/Kmol. The pressure, quantity, temperature, & number of molecules of an ideal gas are all related by a single equation known as the ideal gas law.
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What is the frequency of a photon of light (in Hz) that has an energy of 3.75 × 10-21 J?
5.66 × 1012 Hz
3.75 × 10-21 Hz
2.48 × 10-54 Hz
1.77 × 10-13 Hz
The energy of a photon is hv. Where h is plank's constant and v be the frequency. The frequency of a photon with an energy of 3.75 × 10⁻²¹ J is 5.66 × 10¹² Hz.
What is frequency?Frequency of a wave is the number of wave cycles per unit time. It is the inverse of the time period. Thus, has a unit of s⁻¹ which is equivalent to Hz.
Frequency of a wave is directly proportional to the energy.
The energy of a photon = hv
h is the planck constant = 6.62 × 10⁻34 J.s
Given the energy of a photon = 3.75 × 10⁻²¹ J
Thus, frequency = energy/planck's constant
= 3.75 × 10⁻²¹ J/ 6.62 × 10⁻34 J.s
= 5.66 × 10¹² Hz.
Therefore, the frequency of the photon is 5.66 × 10¹² Hz.
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Rank the compounds in each of the following groups in order of increasing acidity or basicity, as indicated, and explain the order you assign. (a) acidity: HCl, HBr, HI
(b) acidity: NaHSO3, NaHSeO3, NaHSO4
(c) basicity: Mg(OH)2, Si(OH)4, NaOH
(d) acidity: HF, H2O, NH3, CH4
(e) acidity: HOCI, HOCIO, HOCIO2, HOCIO3
The compounds in each of the following groups in order of increasing acidity or basicity, as indicated are basicity: Mg(OH)2,NaOH and Si(OH)4.
The base MgOH are more weaker as compared to that of the NaOH as these are really less in electronic configuration and has the lowest electrons in NaOH is eventually more stronger than all bases as it has the best conjugation basics property that defines the basic structure and strength.
The NaOH is stronger among all as it is having higher basic properties that's fir the basicity of any base. The Si(OH)4 are the basic that has the lesser basic properties than that of the NaOH and MgOH.
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Which of the following accurately describes minerals? A) When a food is burned, all the minerals are found in the ash. B) The body absorbs each mineral from foods in much the same way. C) Minerals in food can be destroyed by acid. D) The body needs about 200 milligrams of each trace mineral each day. E) Major minerals are more important than trace minerals.
When a food is burned, all the minerals are found in the ash. Therefore, the correct option is option A which accurately describes minerals among all the given options.
What is mineral?A mineral is unique from its synthetic analogues, which must be generated through natural processes by definition. Artificial minerals, such as emeralds, diamond, sapphires, and other expensive gemstones, are routinely made in industry and scientific facilities and are frequently almost similar to their biological counterparts.
There are thousands of known mineral species, with around 100 of them constituting the primary dissolved minerals of rocks; they are known as rock-forming minerals. When a food is burned, all the minerals are found in the ash.
Therefore, the correct option is option A.
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Which of the following has the largest percent by mass of carbon?
a. CaCO3
b. CO2
c. NaHCO3
d. CH4
The largest percent composition by mass of carbon is d)CH₄ .So,correct option is d.
We need to calculate the molecular mass of each of the compound and then check how much by mass carbon is present in the compound.
a)Molecular mass of calcium carbonate (CaCO₃) is =40+12+3ˣ16=100g
Now,we know that carbon has molecular mass=12g
So,percentage composition of carbon in CaCO₃=(12/100)ˣ100=12%
b)Similarly,molecular mass of carbon dioxide (CO₂)=44g
So,percentage composition of carbon in carbon dioxide is =(12/44)ˣ100=27.27%
c)Molecular mass of Sodium bicarbonate(NaHCO₃)=23+1+12+3ˣ16=84g
So,percentage composition of carbon in NaHCO₃=(12/84)ˣ100=12.85%
d)Molecular mass of methane(CH₄)=12+4ˣ1=16g
So, percentage composition of carbon in methane=(12/16)ˣ100=75%
We can see that by mass largest amount of carbon is present in methane(CH₄).
Hence,correct option is d.
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(Complete question) is:
Which of the following has the largest percent by mass of carbon?
a)CaCO₃
b)CO₂
c)NaHCO₃
d)CH₄
Compound A decomposed to form compound B and c I. A first order reaction at 250c° the rate constants for the reaction is 0.45,what is the half life of compound A ?
The half-life of a reaction is the time it takes for the concentration of a reactant to decrease to half its initial value. In a first-order reaction, the rate of the reaction is directly proportional to the concentration of the reactant. This means that the rate of the reaction depends on the concentration of compound A.
To calculate the half-life of compound A, you can use the equation:
half-life = (ln(2)) / k
where k is the rate constant for the reaction.
Plugging in the values given in the question, we get:
half-life = (ln(2)) / 0.45
This simplifies to:
half-life = 1.44 / 0.45
Which gives us a final result of:
half-life = 3.2 hours
So the half-life of compound A at 250°C is approximately 3.2 hours.
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How many photons are contained in a flash of green light (525 nm) that
contains 189 kJ of total energy?
The flash of green light 525 nm that contains 189kJ of total energy is 2.39 ×10^29 photons.
The formula below gives the energy EE of a single photon of wavelength lambda.
E = hc/λ, where c is the speed of light and h is the plank constant, with a value of 6.62607015 ×10^34.
To determine the overall number of photons n in a green light flash (525 mm) with a total energy of 189 kJ.
We'll apply the following formula.
n= Et/ E
When we enter the given values into the formula, we see that n= Et/E.
= [tex]\frac{189 *10^3}{6.62607015 *10^−34 × 3*10^8}/ 525 *10^-3[/tex]
Therefore, there are 2.39 ×10^29 photons in a green light with 189 kJ of energy.
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how to find the average atomic mass from a data table
The average atomic mass of the element, given the data in the table is 39.095 amu
How do I determine the average atomic mass?From isotopy, we understood that the average atomic mass of elements existing in various isotopic form can be determined by the formula:
Average atomic mass = [(Mass of 1st × 1st%) / 100] + [(Mass of 2nd × 2nd%) / 100] + [(Mass of 3rd × 3rd%) / 100]
Where
1st, 2nd and 3rd are the isotopes of the element1st%, 2nd% and 3rd% are the abundance of each isotopesNow, we shall determine the average atomic mass of the element in the table as follow:
Mass of 1st = 38.96Abundance of 1st (1st%) = 93.26%Mass of 2nd = 39.96Abundance of 2nd (2nd%) = 0.01%Mass of 3rd = 40.96Abundance of 3rd (3rd%) = 6.73%Average atomic mass =?Average atomic mass = [(Mass of 1st × 1st%) / 100] + [(Mass of 2nd × 2nd%) / 100] + [(Mass of 3rd × 3rd%) / 100]
Average atomic mass = [(38.96 × 93.26) / 100] + [(39.96 × 0.01) / 100] + [(40.96 × 6.73) / 100]
Average atomic mass = 36.334 + 0.004 + 2.757
Average atomic mass = 39.095 amu
Thhus, the average atomic mass is 39.095 amu
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All of the following statements are true except
A. The n = 2 energy level has no d orbitals.
B. The 2p orbital set can hold a maximum of 6 electrons.
C. The s orbital has a spherical shape.
D. There are five d orbitals in a d sublevel.
E. The third main energy level can have electrons in an f subshell.
Among all the statements, statement A is incorrect that is the n = 2 energy level has no d orbitals.
How to define atomic orbitals and quantum numbers?The angular momentum quantum number (l)- The orbital form is determined by this integer with the values l = 0, 1, 2,..., n - 1.
Because of this, an orbital with n = 1 can only have one value of l, l = 0, while an orbital with n = 2 can have both l = 0 and l = 1. The orbital's overall dimensions and energy are determined by the primary quantum number. The orbital's form is determined by the l value. Subshells are formed by orbitals with the same value of l. Additionally, the angular momentum of an electron in this orbital increases with the angular momentum quantum number.
The d orbitals are the orbitals with l = 2. Then, the value of l is -
I = n-1 = 2 -1 = 1
The p orbitals are represented by the value l = 1 and not the d orbitals.
Thus, statement A in incorrect.
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Why sulphuric acid is used in preparation of chrom alum ?!?
Answer:
it act has a catalyst
Explanation:
sulphuric acid is a catalyst that is used in the preparation of chrom alum
To make oxygen free the copper is heated in an atmosphere of hydrogen.
Explain how this will remove the oxygen.
Answer:
When copper is heated in an atmosphere of hydrogen, the hydrogen gas can react with the oxygen present on the surface of the copper to form water. This reaction is known as reduction. The equation for this reaction is:
2H2 + O2 → 2H2O
In this reaction, the oxygen atoms in the copper are reduced (i.e., they gain electrons) and the hydrogen atoms are oxidized (i.e., they lose electrons). As a result, the oxygen is removed from the surface of the copper, leaving it oxygen-free.
This process is often used to purify copper and remove impurities, such as oxygen, that may be present on the surface of the metal. It is also used to produce high-purity copper for use in electrical and electronic applications, where the presence of oxygen can affect the conductivity of the metal.
Which of the following compounds contains both ionic and covalent bonds?A SO3B C2H5OHC MgF2D H2SE NH4Cl
The bonds ionic and covalent are in the NH4Cl as it has the one ionic bond and 3 covalent bonds.
There is definitely a coordinate bond (that's definitely a type of covalent bond wherein handiest one of the collaborating atoms donate each in their electrons to shape a covalent bond) among lone pair of nitrogen in ammonia(NH3) and a proton(H+ ion),which as a result creates an ammonium ion(NH4+).
Further this ammonium ion because of a high quality fee bureaucracy an ionic bond with chloride ion(Cl–).So definitely there are:-3 natural covalent bonds in NH3.a coordinate bond(which is likewise a covalent bond) among NH3 (ammonia)and H+ ion(proton).And of route an ionic bond among NH4+ (ammonium ion) and Cl–(chloride ion).Read more about ionic;
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what is the name of (CH3CH2)2COHCH3
The name of the compound (CH3CH2)2COHCH3 is butane-2,3-diol.
The compound is an alcohol, which means it contains a hydroxyl (-OH) group. The prefix "butane-" indicates that it has four carbon atoms in a straight chain, and the suffix "-diol" indicates that it contains two hydroxyl groups. The prefix "2,3-" specifies the positions of the hydroxyl groups on the carbon chain.
Butane-2,3-diol is also known by other names, including 2,3-butanediol, 2,3-dihydroxybutane, and 1,4-butanediol. It is a colorless, viscous liquid that is used in the production of plastics, solvents, and other chemicals.
The name of (CH3CH2)2COHCH3 compound is butane- 2,3- diol.
What is butane- 2,3- diol ?The organic substance 2,3-butanediol has the formula (CH3CHOH)2. It falls under the vic-diol category. It exists as a chiral pair, three stereoisomers, and a meso isomer. All liquids are colorless. Precursors for various polymers and insecticides are examples of applications.
A butanediol with hydroxylation at C-2 and C-3 is known as butane-2,3-diol. It is a secondary alcohol, a glycol, and a butanediol.
Among its many possible uses are the production of printing inks, perfumes, synthetic rubber, fumigants, antifreeze agents, fuel additives, foodstuffs, and pharmaceuticals. 2,3-Butanediol (2,3-BD) is a promising bulk chemical.
Alcohols classified as primary have just one alkyl group on which the carbon atom of the hydroxyl group (OH) is connected. These major alcohols include, for instance, ethanol, methanol (propanol),
Thus, The name of (CH3CH2)2COHCH3 compound is butane- 2,3- diol.
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for the tlc experiment: compounds that have the affinity for the stationary phase and affinity for the mobile phase will travel the furthest.
According to the tlc experiment, chemicals that have a low affinity for the stationary phase and a high affinity for the mobile phase will go the farthest.
A compound example is defined.A material that has been chemically linked by the joining of two or more distinct components. Sea salt (NaCl), which itself is derived first from elements sodium and chloride, as water (H2O), which is created from the components hydrogen and oxygen are two such examples of compounds.
Give an explanation of compounds.Any material composed of two or more separate chemical elements mixed together in a certain proportion is called a compound. The interaction of the elements creates chemical connections that are hard to break. Shared or exchanged electrons between atoms cause the formation of these bonds.
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Using general tendencies and the chart given in the introduction, predict the most likely mode of decay of each of the following radioactive isotopes. Drag the appropriate items to their respective bins.
A neutron that transforms into a proton is the mode of decay that a neutron-rich nucleus will experience most frequently. Every radioactive isotope with a neutron content less than 83 decays by an electron.
How can the decay modes of an isotope be predicted?Beta decay will occur in isotopes with a N/Z ratio greater than 1, which translates to an overabundance of neutrons. Stable nuclei for elements with increased atomic numbers can be found at N/Z ratios more than 1 and as high as 1.5.
What are the alpha, beta, and gamma kinds of radioactive decay?The nucleus loses two protons during alpha decay. The nucleus either acquires or loses a proton during beta decay. No change occurs in gamma decay the atom does not change into a new element because of an increase in proton number.
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the addition of hbr to some alkenes gives a mixture of the expected alkyl bromide and an isomer formed by rearrangement outline the mechanism of formation and strcutres of products form the reaction of hbr with
Alkyl halides are produced by adding HBr to alkenes.The pi bond of the alkene functions as a weak nucleophile & reacts with electrophilic proton of HBr, which is a helpful way to conceptualize the reaction.
How intermediates are involved in the bromination or alkene and what is the reaction mechanism?A 3-membered ring intermediate is produced as a result of the alkene acting as a nucleophile in this reaction and attacking the electrophilic bromine.The carbon that is most capable of stabilizing positive charge then is attacked from of the back side [akin to a backside attack inside the SN2 Mechanism] to produce the trans product.
Which one of the following statements accurately describes how an alkene and HBr react when peroxide is present?The free-radical mechanism governs the addition reaction with HBr to an asymmetrical alkene inside the presence of peroxide.Here, an alkene interacts with a bromine radical to make an anti-Markovnikov product.
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Below, energy is plotted as a function of reaction progress for a catalyzed and uncatalyzed chemical reaction. Assign the terms to their corresponding features in the figure. Which curve in the plot represents the catalyzed reaction? O the blue (top) curve O the green (bottom) curve
The green bottom curve represents the catalysed reaction.
It is common practise to use catalysed reactions to quicken a particular chemistry's progress. The catalyst's main function is to offer the reaction a different, lower-energy pathway.
In a catalysed reaction, the reactant molecules readily pass the activation energy barrier and produce products. As a result, the activation energy of an uncatalyzed reaction is higher than the activation energy of a catalysed reaction.
For catalyzed reaction activation energy lower than uncatalyzed reaction. The complexity of the collisions necessary to reach a transition state means that without the catalyst, the Ce4+ ions and Tl+ ions must directly react in a termolecular reaction, which will be substantially slower.
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Which of the following reactions releases most energy to the surroundings?
A Reaction energy change = -456 kJ
B Reaction energy change = +547 kJ
C Reaction energy change = -38 kJ
D Reaction energy change = +1456 kJ
Also give reason
The Reaction energy change = -456 kJ releases most energy to the surroundings. Option A is correct here
What is a chemical reaction?In a chemical reaction, one or more substances—also known as reactants—are changed into one or more additional substances—also known as products. Chemical elements or chemical compounds make up substances.
Chemical reactions are the processes by which a substance or substances change chemically to create a new substance or substances with entirely new attributes. The most energy is released into the environment via the reaction energy change, which is -456 kJ.
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C=3×10(8)m/s, 1eV=1.6×10(-19)J , RH=1.079×10(7)m-1, 1nm=10(-9)m, 1A°=10(- 10)m, h=6.63×10(-34)J.s
The radioactivity A of a drop of iodine I-131 if the mass of the drop is 1.5 g and the period is 13h is:
The radioactivity A of a drop of iodine I-131 if the mass of the drop is 1.5 g and the period is 13h is: 1.29 x 10^(-11) disintegrations/second.
What is radioactivity?Generally, To find the radioactivity of a drop of iodine I-131, you will need to use the following formula:
A = (N/M) * ln(2) / T
where:
N is the number of atoms in the sampleM is the atomic mass of the isotopeln(2) is the natural logarithm of 2T is the half-life of the isotopeTo use this formula, you will need to know the atomic mass of I-131, which is about 130.906 amu, and its half-life, which is about 8.04 days. You will also need to convert the mass of the drop from grams to atomic mass units, which can be done by dividing the mass by the atomic mass of carbon-12 (12 amu).
First, convert the period from hours to seconds:
13 hours = 13 * 60 minutes/hour * 60 seconds/minute
= 5,040 seconds
Then, convert the period from seconds to days:
5,040 seconds = 5,040 seconds / (24 hours/day * 60 minutes/hour * 60 seconds/minute)
= 0.6 days
Then, calculate the half-life in seconds:
8.04 days = 8.04 days * 24 hours/day * 60 minutes/hour * 60 seconds/minute
= 691,840 seconds
Then, use the formula above to calculate the radioactivity:
A = (N/M) * ln(2) / T = (N/130.906 amu) * ln(2) / (691,840 seconds)
= (1.5 g / 12 amu) * ln(2) / (691,840 seconds)
= 0.125 * ln(2) / (691,840 seconds)
= 0.08867 * (1/691,840 seconds)
= 1.29 x 10^(-11) disintegrations/second
So the radioactivity of the drop of iodine I-131 is approximately 1.29 x 10^(-11) disintegrations/second.
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For a particular process, q = 25 kJ and w = –15 kJ. Which of the following statement(s) is/are true?
A. Work is done by the system on the surroundings.
B. The temperature of the surroundings increases.
C. The internal energy of the system increases.
D. The process is exothermic.
E. Statements A and B are true.
F. Statements A and C are true.
G. Statements C and D are true.
For the given question, statements A and B are true. So, Option E is correct as the work done given is negative.
How to calculate the work done with respect to the surroundings?According to the First Law of Thermodynamics, energy can only be changed from one form to another through the interplay of heat, work, and internal energy. Under no circumstances can energy be created or destroyed. It can be represented as:
ΔU = q + w
where,
ΔU = Total internal energy of the system
q = the heat that is transferred from a system to its surroundings
w = work done on the system or by the system
It is given in the question that q = 25 kJ and w = -15 KJ
So we get from the above equation-
ΔU = 25 - 15 = 10 KJ
The negative amount of heat that the environment has absorbed will be the value of internal energy.
Thus, the negative sign of work done shows that the work is done by the system on the surroundings while increasing the temperature of the surroundings.
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