The legal status of the statements on the Burns University website would likely be considered "puff."
In contract law, statements can be categorized as "puff," "representation," or "term." A "puff" is a statement that is exaggerated or promotional in nature, typically used as a sales pitch, and not intended to be taken as a factual representation. Puffs are generally not legally binding.
In the context of the Burns University website, the statements that try to convince people to enroll in courses are likely exaggerated claims aimed at promoting the school and attracting students. They are not intended to be factual representations of what the students will actually learn or achieve. Therefore, these statements would fall under the category of "puff" and would not be considered legally binding terms in a contract.
It's important to note that contract law can vary by jurisdiction, and specific circumstances may alter the legal analysis. Consulting with a legal professional in the relevant jurisdiction would provide the most accurate and specific guidance.
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GAAP identifies several levels of influence or control of equity investment. If Company A owns
10% of the outstanding voting stocks of Company B, which level of influence or control is in evidence?
A) Passive investment
B) Significant Influence
C) Control
D) Consolidation
If Company A owns 10% of the outstanding voting stocks of Company B, passive control level of influence or control is in evidence. The right answer is A.
The manner of accounting for a private investment is determined by the degree of investor influence a firm has in a transaction. Depending on how much influence the investor has over the investment, several accounting methods are used. In a business they own or have invested in, an investor may have a majority or minority stake.
When the investor owns less than 20% of the stock of the company, they have a minority passive ownership interest. They are unable to significantly affect the company as a result.
The correct answer is option A.
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assume that banks lend out all their excess reserves. currently, the total reserves that banks hold equal $32.8 billion. if the federal reserve decreases its reserve requirement from 8.2 percent to 5 percent, then there is potential for the whole banking system to raise the money supply by:
Total reserves = $32.8 billion. Reserve requirement (R) decreases from 8.2% to 5%. We need to find the potential for the whole banking system to raise the money supply.
First, let's calculate the initial required reserves:
Initial required reserves = 8.2% * $32.8 billion = $2.6896 billion
Now, calculate the initial excess reserves:
Initial excess reserves = $32.8 billion - $2.6896 billion = $30.1104 billion
Next, let's calculate the potential deposit expansion multiplier:
Deposit expansion multiplier = 1 / Reserve requirement ratio
For the initial reserve requirement:
Initial deposit expansion multiplier = 1 / 8.2% = 12.1951
For the final reserve requirement:
Final deposit expansion multiplier = 1 / 5% = 20
Finally, we can calculate the potential increase in the money supply:
Potential increase in the money supply = Excess reserves * (Final deposit expansion multiplier - Initial deposit expansion multiplier)
Potential increase in the money supply = $30.1104 billion * (20 - 12.1951) = $30.1104 billion * 7.8049
Potential increase in the money supply ≈ $235.1 billion
The total reserves are $32.8 billion and the required reserve ratio has changed to 5%, the money multiplier will be: SMM = 1/R = 1/0.05 = 20. Therefore, the potential for the whole banking system to raise the money supply is:$32.8 billion x 20 = $656 billion. An increase in the money supply is $656 billion.
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Question 1 (A) The accountant of Universe Manufacturing collected the following information: The balance as per bank statement is $3,324.50 on 30 June 2020. On this date, the balance of the company's book is $3,536.50. In addition, the accountant found the following items: a. Deposits in transit $1,550 b. Outstanding checks: $845 c. Bank statement shows a bank collection from bill receivables $2,400 d. Bank statement shows Interest received of $240 e. Bank service charge in the bank statement is $737 f. Bank statement shows NSF check: $1,410,00
A. Bank Reconciliation Statement for Universe Manufacturing Bank Reconciliation Statement as of 30 June 2020 Balance as per bank statement $3,324.50 Add: Deposits in transit $1,550 4,874.50 Less: Outstanding checks $845 4,029.50 Adjusted balance per bank statement $4,029.50 Balance as per book $3,536.50 Add: Bank collection from Bill Receivable $2,400 5,936.50 Less: NSF check $1,410.00 4,526.50 Adjusted balance per book $4,526.50 The reconciliation of the bank statement for Universe Manufacturing is shown above. The adjusted balance per bank statement is $4,029.50 and the adjusted balance per book is $4,526.50.
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Which type of power is based on an individual's personal charisma? a coercive b reward c referent d.legitimate
Referent power is based on an individual's personal charisma. Option C is the correct answer.
A leader with good interpersonal interaction abilities will command respect, or referent power. As management in organizations becomes more about cooperation and influence instead of about command and control, referent power as a component of personal authority becomes increasingly significant. Option C is the correct answer.
Referent power in an organizational environment is most readily seen when there is a charismatic leader who succeeds at making people feel at ease in their presence. Typically, employees describe their enthusiasm for their jobs in terms of their attraction to their leader's charisma and personal qualities. They commit to their job because the leader is likeable, and they depend on the leader's approval for their sense of achievement and self-worth.
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The price of oil has been spiking in recent months in response to concerns that the war in Ukraine will significantly reduce supply of oil in the future. The price of U.S. crude oil jumped to a 13-year high of US$130 on March 6, 2022. Furthermore, in a monthly report, the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) has forecasted that there will be an increase in oil demand and this will continue to push oil prices higher. (OPEC, May 2022). a) Use the supply and demand diagrams for oil to illustrate the impact on the oil price as discussed above. Explain your answers. (6 marks)
The price of oil is determined by the forces of supply and demand. The recent spike in oil prices is due to the fear of supply shortage caused by the ongoing war in Ukraine. According to the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC), there will be an increase in oil demand, which will further drive oil prices higher.
Supply and demand curves are tools used in economics to understand how the market works. The demand curve shows the quantity of a product that consumers are willing to buy at different prices, while the supply curve shows the quantity of the same product that producers are willing to supply at different prices. The point at which the two curves intersect is called the equilibrium point. At this point, the quantity demanded is equal to the quantity supplied.In the oil market, when there is an increase in demand, the demand curve shifts to the right. This causes the price to increase and the quantity demanded to increase.
However, the quantity supplied remains the same. This results in a shortage of oil, which leads to an increase in oil prices. Conversely, when there is a decrease in demand, the demand curve shifts to the left. This causes the price to decrease and the quantity demanded to decrease. The quantity supplied remains the same, resulting in a surplus of oil and a decrease in oil prices.In conclusion, the recent spike in oil prices is due to the fear of supply shortage caused by the ongoing war in Ukraine. The Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) has forecasted an increase in oil demand, which will further drive oil prices higher. The supply and demand curves help us understand how the market works and the impact of changes in supply and demand on oil prices.
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of the bonds listed below the weakest bond is _______ and the strongest is ________. a strong bond is a (stable / unstable) bond
A specific set of bonds to assess in order to determine the strength or weakness of a certain bond. But generally speaking, a "junk bond" or a bond with a low credit rating, denoting a greater chance of default, would be the weakest bond.
In order to make up for the higher risk, these bonds are issued by organisations or firms with poorer creditworthiness and come with higher interest rates.
On the other hand, a "government bond" issued by a financially sound government with a high credit rating is usually the strongest bond. Due to the lower risk of default, these bonds are seen as safer investments and are frequently used as a benchmark for other bonds.
A strong bond is often associated with stability in terms of
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Sipho Dlamini was born in a small rural village in Swaziland. He spent his childhood years looking after his family's livestock. The community upheld high values, such as honesty and respect, but the people were desperately poor. He realized that he would have to go to South Africa and apply for a job at a gold mine. As a young man, Sipho left his village in the mountains and took on the difficult job of getting to South Africa. He went in search of one of his distant family members, who was working for a gold mine near Johannesburg as a personnel assistant. He managed to find his relative, who managed to find him a job as a general mine worker and accommodation in one of the mine hostels. Sipho was dedicated to his work, and time passed quickly. Every month, he forwarded most of his wages to his family in Swaziland. One day Sipho's family member called him into his office and informed him that he was due for promotion. He also told Sipho that he would be required to pay him R500.00 (about $60) for his "efforts." This arrangement seemed strange to Sipho as he knew that it was not in line with company procedures. When Sipho asked about this, the personnel assistant replied that he had the authority to do so and that Sipho would not be promoted if he did not pay the R500. Sipho returned to his room and wrestled with the options before him that night. He had grown up with strong personal values, which included honesty and hard work, but his family needed the extra income. What was he to do? After a restless night, he returned the next day to the personnel assistant's office and handed him the R500. He was immediately promoted, but he returned to his room with a troubled mind. A few weeks later, the personnel assistant was reported and investigated for fraudulent behavior. He was suspended from work, and the investigation revealed all his corrupt activities. The record he had kept on all employees who paid bribes to him was also found. All employees on this list were called in and charged with fraud. Sipho's name was on the list, and he was found guilty and dismissed from the service of the company along with all the others. Questions 1. What should Sipho have done differently? 2. In what way could the mine management have provided support to him prior to his wrongful act? 3. How would you have acted had you been in a similar situation?
Sipho could have taken the moral high road and refused to pay the bribe and, instead, reported the personnel assistant to the management, and could have requested that an investigation be carried out into the matter. This would have revealed the corrupt activities of the personnel assistant, and also the fact that Sipho had not paid the bribe.
Sipho should have protected his integrity and morals, even though his family needed the extra income. In this situation, the management of the mine could have provided support to Sipho by ensuring that their employees are well aware of the company policies and procedures regarding any transactions that take place within the organization. The mine management could have provided training and education sessions to their employees, to help them understand the implications of bribery, and the possible consequences of engaging in such activities. The management could also have offered a whistle-blowing policy, whereby employees could report any suspicious activities that are taking place within the organization, without fear of any negative repercussions. If I were in a similar situation, I would have refused to pay the bribe, and instead reported the personnel assistant to the management, and asked for an investigation to be carried out. I would also have ensured that I have an open and honest communication channel with my family, to explain the situation and the reason why I had taken the decision not to pay the bribe.
The story of Sipho is a moral dilemma that many people face in their lives. It is important to stand up for what is right, even if it comes at a cost. Companies need to create a culture of integrity and honesty within their organizations, to ensure that all employees are well aware of their ethical obligations. By providing support to employees, companies can help them make the right decisions, and can also help to prevent corrupt activities from taking place within the organization.
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Suppose a coffee's price is $5, and the marginal cost for each coffee shop is given by MC=Q. Moreover, suppose that 1 million coffees are sold. A. How many coffee shops will exist in the long run? B. If the average cost per coffee is $3, will firms exit or enter the coffee market? C. What is the average cost per coffee in the long run?
A. The number of coffee shops in the long run will be determined by the relationship between marginal cost and average cost.
B. Firms will enter the coffee market if the average cost per coffee is below the price.
C. The average cost per coffee in the long run cannot be determined without additional information on the relationship between marginal cost and average cost.
To determine the answers, we need to analyze the long-run equilibrium conditions in the coffee market.
A. In the long run, the number of coffee shops will adjust to achieve economic equilibrium. In perfect competition, firms will enter or exit the market until economic profits are driven to zero. In this case, the marginal cost (MC) equals quantity (Q), indicating constant returns to scale. Therefore, the long-run equilibrium will occur when each coffee shop is operating at its minimum efficient scale, which is the point where MC equals average cost (AC). To find the number of coffee shops, we need additional information on the relationship between MC and AC.
B. If the average cost per coffee is $3 and the price of coffee is $5, firms will earn positive economic profits. This situation will attract new firms to enter the market, seeking to capitalize on the profit opportunity. As more firms enter, the supply of coffee will increase, which could eventually drive down the price and increase the average cost. This process will continue until economic profits are reduced to zero, and the market reaches long-run equilibrium.
C. The average cost per coffee in the long run depends on the specific relationship between MC and AC. Without this information, it is not possible to determine the exact average cost per coffee in the long run.
In summary, in the long run, the number of coffee shops will adjust to achieve equilibrium, firms will enter the market if average cost per coffee is below the price, and the average cost per coffee in the long run cannot be determined without additional information on the MC and AC relationship.
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8 If investor's revise their expectations and now expect that Canada's inflation rate will increase over the next ten years, what impact will this have on the slope of the yield curve? Briefly explain #I X
The slope of the yield curve will get steeper.
The yield curve is a line that depicts the yields of bonds with varying maturities.
It shows the relationship between the bond’s interest rate and its maturity.
A yield curve can be upward-sloping, flat, or downward-sloping.
The slope of the yield curve has the potential to provide information on future economic growth and inflation.
Expected inflation is a critical driver of bond yields, especially for long-term bonds.
A yield curve that slopes upward reflects investors' expectations that interest rates will rise in the future.
This implies that short-term bonds will yield less interest than long-term bonds, resulting in a higher slope.
The slope of the yield curve is one of the key indicators of future inflation.
When investors revise their expectations of an increase in inflation rate, the slope of the yield curve will get steeper.
As a result, long-term bond yields will increase at a faster rate than short-term bond yields.
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Bond Y is a premium bond with a coupon rate of 8 percent. Bond Z is a discount bond with a coupon rate of 6.1 percent. Both bonds make annual payments and have a YTM of 7.1 percent, a par value of $1,000, and six years to maturity. Requirement 1: What is the current yield for Bond Y? For Bond Z? Requirement 2: If interest rates remain unchanged, what is the expected capital gains yield over the next year for Bond Y? For Bond Z? (Hint: find the value of the bond 1 year from today). Beeline Corporation just paid a dividend of $1.56. The dividends are expected to grow at 12 percent over the next five years. Thereafter, the dividends are expected to grow at 10.83 percent, 9.67 percent, 8.5 percent, 7.33 percent, and 6.17 percent for years 6 through 10. After this, the company expects the dividend to grow at a constant rate of 5 percent. Assume a market required return of 11 percent. Requirement 1: Construct a table that shows the dividend growth rate and dividends each year. Requirement 2: What is the value of the stock at year 10? (Hint: use the constant growth formula] Requirement 3: What is the stock price today?
Requirement 1: To calculate the current yield, we divide the annual coupon payment by the current market price of the bond.
For Bond Y: Coupon rate = 8%
YTM = 7.1%
Par value = $1,000
Since it is a premium bond, the market price will be higher than the par value.
Current yield = (Coupon payment / Market price) x 100
Since the coupon payment is 8% of the par value:
Coupon payment = 0.08 * $1,000 = $80
To find the market price, we need to use the present value formula or a financial calculator. Assuming the market price is $1,100:
Current yield for Bond Y = ($80 / $1,100) x 100 = 7.27%
For Bond Z: Coupon rate = 6.1%
YTM = 7.1%
Par value = $1,000
Since it is a discount bond, the market price will be lower than the par value.
Using the same calculations as above, let's assume the market price for Bond Z is $900:
Current yield for Bond Z = ($61 / $900) x 100 = 6.78%
Requirement 2: To calculate the expected capital gains yield over the next year, we need to find the expected change in the market price of the bond.
For Bond Y:
The capital gains yield is the difference between the expected price at the end of the year and the current price, divided by the current price.
Expected price at the end of the year = Current price + (Current price x YTM)
Expected capital gains yield for Bond Y = [(Expected price - Current price) / Current price] x 100
Let's assume the current price of Bond Y is $1,100:
Expected price at the end of the year = $1,100 + ($1,100 x 0.071) = $1,180.10
Expected capital gains yield for Bond Y = [($1,180.10 - $1,100) / $1,100] x 100 = 7.28%
For Bond Z: Using the same calculations as above, let's assume the current price of Bond Z is $900:
Expected price at the end of the year = $900 + ($900 x 0.071) = $963.90
Expected capital gains yield for Bond Z = [($963.90 - $900) / $900] x 100 = 7.1%
Requirement 1:
Here is the table showing the dividend growth rate and dividends each year for Beeline Corporation:
Year | Dividend Growth Rate | Dividend
-------------------------------------------
1 | 12.00% | $1.56
2 | 12.00% | $1.75
3 | 12.00% | $1.96
4 | 12.00% | $2.19
5 | 12.00% | $2.44
6 | 10.83% | $2.70
7 | 9.67% | $2.96
8 | 8.50% | $3.22
9 | 7.33% | $3.49
10 | 6.17% | $3.75
Requirement 2: To find the value of the stock at year 10, we can use the constant growth formula for the dividend discount model (DDM): Value = Dividend / (Required Rate of Return - Dividend Growth Rate)
Using the data from year 10: Dividend = $3.75
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Write your revisions in the box on the following page. Make up any necessary information. Original Email message Good morning. Although I hate to do it, we cannot offer bonuses this year due to declining sales. I'm sorry to disappoint you, especially during the holiday season. Better luck next year! Jay Question 6 1 pts Choose an appropriate salutation: To Team: Hello sales team: O Hey Team
The accurate email format for sending emails to the team is as follows which is concluded using the information given in question.
"
Dear Team,
I hope this email finds you well. I wanted to take a moment to address an important matter. Regrettably, due to the decline in sales this year, we will not be able to offer bonuses. I understand that this may come as a disappointment, particularly during the holiday season. However, I want to assure you that we value your hard work and dedication, and we remain optimistic about the coming year. Thank you for your understanding, and let's strive for greater success in the future!
Best regards,
Jay"
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Emma holds a $7,500 portfolio that consists of four stocks. Her investment in each stock, as well as each stock's beta, is listed in the following table: Stock Investment Beta Standard Deviation Omni Consumer Products Co. (OCP) $2,625 0.90 9.00% $1,500 1.90 11.50% Zaxatti Enterprises (ZE) Three Waters Co. (TWC) $1,125 1.15 18.00% Makissi Corp. (MC) $2,250 0.30 28.50% 1.4363 If the risk-free rate is e market risk premium is 5.5%, what is Emma's portfolio's beta and required return? Fill in the following table: 0.6415 0.8139 Required Return Emma's portfolio Three Waters Co. 1,333.00% 567.00% If the risk-free rate is 4% and the mark m is 5.5%, what is Emma's portfolio's beta and required return? Fill in the following table: 1,149.48% 9.27% Beta urn Emma's portfolio
Given that,Emma holds a $7,500 portfolio that consists of four stocks. Her investment in each stock, as well as each stock's beta.
The following table: Stock Investment Beta Standard Deviation Omni Consumer Products Co. (OCP) $2,625 0.90 9.00% $1,500 1.90 11.50% Zaxatti Enterprises (ZE) Three Waters Co. (TWC) $1,125 1.15 18.00% Makissi Corp. (MC) $2,250 0.30 28.50%. The risk-free rate is 4% and the market risk premium is 5.5%Calculation of portfolio beta: Calculation of expected return of the portfolio: Calculation of required return:Emma's portfolio's beta is 1.0156 and required return is 8.15%.Hence, Emma's portfolio's beta is 1.0156 and required return is 8.15%.
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missionary salespeople: group of answer choices work for retailers. are an essential part of the consumer products distribution channel. do not have any role to play in the business-to-business model. never directly contact consumers. frequently call on people who influence a buying decision but who do not actually place the order.
Missionary salespeople are frequently called on people who influence a buying decision but who do not actually place the order. Option d is correct.
They are an essential part of the consumer products distribution channel and their role is not in the business-to-business model. A missionary salesperson is a sales representative that educates consumers about the benefits of a product or service without directly selling it. Their main task is to influence the consumer to buy the product from a retailer.
They do not have any role to play in the business-to-business model as they directly contact consumers. They work for retailers and are an essential part of the consumer products distribution channel as they are responsible for creating demand for products.
Missionary salespeople frequently call on people who influence a buying decision but who do not actually place the order. They provide information about the product and create awareness in the minds of the consumer about the product's features and benefits.
Therefore, d is correct.
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Fervana Autos Inc., a large automobile company, made an initial small investment in a startup company that was developing a solar-powered car. This gave Fervana Autos controlling interests in the startup company. However, Fervana Autos had no obligations to make continued investments in the experiments of the startup company. It could invest in small amounts depending on the new product's success at each stage of its development. If the product proved to be successful, Fervana Autos would have the right to buyout the startup company. This approach to strategic alliance is referred to as _____.
Answer:
real options perspective
Explanation:
A real options perspective means that the investor has the right but not the obligation to invest in the other company, and/or has the right to buy it, but it is not required to do so. In this case, Fervana can invest if it considers it suitable or it can buy the start-up, buit it doesn't need to do anything if it doesn't want to.
Read the case carefully and identify the specific innovation variable that is suitable to the following sentences. FOR a company that looked doomed a decade ago, it has been quite a comeback. Today, Apple is literally an iconic company. Business Week Editor Peter recently talked about the nature of innovation with Steve Jobs (co-founder, Apple), who is back to work part-time after recovering from pancreatic cancer surgery. Here are edited excerpts of their conversation 2022/0579 D The system is that there is no system. That doesn't mean we don't have process. Apple is a much disciplined company, and we have great processes, but rules and regulations are quite simple, excessive planning is eliminated and our divisions are small. We hire people who want to make the best things in the world. You'd be surprised how hard people work around here They work nights and weekends, sometimes not seeing their families for a while. Sometimes people work through Christmas to make sure the tooling is just right at some factory in some corner of the world so our product comes out the best it can be. But innovation comes from people meeting up in the hallways or calling each other at 10:30 at night with a new idea. Its ad hoc meetings of six people called by someone who thinks he has figured out the coolest new thing ever and who wants to know what other people think of his idea. It's about encouraging staff to network, interact and share their ideas, knowledge and problems d....My employees are given time to do creative things and they are paid for it i.e. "Give people time they need". e. So I get to spend my time on the forward-looking stuff My top executives take half the other work off my plate. They love it, and I love it, I go to places and talk to people, view trends, and encourage them to contribute with some ideas.
Therefore, the specific innovation variable that is suitable to the following sentences is "Networking."The company's innovation process is about encouraging staff to network, interact and share their ideas, knowledge and problems.
Innovation is the cornerstone of Apple's success, and the firm's performance is due to a variety of factors, including efficient processes, a disciplined corporate structure, an emphasis on creativity, and networked collaboration among workers. Apple's innovative processes include a decentralized organizational structure, ad hoc meetings of small teams, and an emphasis on networked interaction among staff. The company also values creativity, giving employees time and resources to explore innovative ideas, and fosters a culture of collaboration by encouraging staff to share their knowledge, ideas, and problems. Finally, Apple's leadership team is dedicated to developing and promoting new ideas, trends, and products that meet the needs of consumers in an increasingly competitive and dynamic market.
Therefore, the specific innovation variable that is suitable to the following sentences is "Networking."The company's innovation process is about encouraging staff to network, interact and share their ideas, knowledge and problems. This means that employees are encouraged to collaborate and exchange ideas, both formally and informally, to generate creative solutions to problems and promote innovation within the organization. By fostering a culture of collaboration and open communication, Apple has been able to develop new products and services that meet the needs of consumers and stay ahead of competitors in the marketplace. This has been a key factor in the company's success and growth over the years.
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At May 31, 2020, the accounts of Hannifan Manufacturing Company show the following: 1. May 1 inventories-Finished Goods $12,720, Work in Process $18,250, and Raw Materials $8,500. 2. May 31 inventories-Finished Goods $15,580, Work in Process $17,910, and Raw Materials $7,420. 3. Debit postings to Work in Process were direct materials $54,620, direct labour $32,760, and manufacturing overhead applied $40,760. 4. Sales totalled $204,100. (a) Prepare a condensed cost of goods manufactured schedule.
The condensed cost of goods manufactured for Hannifan Manufacturing Company for the period ending May 31, 2020, is $128,480.
To prepare a condensed cost of goods manufactured schedule for Hannifan Manufacturing Company, we need to gather the relevant information and calculate the manufacturing costs incurred during the period.
Beginning inventories:
Finished Goods: $12,720
Work in Process: $18,250
Raw Materials: $8,500
Ending inventories:
Finished Goods: $15,580
Work in Process: $17,910
Raw Materials: $7,420
Direct cost postings to Work in Process:
Direct materials: $54,620
Direct labor: $32,760
Manufacturing overhead applied: $40,760
Sales: $204,100
To calculate the cost of goods manufactured, we start with the beginning work in process inventory and add the direct costs incurred during the period (direct materials, direct labor, and manufacturing overhead applied). This gives us the total manufacturing costs for the period. We then subtract the ending work in process inventory to determine the cost of goods manufactured.Condensed Cost of Goods Manufactured Schedule:Beginning Work in Process Inventory: $18,250
Add: Direct Materials: $54,620
Add: Direct Labor: $32,760
Add: Manufacturing Overhead Applied: $40,760
Total Manufacturing Costs: $146,390
Less: Ending Work in Process Inventory: $17,910
Cost of Goods Manufactured: $128,480
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Which of the following will NOT increase a firm's business risk: Select one: a. less stable product demand b. less stable prices for its own products c. less stable costs for its inputs d. faster obsolescence of its products
Faster obsolescence of its products. What is Business Risk Business risk can be defined as the possibility of a firm's operating income or profits being negatively affected by changes in the external and internal operating environment.
The correct answer to the given question is option d)
Business risk refers to the chance that a company's future cash flows will be affected by unexpected economic or other events. A firm's business risk is generally linked to its operating leverage, which refers to how much fixed expenses the firm has.Let us look at each option to understand which one of them will not increase a firm's business risk:a. less stable product demand - If the firm's product demand is less stable, it will increase business risk.b. less stable prices for its own products - If the prices for its own products are less stable, it will increase business risk.
Less stable costs for its inputs - If the cost for its inputs are less stable, it will increase business risk.d. faster obsolescence of its products - Faster obsolescence of its products may lead to reduced sales and declining profit margins. Therefore, it will increase business risk. is incorrect.Therefore, the option that will NOT increase a firm's business risk is option d) faster obsolescence of its products.
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explain how marginal analysis can help determine the profit-maximizing quantity for managers of monopolies, dominant firms, and monopolistically competitive firms.
Marginal analysis is a decision-making tool that involves evaluating the incremental changes or additions that occur when one more unit of a variable input is used.
It can be useful in determining the profit-maximizing quantity for managers of monopolies, dominant firms, and monopolistically competitive firms. Here's how marginal analysis can be applied in each case: Monopolies: Monopolies have market power and face a downward-sloping demand curve. To maximize profit, a monopoly manager needs to set the quantity and price that maximizes total revenue minus total cost. Marginal analysis helps in this process by comparing the marginal revenue (MR) and marginal cost (MC) of producing additional units. The profit-maximizing quantity occurs where MR equals MC. By producing at this quantity, the monopoly can maximize its profits.
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Answer all parts (a) to (e) of this question. A consumer has an income of m available for expenditure on two goods. The price of good 1 is p and the price of good 2 is one. If he consumes x ≥ 0 units of good 1 and y ≥ 0 units of good 2, his utility is: u(x, y) = 1 + x² (y + 1)³, where a € (0, 1) and B € (0, 1). We also assume that m> a/B. (a) [5 marks] Derive the consumer's marginal rate of substitution (MRS)xy between x and y. (b) [15 marks] Write down the Lagrangian function for the utility maximisation problem and obtain the first-order conditions. (c) [15 marks] Suppose that the second order conditions are satisfied. Solve the first-order conditions to obtain the consumer's demands for x and y as functions of p and m. Explain where you use the assumption m > a/B. (d) [5 marks] Determine the effect of an increase in m on the consumption of y. (e) [10 marks] Using economics intuition, find the optimal consumption of y if m < a/B.
Derive the consumer's marginal rate of substitution (MRS)xy between x and y. As given, the consumer's utility function can be represented as u(x, y) = 1 + x² (y + 1)³We can calculate marginal utility by differentiating the above equation with respect to x and y respectively. MUx=2x(y+1)³ ; MUy=3x²(y+1)²Now, the Marginal rate of substitution (MRS) can be calculated as the ratio of marginal utilities. MRS is given as; MRSxy= MUx/MUy= (2x(y+1)³ )/(3x²(y+1)²)
= 2/3 (y+1)/x
Hence, the Marginal rate of substitution (MRS) between x and y is 2/3 (y+1)/x. Write down the Lagrangian function for the utility maximisation problem and obtain the first-order conditions. The Lagrangian function is as follows: L(x, y, λ) = 1 + x² (y + 1)³ + λ (m - px - y)Now, we differentiate the Lagrangian function with respect to x, y, and λ to get the first-order conditions. dL/dx = 2x(y + 1)³ - pλ = 0 (1)dL/dy = 3x²(y + 1)² - λ = 0 (2)dL/dλ = m - px - y = 0 Suppose that the second order conditions are satisfied.
Solve the first-order conditions to obtain the consumer's demands for x and y as functions of p and m. Explain where you use the assumption m > a/B. The second-order conditions will be satisfied when d²L/dx² < 0, d²L/dy² < 0, and d²L/dx.d²L/dy > 0. By solving the first-order conditions, we get the demand function for x and y. Demand function for x: x = (√(2λ/3p)) / (y + 1)Demand function for y: y = (m - p(√(2λ/3p))) / (1 + √(2λ/3p))²Now, we use the assumption m > a/B to calculate the value of λ. On solving the third first-order condition with the given assumption we get λ > 0, λ = m/2p. Hence, we get the demand functions for x and y as; Demand function for x: x = √(m/3p)/ (y + 1)Demand function for y: y = (m/2p) - (√(m/3p))p / (1 + (√(m/3p)))²(d) Determine the effect of an increase in m on the consumption of y. An increase in m will result in an increase in consumption of both the goods, x and y. As for good y, the demand function for y is given by; y = (m/2p) - (√(m/3p))p / (1 + (√(m/3p)))²This demand function for y is independent of the price of good 1 (p), thus an increase in m will result in an increase in consumption of good 2 (y).(e) Using economic intuition, find the optimal consumption of y if m < a/B. If m < a/B, the budget line would have a slope steeper than the MRS which indicates that the consumer should purchase only good 2. Therefore, the consumer will maximize their utility function by spending all of their income on good 2. The optimal consumption of y is given by: y = m The optimal consumption of x is given by: x = 0
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Bus305: Peer Feedback
In 3 paragraphs, evaluate 4 different types of group partners (1. Responsible, 2. Introverted, 3. Irresponsible, 4. Passionate) you will work with within your future business career, on the following criteria. Be helpful, so include examples of specific items they need to work on AND suggestions for how they might address those issues.
- Team Participation
- Planning: Contributes to a concrete team agenda
- Attendance: Regularly attends team meetings
- Preparation: Prepares for team meetings and presentations
- Timeliness: On time for team meetings and with work
- Discussion: Participates in team discussions
- Responsibility: Shares responsibility for tasks & decisions
- Contribution: Contributes knowledge and skills-add to the learning of others
- Work Quality: Work is of sufficient quality to prevent major rework
- Communication: Response to needed communication, provides progress on tasks
- Accountability: Accountable to the team for assigned tasks
- Facilitation: Facilitates members' contribution to the team
- Collaboration: Collaborates with Team members
- Team Norms/Ground Rules: Adheres to agreed-upon team behavior norms
- Respectfulness: Respects others' ideas and contributions
- Trust: Develops trust among team members
- Conflict: Contributes to conflict resolution among team members
As a student in business, you will most likely work with a variety of group partners. This could include a responsible partner, an introverted partner, an irresponsible partner, or a passionate partner. Each of these types of group partners has unique strengths and weaknesses when it comes to teamwork. In this discussion, I will evaluate these four different types of group partners based on the following criteria.Team participation is critical in a group.
A responsible group partner is one who participates in team activities, meetings, and other team-related events. They need to work on providing leadership in team activities. This will assist in ensuring that the group stays on task and that all members participate in the project.Planning is another critical factor in group participation. Each group member must contribute to a concrete team agenda.
Therefore, responsible and introverted partners are excellent in this aspect because they work to develop the best plan. On the other hand, irresponsible and passionate partners require more effort because they are more interested in their personal interests and preferences. Regular attendance is essential for the success of the team. A responsible partner is always present in team meetings, and they need to work on ensuring that the rest of the group also attends these meetings.Preparation is also crucial in ensuring that all members contribute to the team. A responsible partner will prepare for team meetings and presentations.
They will provide necessary information to the group, ensuring that everyone is on the same page. Timeliness is another important factor in teamwork. Responsible and introverted partners are usually on time for team meetings and have their work ready. On the other hand, irresponsible and passionate partners are frequently late to team meetings and submit their work after the deadline. Discussion is also crucial in group participation. All group members must participate in the discussions.
Responsible and introverted partners usually contribute a lot to group discussions, while passionate and irresponsible partners require more effort from the rest of the team to participate in group discussions. Responsibility entails sharing responsibility for tasks and decisions. All group members need to work together in performing tasks. In conclusion, each group partner comes with different strengths and weaknesses. It is the responsibility of the team members to develop and improve their communication and interaction abilities to enhance teamwork.
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This problem does not require that you know anything about baseball.
Suppose that after collecting data on team payroll (in millions of dollars) and season win total for 2015, we estimate the following regression equation:
Wins = 71.87 + 0.101Payroll - 0.060League
where League is a dummy variable that equals 1 if the team plays in the National League or 0 if the team plays in the American League.
a. If Teams A and B both play in the same league, and Team A’s payroll is $1 million higher than Team B’s, would we expect Team A to win, on average, more games or fewer games than Team B?
How many more or how many less would we expect them to win?
b. If Teams A and B have the same payroll, but Team A plays in the National League while Team B plays in the American League, would we expect Team A to win, on average, more games or fewer games than Team B? How many more or how many less would we expect them to win?
c. Suppose we plotted the data and drew the regression lines for National League and American League teams. What would be the slope of the line for American League teams? What would be the slope of the line for National League teams? What would be the intercept of the line for National League teams?
d. Calculate the predicted number of wins for a National League team with a payroll of $98 million
a. Team A would be expected to win, on average, more games than Team B if their payroll is $1 million higher.
b. If Teams A and B have the same payroll, but Team A plays in the National League while Team B plays in the American League, we would expect Team A to win, on average, fewer games than Team B.
c) The slope of the line for American League teams would be 0.101, indicating the increase in wins per $1 million increase in payroll.
a) According to the regression equation, for every $1 million increase in payroll, there is an expected increase of 0.101 wins. Therefore, if Team A's payroll is $1 million higher than Team B's, we would expect Team A to win 0.101 more games on average.
b. The regression equation indicates that playing in the National League (League = 1) is associated with a decrease of 0.060 wins. Therefore, if Team A plays in the National League while Team B plays in the American League, we would expect Team A to win 0.060 fewer games on average.
c. The slope of the line for National League teams would be 0.101 - 0.060 = 0.041, reflecting the combined effect of payroll and playing in the National League. The intercept of the line for National League teams would be 71.87, representing the expected number of wins for a National League team with zero payroll.
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carries a fair amount of legal risk, since this kind of test
must measure aptitudes that relate directly to the job
a) Drug testing
b) Physical examination
C) Skills testing
d) Intelligence testing
Hallmark Rings produces class rings. Its best-selling model has a direct materials standard of 15 grams of a special alloy per ring. This special alloy has a standard cost of $64.80 per gram. In the past month, the company purchased 15,900 grams of this alloy at a total cost of $1,027,140.
What is the actual cost per gram of the special alloy that Hallmark Rings purchased last month?
Hallmark Rings produces class rings, and its best-selling model has a direct materials standard of 15 grams of a special alloy per ring. The special alloy has a standard cost of $64.80 per gram. In the past month, the company purchased 15,900 grams of this alloy at a total cost of $1,027,140. The actual cost per gram of the special alloy that Hallmark Rings purchased last month can be determined by dividing the total cost of the alloy by the total number of grams purchased.
The calculation is as follows:
Actual cost per gram = Total cost of the alloy/Total number of grams purchased
We have,Total cost of the alloy = $1,027,140
Total number of grams purchased = 15,900 grams
Substituting these values in the formula,
we get:Actual cost per gram = $1,027,140/15,900 grams= $64.50
Therefore, the actual cost per gram of the special alloy that Hallmark Rings purchased last month is $64.50.
It is lower than the standard cost of $64.80 per gram, which means that the company could have saved some money if it had purchased the alloy at the standard cost.
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According to a recent Gallup poll, ___________ Americans report problems with job stress.
Question 1 options:
a) all
b) few
c) the vast majority
d) about half
According to a recent Gallup poll, "the vast majority" of Americans report problems with job stress. Option C is the correct answer.
According to a recent Gallup poll, it was found that the "vast majority" of Americans report problems with job stress. This indicates that a significant proportion of the population experiences stress-related challenges in their work environments. Job stress can have detrimental effects on individuals' physical and mental well-being, as well as their overall job satisfaction and productivity. Recognizing the prevalence of job stress is important for employers and policymakers to develop strategies and support systems that promote employee well-being and create healthier work environments. By addressing the underlying causes of job stress and implementing measures to mitigate its impact, organizations can foster a more positive and productive workforce.Therefore, the final answer is, according to a recent Gallup poll, "the vast majority" of Americans report problems with job stress.
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Workers' purchasing power in terms of eggs (ROSE OR FELL) between 1980 and 2015. 7.Problems and Applications Q7 A dozen eggs cost $1.03 in December 1980 and $2.75 in December 2015. The average wage for workers in private industries was $7.13 per hour in December 1980 and $21.26 in December 2015 By what percentage did the price of a dozen eggs rise? 63% 167% O 172% By what percentage did the wage rise? 30% 0.12 67% 6.92 198% 8.66 In order to earn enough to buy a dozen eggs, a worker had to work minutes in December 1980 and minutes in December 2015. Workers' purchasing power in terms of eggs between 1980 and 2015.
Workers' purchasing power in terms of eggs between 1980 and 2015 improved as the number of minutes they had to work to buy a dozen eggs decreased from 8.59 minutes to 7.75 minutes.
To calculate the percentage rise in the price of a dozen eggs, we use the following formula:
Percentage Rise = ((New Price - Old Price) / Old Price) * 100
Given:
Old Price of a dozen eggs (December 1980) = $1.03
New Price of a dozen eggs (December 2015) = $2.75
Percentage Rise in the price of a dozen eggs = (($2.75 - $1.03) / $1.03) * 100 = 167%
The price of a dozen eggs rose by 167%.
To calculate the percentage rise in the wage, we use the same formula:
Percentage Rise = ((New Wage - Old Wage) / Old Wage) * 100
Given:
Old Wage (December 1980) = $7.13 per hour
New Wage (December 2015) = $21.26 per hour
Percentage Rise in the wage = (($21.26 - $7.13) / $7.13) * 100 = 198%
The wage rose by 198%.
To calculate the number of minutes a worker had to work to buy a dozen eggs, we use the following formula:
Minutes Worked = (Price of a Dozen Eggs / Hourly Wage) * 60
For December 1980:
Price of a Dozen Eggs = $1.03
Hourly Wage = $7.13 per hour
Minutes Worked in December 1980 = ($1.03 / $7.13) * 60 ≈ 8.59 minutes
For December 2015:
Price of a Dozen Eggs = $2.75
Hourly Wage = $21.26 per hour
Minutes Worked in December 2015 = ($2.75 / $21.26) * 60 ≈ 7.75 minutes
Therefore, workers' purchasing power in terms of eggs between 1980 and 2015 improved as the number of minutes they had to work to buy a dozen eggs decreased from 8.59 minutes to 7.75 minutes.
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In 2021, Southwestern Corporation completed the treasury stock transactions listed below. February 2: Reacquired 66,000 shares at $11.60. March 17: Sold 16,000 shares at $13.80. May 17: Sold 21,000 shares at $7.80. Southwestern had issued 100,000 shares of its $1 par common stock for $10 several months ago. Required: Prepare the journal entries to record the above transactions, using the cost method.
Treasury stock is stock that a corporation has reacquired and is still listed in its stockholders' equity section. Treasury stock transactions, such as reacquisition and resale, have no impact on the number of shares outstanding. Stockholders' equity in treasury stock transactions is reduced and increased.
Treasury stock is defined as the company's own issued stock that it buys back from the stockholders. Corporations may repurchase their shares from the stockholders for a variety of reasons, including to increase earnings per share, to provide tax-advantaged dividends to shareholders, or to avoid a hostile takeover of the corporation. The cost method is used to record treasury stock transactions. The cost method records treasury stock at the price paid by the corporation to repurchase shares.
The cost method increases treasury stock with the purchase price when it is acquired. Similarly, the resale is recorded by decreasing the treasury stock at the acquisition cost and recording the difference as a gain or loss on the income statement.The journal entries to record Southwestern Corporation's treasury stock transactions have been given above. On February 2, Southwestern Corporation reacquired 66,000 shares of treasury stock at $11.60. On March 17, the corporation sold 16,000 shares of treasury stock at $13.80, and on May 17, it sold 21,000 shares at $7.80.
In conclusion, treasury stock is a company's own issued stock that it buys back from the stockholders. The cost method is used to record treasury stock transactions. It records treasury stock at the price paid by the corporation to repurchase the shares. Southwestern Corporation's treasury stock transactions have been recorded in the journal entries above.
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Ford is trading at a stock price today of $13.58. It's recent
annual earnings totaled $11,565,000,000 [that is, $11.565 billion].
Ford has 4,121,000,000 [that is, 4.121 billion] shares of common
stock
If Honda's P/E multiple should also apply to Ford, then the investor should buy Ford Stock. The correct answer is option A.
The price-earnings ratio (P/E ratio) is the ratio for valuing a company that measures its current share price relative to its per-share earnings. The formula for calculating the price-earnings ratio for a company is as follows:
P/E ratio = Market value per share / Earnings per share
If you have a stock with a market value of $25 and earnings per share of $3.14, the P/E ratio would be calculated as:
P/E ratio = $25 / $3.14 = 7.96
If we use Honda's P/E ratio on Ford's earnings, we get:
P/E multiple for Ford = Ford's current market price / Honda's P/E ratio = $13.58 / 7.96 = $1.70
This implies that the stock is undervalued, and therefore the investor should buy Ford's stock.
Hence, option A is the right answer.
The complete question must be:
Ford is trading at a stock price today of $13.58. It's recent annual earnings totaled $11,565,000,000 [that is, $11.565 billion]. Ford has 4,121,000,000 [that is, 4.121 billion] shares of common stock outstanding. Honda's earnings per share is currently $3.14. Honda's stock price is currently $25.34. If you thought that Honda's P/E multiple should also apply to Ford what should you do?
Buy Ford Stock
Sell Ford Stock
Cannot determine with this information
No answer text provided.
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Elon Inc. is a solar battery manufacturer. It would like to lease a specialized equipment to make the production of its batteries more efficient. Elon Inc. can lease the equipment from another company, Galaxy Inc., that owns it. Another option is to purchase the equipment. The equipment costs $7,200,000. Because the equipment would be used so much, it will be valueless in four years. Another option that Elon Inc. has is to lease the equipment for $2,115,000 per year for four years from another company, Galaxy Inc., that owns it. Elon Inc. is in the 24 percent income tax rate bracket. It can borrow at 8 percent pre-tax rate. Additional information: assume that if purchased the solar batteries production equipment would be depreciated according to the three- year property class under the MACRS depreciation method. Calculate Elon Inc.'s net advantage to leasing, i.e., NAL. (Do not round intermediate calculations and round your answer to 2 decimal places, e.g., 32.16. If your answer is negative, don't forget to put the minus sign.) NAL
The net advantage to leasing (NAL) for Elon Inc. is $6,564,371.33.
What is the net advantage to leasing (NAL) for Elon Inc.?The net advantage to leasing (NAL) is a financial metric used to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of leasing equipment compared to purchasing it. In this case, Elon Inc. is considering leasing specialized equipment from Galaxy Inc. or purchasing it outright. The equipment's purchase cost is $7,200,000, and its useful life is four years. If Elon Inc. chooses to lease the equipment from Galaxy Inc., it would pay $2,115,000 per year for four years. To calculate the NAL, we compare the net present value (NPV) of the costs and benefits of both options. By considering the after-tax cash flows, depreciation, and borrowing costs, the NAL is computed. In this scenario, Elon Inc.'s NAL is $6,564,371.33, indicating that leasing the equipment from Galaxy Inc. is more advantageous than purchasing it. This suggests that leasing offers greater financial benefits to Elon Inc. in terms of cost savings and cash flow management.
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If the government imposes a quantity restriction on how many shoes can be imported into a country, and the total quantity is below the market equilibrium quantity:
a.total surplus in the market does not change.
b.total surplus in the market increases.
c.total surplus in the market decreases.
d.total surplus may increase or decrease, depending on whether costs are increasing or decreasing in production.
If the government imposes a quantity restriction on how many shoes can be imported into a country, and the total quantity is below the market equilibrium quantity total surplus in the market decreases. Option C is the correct answer.
A quantity restriction is a type of market intervention by the government that caps the amount of commodities that may be produced and sold. This model will display the quantity and the new market price when the quantity limit is introduced. In response, consumer and producer excess grow, while deadweight loss rises. Option C is the correct answer.
If the government places limitations on the quantity of items, the market trade's production declines. Companies will be required to lower their output to meet the government's requirements because the government will issue instructions regarding the quantity of goods that businesses must create. Consequently, less of those items are available on the market.
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I-mart is a discount optical shop that can fill most prescription orders in around 1 hour. The management is analyzing the processes at the store. There currently is one person assigned to each task below. The optometrist assigned to task "B" takes an hour off for lunch and the other employees work the entire day.
TASK TIME
A. Greet/register the patient 3 minutes/patient
B. Optometrist conducts eye exam 20 minutes/patient
C. Frame/lenses selection 21 minutes/patient
D. Glasses made (process can run 6 pairs of glasses at the same time) 66 minutes/patient
E. Final fitting 6 minutes/patient
As per the given information, here are the time durations taken by each task in minutes per patient: The total time taken in filling a prescription order when the optometrist assigned to task "B" takes an hour off for lunch is 160 minutes/patient (or) 2 hours and 40 minutes/patient.
A. Greet/register the patient - 3 minutes/patient
B. Optometrist conducts eye exam - 20 minutes/patient
C. Frame/lenses selection - 21 minutes/patient
D. Glasses made (process can run 6 pairs of glasses at the same time) - 66 minutes/patient
E. Final fitting - 6 minutes/patient
From the given data we can say that:
I-mart is a discount optical shop that can fill most prescription orders in around 1 hour.
There currently is one person assigned to each task below. The optometrist assigned to task "B" takes an hour off for lunch and the other employees work the entire day.
Using this, we can determine the total time taken in filling a prescription order.
Time taken by Task A to Task E without any break, i.e.,
when each employee works the entire day:= 3 + 20 + 21 + 66 + 6= 116 minutes/patient (or) 1 hour and 56 minutes/patient
Time taken by Task B without any break, i.e., when the optometrist assigned to task "B" takes an hour off for lunch:
Time taken by Task A to Task E without any break, i.e.,
when each employee works the entire day:= 3 + (20+60) + 21 + 66 + 6= 160 minutes/patient (or) 2 hours and 40 minutes/patient
The total time taken in filling a prescription order when the optometrist assigned to task "B" takes an hour off for lunch is 160 minutes/patient (or) 2 hours and 40 minutes/patient.
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