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Electronegativity for boron is 2.0, and electronegativity for fluorine is 4.0. which type of bond forms between boron (B) and fluorine (F) in BF₃ is non polar covalent bond.

The  BF₃ is the covalent molecule. the electronegativity for boron is 2.0 and the electronegativity for the fluorine is 4.0 . the boron has 3 valence electrons and need 5 more to complete the octet and fluorine has 7 valence electrons . thus boron form three covalent bond with the atom of fluorine and try to complete the octet.

The  BF₃ is a triangular planar molecule. the dipole moment in the  BF₃ molecule is zero therefore  BF₃, boron trifluoride is a non polar covalent molecule.

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The two ways in which we can increase the favorability of products without adding or removing products or reactants :

1. Increase the temperature of an endothermic reaction.

2. Decrease the temperature of an exothermic reaction.

3. Boost a reactant's concentration in an aqueous solution.

A reaction that is endothermic absorbs energy. Energy addition favors the reaction that forms the product.

A reaction that is exothermic releases energy. Removing the energy favors the reaction that forms the product.

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The specific heat capacity of the ring of mass 3.1 g is 753.3 J/kg.°C.

Specific heat capacity is defined as the amount of heat energy needed to increase the temperature of 1kg of a substance by 1°C.

To calculate the specific heat capacity of the the ring, we use the formula below.

Formula:

Where:

From the question,

Given:

Substitute these values into equation 1

Hence, the specific heat capacity of the ring is 753.3 J/kg.°C.

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According to the rule of a redox reaction, the number of hydroxide ions that would be added depends on the number of net protons present in the reaction to balance the reaction.

The following steps can be used to balance a redox reaction in a basic solution:

1) The reaction should be split in half.

2) Equilibrate all the elements except for H and O.

3) Add H2O to bring the O atoms into balance.

4) Add H+ to bring the H atoms into balance.

5) Neutralize any H+ by adding OH- ions to both sides.

6) To create H2O, combine H+ and OH-.

7) Simplify by eliminating the surplus water.

8) Add e- to balance the charges.

9) Combine the half-reactions, then condense.

According to the rule of a redox reaction, the number of hydroxide ions that would be added depends on the number of net protons present in the reaction to balance the reaction.

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The concentration of calcium ions in the given solution will be 22 ppm.

What is Calcium chloride?

Calcium chloride is an inorganic compound, a salt made of calcium and chlorine. It is used as a food additive, an antifreeze, and a deicer for roads and sidewalks. It is also used in water treatment to increase the water's hardness and to remove impurities.

Calcium chloride is a chemical molecule made up of two chloride ions and one calcium ion.

When calcium chloride dissociates in water, the chloride ion becomes twice the calcium ions. The calcium chloride solution has been dissociated in 500 mL of water.

The concentration of chloride ions = 44 ppm.

The concentration of calcium ions = 44 ÷ 2

                                                         = 22 ppm

The concentration of calcium ions in the solution will be 22 ppm.

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The correct option for the relationships relating to bond length is (b), i.e. the shorter the bond, the stronger the bond

As the atoms become bigger, the bonds also get stronger and longer. Larger orbitals, which assume a lower electron density and a poor percentage overlap with the hydrogen s orbital, lead to longer bonds. The H-X bonds weaken as they lengthen since this is what happens as we progress down the periodic table. Atoms that are more closely spaced from one another have a stronger link than those that are farther away. Because triple and double bonds are shorter than single bonds and enable atoms to be placed closer together, they are also much more durable. Atomic radii make up small bond lengths. Therefore, in general, the smaller the atom's radius, the stronger the link will be. This is primarily due to the electrons' proximity to the nucleus, which creates a strong bond.

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Answer:

magnesium because it gives its electrons to copper

copper gains from mg

copper is reduced and magnesium is oxidised

One of the intensive characteristics of a sample of neon gas is its temperature.

An intense property is a property of matter that does not rely on the quantity of the sample but rather just on the kind of matter present in the sample. Color, temperature, density, and solubility are some examples of other intense qualities. It is said to be intense if a property does not vary depending on the quantity of sample that is utilized. Because the temperature does not alter dependent on the quantity, it is said to be intense.

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Answer:

Explanation:The molar volume of a gas expresses the volume occupied by 1 mole of that respective gas under certain temperature and pressure conditions.

The most common example is the molar volume of a gas at STP (Standard Temperature and Pressure), which is equal to 22.4 L for 1 mole of any ideal gas at a temperature equal to 273.15 K and a pressure equal to 1.00 atm.

So, if you are given these values for temperature and pressure, the volume occupied by any number of moles of an ideal gas can be easily derived from knowing that 1 mole occupies 22.4 L.

V

=

n

⋅

V

m

o

l

a

r

For 2 moles of a gas at STP the volume will be

2

moles

⋅

22.4

L/mol

=

44.8

L

For 0.5 moles the volume will be

0.5

moles

⋅

22.4

L/mol

=

11.2

L

, and so on.

The molar volume of a gas is derived from the ideal gas law

P

V

=

n

R

T

:

P

V

=

n

R

T

→

V

=

n

R

T

P

→

V

n

=

R

T

P

Let's say you were given a temperature of 355 K and a pressure of 2.5 atm, and asked to determine the gas' molar volume at these conditions. Since molar volume refers to the volume occupied by 1 mole, you'd get

V

1 mole

=

0.082

L

⋅

a

t

m

m

o

l

⋅

K

⋅

355

K

2.5

a

t

m

=

11.6

L/mol

This is how much volume 1 mole occupies at 355 K and 2.5 atm. It becomes clear that the volume occupied by any number of moles at these conditions can be easily determined:

2

moles

⋅

11.6

L/mol

=

23.2

L

0.5

moles

⋅

11.6

L/mol

=

5.8

L

, and so on.

As a conclusion, knowing a gas' molar volume at a certain temperature and a certain pressure can simplify the calculation of the volume occupied by any number of moles of that respective gas.

ɪꜰ ᴛʜᴇ ᴅɪꜰꜰᴇʀᴇɴᴄᴇ ᴏꜰ ᴛʜᴇ ᴇʟᴇᴄᴛʀᴏɴᴇɢᴀᴛɪᴠɪᴛʏ ʙᴇᴛᴡᴇᴇɴ ᴛʜᴇ ᴛᴡᴏ ᴇʟᴇᴍᴇɴᴛꜱ ɪꜱ ɢʀᴇᴀᴛᴇʀ ᴛʜᴀɴ 1.7 ᴛʜᴇɴ ᴛʜᴇ ʙᴏɴᴅ ɪꜱ ɪᴏɴɪᴄ. ᴛʜᴇ ᴅɪꜰꜰᴇʀᴇɴᴄᴇ ᴡɪᴛʜ ᴀ ᴘᴏʟᴀʀ ᴄᴏᴠᴀʟᴇɴᴛ ʙᴏɴᴅ ɪꜱ 0.5 ᴛᴏ 1.7 ᴀɴᴅ ᴀ ɴᴏɴᴘᴏʟᴀʀ ᴄᴏᴠᴀʟᴇɴᴛ ʙᴏɴᴅ ɪꜱ ꜰʀᴏᴍ 0 ᴛᴏ 0.4.

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An atom in an excited state has a 1.0% chance of emitting a photon in 0.20 ns. it  will take t=0.1521  for 25% of a sample of excited atoms to decay

We will use the formula , Ne=N0e-t/T , here t=0.20ns which is given to us.It is time taken in emitting of photon. We need to find T,

0.99Ne=N0e-t/T-0.99Ne=N0e-(0.20ns)/T

0.99=e-(0.20ns)/T

By taking logarithm on both sides,

ln(0.99)=lne-(0.20ns)/T

ln(0.99)= -(0.20ns)/T

By solving we get , T=1.89 ns

Now we will find time during which 25%;

We will use the equation ,

0.75N0=N0e-t/T

0.75N0=N0e-t/1.89 ns

We will take logarithm on both sides,

ln(0.75N0)=N0e-t/T

ln(0.75N0)=N0e-t/1.89 ns

We will get by solving the equation ,

t=0.1521

Population growth can be modeled using the formula P = P 0 e r t, where is the initial population, is the growth rate, and is the passage of time. The formula for the exponential decay function is f (x) = a (1 r) x, where is the initial value and is the rate of decay.

The number of radioactive nuclei that decrease per unit of time is the rate of decay, or activity, of a sample of a radioactive substance. The amount of time needed for the reactant concentration to drop to half its initial value is known as the half-life of a reaction.

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The number of moles of krypton are 7.6 moles.

According to Ideal gas law,

PV = n RT

Where

P = Pressure

V = Volume

n = number of moles

R = Universal gas constant

T = Temperature

Given

P = 5.80 atm

V =  3.25 L

T = 25.5 °C

R = 8.314

Now substituting the Value in the formula

PV = n RT

So separate the n from the formula

n = PV/RT

n= 5.80 × 3.15 × 1000 / 8.314 × 298.5

n=7.59

n ≈ 7.6 moles

Therefore the moles of krypton is 7.6 moles

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An electric field is produced when high voltage is applied to capacitor plates, deflecting cathode rays. The negatively charged electrons are directed away from the negatively charged plate and toward the positively charged plate when a cathode ray is transmitted through this electric field.

Electricity is the set of physical phenomena associated with the presence and motion of matter that has a property of electric charge. Electricity is related to magnetism, both being part of the phenomenon of electromagnetism, as described by Maxwell's equations

Voltage, current, and resistance are the three most fundamental elements of electricity. Voltage is comparable to the force that forces water through a hose. It is expressed as volts (V). CURRENT is comparable to the hose's diameter.

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Answer:

[tex] \huge{ \boxed{0.779 \: \text{moles}}}[/tex]

Explanation:

To find the number of moles in a substance given it's number of entities we use the formula;

[tex] \bold{n = \frac{N}{L} \\ }[/tex]

where

From the question

N = 4.69 × 10²³ glucose molecules

[tex]n = \frac{4.69 \times {10}^{23} }{6.02 \times {10}^{23} } = \frac{4.69}{6.02} \\ = 0.77907[/tex]

We have the final answer as

Each of the following molecules have (3,4)(2,2) and (5,5) signals respectively in its 1H and 13C spectra.

1H-NMR uses NMR spectroscopy to determine a substance's molecular structure by applying nuclear magnetic resonance to hydrogen-1 nuclei. The 13C nuclear magnetic resonance relates specifically to the carbon skeleton, and not only to the proton that is linked to it . Number of signals indicates the total number of distinct carbons or sets of carbons with equivalent properties.  The splitting of the signal provides information about the number of hydrogens that are bonded to each carbon.

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The causes of mechanical weathering include freezing and thawing, the release of pressure, plant growth, actions of animals, and abrasion.

What is mechanical weathering?

Mechanical weathering breaks rocks into smaller pieces. These small pieces are the same as large stones. They are just tiny! Rocks are crushed without changing their composition. Smaller pieces contain the same minerals in equal proportions. The phrase "chips from old blocks" can be used to describe mechanical weathering. The main players in mechanical weathering are water, ice and wind.

Intrusive igneous rocks form at depths of hundreds of meters to tens of kilometers. Sediments become sedimentary rocks only when they are buried in other sediments at depths of several hundred meters or more. Most metamorphic rocks form at depths of several kilometers to tens of kilometers.

Therefore, the causes of mechanical weathering include freezing and thawing, the release of pressure, plant growth, actions of animals, and abrasion.

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A synthesis reaction is a chemical process in which two dissimilar atoms interact to create a new substance or molecule.

The atomic number of the alkali metal sodium is 11. The valence electron in its outermost shell is positive (+1).

With the atomic number 17, chlorine belongs to the halogen family of elements. Its octet structure can only be completed with an electron.

Because of this, their bonding process is known as electrovalent or ionic bonding.

When 2 moles of sodium (Na) and 1 mole of chlorine (Cl) are combined, the following results:

2Na(s)Sodium+Cl2(g)Chlorine→2NaCl(s)Sodium Chloride

As a result of the foregoing process, we can infer that two sodium molecules are created when two sodium (Na) atoms interact with one molecule of chlorine gas (Cl2).

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The value of the speed of the fallen tree in km/hr would be 46.4 km/hr.

The problem here is about converting the speed of an object from one unit to another. Specifically, we are to convert from m/s to km/hr.

Speed is the function of distance and time. Thus, the distance needs to be converted to km from m and the time to hr from s.

13 m/s is equivalent to 13 m distance and 1 second time.

Recall that:

1000 m = 1 km

13 m = 13/1000

         = 0.013 km

3600 seconds = 1 hr

1 second = 1/3600

               = 0.00028 hour

The speed of the fallen tree in km/hr would then be:

0.013/ 0.00028  = 46.4 km/hr

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Equal masses would result in different amounts of CO, but the same quantity of CO2 would result from equal masses. Equivalent masses would exhibit high variability and be challenging to measure in a lab.

Density is a measurement that connects matter, mass, and volume. By dividing a substance's mass by its volume, density is determined. Grams are commonly used to measure mass. In terms of volume, solids are measured in cubic centimeters or cubic meters, whilst liquids are measured in liters or milliliters.

Distinct masses exist for equal quantities of two different substances. because the density of different materials varies.

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It is best described as Markonikov orientation with both sun and

anti- addition.

Define Regioselectivity?

Regioselectivity is a term used to describe the preference for one reaction pathway over another in a chemical reaction. It is based on the relative stability of the reaction products and the reaction intermediates that lead to them. This preference is a result of the relative energies of the transition states and the different types of interactions that occur between reactants, intermediates, and products.

Define hydroboration-oxidation?

Hydroboration-oxidation is an organic reaction that involves the addition of boron and hydroxide ions to an alkene in order to form a borane, which is then oxidized by a proton-accepting oxidant. This reaction is used to convert alkenes into alcohols.

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2 NO2(g) ↔ 2 NO(g) O2(g) is the equation.

Which is a factor that affects the equilibrium constant?

The only thing that changes the equilibrium constant is a change in temperature. Changing the pressure can change the position of the equilibrium. According to Le Chatelier's Principle, the equilibrium position moves in such a way that it tends to undo the changes you make.

Does pressure affect equilibrium constant?

Changing the system pressure does not change the equilibrium constant. The only thing that changes the equilibrium constant is a change in temperature. Changing the pressure can change the position of the equilibrium.

Does equilibrium constant depend on pressure and volume?

Equilibrium constants are temperature dependent and independent of the actual amounts of reactants and products, the presence of catalysts, and the presence of inerts. It is also independent of the concentration, pressure and volume of extracts and products.

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The compound that is the hemiacetal that forms when ethanol reacts with propanal is attached.

A hemiacetal is a combination of an alcohol and an ether attached to the same carbon. Hydrogen holds the fourth bonding position. An aldehyde is the starting point for a hemiacetal. Hemiacetals are formed from aldehydes and are named after the Greek word "hemi," which means "half."

Ethanol is a flammable, colorless chemical compound that is one of the most commonly found alcohols in alcoholic beverages. It is also known as "ethyl alcohol" or "grade alcohol."

Propionaldehyde, also known as propanal, is an organic compound. It's a three-carbon aldehyde. It has a slightly fruity odor and is colorless and flammable. It is mass-produced on an industrial scale.

In this case, the compound illustrate the reaction.

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The percent composition by mass of oxygen in magnesium sulfate (MgSO₄)  is 53.33%.

The percent composition of mass of oxygen in magnesium sulfate can be calculate as follows

we know that Molar mass of magnesium sulfate = 120 g/mol

Magnesium sulfate has four oxygen atoms, so multiply the molar mass of oxygen by four. So 16 × 4 = 64 g/mol.

To calculate the percent oxygen composition,

% oxygen composition = mass molar oxygen / mass molar

% oxygen composition = 64/120 × 100

% oxygen composition = 53.33 %

Therefore, the percent composition by mass of oxygen in magnesium sulfate (MgSO₄)  is 53.33%.

The mass fraction of every element found in a compound is referred to as the percentage composition of the solution.

Three techniques can be used to determine the percentage composition of matter:

The first method is good if both ingredients are solid and can be measured in grams.

A second approach can be used when both components are liquids.

A third approach is used when one substance is solid and the other is liquid. Divide the two quantities and multiply by 100 to calculate the composition ratio. By convention, both quantities must have the same units.

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To solve this problem, you can use the following formula:

M = m/V

where M is the molarity of the solution, m is the mass of the solute, and V is the volume of the solution. In this case, you are given the molarity and the mass of the solute, and you need to find the volume of the solution.

Substituting the given values into the formula and solving for V, you get:

V = m/M = (18.0 g) / (0.405 M) = 44.3 mL

So, you need 44.3 mL of the solution to obtain 18.0 g of oxalic acid.

The molar mass of  tin(II) chloride is: 84.9 g

Calculate the molar mass of  tin(II) chloride?

The number of moles n1 is thus:

n1= m1/M1 = 2.25 mol

According to the balanced reaction, the ratio by number of moles n of tin(II) chloride produced to the number of moles n1 of HF used is 1:2

As such, the number of moles of tin(II) chloride produced is :

n = 1/2 [tex]n_{1}[/tex] = 0.45 mol

The molar mass of tin(II) chloride is:

M= A[tex]_{r}[/tex](Sn)+2A[tex]_{r}[/tex](Cl) = 188.7 g/mol

The mass m produced is thus:

m = nM

= 0.45 mol × 188.7 g/mol

≈ 84.9 g

Therefore, the molar mass of  tin(II) chloride is: 84.9 g.

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One of the most important use of cobalt-60 is treating cancer as it produces gamma rays.

In a teletherapy unit as a source of intense gamma radiation for the treatment of a variety of cancers an external sealed source of cobalt-60 is used. Cobalt-60 is also used as a medical tracer. A material that is introduced into the body to make possible the observation of chemical, physical or biological processes in the body is known as medical tracer.

Cobalt-60 emits two high energy gamma rays, making cobalt-60 both an internal and external hazard. Ingestion is the primary exposure pathways of concern which includes (drinking water and fish consumption), and exposure by inhalation and external exposure.

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H bonded covalently to O, N or F is required for a substance to experience hydrogen bonding among its own molecules.

It is necessary that the molecules have an atom of H attached to a highly electronegative atom such as N, O, F and also the molecule had to have a solitary pair of electrons more specifically in a small highly electronegative atom such as N, O, F.

The hydrogen bond is responsible for many of the anomalous physical and chemical properties of compound of N, O, F.

Hydrogen bonds is found within intermolecular forces, which are type of attractive forces that exist between molecules of covalent substances.

Such bonds are weaker that an ionic bond or covalent bond but stronger than Vander Waals forces.

One atom of the pair (the donor) generally a Fluorine (F), Nitrogen (N) or Oxygen (O) atom is covalently bonded to a hydrogen atom ( -FH, -NH, -OH),

whose electrons it shares unequally, its high electron affinity causes the hydrogen to take on a slight positive charge.

So, In order for a substance to experience hydrogen bonding among its own molecules, H must be covalently bound to O, N, or F.

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Billy will make about 1749.04 grams of calcium bromide, more than the amount needed by the instructor with the given 350 g of calcium.

When calcium is made to react with bromine by a particular amount in a beaker containing bromine gas, the equation of the reaction that occurs is as follows:

[tex]Ca + Br_2 --- > CaBr_2[/tex]

From the equation, the mole ratio of calcium to the calcium bromide that is formed is 1:1.

Recall that: mole = mass/molar mass

The molar weight of calcium is 40 g/mol, thus, 350 g of calcium would be equivalent to:

Mole of 350 g calcium = 350/40 = 8.75 mol

The equivalent mole of calcium bromide formed will also be 8.75 mol. The molar mass of calcium bromide is 199.89 g/mol. Thus, the mass of 8.75 mol calcium bromide would be:

Mass = mole x molar mass

         = 8.75 x 199.89

         = 1749.04 grams

In other words, 1749.04 grams of calcium bromide would be formed from 350 grams of calcium. Granted that enough bromine is available, Billy will make more than enough calcium bromide needed by his instructor.

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The chemical equation of the reaction of calcium chloride with water is given below:

A chemical reaction occurred because new products are formed; calcium hydroxide and chlorine gas.

The reaction is an exothermic reaction because heat is evolved to the surroundings.

The reaction of calcium chloride with water is a reaction that produces a lot of heat. This type of reaction is known as an exothermic reaction.

An exothermic reaction is a reaction in which heat is released to the surrounding during the formation of products.

When calcium chloride is mixed with water it produces a large amount of heat that can cause boiling. The end product is calcium hydroxide and chlorine gas.

The equation of the reaction is given below:

CaCl₂ (s) + H₂O (l) ----> Ca(OH)₂ (aq) + Cl₂ (g)

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Answer: