Let A be a given matrix below. First, find the eigenvalues and their corresponding eigenspaces for the following matrices. Then, find an invertible matrix P and a diagonal matrix such that A = PDPâ’1.
(a) [ 3 2 2 3 ]
(b) [ 1 â 1 2 â 1 ]
(c) [1 2 3 0 2 3 0 0 3]
(d) [3 1 1 1 3 1 1 1 3]

It looks like given matrices are supposed to be

[tex]\begin{array}{ccccccc}\begin{bmatrix}3&2\\2&3\end{bmatrix} & & \begin{bmatrix}1&-1\\2&-1\end{bmatrix} & & \begin{bmatrix}1&2&3\\0&2&3\\0&0&3\end{bmatrix} & & \begin{bmatrix}3&1&1\\1&3&1\\1&1&3\end{bmatrix}\end{array}[/tex]

You can find the eigenvalues of matrix A by solving for λ in the equation det(A - λI) = 0, where I is the identity matrix. We also have the following facts about eigenvalues:

• tr(A) = trace of A = sum of diagonal entries = sum of eigenvalues

• det(A) = determinant of A = product of eigenvalues

(a) The eigenvalues are λ₁ = 1 and λ₂ = 5, since

[tex]\mathrm{tr}\begin{bmatrix}3&2\\2&3\end{bmatrix} = 3 + 3 = 6[/tex]

[tex]\det\begin{bmatrix}3&2\\2&3\end{bmatrix} = 3^2-2^2 = 5[/tex]

and

λ₁ + λ₂ = 6   ⇒   λ₁ λ₂ = λ₁ (6 - λ₁) = 5

⇒   6 λ₁ - λ₁² = 5

⇒   λ₁² - 6 λ₁ + 5 = 0

⇒   (λ₁ - 5) (λ₁ - 1) = 0

⇒   λ₁ = 5 or λ₁ = 1

To find the corresponding eigenvectors, we solve for the vector v in Av = λv, or equivalently (A - λI) v = 0.

• For λ = 1, we have

[tex]\begin{bmatrix}3-1&2\\2&3-1\end{bmatrix}v = \begin{bmatrix}2&2\\2&2\end{bmatrix}v = 0[/tex]

With v = (v₁, v₂)ᵀ, this equation tells us that

2 v₁ + 2 v₂ = 0

so that if we choose v₁ = -1, then v₂ = 1. So Av = v for the eigenvector v = (-1, 1)ᵀ.

• For λ = 5, we would end up with

[tex]\begin{bmatrix}-2&2\\2&-2\end{bmatrix}v = 0[/tex]

and this tells us

-2 v₁ + 2 v₂ = 0

and it follows that v = (1, 1)ᵀ.

Then the decomposition of A into PDP⁻¹ is obtained with

[tex]P = \begin{bmatrix}-1 & 1 \\ 1 & 1\end{bmatrix}[/tex]

[tex]D = \begin{bmatrix}1 & 0 \\ 0 & 5\end{bmatrix}[/tex]

where the n-th column of P is the eigenvector associated with the eigenvalue in the n-th row/column of D.

(b) Consult part (a) for specific details. You would find that the eigenvalues are i and -i, as in i = √(-1). The corresponding eigenvectors are (1 + i, 2)ᵀ and (1 - i, 2)ᵀ, so that A = PDP⁻¹ if

[tex]P = \begin{bmatrix}1+i & 1-i\\2&2\end{bmatrix}[/tex]

[tex]D = \begin{bmatrix}i&0\\0&i\end{bmatrix}[/tex]

(c) For a 3×3 matrix, I'm not aware of any shortcuts like above, so we proceed as usual:

[tex]\det(A-\lambda I) = \det\begin{bmatrix}1-\lambda & 2 & 3 \\ 0 & 2-\lambda & 3 \\ 0 & 0 & 3-\lambda\end{bmatrix} = 0[/tex]

Since A - λI is upper-triangular, the determinant is exactly the product the entries on the diagonal:

det(A - λI) = (1 - λ) (2 - λ) (3 - λ) = 0

and it follows that the eigenvalues are λ₁ = 1, λ₂ = 2, and λ₃ = 3. Now solve for v = (v₁, v₂, v₃)ᵀ such that (A - λI) v = 0.

• For λ = 1,

[tex]\begin{bmatrix}0&2&3\\0&1&3\\0&0&2\end{bmatrix}v = 0[/tex]

tells us we can freely choose v₁ = 1, while the other components must be v₂ = v₃ = 0. Then v = (1, 0, 0)ᵀ.

• For λ = 2,

[tex]\begin{bmatrix}-1&2&3\\0&0&3\\0&0&1\end{bmatrix}v = 0[/tex]

tells us we need to fix v₃ = 0. Then -v₁ + 2 v₂ = 0, so we can choose, say, v₂ = 1 and v₁ = 2. Then v = (2, 1, 0)ᵀ.

• For λ = 3,

[tex]\begin{bmatrix}-2&2&3\\0&-1&3\\0&0&0\end{bmatrix}v = 0[/tex]

tells us if we choose v₃ = 1, then it follows that v₂ = 3 and v₁ = 9/2. To make things neater, let's scale these components by a factor of 2, so that v = (9, 6, 2)ᵀ.

Then we have A = PDP⁻¹ for

[tex]P = \begin{bmatrix}1&2&9\\0&1&6\\0&0&2\end{bmatrix}[/tex]

[tex]D = \begin{bmatrix}1&0&0\\0&2&0\\0&0&3\end{bmatrix}[/tex]

(d) Consult part (c) for all the details. Or, we can observe that λ₁ = 2 is an eigenvalue, since subtracting 2I from A gives a matrix of only 1s and det(A - 2I) = 0. Then using the eigen-facts,

• tr(A) = 3 + 3 + 3 = 9 = 2 + λ₂ + λ₃   ⇒   λ₂ + λ₃ = 7

• det(A) = 20 = 2 λ₂ λ₃   ⇒   λ₂ λ₃ = 10

and we find λ₂ = 2 and λ₃ = 5.

I'll omit the details for finding the eigenvector associated with λ = 5; I ended up with v = (1, 1, 1)ᵀ.

• For λ = 2,

[tex]\begin{bmatrix}1&1&1\\1&1&1\\1&1&1\end{bmatrix}v = 0[/tex]

tells us that if we fix v₃ = 0, then v₁ + v₂ = 0, so that we can pick v₁ = 1 and v₂ = -1. So v = (1, -1, 0)ᵀ.

• For the repeated eigenvalue λ = 2, we find the generalized eigenvector such that (A - 2I)² v = 0.

[tex]\begin{bmatrix}1&1&1\\1&1&1\\1&1&1\end{bmatrix}^2 v = \begin{bmatrix}3&3&3\\3&3&3\\3&3&3\end{bmatrix}v = 0[/tex]

This time we fix v₂ = 0, so that 3 v₁ + 3 v₃ = 0, and we can pick v₁ = 1 and v₃ = -1. So v = (1, 0, -1)ᵀ.

Then A = PDP⁻¹ if

[tex]P = \begin{bmatrix}1 & 1 & 1 \\ 1 & -1 & 0 \\ 1 & 0 & -1\end{bmatrix}[/tex]

[tex]D = \begin{bmatrix}5&0&0\\0&2&0\\0&2&2\end{bmatrix}[/tex]

Find the perimeter. Simplify your answer.

A baseball tournament begins with 128 teams. After each round of games, only half of the teams are left. How many teams will be left after four rounds of games?

If Jada runs 5 laps around the track in 6 minutes how many minutes per lap is that

3/5 + (-4/11)...........

Can someone please give me the answer​

Find the constant(s): 12x - 8 - 12​

I need help pls I'll give brainliest!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

40 is a multiple of with number . 6,11,8,15

Which number makes this number sentence true?

q: 7.05<____<7.2

o:A:7.016
B:7.182
C:7.206
D:7.241

WILL MARK BRAINLEST IF CORRECT HELP ME OUT

TRUE OR FALSE , When you divide the numerator of a fraction by the denominator you always get a terminating decimal?

what is the value of 5 x 10/6

x + 8 less than or equal to 6

Solve 2^2x-3 = 128. X =

Complete the equation of the line through (-6,-5)(−6,−5)left parenthesis, minus, 6, comma, minus, 5, right parenthesis and (-4,-4)(−4,−4)left parenthesis, minus, 4, comma, minus, 4, right parenthesis.
Use exact numbers.

Explain why a step in solving the equation 4n= -36 is to divide both sides by 4. Then solve the equation

In Jamal's county, there are
60 farms that cover about 8,370 acres of land.
If the farms are all approximately the same
size, how many acres is each farm?

ANYONE CAN HELP ME ?? :)​

can i have help please

It takes Billy 40 minutes to drive to his friend's house at his normal speed but it takes two hours if he drives 20 mph slower how far away is Billy's friend's house. How far does his friend live?

Find the missing side.
09
9.5
10
C
7 cm
10.6
8 cm
HELP PLEASE

PLS HELP ASAP ILL GIVE BRAINLKEST THANKS

I neeed help I’ll give brainlist plzzz asap

4.It is your first day on the job. Your supervisor asks you to distribute materials to three job sites. She asks you to take the following to each site: How much of each material do you load on the truck?

Which accurately shows how to use inverse operations to find the value of a in a + 5 = 14?

" Draw three lines with slope 2, and three lines with slope 1/3. What do you notice "

A gopher lives in an underground burrow. It starts at a certain point, p, underground and digs straight down to triple its distance under
the surface. It then climbs straight down another 2 feet. Its final position is deeper than 8 feet under the surface.
What was the gopher's original position, p, relative to the surface?
Enter your answer in the box to complete the inequality

PLEASE HELP I WILL GIVE BRAINLIST IF ITS RIGHT

Jessica plants a seed 3 1/2
inches below the ground. The plant grows from there 15 3/4
inches. What is the height of the plant above the ground?

12 1/4 inches
19 3/4 inches
18 2/3 inches
13 1/2 inches

Someone help me with this questions pleaseee

Joseph is pouring concrete for his new patio. The area of the patio is 25.2 square feet
and the length is 7.2 feet. What is the width, w, of his patio?