Answer:
Huffman Pharmaceuticals
The percentage that should be assigned to Gross Profit, using trend analysis, is:
= 42%.
Explanation:
a) Data and Calculations:
Income Statements 12/31/2017 12/31/2016
Sales Revenue $598,000 $724,000
Cost of Goods Sold 337,000 427,000
Gross Profit 261,000 297,000
Operating Expenses 137,000 146,000
Operating Income 124,000 151,000
Other Income (Expense) 60,000 23,000
Income before Tax 184,000 174,000
Income Tax Expense 71,000 76,000
Net Income $113,000 $98,000
Income Statements 12/31/2017 12/31/2016
Sales Revenue $598,000 $724,000
Cost of Goods Sold 337,000 427,000
Gross Profit 261,000 297,000
Ratio of Gross profit to
Sales Revenue
2017 = $261,000/$598,000 * 100 = 43.65% = 44%
2016 = $297,000/$724,000 * 100 = 41%
Average Gross profit ratio for the two years = 42.5% (44 + 41)/2.
b) Huffman's trend analysis is the use of its past financial performance indices to predict its future financial performances. Past performances are expressed in percentages, forming the basis for predicting and comparing future performances of an entity.
sino po crush nyo char
Answer:
Your ugly
Explanation:
A natural monopolya. exists when many sellers experience lower average total costs than potentialcompetitors do.b. exists when a firm has sole ownership of a natural resource.c. is an example of a government-created barrier.d. is needed to make a profit in the long run.e. exists when a single seller experiences lower average total costs than any potentialcompetitor.
Answer:
e. exists when a single seller experiences lower average total costs than any potential competitor.
Explanation:
A monopoly is a market structure which is typically characterized by a single-seller who sells a unique product in the market by dominance. This ultimately implies that, it is a market structure wherein the seller has no competitor because he is solely responsible for the sale of unique products without close substitutes. Any individual that deals with the sales of unique products in a monopolistic market is generally referred to as a monopolist.
For example, a public water supply company is an example of a monopoly because they serve as the only source of water provider to the general public in a society.
A natural monopoly exists when a single seller experiences lower average total costs than any potential competitor because of the very high start-up or initial cost and economy of scale.
Leftown is a former guest who owes the Munchies Restaurant $750 for a banquet. Restaurant managers have determined that this debt is now uncollectible. If the restaurant uses the direct write-off method of accounting for bad debt expense, the journal entry to recognize this bad debt would be a debit to ___________ and a credit to _________________.
Answer:
debit: provision for doubtful accounts
credit: accounts receivable
Explanation:
Based on the information given in a situation where the restaurant make uses of the DIRECT WRITE-OFF METHOD of accounting for bad debt expense, the appropiate journal entry to recognize this bad debt would be a debit to PROVISION FOR DOUBTFUL ACCOUNTS and a credit to ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE.
Debit Provision for doubtful accounts $750
Credit Accounts receivable $750
Motivation is defined as the psychological processes that arouse and direct our goal-directed behavior. Motivation is a multifaceted, complex phenomenon, but even so it can be illustrated through a fairly simple model. This activity is important because it is imperative that managers understand the process of motivation if they are to guide their employees in accomplishing organizational objectives. Match each item to the component of the simple model of motivation that it best depicts.
a. Rewards
b. Motivation
c. Unfulfilled need
d. Behaviors
e. Feedback
1. Desire is created to get things like food or water.
2. You search for ways to get things like food or water.
3. You make a choice for how to get things like food or water.
4. These can be either intrinsic or extrinsic.
5. Information tells you whether your choices worked or not.
Answer:
Motivation
Matching items to the component of the simple model of motivation that they best depict:
Item Component
1. Desire is created to get things like food or water. Unfulfilled need
2. You search for ways to get things like food or water. Motivation
3. You make a choice for how to get things like food or water. Behaviors
4. These can be either intrinsic or extrinsic. Rewards
5. Information tells you whether your choices worked or not. Feedback
Explanation:
Components of Motivation:
a. Rewards: can be intrinsic or extrinsic to the person receiving them.
b. Motivation: is a stimulating process.
c. Unfulfilled need: a desire or drive.
d. Behaviors: actions taken to satisfy a need.
e. Feedback: evaluative information after the event.
The budgeted income statement presented below is for Burkett Corporation for the coming fiscal year. Compute the number of units that must be sold in order to achieve a target pretax income of $183,500. Sales (55,000 units) $ 990,000 Costs: Direct materials $ 202,000 Direct labor 240,500 Fixed factory overhead 102,500 Variable factory overhead 150,500 Fixed marketing costs 110,500 Variable marketing costs 50,500 856,500 Pretax income $ 133,500
Answer:
see explanation
Explanation:
Units to achieve target profit = Target Profit + Fixed Cost ÷ Contribution margin ratio.
where ,
Contribution margin ratio = Contribution ÷ Sales
The budget director for Kanosh Cleaning Services prepared the following list of expected selling and administrative expenses. All expenses requiring cash payments are paid for in the month incurred except salary expense and insurance. Salary is paid in the month following the month in which it is incurred. The insurance premium for six months is paid on October 1. October is the first month of operations; accordingly, there are no beginning account balances.
October November December
Budgeted S&A Expenses
Equipment lease expense $5,800 $5,800 $5,800
Salary expense 6,700 7,200 7,600
Cleaning supplies 2,880 2,720 3,040
Insurance expense 1,800 1,800 1,800
Depreciation on computer 2,400 2,400 2,400
Rent 2,100 2,100 2,100
Miscellaneous expenses 710 710 710
Total operating expenses $22,390 $22,730 $23,450
Schedule of Cash Payments for S&A Expenses
Equipment lease expense
Prior month's salary expense 100%
Cleaning supplies
Insurance premium
Depreciation on computer
Rent
Miscellaneous expenses
Total disbursements for operating expenses $22,290 $18,030 $18,850
Required:
a. Complete the schedule of cash payments for S&A expenses by filling in the missing amounts.
b. Determine the amount of salaries payable the company will report on its pro forma balance sheet at the end of the fourth quarter.
c. Determine the amount of prepaid insurance the company will report on its pro forma balance sheet at the end of the fourth quarter.
Answer:
Explanation:
c. Determine the amount of prepaid insurance the company will report on its pro forma balance sheet at the end of the fourth quarter.
The answer is 5400 because "at the end of the 4th quarter is only consists of 3 months (oct-dec). By taking the total amount you paid for all 6 months minus what you have to pay for 3 months.
A machine purchased three years ago for $360,000 has a current book value using straight-line depreciation of $200,000; its operating expenses are $30,000 per year. A replacement machine would cost $240,000, have a useful life of nine years, and would require $13,000 per year in operating expenses. It has an expected salvage value of $65,000 after nine years. The current disposal value of the old machine is $85,000; if it is kept 9 more years, its residual value would be $10,000.
Required:
a. Calculate the total costs in keeping the old machine and purchase a new machine.
Old machine New Machine
Total cost :
b. Should the old machine be replaced?
Yes
No
Answer: See explanation
Explanation:
a. Calculate the total costs in keeping the old machine and purchase a new machine.
The total costs in keeping the old machine will be:
Opportunity cost = $85000 - $10000 = $75000
Add: Opening costs = 30000 × 9 = $270000
Total cost = $75000 + $270000 = $345000
The total cost in buying a new machine will be:
Opportunity cost = $240000 - $65000 = $175000
Add: Opening costs = 13000 × 9 = $117000
Total cost = $175000 + $117000 = $292000
b. Should the old machine be replaced?
Yes. The old machine should be replaced because it's cost is higher.
Gull Corp. is considering selling its old popcorn machine and replacing it with a newer one. The old machine has a book value of $5,000, and its remaining useful life is five years. Annual costs are $4,000. A high school is willing to buy it for $2,000. New equipment would cost $18,000 with annual operating costs of $1,500. The new machine has an estimated useful life of five years.
Should the machine be replaced?
Proposal to Replace Equipment
Annual Variable Costs - Present Equipment $
Annual Variable Costs - New Equipment
Annual Differential Decrease in Cost $
Number of Years Applicable
Total Differential Decrease in Cost $
Proceeds from Sales of Present Equipment $
Cost of New Equipment
Annual Net Differential Increase in Cost - New Equipment $
Answer: No. The machine shouldn't be replaced.
Explanation:
Proposal to Replace Equipment
Annual Variable Costs - Present Equipment = $4000
Less: Annual Variable Costs - New Equipment = $1500
Annual Differential Decrease in Cost = $2500
Number of Years Applicable = 5
Total Differential Decrease in Cost = $2500 × 5 = $12500
Proceeds from Sales of Present Equipment = $2000
Cost of New Equipment = $8000
Annual Net Differential Increase in Cost - New Equipment = $18000 - $2000 = $16000
The machine shouldn't be replaced as the total differential decrease in cost is less than the annual net differential increase in cost of the new equipment.
ABC Corporation has total assets of 120 million, total liabilities of 80 million, Goodwill of 12 million, and 4 millions of shares outstanding. If you believe the reasonable price to tangible book value should be 1.6 for this company, what is the implied share price of ABC
Answer: $16
Explanation:
Implied share price = Book value per share * Price to tangible book value
Book value per share = (Assets - Liabilities) / Number of shares outstanding
= (120 - 80) / 4
= $10
Implied share price = 10 * 1.6
= $16
Which of the following is not characteristic of long-run equilibrium under monopolistic competition? Price equals minimum average total cost. marginal cost equals marginal revenue. Price is equal to average total cost. Price exceeds marginal cost.
Answer:
Price equals minimum average total cost.
Explanation:
A monopoly is a market structure which is typically characterized by a single-seller who sells a unique product in the market by dominance. This ultimately implies that, it is a market structure wherein the seller has no competitor because he is solely responsible for the sale of unique products without close substitutes.
Monopolistic competition can be defined as the market structure which comprises of elements of competitive markets (having many competitors) and monopoly.
Under monopolistic competition, organizations earn profits in the long-run equilibrium.
In long-run equilibrium under monopolistic competition, price does not equal minimum average total cost.
When a monopolistically competitive firm is in long-run equilibrium, marginal revenue is equal to marginal cost . This ultimately implies that in the long-run, firms engaging in monopolistic competitive market are often going to manufacture the quantity of goods where the marginal cost (MC) curve intersect with the marginal revenue (MR). Also, the price set would be greater than the minimum average total cost (ATC).
A certain company just announced it will cut next year's dividends from $4 to $2.50 per share and use the extra funds to expand. Prior to the announcement, the company's dividends were expected to grow at a 4% rate, and its share price was $50. With the planned expansion, the company's dividends are expected to grow at a 6% rate. What share price (in dollars) would you expect after the announcement
Answer:
P0 = $41.6666666 rounded off to $41.67
Explanation:
The constant growth model of dividend discount model (DDM) can be used to calculate the price of the stock today. DDM calculates the price of a stock based on the present value of the expected future dividends from the stock. The formula for price today under constant growth DDM is,
P0 = D1 / (r - g)
Where,
D1 is the dividend expected in Year 1 or next year
g is the constant growth rate in dividends
r is the discount rate or required rate of return
We first need to calculate the required rate of return for this company based on the previous growth rate, dividend and current share price prior to announcement.
50 = 4 / (r - 0.04)
50 * (r - 0.04) = 4
50r - 2 = 4
50r = 4 + 2
r = 6 / 50
r = 0.12 or 12%
Now using the post announcement data, the new share price will be,
P0 = 2.5 / (0.12 - 0.06)
P0 = $41.6666666 rounded off to $41.67
Suppose you are a manager of a firm that operates in a duopoly. Recently, the state attorney general fined you and your competitor for price fixing. In your market, firms only set prices, not total quantities to sell. From previous experience, you know your competitor has a marginal cost of $ 6.72 . Further, your marginal costs are $ 6.70 . The previous cartel price was $10.00, when you and your competitor were price fixing.
Required:
What price level do you now choose to maximize profits?
Answer: The price level chosen to maximize profits will be $ 6.71
Explanation:
Whenever there is price fixing between two competitors, and one of the competitor decides to choose a price level. Such competitor must ensure that the price level chosen to maximize profit does not exceed his or her competitor's marginal cost but can be above his or her marginal cost .
Since the price fixing is $10 from previous cartel price so the best price level to maximize the profit would be less than my rival's price of $ 6.72 and more than my marginal cost of $ 6.70 which is $ 6.71
Viola has to relocate for her job. She finds a townhome with an option to rent or buy. The conditions of each are shown below. Rent: Move-in costs of $2,380 and.monthly payment of $845. Buy: Move-in costs of $5,260 and monthly payment of $785. Viola moves frequently due to her job, but she thinks that she will stay in the area for 4 years. Therefore, she decided to buy. Cho0se the best evaluation of Viola's deci a. Since the costs would be the same over the 4 year period, she will have made a good decision if the property value does not decrease. b. She made a fairly good decision. Buying the townhome will be cheaper over the 4 year period as long as she doesn't have major repairs to make. C. She made a poor decision if the property value does not increase. Renting the townhome would be cheaper over the 4 year period. d. There is not enough information given to determine which option is best.
Answer: C
Explanation: i took a test on k12 with the same answer
Answer:
A
Explanation:
Since the costs would be the same over the 4 year period, she will have made a good decision if the property value does not decrease.
Dream House Builders, Inc. applies overhead by linking it to direct labor. At the start of the current period, management predicts total direct labor costs of $100,000 and total overhead costs of $20,000. On January 31, the direct labor for this job equals $2,700.
Required:
Write the journal entry.
Answer:
Explanation:
To solve this question, we need to calculate the predetermined overhead rate first and this will be:
= Estimated overhead / Direct labor cost
= $20,000 / $100,000
= 20% of cost of direct labor
Then we calculate the factory overhead which will be:
= Direct Labor × Predetermined overhead rate
= $2700 × 20%
= $540
Then, the journal entry will be:
31 Dec:
Debit Work in Process $540
Credit: Factory overhead $540
(To record overhead applied).
The following data relate to Ramesh Company’s defined benefit pension plan: ($ in millions) Plan assets at fair value, January 1 $ 780 Expected return on plan assets 78 Actual return on plan assets 62 Contributions to the pension fund (end of year) 136 Amortization of net loss 16 Pension benefits paid (end of year) 23 Pension expense 108 Required: Determine the amount of pension plan assets at fair value on December 31. (Enter your answers in millions. Amounts to be deducted should be indicated with a minus sign.
Answer:
$955 million
Explanation:
Calculation to Determine the amount of pension plan assets at fair value on December 31
(millions)
Plan Assets Beginning of the year $780
Actual return $62
Cash contributions $136
Less: Retiree benefits($23)
End of the year pension plan assets $955
Therefore the amount of pension plan assets at fair value on December 31 is $955 million
Project A requires a $315,000 initial investment for new machinery with a five-year life and a salvage value of $34,500. The company uses straight-line depreciation. Project A is expected to yield annual net income of $20,400 per year for the next five years. Compute Project A's payback period.
Match the cost variance component to its definition.
a. Actual quantity
b. Standard quantity
c. Actual price
d. Standard price Standard price drop zone empty.
1. The amount paid to acquire input.
2. The input used to manufacture the quantity of output
3. The expected input for the quantity of output
4. The expected price
Answer:
1. C
2. A
3. B
4. D
Explanation:
Price can be defined as the amount of money that is required to be paid by a buyer (customer) to a seller (producer) in order to acquire goods and services.
In sales and marketing, pricing of products is considered to be an essential element of a business firm's marketing mix because place, promotion and product largely depends on it.
In Accounting, costing is the measurement of the cost of production of goods and services by assessing the fixed costs and variable costs associated with each step of production.
The various types of cost variance components and their definition includes the following;
1. Actual price: the amount paid to acquire input.
2. Actual quantity: the input used to manufacture the quantity of output.
3. Standard quantity: the expected input for the quantity of output.
4. Standard price: the expected price.
Answer: actual quantity= input used to manufacture the quantity of output
Standard= expected input for the quantity of output
Actual= the amount paid to acquire input
Standard= expected price
Explanation:
Dawson Toys, Ltd., produces a toy called the Maze. The company has recently created a standard cost system to help control costs and has established the following standards for the Maze toy:
Direct materials: 6 microns per toy at $1.50 per micron
Direct labor: 1.3 hours per toy at $21 per hour
During July, the company produced 3,000 Maze toys. The toy's production data for the month are as follows: Direct materials: 25,000 microns were purchased at a cost of $1.48 per micron. 5,000 of these microns were still in inventory at the end of the month. Direct labor: 4,000 direct labor-hours were worked at a cost of $88,000.
Required:
Compute the variances for July.
Answer and Explanation:
The computation of the variance is shown below;
a) Material price variance is
= (Standard price - actual price) × actual quantity
= ($1.5 - $1.48) × 25000
= $500 F
b. Material quantity variance is
= (Standard quantity - actual quantity) × Standard price
= (3000 × 6 - 20,000) × 1.5
= $3,000 U
c) Labor rate variance is
= (Standard rate - actual rate) × actual hours
= ($21 × 4000 - $88,000)
= $4,000 U
d. Labor efficiency variance is
= (Standard hour - actual hour) × Standard rate
= (3000 × 1.3 - 4000) × 21
= $2,100 U
Susan is a plant manager in charge of a factory in a relatively poor country. Even though market wages are low, she decides to raise the wages of her workers. Her decision A. might increase profits if it means that the wage is high enough for her workers to eat a nutritious diet that makes them more productive. B. will help eliminate the excess supply of labor. C. may cause her workers to reduce the effort they expend at their jobs. D. All of the above are correct.
Answer:
A. might increase profits if it means that the wage is high enough for her workers to eat a nutritious diet that makes them more productive
Explanation:
Since in the given situation, it is mentioned that she wants to increase the wages of her workers even though market wages are less. This decision would be taken to rise the profits so that the labor have enough to eat a nutritious diet due to which they give more productivity this results in accomplish the company goals & objectives in an efficient way
hence, the option is a.
On December 1, 2020, Sheridan Corporation incurs a 15-year $400000 mortgage liability in conjunction with the acquisition of an office building. This mortgage is payable in monthly installments of $4800, which include interest computed at the rate of 12% per year. The first monthly payment is made on December 31, 2020. The portion of the second monthly payment made on January 31, 2021, which represents repayment of principal is: $800. $4800. $808. $3992.
Which task would most lIkely be completed by a fraud examiner?
Answer:
prepare documents to present in court as evidence.
Your Submission:
1
Which of the following is not an objective of compensating employees?
To motivate employees
To be fair and consistent to all categories of international employees
To attract valuable personnel
To facilitate the transfer of employees no matter the cost
2
What is the first and most frequent international HR concern?
Training programs
O Expatriate com
Answer:
An organization do not need to compensate employee in order to be fair. If there's someone doing that it is not totally wrong though, it will encourage haziness and uncared attitude in such organization.
Jeremy Ortiz is an employee of Insulor Flooring, where his job responsibilities include selling service contracts to customers. Jeremy is single with two withholding allowances. He receives an annual salary of $36,000 and receives a 3 percent commission on all sales. During the semimonthly pay period ending September 29, 20XX, Jeremy sold $20,000 of service contracts.
Required:
Complete the payroll register for the September 29 pay period.
Answer:
Pay recorded for September 29 is $2,100
Explanation:
Jeremy Ortiz is paid based on two sources of income. The first being the annual salary of $36,000 and the second is the commission on all the service contracts sold, which is 3%.
Since the pay period is of semimonthly (15 days), the annual salary would be divided by 24 instead of the regular 12 months. This would mean that salary of $1,500 ($36,000 / 24) would be recorded in the payroll register.
For the commission, the sales done during this semimonthly period was $20,000 of service contracts. The commission at 3% of all sales would be $600 ($20,000 x 3%).
Total pay recorded in the payroll register for the September 29 period would be $2,100 ($1,500 + $600).
Woody Lightyear is considering the purchase of a toy store from Andy Enterprises. Woody expects the store will generate net cash flows (cash inflows less cash outflows) of $60,000 per year for 20 years. At the end of the 20 years, he intends to sell the store for $600,000. To finance the purchase, Woody will borrow using a 20-year note that requires 9% interest.
Required:
What is the maximum amount Woody should offer Andy for the toy store?
Answer: $654,769
Explanation:
Woody should find the present value of the cash inflows and the amount he plans to sell the company for after 20 years.
As the cash inflows are constant, they are an annuity.
Present value of annuity = Annuity * Present value interest factor of an annuity, 9%, 20 years
= 60,000 * 9.1285
= $547,710
Add the present value of the selling price:
= 547,710 + 600,000 / (1 + 9%)²⁰
= $654,768.53
= $654,769
The maximum amount woody should offer is $654,769.
What is the present value annuity factor?The present value annuity factor is used to calculate today's value of future one-dollar cash flows.
P = PMT * [1 – [ (1 / 1+r)^n] / r]
Given:
Net cash flows=$60,000 for 20 years
Sale price after 20 years=$600,000
Interest Rate=9%
As the cash inflows are constant, their is annuity.
Present value of annuity = Annuity X Present value annuity factor(at the rate 9% for 20 years)
= 60,000 X 9.1285
= $547,710
the selling price should be added as it is the current /todays price
= 547,710 + 600,000 / (1 + 0.9)²⁰
= $654,768.53
= $654,769
Therefore, the above calculation aptly describes $654,769 is the maximum amount Woody should offer.
Learn more about the present value annuity factor here:
https://brainly.com/question/21801625
The economy is in long-run equilibrium. Technological change shifts the long-run aggregate supply curve $120 billion to the right. At the same time, government purchases increase by $30 billion. If the MPC equals 0.8 and the crowding-out effects are $30 billion, we would expect that in the long run. (C)
a. real GDP would be higher but the price level would be lower
b. both real GDP and the price level would be lower
c. real GDP would be higher but the price level would be the same
d. both real GDP and the price level would be higher
Answer:
C. Real GDP would be higher but the price level would be the same
Explanation:
Real gdp would get to be higher as long run aggregate supply goes up. Prices would go down because as long run aggregate supply goes up, aggregate demand does not experience the same proportional increase. As long run aggregate supply goes up, short run aggregate supply falls backwards.
Kingston Specialty Corporation manufactures joint products P and Q. During a recent period, joint costs amounted to $80,000 in the production of 20,000 gallons of P and 60,000 gallons of Q. Kingston can sell P and Q at split-off for $2.20 per gallon and $2.60 per gallon, respectively. Alternatively, both products can be processed beyond the split-off point, as follows: P Q Separable processing costs $ 15,000 $ 35,000 Sales price (per gallon) if processed beyond split-off $ 3 $ 4 The joint cost allocated to Q under the net-realizable-value method would be:
Answer:
The joint cost allocated to Q under the net-realizable-value method would be $62,400.
Explanation:
Note: See the attached excel file for the Calculation of the increase or decrease in profit if the products are processed further using net-realizable-value method to allocate Joint Cost.
From the attached excel file, the Product Q Share of joint costs at split-off (in bold red color is $62,400.
Therefore, the joint cost allocated to Q under the net-realizable-value method would be $62,400.
Forecasting is the heart of planning process. Explain
Answer:
Forecasting is a very important step in the planning process, so much that without forecasting, the planning process for a project of a firm as a whole would not be possible.
Explanation:
The reason is that by definition, planning corresponds to a process that will be realized at some point in the future, (whether in the long or short-term depends on the planning horizon), and for the most part, information about the future is uncertain, and hard to predict. For that reason, the planning process must use forecasting methods to determine important variables like future sales, future revenue, future costs, and so on.
There are many forecasting techniques. For the most part, these techniques are statistical in nature and based on past information that is supposed to replicate somehow in the future. However, sometimes, more qualitative or intuitive forecasting methods are used, when statistical information is hard to come by.
25 points and brainliest. Dawn works in a car manufacturing factory. She spends her day
assembling the locks for car doors and placing them along an assembly
line. The pathway in the Manufacturing career cluster that Dawn
works in is
Production
Manufacturing Production Process Development
Maintenance, Installation & Repair
Quality Assurance
Answer:
im pretty sure the answer is "Manufacturing Production Process Development"
Answer:
cool beanzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz
Explanation:
4561515
31561
561561253
1253
A borrower has secured a 30-year, $150,000 loan at 7% with monthly payments. Fifteen years later, the borrower has the opportunity to refinance with a fifteen-year mortgage at 6%. However, the up-front fees, which will be paid in cash, are $2,500. What is the return on investment if the borrower expects to remain in the home for the next fifteen years
Answer:
Return on investment ≈ 29%
Explanation:
using excel function
Determine :
Rate = 7% / 12 = 0.0058
Nper value = 30 years * 12 = 360
PV = -$150,000
∴ PMT value = $997.95
next : calculate the outstanding balance 15 years later
= ( 997.95 / 0.00583 ) * ( 1 - ( 1 / ( 1 + 0.00583 )^15*12 ))
= 171174.96 * 0.6489
= $ 111,075.43
Considering the opportunity to refinance
Rate = 6% /12 = 0.005
Nper = 15 * 12 = 180
Pv = - $111,075.43
∴ PMT = 937.32
the monthly saved up payment = PMT 1 - PMT 2
= 997.95 - 937.32 = $60.63
Finally
Rate of return on investment
= 2500 = 60.63 * [tex]( \frac{1 - (\frac{1+r}{12})^{-15*12} }{r} )[/tex]
hence Rate of return ≈ 29 %
attached below is a screenshot of the excel function used for question 2 and it can be used for question 1 as well just change the values