Answer:
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Explanation:
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Hypochlorous acid decays in the presence of ultraviolet radiation. Assume that degradation occurs accord- ing to first-order kinetics and the rate of degradation was measured to be 0.12 day−1 (at a particular sun- light intensity and temperature). Given this, how long does it take for the concentration of hypochlorous acid to reach nondetectable levels (0.05 mg · L−1) if the initial concentration were 3.65 mg · L−1?
Answer:
35.75 days
Explanation:
From the given information:
For first-order kinetics, the rate law can be expressed as:
[tex]\mathsf{In \dfrac{C}{C_o} = -kt}[/tex]
Given that:
the rate degradation constant = 0.12 / day
current concentration C = 0.05 mg/L
initial concentration C₀ = 3.65 mg/L
[tex]\mathsf{In( \dfrac{0.05}{3.65})= -(0.12) t}[/tex]
㏑(0.01369863014) = -(0.12) t
-4.29 = -(0.12)
t = -4.29/-0.12
t = 35.75 days
Sound travels through the air in
Answer:
Sound travels through the air in approximately 332 metres per second?
Explanation:
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Which statement best describes the formula equation Cl2(g) + 2KBr(aq) Right arrow. 2KCl(aq)+ Br2(l)?
Carbon iodide reacts with potassium bromide to form potassium carbon iodide and bromine.
Bromine gas reacts with a solution of potassium chloride to form potassium bromide and chlorine gas.
Potassium bromine gas reacts with liquid chlorine to form potassium chloride in solution and bromine gas.
Chlorine gas reacts with potassium bromide to form potassium chloride in solution and liquid bromine.
Answer:
Chlorine gas reacts with potassium bromide to form potassium chloride in solution and liquid bromine.
Answer:
DDDDD
Explanation:
A solution containing 1.22 g of a diprotic acid H2CH2O4 (malonic acid)
was titrated with 45.5 mL of NaOH to reach the second equivalence
point. What is the concentration of the NaOH solution? (MW_malonic
acid = 104.06 g/mol)
Answer:
0.515 M
Explanation:
The reaction that takes place is:
H₂CH₂O₄ + 2NaOH → Na₂CH₂O₄ + 2H₂OFirst we convert 1.22 g of malonic acid into moles, using its molar mass:
1.22 g ÷ 104.06 g/mol = 0.01172 molThen we convert 0.01172 malonic acid moles into NaOH moles, using the stoichiometric coefficients of the balanced reaction:
0.01172 mol H₂CH₂O₄ * [tex]\frac{2molNaOH}{1molH_2CH_2O_4}[/tex] = 0.02344 mol NaOHFinally we calculate the concentration of the NaOH solution, using the number of moles and given volume:
Converting 45.5 mL ⇒ 45.5/1000 = 0.0455 L
0.02344 mol / 0.0455 L = 0.515 M(answer is a period table element!) When apprehending a suspect, try not to put your ____ on him.
Answer:
H
Explanation:
try not to put your hands on him
g 1. Write a mechanism for the Grignard reaction of benzophenone with phenylmagnesium bromide. Be as complete as possible and show electron flow for all steps.
Answer:
See explanation and image attached
Explanation:
The reaction between benzophenone and phenylmagnesium bromide is a Grignard reaction.
A Grignard reagent is any alkyl magnesium halide compound. In this case, the Grignard reagent is phenylmagnesium bromide.
Reaction of Grignard reagent with a ketone yields all alcohol. Thus, the reaction of benzophenone with phenylmagnesium bromide yields triphenyl methanol.
The mechanism of the reaction and all electron movements are shown in the image attached to this answer.
You have 100 mL of a solution of benzoic acid in water; the amount of benzoic acid in the solution is estimated to be about 0.30 g. The distribution coefficient of benzoic acid in diethyl ether and water is approximately 10. Calculate the amount of acid that would be left in the water solution after four 20-mL extractions with ether.
Answer:
0.00370 g
Explanation:
From the given information:
To determine the amount of acid remaining using the formula:[tex]\dfrac{(final \ mass \ of \ solute)_{water}}{(initial \ mass \ of \ solute )_{water}} = (\dfrac{v_2}{v_1+v_2\times k_d})^n[/tex]
where;
v_1 = volume of organic solvent = 20-mL
n = numbers of extractions = 4
v_2 = actual volume of water = 100-mL
k_d = distribution coefficient = 10
∴
[tex]\dfrac{(final \ mass \ of \ solute)_{water}}{0.30 \ g} = (\dfrac{100 \ ml}{100 \ ml +20 \ ml \times 10})^4[/tex]
[tex]\dfrac{(final \ mass \ of \ solute)_{water}}{0.30 \ g} = (\dfrac{100 \ ml}{100 \ ml +200 \ ml})^4[/tex]
[tex]\dfrac{(final \ mass \ of \ solute)_{water}}{0.30 \ g} = (\dfrac{1}{3})^4[/tex]
[tex]\dfrac{(final \ mass \ of \ solute)_{water}}{0.30 \ g} = 0.012345[/tex]
Thus, the final amount of acid left in the water = 0.012345 * 0.30
= 0.00370 g
calculate the maximum theoretical percent recovery from the recrystallization of 1.00g of benzoic acid
Answer:
The maximum theoretical percent recovery from the recrystallization of 1.00 g of benzoic acid from 15 mL of water = 94.9%
Note: The question is incomplete. A similar but complete question is given below:
The solubility of benzoic acid in water is 6.80g per 100mL at 100 degrees C and 0.34 g per 100mL at 25 degrees C.
Calculate the maximum theoretical percent recovery from the recrystallization of 1.00 g of benzoic acid from 15 mL of water, assuming the solution is filtered at 25 degrees C.
Explanation:
Solubility of benzoic acid in water at 100 degrees C = 6.80g per 100mL
Solubility of benzoic acid in water at 25 degrees C = 0.34 g per 100mL
Mass of benzoic acid to be theoretically recovered from 100 mL of water = 6.80 g - 0.34 g = 6.46 g
At 25 degrees;
0.34 g of benzoic acid is present in 100 mL of water
x g of benzoic acid will be present in 15 mL of water
x = 0.34 × 15 / 100 = 0.051 g
Mass of benzoic acid to be theoretically recovered from 25 mL of water = 1.00 g - 0.051 g = 0.949 g
Maximum theoretical percent recovery = (mass recovered / original mass dissolved) x 100%
Maximum theoretical percent recovery = (0.949 / 1.00) × 100% = 94.9 %
Therefore, the maximum theoretical percent recovery from the recrystallization of 1.00 g of benzoic acid from 15 mL of water = 94.9%
Which of the following is a nonpolar molecule?
O A. A nitrogen molecule (N2)
B. A nitrogen monoxide molecule (NO)
C. A linear nitrogen oxide molecule (N20) with nitrogen in the center
D. A bent nitrogen dioxide molecule (NO) with nitrogen in the center
Answer: The correct option is A) a nitrogen molecule.
Explanation:
Polar covalent molecules are defined as chemical compounds in which the difference in electronegativity between the atoms is not equal to 0. These molecules are formed by heteronuclear molecules.
Heteronuclear molecules are defined as the molecules which are formed by the combination of more than one type of atom having a different nucleus.
Non-polar covalent molecules are defined as chemical compounds in which the difference in electronegativity between the atoms is equal to 0. These molecules are formed by homonuclear molecules.
Homonuclear molecules are defined as the molecules which are formed by the combination of one type of atom having the same nucleus.
From the given options:
A) A nitrogen moleculeIt is a homonuclear molecule formed by the combination of 2 nitrogen atoms
B) A nitrogen monoxide moleculeIt is a heteronuclear molecule formed by the combination of 1 nitrogen and 1 oxygen atoms
C) A linear nitrogen oxide molecule [tex](N_2O)[/tex] with nitrogen in the centerIt is a heteronuclear molecule formed by the combination of 2 nitrogen and 1 oxygen atom and has some dipole moment. Thus, is considered a polar molecule
D) A bent nitrogen dioxide molecule [tex](NO_2)[/tex] with nitrogen in the centerIt is a heteronuclear molecule formed by the combination of 1 nitrogen and 2 oxygen atoms and has some dipole moment. Thus, is considered a polar molecule
Hence, the correct option is A) a nitrogen molecule.
Share the same molecular formula but have different connectivity of atoms and different physical properties.
Answer:
Constitutional Isomers
Explanation:
Constitutional isomers can be regarded as structural isomers ,these are compounds that have the same molecular formula with different structural formulas. Example is Butane and isobutane; both compound posses the same molecular formula(C4H10) with different structural formulas. compounds of Constitutional isomers are differ in term of connectivity, which
is the way the constituent atoms are been connected to another. It should be noted that Constitutional Isomers Share the same molecular formula but have different connectivity of atoms and different physical properties.
Ammonia fumes is found to permanently fog soft contact lenses. Students wearing soft contact lenses should be particularly careful when doing this experiment. Will wearing goggles or other eye protection remove the risk or danger for these students?
Answer:
Wearing goggles or other eye protection will remove the risk or danger for these students
Explanation:
Soft contact lenses are usually worn in the eyes and Ammonia compound may fog the lens thereby retaining the particles of ammonia which could spread to the eye and cause a lot of damage to it.
Using a goggle is usually more effective in dealing with the risks involved as they prevent the Ammonia from having any contact at all with the eyes due to the far proximity to the eyes when compared to contact lenses.
how old was the oldest animal fossil
help thx
Answer:
the Rhyniognatha hirsti
Explanation:
at age 400 million years old
QUESTION 3 (a) Ammonium sulphate, (NH),50, is a soluble salt and it is used in agriculture as fertiliser. 5 g of ammonium sulphate is dissolved in 1 litre of water to produce ammonium sulphate solution. (Relative atomie mass: H = 1, N = 14,0 = 16, )
Calculate
(1) the number of inoles of dissolved ammonium sulphate
(ii) the number of molecules present in the ammonium sulphate solution.
(iii) the number of positive ions present in the ammonium sulphate solution
(iv) the number of negative ions present in the ammonium sulphate solution
(v) the total number of ions present in the ammonium sulphate solution
Answer:
The equation: (NH₄)₂SO₄ = 2NH4(+) + SO4(-2)
The number of moles = 5 g / 132.14 g/mol = 0.038 mol
The number of molecules = 0.038 X 6.022x10^23 = 2.29x10^23
the number of positive ions present in the ammonium sulphate solution:
2 positive ions for every 1 molecule of (NH₄)₂SO₄
so 2 x 2.29x10^23 = 4.58x10^23
the number of negative ions present in the ammonium sulphate solution
1 negative ion for every 1 molecule of (NH₄)₂SO₄
so 1 x 2.29x10^23 = 2.29x10^23
the total number of ions present in the ammonium sulphate solution
4.58x10^23 + 2.29x10^23 = 6.87x10^23
why it is wrong to use the term 'Pure Air' in Science?
Explanation:
Air is a combination of other gases, dust particles, pollens, spores etc. This means that air is a heterogeneous mixture where particles are unevenly distributed.
Air is not considered as a pure substance because there is not one element present in air. A substance which contains only one type of element is called a pure substance.
Therefore, it is wrong to use the term 'Pure Air' in Science.
Why would iron filings rust faster than an iron nail?
Answer:
Rust forms on iron filings faster than on a large iron block
Explanation:
Because the surface area exposed to air in the refrigerator is greater than its area by mass, the rust-forming reaction occurs faster.
What is the molarity of a solution containing 0.32 moles of NaCI in 3.4 liters
Answer:
.094 M
Explanation: 0.32molNaCl/ 3.4L = .094M
If two gases, A and B, in separate 1 liter containers exert
pressures of 2 atm and 3 atm respectively, what will be the
pressure exerted when both gases are put together in a single
1 liter container?
Answer:
5Atm
Explanation:
I just guess and it’s right
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Calculate the amount of heat needed to melt 160. g of solid octane (C8H18 ) and bring it to a temperature of 99.2 degrees c. Round your answer to 3 significant digits. Also, be sure your answer contains a unit symbol.
Answer: The amount of heat needed to melt the given amount of octane is 84.6 kJ
Explanation:
We know:
Boiling point of Octane = [tex]125.6^oC[/tex]
Few processes involved are:
(1): [tex]C_8H_{18} (s) (-57^oC, 219K) \rightleftharpoons C_8H_{18}(s) (-57^oC, 219K[/tex]
(2): [tex]C_8H_{18}(l) (-57^oC, 219K) \rightleftharpoons C_8H_{18}(l) (99.2^oC,372.2K)[/tex]
Calculating the heat absorbed for the process having same temperature:
[tex]q=n\times \Delta H_{(f)}[/tex] ......(i)
where,
q is the amount of heat absorbed, n is the moles of sample and [tex]\Delta H_{(f)}[/tex] is the enthalpy of fusion
Calculating the heat released for the process having different temperature:
[tex]q=n\times C_{l}\times (T_2-T_1)[/tex] ......(ii)
where,
n = moles of sample
[tex]C_{l}[/tex] = specific heat of liquid
[tex]T_2\text{ and }T_1[/tex] are final and initial temperatures respectively
The number of moles is defined as the ratio of the mass of a substance to its molar mass.
The equation used is:
[tex]\text{Number of moles}=\frac{\text{Given mass}}{\text{Molar mass}}[/tex] ......(3)
Given mass of octane = 160. g
Molar mass of octane = 114.23 g/mol
Plugging values in equation 3:
[tex]\text{Moles of octane }=\frac{160.g}{114.23g/mol}=1.40 mol[/tex]
For process 1:We are given:
[tex]n=1.40mol\\\Delta H_{fusion}=20.740 kJ/mol[/tex]
Putting values in equation (i), we get:
[tex]q_1=1.40mol\times 20.470kJ/mol\\\\q_1=28.658kJ[/tex]
For process 2:We are given:
[tex]n=1.40mol\\C=255.68J/mol^oC\\T_2=99.2^oC\\T_1=-57^oC[/tex]
Putting values in equation (ii), we get:
[tex]q_2=1.40mol\times 255.68J/mol^oC\times (99.2-(-57))\\\\q_2=55912.10J=55.912kJ[/tex]
Calculating the total amount of heat released:
[tex]Q=q_1+q_2[/tex]
[tex]Q=[(28.658)+(55.912)]kJ=84.6kJ[/tex]
Hence, the amount of heat needed to melt the given amount of octane is 84.6 kJ
Which equation represents an addition reaction?
Answer:
Reactions in which a multiple bond between two atoms becomes partly or fully saturated by covalent attachments... A typical addition reaction may be illustrated by the hydrochlorination of propene (an alkene), for which the equation is CH3CH = CH2 + HCl → CH3C+HCH3 + Cl− → CH3CHClCH3.
Explanation:
thank me later
CH3CH = CH2 + HCl → CH3C+HCH3 + Cl− → CH3CHClCH3.
This reaction is the example of addition reaction.
What is an addition reaction?An addition reaction is defined as a chemical reaction in which two or more molecules combine to produce a bigger molecule. This type of reaction is called addition reaction.
So we can conclude that the formation of bigger molecule is the example of addition reaction.
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Describe the buffer capacity of the acetic acid buffer solution in relation to the addition of both concentrated and dilute acids and bases. Reference the results in Data Tables 1,2,3, and 4 in your answer.
Answer:
The more concentrated acetic acid buffer has a better buffer capacity because requires more moles of acid or base to change the pH than a more diluted acetic acid buffer.
Explanation:
Buffer capacity is defined as the moles of an acid or base that are needed to change the pH of a buffer in 1 unit.
A more concentrated solution of acetic buffer contains more moles of the acid per liter of solution. A solution that contains more moles of the acetic ion or the acetic acid requires more moles of base or acid to change the pH, that means:
The more concentrated acetic acid buffer has a better buffer capacity because requires more moles of acid or base to change the pH than a more diluted acetic acid buffer.
What will be the mass of 2 moles of propane gas?
a 20 grams
b 44 grams
c88 grams
d 30 grams
Answer: 88 grams
Explanation:
What is a chemical reaction that absorbs heat called?
A. A thermal energy reaction
B. A thermodynamic reaction
C. An endothermic reaction
D. An exothermic reaction
Answer:
maybe it's c. An endothermic reaction
An endothermic reaction is a chemical reaction that absorbs heat. Therefore, the correct option is option C.
An endothermic reaction in thermochemistry would be any thermodynamic process that results in a rise in the system's enthalpy H (or heat capacity U). A closed system typically helps to absorb thermal energy from the surroundings during such a process, which causes heat transfer through into system.
It could be a physical process, like the melting of ice cubes, or a chemical process, like the dissolution of ammonium nitrate (NH[tex]_4[/tex]NO[tex]_3[/tex]) throughout water (H[tex]_2[/tex]O). An endothermic reaction is a chemical reaction that absorbs heat.
Therefore, the correct option is option C.
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The [OH-] of a solution is 7.89 10^-12 M. What is the pH of the solution? it acidic or basic? *
Answer: pH = 2,897 , basic[tex][H+][OH-] = 10^{-14} ==> [H+] = \frac{10^{-14}}{7,89*10^{-12} } =\frac{1}{789} \\pH= -lg([H+]) = 2,897 \\pH<7 ==> basic[/tex]
Explanation:
This reaction was at equilibrium when 0.2 atm of iodine gas was pumped into the container, what happened to the equilibrium and the partial pressures of the gases
Answer:
Q was < K. Partial pressure of hydrogen decreased, iodine increased
Explanation:
After iodine was added the Q was [Select] K so the reaction shifted toward the Products [Select] ,The partial pressure of hydrogen [Select], Iodine [Select] |,and hydrogen iodide Decreased
Based on the equilibrium:
H2(g) + I2(g) ⇄ 2HI(g)
K of equilibrium is:
K = [HI]² / [H2] [I2]
Where [] are concentrations at equilibrium
And Q is:
Q = [HI]² / [H2] [I2]
Where [] are actual concentrations of the reactants.
When the reaction is in equilibrium, K=Q.
But as [I2] is increased, Q decreases and Q was < K
The only concentration that increases is [I2], doing partial pressure of hydrogen decreased, iodine increased
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Answer:
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Explanation:
Part B Identify the sets of quantum numbers that describe all the electrons in the ground state of a neutral beryllium atom, Be. Each set is ordered (n, l, me, ms). Drag the appropriate items to their respective bins. View Available Hint(s) Reset Help 2,0,0,1/2 2,1,-1,1/2 2,1,0,1/2 1,0,0,-1/2 2,1,-1,-12 1,0,0,1/2 2,1,0,-1/2 2,0,0,-1/2 Electrons in Be Electrons not in Be Submit
Answer: The set of quantum numbers for the electrons in Be atom are (2, 1, -1, 1/2), (1, 0, 0, 1/2), (1, 0, 0, -1/2) and (2, 0, 0, -1/2)
Explanation:
There are 4 quantum numbers:
Principal Quantum number (n) specifies the energy of the electron in a shell.Azimuthal Quantum number (l) specifies the shape of an orbital. The value of it lies in the range of 0 to (n-1)Magnetic Quantum number (m) specifies the orientation of the orbital in space. The value of it lies in the range of -l to +lSpin Quantum number (s) specifies the spin of an electron in an orbital. It can either have a value of [tex]+\frac{1}{2}[/tex] or [tex]-\frac{1}{2}[/tex]Berylium (Be) is the 4th element of periodic table having electronic configuration of [tex]1s^22s^2[/tex]
For electrons in 1s-orbital, the quantum numbers can be:For first electron:
[tex]n=1\\l=0\text{ (for s-subshell)}\\m=0\\s=+\frac{1}{2}[/tex]
For second electron:
[tex]n=1\\l=0\\m=0\\s=-\frac{1}{2}[/tex]
For electrons in 2s-orbital, the quantum numbers can be:For first electron:
[tex]n=2\\l=0\text{ (for s-subshell)}\\m=0\\s=+\frac{1}{2}[/tex]
For second electron:
[tex]n=2\\l=0\text{ (for s-subshell)}\\m=0\\s=-\frac{1}{2}[/tex]
Hence, the set of quantum numbers for the electrons in Be atom are (2, 1, -1, 1/2), (1, 0, 0, 1/2), (1, 0, 0, -1/2) and (2, 0, 0, -1/2)
Which of the following substances did Robert Brown observed upon forming the concept of Brownian motion?
A. Talc powder suspended in water
B. Talc powder suspended in air
C. Pollen grains suspended in water
D. Pollen grains suspended in air
Answer:
Talc powder suspended in air
What happens to milk when it is poured from a rectangular container into a round glass? (2 points)
Group of answer choices
The milk changes state from a liquid to a solid in the round glass.
The volume of the milk increases when it is poured into a round glass.
The volume of the milk decreases when it is poured into a round glass.
The milk takes the shape of the round glass.
Answer:
The milk takes shape of the round glass.
A hot air balloon has an air vent that keeps the air pressure inside and outside the same. Allen observes that a hot air balloon rises up when the gas molecules inside it are heated. Which
of the following laws is used to understand the behavior of the gas and why?
a) The high temperature brings the gas molecules closer together according to Charles's law because this law describes how a gas will behave at constant pressure
b) The high temperature makes the gas molecules spread apart according to Charles's law because this law describes how a gas will behave at constant pressure.
c) The high temperature lowers volume according to Boyle's law because this law describes how a gas will behave when the number of moles remains constant.
d) The high temperature ralses volume according to Boyle's law because this law describes how a gas will behave when the number of moles remains constant.
Answer:
B - The high temperature makes the gas molecules spread apart according to Charles's law because this law describes how a gas will behave at constant pressure.
Explanation:
Charle's Law describes the relationship between temperature and volume, where increased temperature leads to increased volume. When volume is increased, that means the gas molecules are more spread apart and have more random motion. Therefore, the answer is B.
The high temperature causes the gas molecules to spread apart according to Charles's law because explain how a gas, behave at constant pressure.
What does Charles law state?The physical principle called Charles' law which states that the volume of a gas equals a constant value many by its temperature as measured on the Kelvin scale.
Volume regaled by a clinched amount of gas is directly proportional to its temperature and pressure if remains steady.
Thus, option "B" is correct, the volume of a gas equals a constant value.
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