1. Complex viruses
2. Enveloped viruses
3. Polyhedral viruses
4. Helical viruses
What is virus structure?Viruses are infectious particles comprising of two components:
An outer structural component called the Capsid.
The inner genetic material made of single stranded or double stranded RNA (Ribonucleic Acid) or DNA (Deoxyribonucelic Acid).
The Capsid structure is made up of glycoproteins.
These glycoproteins are encoded by genes present in the viral genome.
The viruses are incapable of reproducing on its own.
They infect the host cells and hijack their metabolic machinery which includes the protein-synthesizing machinery and also utilize the raw materials of the host cells to produce the progeny virions which are then released out the host cells.
The capsid structure is responsible for packaging the viral genome and protecting it from various degrading agents present in the external environment like nucleases.
Thus, this could be the answer.
To learn more about virus click here:
https://brainly.com/question/15089969
#SPJ1
without a gallbladder, a person would be unable to produce bile by __________.
Answer:
its false
Explanation:
edge 2023
define of plant and crop residue cover ?
(Here's the table used for context)
Family / parent phenotype cross / phenotype ratio in offspring
1 / gray fur x black fur / 3 gray fur: 2 black fur
2 / gray fur x black fur / 0 gray fur: 5 black fur
3 / black fur x black fur / 1 gray fur: 3 black fur
4 / gray fur x gray fur / 4 gray fur: 0 black fur
Using the allele symbols N and n identify the most likely genotype of the parent wolves in family 1 and the most likely genotypes of the parent wolves in family 2. Be sure to identify which genotype is for the parent with gray fur and which genotype is for the parent with black fur in each family.
ok so, I'm having trouble understanding. i believe that the inheritance pattern could be dominant-recessive, but now I'm not too sure. families 1 and 2 have 5 offspring (which doesn't accommodate a dominant-recessive punnett square as that only accounts for 4 offspring). so i tried thinking of it in percentages instead but (in family 1 for example) 2/5 is 40% and 3/5 is 60% so that doesn't work with the dominant-recessive punnett square where each trait is 25%. so either I'm wrong about the inheritance pattern or I'm just full on . someone please help, i don't think I've ever been this confused in bio.
In complete dominance, heter0zyg0us individuals carry both alleles -dominant and recessive- but only express the dominant phentoype. Cross 1: Nn x nn. Cross 2: NN x nn
What is complete dominance?When the dominant allele completely masks the recessive allele, we talk about complete dominance.
This is the case of individuals that are heter0zyg0us for a particular gene and express the dominant trait. The dominant allele is hiding the expression of the recessive allele.
What is a punnett square?The Punnett square is a representation that shows the different types of gamete combinations according to the alleles involved in a cross.
Punnett square shows the probabilities of getting offspring with different genotypes and their consequent phenotypes.
So, according to the provided data,
Cross 1: gray fur x black fur
F1) 3 gray fur: 2 black fur
Cross 2: gray fur x black furF1) 0 gray fur: 5 black fur
By looking at the phenotype of progeny produced by family 2, and assuming complete dominance, we can infere that black is the dominant phenotype. Why is that? because when you crossed a gray animal with a black animal and the whole progeny is black.
So, assuming a diallelic gene coding for the fur color, we will name
N to the dominant allele that codes for blackn to the recessive allele that codes for gray.Possible genotypes and phenotypes
NN ⇒ Black fur ⇒ dominant phentoypeNn ⇒ Black fur ⇒ dominant phentoypenn ⇒ Grey fur ⇒ recessive phentoypeHere what you need to analyze is which phentoypes appear among the progeny and their frequencies to get to interprete the parents' genotype.
If both parents are h0m0zyg0us dominant (NN x NN), the whole progeny expresses the dominant trait (100% NN)If one parent is h0m0zyg0us dominant and the other one heter0zyg0us (NN x Nn), the whole progeny expresses the dominant trait (50%NN and 50%Nn).If one parent is h0m0zyg0us dominant and the other one h0m0zyg0us recessive (NN x nn), the whole progeny expresses the dominant trait (100% Nn).If both parents are heter0zyg0us (Nn x Nn), the offspring will express both phenotypes in a ratio 3:1 (25% NN + 50% Nn and 25% nn).If one parent is h0m0zyg0us recessive and the other one heter0zyg0us (nn x Nn), the offspring will express both phenotypes in a ratio 1:1 (50% Nn and 50% nn).If both parents are h0m0zyg0us recessive (nn x nn), the whole progeny will express the recessive trait (100% nn).Now let us analyze the crosses,
Cross 1: gray fur x black furF1) 3 gray fur: 2 black fur
You crossed a black animal with a gray animal and the offspring expresses both phenotypes. So the black animal (dominant phenotype) must be heter0zyg0us for coat color.
Parents' phenotype) gray and black
Parentals) nn x Nn
Alleles in Gametes) n n N n
Punnett square) N n
n Nn nn
n Nn nn
F1) Genotype
1/2 = 50% of the progeny is expected to be heter0zyg0us, Nn
1/2 = 50% of the progeny is expected to be h0m0zyg0us recessive nn
Phenotype
1/2 = 50% of the progeny is expected to be black -Nn-
1/2 = 50% of the progeny is expected to be gray -nn-
Cross 2: gray fur x black furF1) 0 gray fur: 5 black fur
You crossed a black animal with a gray animal and the offspring expresses only the dominant phenotypes. So the black animal must be h0m0zyg0us dominant for coat color.
Parents' phenotype) gray and black
Parentals) nn x NN
Alleles in Gametes) n n N N
Punnett square) N N
n Nn Nn
n Nn Nn
F1) Genotype
100% of the progeny is expected to be heter0zyg0us, Nn
Phenotype
100% of the progeny is expected to be black -Nn-
Remember that the Punnett square does not give you information about the number of individuals that can be produced. It just provide information about probabilities of getting individuals with certain genotype of phenotype and their frequencies.
You can learn more about complete dominance and punnett square at
https://brainly.com/question/1953851
https://brainly.com/question/25357981
#SPJ1
PLEASE HELP ASAP!
Show how the length of day changes with latitude by plotting the following points. Use the table below as a graph and place an X in the box where you want to plot a data point. For example, if you find that a day is 10 hours long at 30° N latitude, represent this data with an X in the box where 10 hours meets 30 degrees. (You may use a graphing program like Excel if you prefer.)
(on the grap the numbers going down on both sides are from, 24-0, at the bottom of both graphs it says, Latitude (in degrees) with the numbers, (0), (15), (30), (60),(75),(90)
Please don't answer unless you have the FULL answer, do not answer just to answer, unless you actually know the answer.
The number of daylight hours varies according to a site's latitudinal location and the day of the week or season.
How does the length of the day fluctuate throughout the year?Due to the sphericity of the Earth and its inclination with respect to the Sun, the length of the day or the number of daylight hours depends on the time of year and the latitude of a location.
At latitudes 90°N and 90°S, which are the locations closest to the poles, this fluctuation is particularly pronounced. For instance, the fluctuation of the hours of the day would be as follows in the latitudinal zone of 70°N:
Equinox of spring There is roughly 13.8 hours of daylight each day.
24 hours of light every day on the summer solstice.
12.4 hours of daylight every day during the autumnal equinox.
Zero hours of light each day on the winter solstice.
This variance happens because the Earth revolves around the sun, and the high latitudinal regions occasionally aren't exposed to the sun's rays.
Learn more about latitude here:
brainly.com/question/1383547
#SPJ1
According to the survival training expert in is survival selfish?. What is the reason that some people do not survive life-threatening situations?
They lose their ability to think clearly.life thretening situation is also a highstress situation, stress can disrupt synapse regulation, resulting in the loss of sociability and the avoidance of interactions with others or anything in general.
Do you think survival requires selfishness?Especially if the case is one in which other people are also trying to survive yes.
Some would not nescessarily call it selfishness, it would be more of an act that you have to, I see it kind of like self defense. It is not completely selfish, but a human has the instincts and knowledge to always survive, sometimes at the cost of being called "selfish"
Thus, the loss of sociability and the avoidance of interactions with others or anything in general.
To learn more about survival training click here:
https://brainly.com/question/24834892
#SPJ4
Why is astrology considered a pseudoscience?
a. it requires hypothesis testing.
b. it is based on empirical evidence.
c.it lacks controlled experiments.
d.it rejects unsupported claims.
Does the volume increase with trial number, decrease with trial number, or stay about
the same? Explain why you think the results are the way there are. There are many
possible reasons for the data trend you see. Give some that you think are reasonable
Answer:
Hi. You have not informed the experiment that this question relates to, making it difficult to respond to your query. However, I looked up your query on the internet and found one similar to yours that included an experiment that measured the volume of balloons inflated by people's breath.
The volume of the balloons remains constant throughout the number of tests, according to the results of the experiment. This is due to the fact that when we blow, our lungs prefer to express the same amount of air as when we breathe in regular settings. This is most likely due to the fact that all of the balloons were filled with air when the participants were in the same physical and mental condition, i.e., calm and still, causing the volume of air they breathed and emitted to remain constant. If the individuals in the experiment were exerting some physical effort or were stressed and concerned, the amount of air would be different.
Technological advancement of the society causes energy crisis in different parts of the world. one group of scientists has developed a plan to set up tidal power plants in different parts of the world to reduce the energy crisis. which of these statements best describes a drawback in the scientists' plan?
Limited installation sites best describes a drawback in the scientists' plan because tidal energy is not present everywhere.
Describes a drawback in the scientists' plan?
The big disadvantage of tidal power is that there are limited installation sites for it. It is expensive as well as the turbines can adversely impact the surrounding ecosystem.
So we can conclude that limited installation sites best describes a drawback in the scientists' plan because tidal energy is not present everywhere.
Learn more about energy here: https://brainly.com/question/13881533
#SPJ1
What factors keep populations from reaching their carrying capacity?
Which would have more effect on the evolution of plants and animals?
Answer:
E. onset of an ice age
Explanation:
3. A child has brown hair and brown eyes. His
father has brown hair and blue eyes. His mother
has red hair and brown eyes. The best explana-
tion for the child having brown hair and brown
eyes is that
(1) a gene mutation occurred that resulted in
brown hair and brown eyes
gene expression must change in each genera-
tion so evolution can occur
(3) the child received genetic information from
each parent
(4) cells from his mother's eyes were present in
the fertilized egg
7.
Answer:
25%
Explanation:
Parent 2's phenotype is dominant in the first trait, recessive in the second trait, and dominant in the third trait. Parent 2 is predicted to have 1664 children, or 25% of them, with the same trait. AabbCC and AabbCc are their genotypes.
Jayden is researching the Earth's
plates. How would he describe the
relationship between the Earth's plates
and soil and rocks?
Answer:
Geologists have hypothesized that the movement of tectonic plates is related to convection currents in the earth's mantle. Convection currents describe the rising, spread, and sinking of gas, liquid, or molten material caused by the application of heat.
The Earth's plates have a crucial relationship with soil and rocks. This connection is characterized by the plates' movement influencing the formation, distribution, and composition of soil and rocks across the planet.
The asthenosphere, which is semi-fluid beneath them, is separated into many tectonic plates that make up the Earth's lithosphere. Convective currents in the mantle cause these plates to move constantly. Processes like subduction, in which one plate falls beneath another, and rifting, in which plates move apart, are fueled by this movement. Mountains, valleys, and oceanic basins are all the result of these dynamic processes, which have a significant impact on the surface of the Earth.
Through volcanic activity and metamorphism, interactions between the plates also aid in the production of different types of rocks. Therefore, the distribution and makeup of soils and rocks on our globe are significantly shaped by plate movement, which also has an impact on landscapes, ecosystems, and geological characteristics.
To know more about Earth's plates here https://brainly.com/question/10508547
#SPJ3
3. The graph below shows the data you collected about bill lengths in two different habitats: pine forests and oak forests.
a) Study the data in the graph and explain how the bill length of the jays is affected by the habitat where they live.
pls answer fast urgent answer
Answer:
The pine jays
Explanation:
Its because the oak jays eat the hard round luscious fecal balls of the pine jays which causes them to have shorter bills.
The pine jays do not eat the feces of the oak jays instead they eat the long shiny smooth feces of the oak squirrels.
Hope this helped.
How does abiotic factors benefit the rocky shore ecosystem?
pls help
Abiotic factors benefit the rocky shore ecosystem by dispersing seeds for photosynthesis and source of food for organisms in the ecosystem.
What is Abiotic factor?This is defined as the non living components of the ecosystem and examples include water, wind etc.
The wind and water helps to disperse seeds and for photosynthetic activity thereby providing food for the organisms.
Read more about Abiotic factor here https://brainly.com/question/12689972
#SPJ1
suppose pollen from one of the suspects was consistent with the pollen found at the crime scene what arguments could the defense attorney present to discredit the evidence
The defense attorney can present the evidence that the pollen could have been transferred there by a pollinators such as bees or a butterflies to discredit the evidence.
What is pollen?Pollen is a tiny piece of matter which is produced by the male part of the flower and which is transferred to the female part of another flower.
Pollen can be transferred from one flower to another by means of pollinators such as bees and butterflies.
Therefore, the defense attorney can present the evidence that the pollen could have been transferred there by a pollinators such as a bee or a butterfly to discredit the evidence.
Learn more about pollen at: https://brainly.com/question/436949
#SPJ1
Some breeds of beef cattle have two color options, red and black, where the black version of the gene (B) is dominant over the red version (b).
A chromosomes
B alleles
C proteins
What kind of effect can a chromosomal change can have on an organism?
Opositive, negative, or no effect
Opositive or no effect
Onegative effect
Opositive or negative effect
Answer:
positive, negative, or no effect
Explanation:
The kind of effect that a chromosomal change can have on an organism is either positive, negative, or no effect.
The 3 main chromosomal disorders seen in humans are :
Down's SyndromeKlinefelter's SyndromeTurner's SyndromeAnswer:
Answer is A
Explanation:
Just trust me bro
The sciatic nerve extends from the lower spinal cord to the foot. If a person's sciatic nerve is 0.914 m in length and the speed of an action potential is 107 m/s, how long will it take for a nerve impulse to travel the full distance of this nerve?
Answer:
0.0085420560747664 Seconds
Explanation:
0.914 ÷ 107 = 0.0085420560747664
The time that the nerve will take for a nerve impulse to travel the full distance of this nerve is 0.00854 seconds.
What is a sciatic nerve?Sciatica is caused by a pinched sciatic nerve. The most common cause is a herniated disc in the spine or an overgrowth of bone, known as bone spurs, on the spinal bones.
A tumor can occasionally impose pressure on a nerve. A condition, such as diabetes, can also harm the nerve. The speed of something is how fast the object is moving. It is calculated by the distance divivded by time.
Given, the length of the sciatic nerve is 0.914 m
The speed of an action potential is 107 m/s.
The length is divided by the speed
0.914 / 107 = 0.00854 sec.
Therefore, the full distance of this nerve is 0.00854 seconds.
To learn more about sciatic nerve, refer to the link:
https://brainly.com/question/29307596
#SPJ2
Reducing, reusing, and recycling are used to make more ores. increase metal production. burn fossil fuels. conserve resources.
Answer:b
Explanation:
b
Answer:
it’s b
Explanation:
it’s just b
In which phase of mitosis does the nuclear envelope reform?.
A 45 year old female
with a history of dieting
continues to gain weight,
complains
of feeling cold
and is often tired
Answer:
Iron deficiency (anemia)
Hormonal and lifestyle differences like pregnancy, menstruation, and menopause mean that women need more iron than men in their diet, but few women actually get as much as they need. The result—anemia's—most common symptoms include fatigue and weakness.
Explanation:
HOPE IT HELPS.
PLEASE MARK ME AS BRAINLIEST.
which part of the body never rest
A. nose
B. eye
C. heart
D. brain
Answer:
c.heart
Explanation:
The heart of the body never rests
Blood is made of cells and plasma. Each has a different function. Which part of blood is responsible for carrying oxygen and carbon
dioxide throughout the body?
white blood cell
platelets
red blood cell
plasma
I need help!!
Answer:
the red blood cells as it contains haemoglobin
Answer:
the red blood cells as it contains haemoglobin
Explanation:
Which of the items shown in the diagram con- tribute to the nitrogen cycle by releasing AND absorbing nitrogen?
The trees and the grazing cows
Which type of virus is an exception to the central dogma?.
Answer:
SARS-CoV-2 is a highly relevant example of information transfer that does not conform to the Central Dogma.
Explanation:
Materials and proteins are transported through the cells by the:.
Answer:
The Endoplasmic R. (ER)
Explanation:
They are the maze looking part in the cell that has two parts, the rough and the smooth ER.
In exchange of useful chemicals between organisms and their abiotic environment is an example of what
Answer:
Carbon Cycle
Explanation:
does anyone know how to do this ? You are a bio-researcher on the planet Tawniwani, and you have been given the task of identifying and classifying the native fauna. Use this dichotomous key to identifyTawniwanian creature t.
A dichotomous key is a classification tool used to identify organisms based on morphological or behavioral characteristics. Individual C is a Roundus tricurlus.
What is a dichotomous key?
A dichotomous key is a significantly useful tool to classify organisms.
If you have an organism -or part of it- and you need to taxonomically identify it, you use a dichotomous key.
The key provides an easy and fast way for identification by describing different morphological or behavioral traits, leading you to the correct taxonomic classification.
The term dichotomous refers to how information is provided.
You will always have two options per feature (a and b, or 1 and 2), and you will have to choose one of them according to the characteristics of your organism.
Once you choose one of the options according to your organism, the key leads you to the following description, and you will have to choose one of the options again.
You will repeat this until you reach the name of your organism.
The key describes only specific traits that are useful for differentiation.
In the exposed example, for instance, we need to know the name of the individual C.
Step 1The first description is about the head size. The key asks you if the individual has a small or a large head. It has a small head, so the key tells you to move to description 2.
1a. Has a small head--------------------------- go to 2
1b. Has a large head--------------------------- go to 3
Step 2The second description is about the body shape. The key asks you if your organism has a narrow or a rounded body. And this individual has a rounded body, so the key tells you to move to description 7.
2a. Has a narrow body ------------------------ go to 6
2b. Has a round body -------------------------- go to 7
Step 3The seventh description is about antennae. Does your individual have curly or straight antennae? It has curly antennae. You have reached your organism's name. It is a Roundus tricurlus.
7a. Has a curly anteanne ------------------------ Roundus tricurlus
7b. Has a straight antennae--------------------- go to 8
Individual C is a Roundus tricurlus.
You can learn more about dichotomous key at
brainly.com/question/2235448
brainly.com/question/16522014
brainly.com/question/18335862
#SPJ1
Evolution acts upon the ____________ of an organism
Butterflies laying their eggs on milkweed plants occurs at what level of the biosphere hierarchy? a. ecosystem b. biome c. population d. community please select the best answer from the choices provided a b c d
Butterflies laying their eggs on milkweed plants occurs at community level of the biosphere hierarchy. So, the correct option is (D).
What is Community?Community is defined as a biological community in which groups of different species interact in a common space. For example, a forest of trees and undergrowth plants, in which animals live and are rooted in soil containing bacteria and fungi, constitutes a biotic community.
It is defined as a group of interacting organisms that may or may not be of the same species as long as they share a common habitat where they interact with each other through symbiotic relationships , eg. mutualism, parasitism, commensalism, or competition.
Thus, butterflies laying their eggs on milkweed plants occurs at community level of the biosphere hierarchy. So, the correct option is (D).
Learn more about Biosphere hierarchy, here:
https://brainly.com/question/554226
#SPJ1