how to identify oxides that don't dissolve in water?

The reaction between a sample containing chloride ions with excess Lead (II) nitrate leads to the formation of [tex]PbCl_2[/tex] in the form of precipitate.

a) The precipitate formed in the reaction of excess Lead (II) nitrate and chloride ions is [tex]PbCl_2[/tex].

Total ionic is [tex]2Cl^- + Pb(NO_3)_2 \rightarrow PbCl_2 (ppt) + 2NO_3^-[/tex]

Net ionic is [tex]2Cl^- + Pb^+ \rightarrow PbCl_2 (ppt)[/tex]

b) Excess Lead (II) nitrate was used in the reaction to precipitate each and every chloride ion.

c) The total mass of [tex]PbCl_2[/tex] = 2.686 - 0.923 = 1.763g

Molar mass of [tex]PbCl_2[/tex] = 278g/mol

Therefore, moles of [tex]PbCl_2[/tex] = 1.763/278 = 6.342 x [tex]10^{-3}[/tex]

d) No. of moles of chloride = 2 x moles of [tex]PbCl_2[/tex] = 12.684 x [tex]10^{-3}[/tex]

Mass of chloride = 35.5 x 12.684 x [tex]10^{-3}[/tex]

Mass of chloride = 0.45g

e) % of chloride = 0.45/0.897 x 100 = 50.2%.

f) No, the mass of the sample is not same as the mass of the precipitate formed during the reaction.

The complete question is:

A 0.897g sample containing chloride ion is treated with excess lead (II) nitrate. The lead (II) chloride precipitated is filtered into a filter paper that weighed 0.923g. After washing and drying the precipitate+ filter paper weighed 2.686g. Calculate the following:

a) Write the total ionic and net ionic equation for the reaction producing the precipitate:

total ionic:

net ionic:

b) Why was excess lead (II) nitrate used in the above procedure?

c) moles of lead (II) chloride formed:_______

d) Moles of chloride present in the sample__________ and Mass of chloride present in the sample _________

e) % of chloride in the sample: ___________

f) Is the mass of the sample same as the mass of precipitate? _________

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Answer

Mg(OH)2 is the limiting reactant

Mass of MgCl2 produced = 3.02 g

Explanation

Given: The balanced chemical equation

mass of Mg(OH)2 = 1.85 g

mass of HCl = 3.71

Solution

Mg(OH)2

HCl

Therefore Mg(OH)2 is the limiting reactant.

Calculation of MgCl2 mass

The final temperature must be 273 K or 0 °C to reduce the volume to  3.62 L.

Let's solve the problem by using Charles Law which states that at constant temperature and pressure, the quotient of the volume and the temperature will always have the same value.

Now , mathematically, we can write as

[tex]\frac{V}{T}[/tex]  = K

For initial and final states, the above equation can be written as

[tex]\frac{V1}{T1}[/tex]  = [tex]\frac{V2}{T2}[/tex]

Since, we are given

V1 = 4.39 L

T1 = 44  °C = 317 K (being O°C = 273 K)

V2 = 3.78 L

T2 = ?

Substituting the abovementioned values in Charles's law we get:

[tex]\frac{4.39L}{317K}[/tex]  = [tex]\frac{3.78L}{T2}[/tex]

Now solving the above equation.

[tex]T_{2}[/tex]  x  [tex]\frac{4.39L}{317k}[/tex]  = 3.78L

[tex]T_{2}[/tex] = 3.78L ÷ [tex]\frac{4.39L}{317K}[/tex]

[tex]T_{2}[/tex]  = 273K i.e. 0°C

Hence, the final temperature must be 273 K or 0 °C to reduce the volume to 3.62 L.

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Milk : Homogenous

glass : Homogenous

sugar : compounds

bottled spring water  : Homogenous

distilled water : compounds

air  : Homogenous

alloy bicycle frame  : Homogenous

propane : compounds

baking soda  : Homogenous

When two liquids totally mix, they produce a homogenous combination.

Complete dissolution of a solid in a liquid

When there is no phase difference in a combination, it is said to be homogenous. The composition of a homogeneous mixture is constant and consistent across the whole system.

A mixture of water and ethanol, for instance, is an example of a homogeneous mixture since the two substances are miscible in all amounts.

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Answer:

Option A

Explanation:

Because B, C, D, or E are impossible, protons cannot change, electron = protons.

The concentration of the given solutions based on the titration is given below:

1. concentration of NaOH is 1.6 mol/dm³

2. concentration of NaOH is 0.8 mol/dm³

3. concentration of NaOH is 2.4 mol/dm³

4. concentration of KOH is 1.0 mol/dm³

A titration reaction is a reaction in which a solution of known concentration and volume is reacted with a given volume of a solution of unknown concentration in order to determine the unknown concentration of the second solution.

1. Volume of H₂SO₄ =  20 cm³

The concentration of H₂SO₄= 1.0 mol/dm³

Volume of NaOH reacted =  25 cm³

Mole ratio of NaOH and  H₂SO₄ = 2 : 1

The concentration of NaOH = 20 * 1.0 * 2/25

The concentration of NaOH = 1.6 mol/dm³

2.  Volume of HNO₃ =  20 cm³

The concentration of HNO₃= 1.0 mol/dm³

Volume of NaOH reacted =  25 cm³

Mole ratio of NaOH and  HNO₃ = 1 : 1

The concentration of NaOH = 20 * 1.0 / 25

The concentration of NaOH = 0.8 mol/dm³

3.  Volume of H₃PO₄ =  20 cm³

The concentration of H₃PO₄ =  1.0 mol/dm³

Volume of NaOH reacted =  25 cm³

Mole ratio of NaOH and  H₃PO₄ = 3 : 1

The concentration of NaOH = 20 * 1.0 * 3 / 25

The concentration of NaOH = 2.4 mol/dm³

4. Volume of H₂SO₄ =  25 cm³

The concentration of H₂SO₄= 0.5 mol/dm³

Volume of KOH reacted =  25 cm³

Mole ratio of KOH and  H₂SO₄ = 2 : 1

The concentration of KOH = 25 * 0.5 * 2 / 25

The concentration of KOH = 1.0 mol/dm³

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The net force of the car speeding with of 5000N of force is 4100N force and it is not even near to be balanced.

The net force is the total of all the forces acting on an object, according to its definition. Mass can be accelerated by net force. Whether a body is at rest or in motion, another force is at work on it. When a system has a lot of forces acting on it, the phrase "net force" is used.

We have given,

Applied force Fa = 5000N

Frictional force Ff = -400N

Force exerted back by zombie Fz = -500N

The net force formula is given by

[tex]F_{Net}[/tex] = F₁ + F₂ + F₃

[tex]F_{Net}[/tex] = 5000 - 400 - 500

[tex]F_{Net}[/tex] = 4100N

Therefore, The net force of the car speeding with of 5000N of force is 4100N force and it is not even near to be balanced.

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Answer:

There are billions of galaxies in the universe, not just one.

The universe formed from a central point.

Most galaxies in the universe are moving away from Earth.

Explanation:

If a bicycle pump contains 0.650 L of helium at 101 kpa. if the pump is closed, then the pressure is required to change the volume to 0.250 L is 262.6 kpa.

This can be calculated by using the boyle's law.

Boyle's law states that at constant temperature the pressure is directly proportional to the volume of the gas.

P1V1 = P2V2

Given,

P1 = 101 kpa

V1 = 0.650 L

V2 = 0.250 L

By substituting all the values, we get

101 × 0.650 = P2 × 0.250

P2 = 262.6 kpa

Thus, we concluded that If a bicycle pump contains 0.650 L of helium at 101 kpa. if the pump is closed, then the pressure is required to change the volume to 0.250 L is 262.6 kpa.

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It is important to have endothermic and exothermic processes in building materials of your train because, this is to absorb and release heat to make the train run faster.

Wood burning heaters and steam engines release heat energy in an exothermic reaction. A train that used to be powered by a steam engine. Therefore, since heat is used, the heat balance is important. A steam engine absorbs energy during the boiling phase of water.

This is an endothermic reaction. If steam is used to actuate the piston, its energy must be released by actuating the train. Excess energy is released into the chimney as flue gas. This is an exothermic process as it releases energy into its surroundings.

Exothermic reactions are important in forensics, especially in fire and explosion investigations. Conversely, if a chemical reaction requires heat (instead of producing heat) and results in cooling of the surrounding environment, it is said to be endothermic.

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Reaction between 0.050g Magnesium and HCl in excess gives the following results.

Magnesium interacts with hydrochloric acid (HCl), and this presentation may be used to show a single replacement reaction, the typical interaction of metals with acid, or the production of hydrogen gas.

A eudiometer is a laboratory tool used to gauge how much a gas mixture expands or contracts after undergoing a physical or chemical change.

Magnesium is a shiny gray solid whereas HCl is a colourless aqueous solution with a pungent odour. On a reaction between these two, single displacement of Cl from HCl to [tex]MgCl_2[/tex] occurs.

Given:

Mass of Mg = 0.050g

Molar mass of Mg = 24g/mol

Calculations:

(a) No. of moles of Mg = 0.050 / 24 = 0.0021 moles of Mg reacted

(b) [tex]Mg (s) + 2HCl (l) \rightarrow MgCl_2 (s) + H_2 (g)[/tex]

As moles of Mg reacted = moles of [tex]H_2[/tex] produced

Therefore, No. of moles of [tex]H_2[/tex] produced = 0.0021 moles

(c) Vapour pressure of water at 20℃ is 17.5 torr = 0.023atm

Pressure of only [tex]H_2[/tex] gas = 1 – 0.023 = 0.977atm

(d) Using P1V1/T1 = P2V2/T2,

0.977 x 48.6 / 293 = 1 x V2 / 273

Volume of [tex]H_2[/tex] gas at STP = 44.24mL

(e) Molar volume of [tex]H_2[/tex] gas at STP = 44.24 / 0.0021 = 21.067L/mol

(f) Percent error = 22.4 – 21.067 / 22.4 x 100 = 5.95%

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Heat content is the characteristics that does not depend on the amount of the sample known as Intensive Property.

One wholly independent of a substance's or system's mass is said to possess an intensive property. Intensive properties include things like pressure (P) and heat content (T).

Intensive properties of matter are those that are independent of the size or quantity of the substance in any way. Heat content, color, melting and boiling points, and other characteristics are all intensive properties because they do not change as a function of size or quantity of matter.

Being an intensive property, the density of one litre of water or one hundred litres of water will remain constant.

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Answer:We need to separate different components of a mixture to separate the useful components from the non-useful or some harmful components. Examples: (a) Tea leaves are separated from tea.

The particles are allowed to settle out at the bottom before the water is passed through to separate the particles of the higher density and recovered from the bottom.

Sedimentation is the tendency for the particles to settle out of the fluid content. Then they come to rest against a specific barrier due to their own motion which is in the response to all the forces that are acting on them.

Sedimentation can be described as the opposite process of erosion which is the terminal end where the sediment is transported. Sedimentation allows the particles with different densities which are in the suspended form in water to settle under the gravitational force.

The settled particles from the suspension become sediment, while water treatment is called sludge. When this thick sediment continues to settle, which is assisted by mechanical means is called the process of thickening.

Then you can easily remove the sediment by using a filtration system that contains a water sediment filter.

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c)  ester can be produced by reacting alcohol with carboxylic acid

What is esterification ?

The general term for a chemical reaction in which two reactants (usually an alcohol and an acid) combine to create an ester as the end product is "esterification." Esters are frequently found in organic chemistry and biological materials, and they frequently have a distinctive, fruity scent.

The process of making ester typically involves combining a carboxylic acid with an excess of an alcohol while using a tiny amount of a strong acid, like conc.H2SO4, as a catalyst. The esterification reaction is reversible, and the equilibrium constant for the reaction is often close to 1. Numerous strategies are employed to raise the ester yield because the reaction is reversible.

c)  ester can be produced by reacting alcohol with carboxylic acid

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a) CH2O

The carbon atoms are present in sp2 hybridization

b) CH2=CH-CH=CH2

All carbon atoms are present in sp2 hybridization

c) CH2=C=C=CH2

The 2,3-carbons are in sp hybridization and the remaining carbons are in sp2 hybridization.

The idea of combining two atomic orbitals to create a new class of hybridized orbitals is known as hybridization in chemistry. This mixing typically produces hybrid orbitals with completely distinct energies, geometries, etc. Hybridization primarily involves atomic orbitals at the same energy level. However, if an orbital has equivalent energy, it can participate in this process, as can an orbital that is partially filled.

On the other side, we may claim that the idea of hybridization is an expansion of the valence bond theory and that it aids in our understanding of how bonds are formed, how they are energetically, and how long they are.

When two atomic orbitals in a molecule combine to generate a hybrid orbital, the energy of the orbitals of the individual atoms is redistributed to give orbitals of equivalent energy. Hybridization is the name of this procedure.

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Thus mass of dye A = 10.24 mg/L

Plot Beer-Lambert law

Beer-Lambert law states that absorbance of an analye (here, dye A) is directly proportional to its concentration (C) and pathlength (l) of the solution

i.e. A \propto  C*l

or A = \epsilonCl

where \epsilon = proportionality constant and is called absorptivity coefficient. It is characteristic for an analyte at a given wavelength, unit = M-1cm-1

Thus above equation can be compared with a straight line equation as y = mx+c

where y = absorbance, x = concentration and \epsilon = slope, c = intercept = 0 for absorbance vs concentration plot.

b. Calculate the slope (m) of graph:

for absorbance vs concentration plot.

The given data was plotted and fitted to a liner fit that gave the equation as:

y = 27335 x

slope of the line = 27335

thus \epsilon = 27335 M-1cm-1

c. Concnetration using Beer-Lambert plot:

Absorbance of dye A in Sports drink, A = 0.700

point absorbance of 0.007 on y-axis and interpolate to the linear fit. Check the corresponding value at x-axis as follows:

the corresponding line meets x-axis at 0.00002 + 4-squares

In the graph drawn, 7 squares in x-axis = 0.00001

thus 4 squares on x-axis = 0.00001*4/7 = 5.71*10-6

thus for y = 0.700 the corresponding x-axis reads = 0.00002+5.71*10-6

or C = 2.57*10-5 M

d. Concnetration of dye A using slope of fitted line:

Absorbance of dye A in Sports drink, A = 0.700

substituting the absorbance in the linear fit equation we can calulate the concentration as:

0.700 = 27335*C

C = 0.700/27335

C = 2.56*10-5 M

e. Mass of dye A in mg/L

Molar mass of dye = 400 g/mol

Concentration (molarity) of dye A = 2.56*10-5 M

1 M = number of moles of solute present in 1 L of solution volume

number of moles = mass / molar mass

\therefore  Molarity = mass of solute/(molar mass of solute*volume of solution)

for solution volume = 1L

Molarity = mass of solute/molar mass of solute

rearranging this we get:

mass of solute = (Molarity*molar mass of solute) g/L

mass of dye A = 2.56*10-5* 400 g/L

m = 0.01024 g/L

1 g = 1000 mg

Thus mass of dye A = 10.24 mg/L

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Alkyl chlorides and alkyl bromides are typically transformed into alkyl fluorides in the organic reaction known as the Swarts Reaction.

Swarts' reaction is normally used to get alkyl fluorides from alkyl chlorides or alkyl bromides. that is done with the aid of heating of the alkyl chloride/bromide in the presence of the fluoride of some heavy metals.

The partial fluorination of nonpolar natural polyhalides with antimony trifluoride within the presence of antimony pentachloride or chlorine is normally known as the Swarts response and the combination of antimony trifluoride and chlorine (SbF3 + Cl2) is known as the Swarts reagent.

Swarts reaction converts Alkyl chlorides or alkyl bromides Alkyl fluorides. Reacts may be primary halides, secondary halides, alkyl halides and benzyl halides, however does not occur for tertiary reactions, vinyl and aryl halides.

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When a compound's qualities cannot be fully explained by a single structure, we require more structures. These additional structures are known as resonance structures, and the phenomenon they describe is known as resonance.

Resonance is the term used to describe the phenomena of enhanced amplitude that happens when the frequency of a periodic force is applied (or a Fourier component of it) is equal to or nearly equal to the natural frequency of the system on which it works. In contrast to when the same oscillating force is applied at other, non-resonant frequencies, a dynamic system will oscillate at a higher amplitude when the oscillating force is applied at its resonant frequency.

Resonant frequencies or resonance frequencies of the system are frequencies at which the response amplitude is a relative maximum. Small periodic forces that are close to a resonant frequency of the system can produce large amplitude oscillations in the system due to the storage of vibrational energy.

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The strong acid would exhibit a higher standard enthalpy change when neutralized with a strong base.

The difference between strong and weak acids is the level of dissociation. Strong acids dissociate completely, while weak acids dissociate only partially. That means that during the neutralization of a weak acid, a certain amount of energy needs to be expended on breaking the bond between the proton and the acid anion, lowering the overall enthalpy change in the process. On the other hand, because strong acids dissociate completely, no energy needs to be expended on total dissociation, meaning that the complete enthalpy change is greater.

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The main points of Dalton's atomic theory is Atoms are not indivisible and all atoms of an element are not identical.

Atoms are the minuscule, indivisible building blocks of all stuff.

A certain element's atoms are all the same mass, size, and other characteristics. Nevertheless, the characteristics and mass of atoms from various elements varies.

Atoms are eternal and cannot be generated or destroyed. Atoms also can not be separated into smaller particles.

Compounds can be created by combining atoms of various elements in specific whole-number ratios.

In chemical reactions, atoms can be joined, separated, or rearranged.

The fact that an atom may be further divided into protons, neutrons, and electrons disproves the idea that it is indivisible. The smallest particle that participates in chemical processes is an atom, nevertheless. Dalton asserts that the atoms of the same element are identical in every way.

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The single spot, with an Rf value of 0.95. observed by the student indicates that his reaction mixture contains only one compound.

The purity of the sample can be verified by checking the single spot using a UV-light.

Thin-layer chromatography is a form of chromatography in which a thin layer serves as the solid support over which the differet components in the dye are separated.

The Rf value or the retention factor (Rf) is a value used to compare and help identify compounds in a mixture of compounds or dyes separated by thin-layer chromatography.

Mathematically, the Fr value of a compound is calculated as follows:

Rf value = distance traveled by the compound / distance traveled by the solvent front.

A single Rf value indicates a single compound was present.

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The empirical formula of the unknown compound is C2H4O

Number of moles = mass / molar mass

------

molar mass of CO2 = 44 g/ mole

Moles of CO2 =6.99/44 = 0.152 moles

Since there is 1 mole of C in CO2  

so, no. of moles of C = 0.152moles

mass of C = 0.152x 12 = 1.824  g

-------

molar mass of H2O = 18 g/ mole

moles of H2O =2.86/18 = 0.158moles

Since there are 2 moles of H in H2O

so, no. of moles of H = 0.158x2 = 0.317  moles

mass of H = 0.317x1.0079 = 0.3202g

--------

Total mass of H and C = 0.3202+1.824   = 2.144g

mass of sample =  3.50 g

mass of O =  3.50 - 2.144= 1.356 g

moles of O=1.356/16= 0.08475 moles

molar ratio of C : H : O =1.824  : 0.3202 : 0.08475

smallest number  = 0.0847

Divide number of moles of C,H and O by the smallest number:

Molar ratio of C : H : O = 21.53 : 3.9 : 1.0

                                        = 2:4:1

Hence the Empirical formula is C2H4O

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The correct answer is No, at least one segment length is not preserved, making this a nonrigid transformation.

A rigid transformation of the plane, also known as an isometry, keeps length intact.

"Rigid transformations" include reflections, translations, rotations, and combinations of these three transformations.

A rigid transformation implies that neither the shape nor the size is altered.

Because the length of segment JK (2 units) is not preserved when mapped onto J'K', the second answer is correct, which gives the resulting unit 5 units.

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Answer: B

Explanation: No, at least one segment length is not preserved, making this a nonrigid transformation

8 trees would be saved from a stack of newspapers 24 feet high if The number of trees saved by recycling is directly proportional to the height of a stack of recyclable newspapers.

Equivalence between two ratios is referred to as proportionality in algebra. A and B are in the same proportion as C and D in the expression a/b = c/d.

When one of a proportion's four quantities is unknown, a proportion is typically used to solve a word problem. It is resolved by multiplying one numerator by the opposing denominator and equating the result to that of the other numerator and denominator.

Stack of recyclable newspaper 36 inches high will save one tree;

Let the stack of recyclable newspaper = s = 36

Number of trees = n = 1

We have given that

s α n

Which means

s = kn

where k is constant

k = s/n

  = 36/1

  = 36 inches

We know that 24 feet = 288 inches, So

n = s/k

n = 288 inches/36 inches

n = 8 trees

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Answer: 13 same as proton number

Answer:

the atomic number is 13(proton number) while the mass number is 14

The first beaker will contain a single compound, while another beakers will contains mixture of components.

A mixture is defined as a composition made up of two or more chemical components that do not mix chemically.

It can also be defined as a substance formed by the combination of two or more separate substances that does not result in a chemical reaction.

There are two types of mixture.

Thus, the  first beaker will contain a single compound, while another beakers will contains mixture of components.

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Answer:

317.5 g

Explanation:

1 mole of Cu = 63.5 g

so the mass of 5 moles of Cu = 63.5 x 5 = 317.5 g