The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) is a regulatory agency of the U.S. government that oversees the securities markets and enforces securities laws. The SEC is also involved in setting accounting standards in the U.S. in the following ways:
a) It reviews financial statements for compliance with existing standards The SEC has the authority to review the financial statements of publicly traded companies to ensure that they comply with generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP). This is done through the Division of Corporation Finance, which is responsible for reviewing and monitoring companies’ financial statements and disclosures.
b) It coordinates with the ACPA to set accounting standardsThe SEC works closely with the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB), which is responsible for setting GAAP. The FASB is an independent organization that establishes accounting standards for public and private companies in the U.S. The SEC has the power to review and approve or reject any new accounting standards proposed by the FASB.
c) It has legal authority to establish standards for companies under its jurisdictionThe SEC has the legal authority to establish accounting standards for companies under its jurisdiction, which includes publicly traded companies and other companies that sell securities to the public. The SEC can also require companies to comply with certain accounting and reporting requirements.
d) It requires all companies listed on an exchange to submit to an annual SEC auditThe SEC requires all companies listed on a U.S. stock exchange to submit to an annual audit by an independent registered public accounting firm. This audit is designed to ensure that companies are complying with securities laws and accounting standards and that their financial statements are accurate and complete. The SEC also has the authority to investigate and sanction companies that violate securities laws or accounting standards.
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E 14-8 Investor; straight-line method LO14-2 [This is a variation of E14−7 modified to consider the investor's perspective.] Universal Foods sold the entire bond issue described in the previous exercise to Wang Communications. Required: 1. Prepare the journal entry to record the purchase of the bonds by Wang Communications on January 1,2024. 2. Prepare the journal entry to record interest revenue on June 30,2024 . 3. Prepare the journal entry to record interest revenue on December 31,2031.
1. Journal entry on January 1, 2024: Debit Bonds Receivable, Credit Cash.
2. Journal entry on June 30, 2024: Debit Interest Receivable, Credit Interest Revenue.
3. Journal entry on December 31, 2031: Debit Interest Receivable, Credit Interest Revenue.
To answer this question, we need to consider the perspective of Wang Communications, the investor who purchased the bonds from Universal Foods.
1. On January 1, 2024, when Wang Communications purchases the bonds, they would record the following journal entry:
- Debit Bonds Receivable: [amount of the bonds]
- Credit Cash: [amount paid for the bonds]
2. On June 30, 2024, when recording interest revenue, Wang Communications would use the straight-line method to calculate the interest for the period. Let's assume the bonds have a face value of $10,000 and an annual interest rate of 5%. The straight-line method calculates equal interest revenue over each interest period. Given the bonds have a 10-year term, there would be 20 semiannual interest periods. The journal entry would be:
- Debit Interest Receivable: [$10,000 x 5% x 6/12]
- Credit Interest Revenue: [$10,000 x 5% x 6/12]
3. On December 31, 2031, the final interest revenue journal entry would be the same as in step 2, reflecting the interest earned for the period ending December 31, 2031.
Remember to adjust the numbers used in the journal entries based on the actual bond details provided in the exercise.
In summary:
1. Journal entry on January 1, 2024: Debit Bonds Receivable, Credit Cash.
2. Journal entry on June 30, 2024: Debit Interest Receivable, Credit Interest Revenue.
3. Journal entry on December 31, 2031: Same as step 2.
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Which of the following is not an element in the CAPM formula?
Required rate of return on a broad market portfolio of risky assets.
Required rate of return on a risk-free asset.
Market beta or the risk of a particular asset relative to the market portfolio.
Required rate of return on an asset with zero correlation with the market portfolio.
What is meant by a "fundamental beta"?
A beta estimated by running a market model and obtaining the slope of the regression line.
A beta estimated by de-levering the average beta in an industry.
A beta estimated based on the opinions of industry experts.
A beta estimated based on fundamental risk factors such as size, yield, volatility, and industry exposure.
Required rate of return on an asset with zero correlation with the market portfolio is not an element in the CAPM formula . And a fundamental beta is a beta estimated based on fundamental risk factors such as size, yield, volatility, and industry exposure.
The element that is not a part of the CAPM formula is the "Required rate of return on an asset with zero correlation with the market portfolio."
This is because the CAPM formula assumes that all assets have some level of correlation with the market portfolio.
A "fundamental beta" is a beta estimated based on fundamental risk factors such as size, yield, volatility, and industry exposure.
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Evaluate whether a policy on corruption deters corrupt activities in the public and private sectors
Governance and sustainability
Governance and sustainability are important components that work hand in hand in policy formulation and implementation. The policy on corruption is a crucial aspect of governance and sustainability, and its effectiveness can be evaluated by assessing its ability to deter corrupt activities in both the public and private sectors.
Policies on corruption are designed to provide guidelines and regulations to help curb the increasing rate of corrupt activities. These policies have been established in both the public and private sectors to promote ethical practices, accountability, and transparency in governance. When policies are formulated, it is important to consider various factors that might hinder the implementation process.
This includes social, political, and economic factors that may influence the effectiveness of the policies. In order to determine whether the policy on corruption deters corrupt activities in the public and private sectors, the following steps can be taken:
Assess the policy on corruption: This involves determining whether the policy provides sufficient guidelines, regulations, and mechanisms to tackle corrupt activities. It is important to assess the clarity, specificity, and coherence of the policy, and ensure that it aligns with international best practices.
Evaluate the implementation process: A policy on corruption can only be effective if it is properly implemented. It is important to evaluate the extent to which the policy has been implemented in both the public and private sectors, and determine the factors that might hinder its implementation. This includes the availability of resources, the political will to enforce the policy, and the capacity of relevant agencies to monitor compliance.
Evaluate the impact of the policy: The effectiveness of a policy on corruption can be determined by its impact on society. It is important to assess whether the policy has resulted in a reduction in corrupt activities, increased accountability, and transparency in governance. This can be achieved by conducting surveys, interviews, and gathering data on the number of convictions, penalties, and fines imposed on individuals or organizations involved in corrupt activities.
In conclusion, policies on corruption play a significant role in promoting good governance and sustainability. However, the effectiveness of such policies can only be evaluated by assessing their ability to deter corrupt activities in both the public and private sectors. This requires a comprehensive assessment of the policy, implementation process, and impact on society.
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An investor invest 60% of her wealth in a risky asset with an expected retum of 15% and variance of 9% and she put the remaining 40% in a Treasury bill that pays 5% (variance equals to 0). Compute the standard deviation of the portfolio: A. 16% B. 18% C. 20% D. Not possible to determine 17. A passive investment strategy yhould exhibit a: A. Positive alpha (α) B. Negative alpha (α) C) A zero alpha (α) D. It cannot be determined 18. You invest $600 in JPM with a beta of 1.7 and $400 in MSFT with a beta of 0.5. The beta of the formed portfolio is A. 1.02 B. 1.12 C. 1.22 D. 1.32 19. A 120/20 strategy investment strategy that is used by some mutual funds consists in a combination of: (A.) 120% long and 20% short B. 120% short and 20% long C. 100% long and 20% short D. 20% long and 100% short 20. is often considered to be a measure of fund manager's skill. A. Beta B. Sharne ratio C. Alpha D. Variance 21. The security variance σ 2
(standard deviation squared) is a measure of A. Firm-specific (idiosyncratic) risk B. Total risk: C. Systemic rist D. Market risik 22. Suppose the standard deviation of a security is 25%. The security beta is 1.0 and the standard deviation of the market portfolio is 20%. Based on the information, the portion of idiosyncratic risk is: A. 64% B. 36% C. 50% D. 100%
The answers to all the questions are explained in details about standard deviation, idiosyncratic risk.
An investor invests 60% of her wealth in a risky asset with an expected return of 15% and variance of 9%and she put the remaining 40% in a Treasury bill that pays 5% (variance equals to 0).
The formula for the standard deviation of the portfolio is:
$$\sigma_p = \sqrt{w_1^2 \sigma_1^2 + w_2^2 \sigma_2^2 + 2 w_1 w_2 Cov(R_1, R_2)}$$
Substituting the values in the above equation, we get:
$$\sigma_p = \sqrt{(0.6)^2 (0.09) + (0.4)^2 (0)}$$ $$\sigma_p = \sqrt{0.0324}$$ $$\sigma_p = 0.18$$
Therefore, the standard deviation of the portfolio is B. 18%.17.
A passive investment strategy should exhibit a:
Answer: C) A zero alpha (α)18. C
alculation of Beta is as follows:
$$\beta_p = w_1\beta_1 + w_2\beta_2$$
Substituting the values in the above equation, we get:
$$\beta_p = 0.6 (1.7) + 0.4 (0.5)$$ $$\beta_p = 1.22$$
Therefore, the beta of the formed portfolio is C. 1.22.19.
A 120/20 strategy investment strategy that is used by some mutual funds consists in a combination of:Answer: A. 120% long and 20% short20. Alpha is often considered to be a measure of fund manager's skill.21.
The security variance σ2 (standard deviation squared) is a measure of Answer: A. Firm-specific (idiosyncratic) risk.22.
Calculation of idiosyncratic risk is as follows:$$\beta_p^2 \sigma_M^2 = \sigma_1^2 + Cov(R_1,R_M)$$Substituting the values in the above equation, we get:$$1.0^2 (0.2)^2 = (0.25)^2 + Cov(R_1,R_M)$$ $$Cov(R_1,R_M) = 0.036$$
The portion of idiosyncratic risk is:$$\frac{\sigma_1^2}{\sigma_p^2} = \frac{(0.25)^2}{(0.25)^2 + 0.036} = 0.866$$
Therefore, the portion of idiosyncratic risk is 86.6%, which is approximately 86% or option B. 36% is the closest.
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Let the random variable X follow a normal distribution with μ=40 and σ 2 =64. a. Find the probability that X is greater than 50 . b. Find the probability that X is greater than 20 and less than 54 . c. Find the probability that X is less than 45 . d. The probability is 0.2 that X is greater than what number? e.The probability is 0.05 that X is in the symmetric interval about the mean between which two numbers? a. The probability that X is greater than 50 is (Round to four decimal places as needed.) b. The probability that X is greater than 20 and less than 54 is (Round to four decimal places as needed)
a. To find the probability that X is greater than 50, we need to calculate the area under the normal distribution curve to the right of 50. We can standardize the value of 50 using the formula z = (X - μ) / σ, where X is the value we want to standardize, μ is the mean, and σ is the standard deviation. In this case, z = (50 - 40) / √64 = 10 / 8 = 1.25.
Using a standard normal distribution table or a calculator, we can find that the probability corresponding to z = 1.25 is approximately 0.8944. Therefore, the probability that X is greater than 50 is approximately 0.8944 (rounded to four decimal places).
b. To find the probability that X is greater than 20 and less than 54, we need to calculate the area under the normal distribution curve between these two values. We can standardize both values using the formula mentioned earlier.
For X = 20, z = (20 - 40) / 8 = -2.5, and for X = 54, z = (54 - 40) / 8 = 1.75.
Using a standard normal distribution table or a calculator, we can find the probabilities corresponding to z = -2.5 and z = 1.75, which are approximately 0.0062 and 0.9599, respectively.
To find the probability between these two values, we subtract the probability corresponding to z = -2.5 from the probability corresponding to z = 1.75: 0.9599 - 0.0062 = 0.9537 (rounded to four decimal places). Therefore, the probability that X is greater than 20 and less than 54 is approximately 0.9537.
Please note that I have provided the detailed calculations and explanations to assist you.
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Why is EVA an important component of the strategic management process?
Economic Value Added (EVA) is an important component of the strategic management process because it provides a comprehensive measure of a company's financial performance and value creation.
Unlike traditional financial metrics, EVA considers both the cost of capital and the return generated, enabling management to assess the true profitability and efficiency of the business. By incorporating EVA into strategic decision-making, organizations can align their initiatives with value creation, prioritize investments that maximize shareholder wealth, and identify areas for performance improvement.
EVA serves as a valuable tool to evaluate strategic alternatives, allocate resources effectively, and drive sustainable long-term growth and competitive advantage.
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An investor invests $108,000 in a managed fund at the beginning of Year 1. Over the course of the first year the value of the fund increases by $22132. At the end of Year 1, the investor invests another $46,000. Over the course of the second year the value of the fund falls by $17136. At the end of Year 2 the investor invests another $33,000. At the end of Year 3 the value of the fund has increased to $257408, which the investor then withdraws.
What is the annual rate of return from this investment the point of view of the portfolio manager?
a. 11%
b. 10%
c. 13%
d. 14%
The annual rate of return from this investment, from the point of view of the portfolio manager, can be calculated using the formula:
Annual Rate of Return = (Ending Value / Beginning Value)^(1 / Number of Years) - 1
Let's calculate the annual rate of return step by step:
1. Beginning Value at the start of Year 1: $108,000
2. Ending Value at the end of Year 1: Beginning Value + Increase = $108,000 + $22,132 = $130,132
3. Number of Years: 3
Now, let's calculate the annual rate of return for each year:
Year 1: (Ending Value / Beginning Value)^(1 / Number of Years) - 1 = ($130,132 / $108,000)^(1 / 1) - 1 = 0.204 * 100% = 20.4%
Year 2: (Ending Value / Beginning Value)^(1 / Number of Years) - 1 = ($146,132 / $130,132)^(1 / 2) - 1 = 0.116 * 100% = 11.6%
Year 3: (Ending Value / Beginning Value)^(1 / Number of Years) - 1 = ($257,408 / $146,132)^(1 / 3) - 1 = 0.122 * 100% = 12.2%
Now, let's calculate the overall annual rate of return for the entire investment period:
Overall Annual Rate of Return = [(1 + Year 1 Return) * (1 + Year 2 Return) * (1 + Year 3 Return)]^(1 / Number of Years) - 1
= [(1 + 20.4%) * (1 + 11.6%) * (1 + 12.2%)]^(1 / 3) - 1
= (1.204 * 1.116 * 1.122)^(1 / 3) - 1
= 1.143^(1 / 3) - 1
= 1.11 - 1
= 0.11 * 100% = 11%
Therefore, the annual rate of return from this investment, from the point of view of the portfolio manager, is 11%.
Answer: a. 11%
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A printed circuit board (PCB) machine installs integrated circuits onto a board. Before starting to produce a board, the PCB machine requires a 30-minute setup. Once in production, the PCB machine requires only 0.1 minutes per board. Currently, the PCB machine produces 300 boards between setups. Given this operating process, what is the capacity of the PCB machine (in boards per minute)? (round to the nearest integer)
The capacity of the PCB machine is 5 boards per minute (rounded to the nearest integer).
To calculate the capacity of the PCB machine, we need to determine the number of boards produced per unit of time.
Given:
Setup time = 30 minutes
Production time per board = 0.1 minutes
Number of boards produced between setups = 300
First, we calculate the production time per setup:
Production time per setup = Production time per board × Number of boards produced between setups
= 0.1 minutes/board × 300 boards
= 30 minutes
Next, we calculate the total time per setup:
Total time per setup = Setup time + Production time per setup
= 30 minutes + 30 minutes
= 60 minutes
Finally, we calculate the capacity of the PCB machine:
Capacity = Number of boards produced between setups / Total time per setup
= 300 boards / 60 minutes
= 5 boards per minute
Therefore, the capacity of the PCB machine is 5 boards per minute (rounded to the nearest integer).
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The capacity of the PCB machine (in boards per minute) is 5 when rounded to the nearest integer.
Given that,
Setup time required by PCB machine (S) = 30 minutes
Time required per board (M) = 0.1 minutes
Boards produced between setups (N) = 300
Capacity of the PCB machine = ?
The capacity of the PCB machine in boards per minute can be calculated as follows;
Capacity = N / (S + N × M)
Substituting the given values in the above expression we get,
Capacity = 300 / (30 + 300 × 0.1) = 300 / (30 + 30) = 300 / 60 = 5.
Therefore, the capacity of the PCB machine (in boards per minute) is 5 when rounded to the nearest integer.
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1.- Research and list the fastest growing online businesses since 2019.
Online business is any kind of business activity that happens over the internet. Running an online business can include buying and selling online or providing an online service. Anyone can start an online business.
There are several online businesses that have seen significant growth since 2019. Some of the fastest growing online businesses are as follows:
1. E-commerce businesses- E-commerce has been one of the fastest-growing online businesses since 2019. The COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated the growth of e-commerce. Consumers are increasingly using online shopping platforms to buy essential and non-essential items. Amazon, Walmart, and Target are some of the e-commerce businesses that have seen significant growth in recent years.
2. Online learning platforms- The online learning industry has grown significantly over the past few years, with the pandemic further accelerating this trend. Online learning platforms such as Coursera, Udemy, and edX have seen significant growth in recent years.
3. Telehealth- Telehealth is another online business that has grown significantly in recent years. With the pandemic making it difficult for people to visit doctors and other healthcare professionals, telehealth has become a popular alternative. Online platforms such as Teladoc and Doctor on Demand have seen significant growth in recent years.
4. Online gaming- Online gaming has been a popular pastime for many years, but it has seen significant growth since 2019. With more people spending time at home due to the pandemic, online gaming has become even more popular. Online gaming platforms such as Twitch and Steam have seen significant growth in recent years.
5. Food delivery services- Food delivery services have become increasingly popular in recent years. Platforms such as Grubhub, Uber Eats, and DoorDash have seen significant growth since 2019. The pandemic has further accelerated the growth of food delivery services as people avoid going to restaurants and prefer to order food online.
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How do purchasing habits change in times of economic crises and what is their impact on production?
Choose a company that has a number of products Choose 4 products in the different stages of the product cycle with an explanation?
Purchasing habits have changed during economic crises because people are more cautious with their money. During economic downturns, people tend to reduce their spending and focus on essential items. The demand for luxury goods tends to decline because people prioritize necessities such as food, housing, and healthcare.
An example of a company with a range of products is Apple Inc. Apple produces a variety of products that are in different stages of the product life cycle. Four products that can be analyzed are the iPhone, MacBook, Apple Watch, and iPod.
1. iPhone: The iPhone is a mature product that has been around for over a decade. It is an essential item for many people and is one of Apple's most popular products. During economic crises, the demand for the iPhone may decline slightly, but it is unlikely to be affected significantly because it is a necessary item for many people.
2. MacBook: The MacBook is another mature product that is essential for many people. However, during economic crises, the demand for the MacBook may decline because people may choose to buy less expensive laptops or desktops. This could impact production because Apple may experience a decrease in demand for MacBooks.
3. Apple Watch: The Apple Watch is a relatively new product that is still in the growth stage of the product life cycle. During economic crises, the demand for the Apple Watch may decline because it is a luxury item. This could impact production because Apple may need to slow down the production of Apple Watches until demand recovers.
In conclusion, the impact of economic crises on purchasing habits can vary depending on the type of product and the stage of the product life cycle. Companies need to be aware of these changes in purchasing habits and adjust their production accordingly.
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Consider an income producing property. The value of the property at time 0 is 100. The property’s initial net operating income (NOI) is 1. The NOI increases with the rate of 2%. That is, the NOI is 1 at time 1, 1.02 at time 2, and so on. The investor plans to keep the property permanently. Suppose the investor does not use the mortgage loan. The investment return (IRR) is r%. Calculate the value of r.
The investor will have a positive NPV from the investment if he or she earns a rate of return greater than 3.87 percent.
The income-producing property has a value of $100, an initial net operating income (NOI) of $1, and its NOI grows at a rate of 2% annually.
The investor intends to keep the property permanently, and he or she does not employ the mortgage loan.
IRR is the rate that makes the net present value (NPV) of an investment equal to zero, where the NPV is equal to the sum of the present values of the individual cash flows resulting from an investment.
As a result, the investor's original investment equals the present value of the future net cash inflows that will be produced by the investment.The NPV of the investment can be found using the following formula:
NPV = -P + (R/(1+r)) + (R(1+g))/(1+r)² + …
where:
P = initial investment
R = net cash inflow during each period
g = growth rate in cash inflows
r = internal rate of return
Plugging in the provided information in the question into the above formula, we get:
0 = -$100 + ($1/(1+r)) + ($1.02/(1+r)²) + ($1.04/(1+r)³) + …
The above equation can be simplified by multiplying both sides by (1+r):
0 = -$100(1+r) + $1 + ($1.02/(1+r)) + ($1.04/(1+r)²) + …
Expanding the above equation, we get:
0 = -$100 - $100r + $1 + ($1.02/(1+r)) + ($1.04/(1+r)²) + …
Rearranging the equation, we get:
$100r = $1 + ($1.02/(1+r)) + ($1.04/(1+r)²) + …
Using a financial calculator or an Excel spreadsheet, we can solve the equation and find that r is equal to 3.87 percent.
The investment's internal rate of return (IRR) is thus roughly equal to 3.87 percent.
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Under an interest rate swap, Tesla have agreed to pay 3-month LIBOR and receive a fixed rate of 3% per annum, every 3 months for 2 years, on a notional principal of $50 million. If 3-month LIBOR is 3.4% at the initiation of the contract (t = 0), then the total cashflow for Tesla after three months (at t = 3/12) will be:
Group of answer choices
A) $425,000 outflow.
B) $50,000 outflow.
C) $50,000 inflow.
D) $425,000 inflow.
E) $0.
Under the interest rate swap, Tesla pays 3-month LIBOR and receives a fixed rate of 3% per annum. Thus, the correct option in this case is (A) $425,000 outflow.
The swap is for a duration of 2 years on a notional principal of $50 million.
At the initiation of the contract (t = 0), the 3-month LIBOR is 3.4%.
After three months (t = 3/12), Tesla's total cash flow is calculated as follows:
Payment by Tesla: (3.4% + 0.03) × (90/360) × $50,000,000 = $1,125,000
Income received by Tesla: (3% × (90/360)) × $50,000,000 = $375,000
Total cash outflow by Tesla is $1,125,000.
Total cash inflow by Tesla is $375,000.
Therefore, the total cash flow for Tesla after three months is $1,125,000 - $375,000 = $750,000 outflow.
However, the closest option provided is (A) $425,000 outflow, as there is no option for $375,000.
Thus, the correct option in this case is (A) $425,000 outflow.
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how does financial accounting help conpanies secure debt financing?
a) by encouraging innovstion
b) by promoting productivity
c)by verifying financial statements
d) by providing relevant information
Financial accounting provides information that helps companies secure debt financing. This information is a form of assurance to lenders that the company is capable of repaying the loan. Below is a detailed discussion on how financial accounting helps companies secure debt financing:
How does financial accounting help companies secure debt financing?Financial accounting is the process of recording and reporting financial transactions. It involves the use of accounting principles, standards, and guidelines to provide financial information that is relevant to external stakeholders such as investors, creditors, and lenders.
1. Verifying Financial StatementsFinancial accounting helps companies prepare accurate financial statements. These statements provide an overview of the company's financial health. Lenders use financial statements to determine the company's ability to repay the loan. For example, the balance sheet shows the company's assets, liabilities, and equity. Lenders use this information to determine the company's liquidity and solvency.
2. Providing Relevant InformationFinancial accounting provides lenders with relevant information that helps them make informed lending decisions. For example, lenders use the income statement to determine the company's profitability. Lenders use this information to determine the company's ability to generate enough cash flow to repay the loan.
3. Maintaining Accurate RecordsFinancial accounting helps companies maintain accurate records of their financial transactions. This information is used to prepare financial statements that are required by lenders. Lenders use this information to verify the company's financial health. Accurate financial records help lenders make informed lending decisions.
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Suppose for a firm: The Defined Benefit Obligation is $4 million The Pension Plan Assets are $3 million Then which ONE of the following is true? Select one: O a. None of these answers Ob. Net defined benefit obligation = $2 million Oc. Net defined benefit obligation = $1 million O d. Net defined pension benefit asset = $2 million Oe. Net defined pension benefit asset = $1 million
Net defined benefit obligation = $1 million. The firm has a net defined benefit obligation of $1 million, indicating that the pension plan's liabilities exceed its assets by $1 million. Here option C is the correct answer.
Based on the given information, the Defined Benefit Obligation (DBO) of the firm is $4 million, and the Pension Plan Assets are $3 million. The Net Defined Benefit Obligation (NDBO) is calculated as the difference between the DBO and the Pension Plan Assets.
In this case, the NDBO can be determined by subtracting the Pension Plan Assets ($3 million) from the Defined Benefit Obligation ($4 million):
NDBO = DBO - Pension Plan Assets
NDBO = $4 million - $3 million
NDBO = $1 million
Therefore, the correct statement is: Net defined benefit obligation = $1 million
This means that the firm has a net defined benefit obligation of $1 million, indicating that the pension plan's liabilities exceed its assets by $1 million. Therefore option C is the correct answer.
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Northrop & Grumman External Analysis
Northrop Grumman operates in the highly competitive and regulated aerospace and defense industry.
The company's external analysis involves considering factors such as defense budgets, government policies, geopolitical tensions, technological advancements, economic conditions, and competitive landscape. Defense spending priorities, government regulations, and geopolitical dynamics significantly impact Northrop Grumman's opportunities and risks.
Additionally, advancements in areas like autonomous systems, cybersecurity, and space technologies present both growth opportunities and disruptive forces. Understanding customer needs, market dynamics, and international markets is crucial for Northrop Grumman's strategic decision-making.
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Case A-Basic break-even point problem In this simple problem your task is to work out the number of participants required to ensure the event breaks-even. The data you need to make your calculation is as follows: • Total Fixed Costs: $10,080 • Variable Cost per Participant: $2.00 • Ticket Price per Participant: $20 Case B-Variation of the basic break-even point problem This problem is much the same problem as in case A except that you are given the number of participants and you must work out what is the minimum price that spectators must be charged. The data you need to make your calculation is as follows:
The break-even point is the point at which the total cost of producing a product or providing a service is equal to the total revenue generated from selling that product or service. In the basic break-even point problem, the goal is to determine the number of participants required to ensure that the event breaks-even.
Case A: Basic break-even point problem Total Fixed Costs: $10,080 Variable Cost per Participant: $2.00Ticket Price per Participant: $20. The formula to calculate the break-even point is as follows: where, Fixed Costs = $10,080 Variable Costs = $2.00 Price = $20. Using these values, the break-even point can be calculated as follows: Break-even Point = $10,080 / ($20 - $2)Break-even Point = $10,080 / $18 Break-even Point = 560. Hence, 560 participants are required to ensure that the event breaks-even.
Case B: Variation of the basic break-even point problem Total Fixed Costs: $10,080 Variable Cost per Participant: $2.00 To calculate this, we need to first calculate the total cost and total revenue. Total Cost = $10,080 + ($2 * 600) Total Cost = $11,280 Total Revenue = $x * 600 where, Number of Participants = 600. Using the break-even point formula, we can calculate the minimum price as follows:$11,280. Price * 600 = $11,280 Price = $11,280 / 600 Price = $18.80 Hence, the minimum price that spectators must be charged is $18.80.
The minimum price that spectators must be charged is the price at which the total revenue generated from selling tickets is equal to the total cost of producing the event.
Total Cost = Fixed Costs + (Variable Costs * Number of Participants)
Break-even Point = Fixed Costs / (Price - Variable Costs)
Total Revenue = Price * Number of Participants
$10,080 + ($2 * 600)$11,280 = $10,080 + $1,200= $11,280
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Find two different companies, one company that produces goods and one company that delivers a service. From an Operations Management perspective, compare these two companies. Your answer can be in chart form.
Operations Management involves overseeing the day-to-day operations of a company, encompassing production, inventory management, quality control, and supply chain management. Let's compare two companies, Toyota Motors and Amazon Web Services (AWS), from an Operations Management perspective.
Company Name: Toyota Motors
Product Type: Automobiles
Product Design: Toyota is renowned for high-quality, durable, and reliable automobiles. The company emphasizes continuous improvement and implements lean manufacturing principles. It employs a just-in-time inventory system to minimize waste and maintain production efficiency. Toyota maintains a strong commitment to ensuring quality at every stage of the production process.
Company Name: Amazon Web Services (AWS)
Product Type: Cloud Computing Services
Product Design: AWS offers a range of cloud computing services, including data storage, computing power, and machine learning capabilities. Security is a top priority for AWS, employing a multi-layered approach to safeguard data privacy and protection. The company is dedicated to delivering exceptional customer service and support. AWS places a strong emphasis on innovation and continuous improvement to stay competitive.
The following chart summarizes the key differences between the two companies:
Criteria | Toyota Motors | Amazon Web Services (AWS)
Product Type | Automobiles | Cloud Computing Services
Product Design | High-quality, durable, | Multi-layered approach to security
| reliable | Data storage
| Continuous improvement | Computing power
| Lean manufacturing principles| Machine learning
| Just-in-time inventory system| Highest standards of customer service and support
| Focus on quality at every | Innovation and continuous improvement
| stage of production
In conclusion, although Toyota Motors and Amazon Web Services operate in different industries, both can benefit from a focus on Operations Management. By improving production processes, minimizing waste, maintaining high quality standards, and prioritizing customer satisfaction, these companies can enhance efficiency, increase profitability, and remain competitive in their respective markets.
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Explain at least three potential challenges and/or obstacles that Fresh Food could face if the
company decides to include potential providers from Mexico and South America
Fresh Food is a food company that could potentially face cross-cultural challenges if it decides to include potential providers from Mexico and South America
Here are three potential challenges:
1. Language Barrier: A potential obstacle that Fresh Food could face is a language barrier between the company and the providers. This could make it challenging for both parties to communicate effectively and efficiently, which could lead to misunderstandings and misinterpretations.
2. Transportation: Another potential challenge that Fresh Food could face is transportation. Mexico and South America are located far from Fresh Food's headquarters, and transportation could be a significant issue. The company would need to ensure that the food products are transported safely and efficiently to maintain their freshness.
3. Cultural Differences: Finally, a potential challenge that Fresh Food could face is cultural differences. Mexico and South America have different cultures, cuisines, and customs than those in the United States. Fresh Food would need to be sensitive to these differences to avoid offending providers and to ensure that the food products meet the company's standards.
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What would be the net annual cost of the following checking accounts?
Interest earnings of 5 percent with a $500 minimum balance; average monthly balance, $600; monthly service charge of $18 for falling below the minimum balance, which occurs three times a year (no interest earned in these months).
The first step to calculating the net annual cost of a checking account is to determine the total monthly service charges incurred over a year. Afterward, we can deduct the interest earnings to get the net annual cost of the checking account.
We will also have to factor in the service charge for the months when the account balance falls below the minimum balance.
Interest earnings of 5% with a $500 minimum balance and an average monthly balance of $600 would earn 5% x $600 = $30 per year in interest.
Now let's calculate the service charge for the account. Since the average monthly balance is above the minimum balance, the service charge would only occur when the balance falls below the $500 minimum balance. Each time this occurs, a service charge of $18 is incurred. Therefore, the total service charge for the account is $18 x 3 = $54 per year.
Thus, the net annual cost of the checking account would be $54 - $30 = $24.
Therefore, the net annual cost of the checking account would be $24.
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Suppose in the market for banana. When the price is \( \$ 5 \), the quantity demanded for banana is 6 , and the quantity supplied is 18 . What's the amount of surplus in the market? Your Answer: Answe
The amount of surplus in the market is 12 as per the information provided through the following pocess.
Price of banana in the market is $5
Quantity demanded for banana is 6
Quantity supplied is 18To find:
Surplus in the market
Surplus is defined as the difference between quantity supplied and quantity demanded at a given price.
Since in the given problem,
Quantity supplied > Quantity demanded,
So, the difference between Quantity supplied and Quantity demanded will give us the surplus.
Surplus = Quantity supplied - Quantity demanded
Surplus = 18 - 6
Surplus = 12
Therefore, the amount of surplus in the market is 12.
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You are considering two investments. Investment A pays $2,500 in 15 years.
Investment B pays $2,000 in 9 years. The interest rate is 6%. Which investment is
better? (Tip: Use Excel to solve this problem.)
A)A
B)B
C)They are equal.
2)Jeff paid $8000 to buy a machine in period 0. The machine will pay out $3000 in
period 1, $3000 in period 2 and $3000 in period 3 before it completely erodes. The
interest rate is 5%. Based on this information, which of the following statements is
TRUE? (Tip: Use Excel to solve this problem.)
a)The NPV of Jeff's investment is negative.
b)The NPV of Jeff's investment is positive.
c)The NPV of Jeff's investment is $0. Inflation... a) increases the spending power of money. b)does not affect the spending power of money. c)erodes the spending power of money.
1) Investment B is the better option as it has a higher present value compared to Investment A. 2) The NPV of Jeff's investment is positive, indicating that the investment is profitable. Inflation erodes the spending power of money.
1) The first step is to calculate the present value of each investment using the formula:
Present Value = Future Value / (1 + Interest Rate)^Number of Periods
For Investment A:
Present Value of A = $2,500 / (1 + 0.06)^15 = $1,223.40
For Investment B:
Present Value of B = $2,000 / (1 + 0.06)^9 = $1,395.92
Now we can compare the present values of both investments. Investment B has a higher present value, indicating that it is the better investment option.
2) To determine the net present value (NPV) of Jeff's investment, we need to calculate the present value of the cash flows generated by the machine and subtract the initial cost. The NPV can be calculated using the formula:
NPV = PV of Cash Flows - Initial Cost
The present value of the cash flows can be calculated as follows:
PV of Cash Flows = $3,000 / (1 + 0.05)^1 + $3,000 / (1 + 0.05)^2 + $3,000 / (1 + 0.05)^3
= $2,857.14 + $2,723.24 + $2,593.56
= $8,173.94
Now we can calculate the NPV:
NPV = $8,173.94 - $8,000
= $173.94
Since the NPV is positive, the statement "The NPV of Jeff's investment is positive" is true.
Inflation erodes the spending power of money. As time passes, the value of money decreases due to inflation. Therefore, the statement "Inflation erodes the spending power of money" is true.
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The Islamic finance industry aspires to offer an ethical and
stable financial system.
Select one:
True
False
While the Islamic finance industry aims to provide an ethical financial system, it does not guarantee a stable financial system on its own. Therefore, statement is False.
The statement is false. While the Islamic finance industry does aim to provide an ethical financial system, it does not necessarily guarantee a stable financial system. Islamic finance is guided by principles derived from Islamic law (Shariah), which prohibits interest (usury) and promotes profit-sharing and risk-sharing arrangements. This means that financial transactions must adhere to specific ethical guidelines, such as avoiding investments in industries related to alcohol, gambling, or pork products.
While the ethical principles of Islamic finance may contribute to stability in certain aspects, such as discouraging excessive risk-taking and promoting fair distribution of wealth, it does not guarantee immunity from financial crises or economic downturns. The stability of a financial system is influenced by various factors, including macroeconomic conditions, regulatory frameworks, and market dynamics, which are not solely determined by the ethical nature of financial transactions.
Therefore, while the Islamic finance industry aims to provide an ethical financial system, it does not guarantee a stable financial system on its own. The stability of any financial system requires a comprehensive approach encompassing multiple factors and mechanisms.
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Each of two firms has one job opening. These firms offer different wages; the
wage offered by firm I denoted wi. Suppose that w1 and w2 satisfy
\frac{1}{2}w_{1}< w_{2}< 2w_{1}
Imagine that there are two workers, each of whom can apply to only one firm. The workers
simultaneously decide whether to apply to firm 1 or to firm 2. If only one worker applies to
a given firm, that worker gets the job; if both workers apply to one firm, the firm hires one
of them at random, with equal probability, and the other worker is unemployed (which has
a payoff of zero).
This situation can be modeled as a game in normal form. The players are the workers.
Each of them can choose to apply to either firm 1 or firm 2. Conditional on their choices,
payoffs are described in the following table:
firm 1 firm 2
firm 1 \frac{1}{2}w_{1},\frac{1}{2}w_{1} w_{1},w_{2}
firm 2 w_{2},w_{1} \frac{1}{2}w_{2},\frac{1}{2}w_{2}
Solve for the Nash equilibria of this game
In the above game, there are two players, Worker 1 and Worker 2. Both can apply to only one firm. Each firm has one job opening. Suppose w1 and w2 satisfy 1/2w1 < w2 < 2w1. Nash equilibrium is a set of strategies, one for each player, such that each player's strategy is a best response to the other player's strategy
This indicates that w2, the wage offered by firm 2, is greater than w1/2, the wage offered by firm 1 and is less than 2w1, twice the wage offered by firm 1. Let the strategies of Worker 1 be 1 and 2, indicating the choice of firms. Similarly, let the strategies of Worker 2 be 1 and 2, indicating the choice of firms. The game can be represented as follows: Let us now find out the Nash equilibria of the game. A. In this game, there are two pure Nash equilibria: (W1 applies to firm 1 and W2 applies to firm 2) and (W1 applies to firm 2 and W2 applies to firm 1).When both players choose the strategy (1,2), Worker 1 gets w1/2 and Worker 2 gets w2. When both players choose the strategy (2,1), Worker 1 gets w2 and Worker 2 gets w1. Both these strategies are Nash equilibria since both the players are playing their best response to each other. No player can do better by changing their strategy unilaterally.
Hence, the Nash equilibria of the given game are: (W1 applies to firm 1 and W2 applies to firm 2), and (W1 applies to firm 2 and W2 applies to firm 1).
The payoffs of the game are as follows:f1 f2
f1 w1/2,w1/2 w1,w2
f2 w2,w1 w2/2,w2/2
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1.2. The following information is provided to you, the financial accountant, with regards to FireKnife Limited which specialises in the manufacturing of motorcycle parts. They started their operations in year 2020 . The profit before taxation in 2021 amounts to R6 000 000 The income tax expense for 2021 and 2020 was calculated as R2 100 000 and R1 550 000 respectively The balance owing to SARS for current taxation according to the statement of financial position is R300 000 The income tax for 2020 according to the final tax assessment from SARS amounted to R150 100 Total payments made to SARS during 2020 amounted to R2 600 000 including payments for the years of 2020 and 2021 Capital profit of R150 000 was realised from the sale of a building during 2021 and also represents the capital gain as defined in current tax legislation. Dividend income of R500 000 (non-taxable) and a fine of R100 (non-deductible) was realised during 2021 Total dividends declared 2021 amounted to R120 000. The dividends tax rate is 15% according to legislation. Income tax rate for 2021 is 29% on taxable profits and has remained unchanged since 2020
FireKnife Limited's taxable profit for 2021 is R6,000,000, resulting in an income tax expense of R2,100,000. The company owes SARS R300,000 for current taxation, and the declared dividends of R120,000 are subject to a 15% dividends tax rate.
Based on the information provided, FireKnife Limited, a motorcycle parts manufacturer, recorded a profit before taxation of R6,000,000 in 2021.
The income tax expense for 2021 was calculated to be R2,100,000, and the balance owing to the South African Revenue Service (SARS) for current taxation is R300,000.
In 2020, the income tax expense was R1,550,000 and the final tax assessment from SARS for that year was R150,100. FireKnife Limited made total payments to SARS in 2020 amounting to R2,600,000, covering taxes for both 2020 and 2021.
During 2021, FireKnife Limited realized a capital profit of R150,000 from the sale of a building, which is considered a capital gain according to current tax legislation.
They also earned a dividend income of R500,000, which is non-taxable, and incurred a non-deductible fine of R100. The company declared total dividends of R120,000 in 2021, subject to a dividends tax rate of 15% as per legislation.
The income tax rate for 2021 and 2020 is 29% on taxable profits, and this rate has remained unchanged since 2020.
In summary, FireKnife Limited's financial information for 2021 indicates a taxable profit of R6,000,000. After deducting the income tax expense of R2,100,000 and considering the non-taxable dividend income and non-deductible fine, the company's taxable income will be adjusted accordingly.
Additionally, the company owes SARS R300,000 for current taxation, and the dividends tax rate of 15% will be applied to the declared dividends of R120,000.
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Customer demand (weekly visits) at Hudson Jewelers is highly seasonal, as shown in the worksheet Hudson Jeweler Demand Case Data in MindTap (these data were used in Chapter 9 for forecasting). In the context of aggregate planning options (Section 14.2 and Exhibit 14.2), what types of decisions concerning resources does this service business have to make?
In the context of aggregate planning options, what types of decisions concerning resources does Hudson Jewelers have to make?Customer demand for Hudson Jewelers is highly seasonal, as shown in the Hudson Jeweler Demand Case Data worksheet in MindTap (these data were used in Chapter 9 for forecasting).
As a result, Hudson Jewelers must make decisions about resource allocation, such as inventory management, labor, and production facilities.Aggregate planning is the process of determining the optimal level of production, inventory, and staffing to satisfy customer demand while reducing costs. For service companies like Hudson Jewelers, this entails determining the correct number of employees, scheduling, and capacity management.
During the peak season, Hudson Jewelers may need to hire additional staff to fulfill customer orders and reduce lead times, but they may not need as many employees during the off-season.In addition, Hudson Jewelers may need to invest in more storage and production facilities to accommodate increased inventory levels. A company's production capacity determines how much inventory can be manufactured in a given period. Increasing capacity, on the other hand, can be costly and time-consuming.
Therefore, Hudson Jewelers must decide the best way to balance customer demand with resource allocation while keeping costs to a minimum. They can achieve this by using techniques such as subcontracting, part-time employees, and variable work hours. By making strategic decisions about resource allocation, Hudson Jewelers can ensure that they are well-positioned to meet customer demand while optimizing their profits.
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There are Genetic evidences supporting the existence of a human population bottleneck around 70,000 BC. True False
Therefore, the statement "There are Genetic evidences supporting the existence of a human population bottleneck around 70,000 BC" is True.
A genetic bottleneck refers to a sudden decline in the size of a population due to a catastrophic event, resulting in a loss of genetic variability. The genetic bottleneck was experienced by Homo sapiens about 70,000 years ago, resulting in a significant reduction in genetic variation among humans worldwide.
Bottleneck events might be caused by natural disasters, such as earthquakes, fires, floods, or volcanic eruptions. They might also be caused by human activities such as deforestation, hunting, or pollution, as well as climate change. As a result of this decline, the surviving population may not reflect the genetic diversity of the original population.
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In 1912, both America and England were still on the gold standard. The exchange rate was stable at 4.87 dollars per pound. Create a new variable called Titanic.Fare.dollar using vector calculations. Compare the histograms of Titanic$Fare and Titanic.Fare.dollar.
In the year 1912, America and England still used the gold standard and the exchange rate was constant at 4.87 dollars per pound. The Titanic Fare dollar variables histograms are to be compared.
Titanic Fare in dollars
The Titanic.Fare.dollar dataset is to be created using vector calculations. To convert Titanic Fare into dollars, the exchange rate is multiplied by the Fare in British Pounds. Hence, a new variable is generated called Titanic.Fare.dollar. Titanic.Fare.dollar contains the same information as Titanic.Fare, but in US dollars
Titanic.Fare.dollar = Titanic$Fare * 4.87
The histogram of Titanic.Fare.dollar is similar to the Titanic.Fare histogram, with most fares being between 0 and 500 dollars.
However, the Titanic.Fare.dollar histogram's x-axis values range from 0 to 2500, indicating that the majority of fares paid were under $500. Both the histograms appear to be right-skewed. The maximum fare paid in dollars is around $2500, which is five times the maximum fare paid in British pounds. These histograms of the two datasets are very close, with only a shift in the x-axis values.
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A report in Planet Money estimates that the cost of saving a job through higher tariffs on steel imports imposed by Trump is
A. $1,250 per year
B. $98,750 per year
C. $525,000 per year
D. $815,000 per year.
The cost of saving a job through higher tariffs on steel imports imposed by Trump according to a report in Planet Money is $815,000 per year. The correct option is D. $815,000 per year.
What is a tariff?A tariff is a type of tax on imported or exported goods. It is a form of protectionism that increases the price of imported goods in order to reduce or limit the competition faced by domestic manufacturers. Tariffs are sometimes used as a political tool to put pressure on other countries to change their policies, but they can also be used to generate revenue for a government. Tariffs have both benefits and drawbacks, depending on the situation in which they are implemented.However, according to a report in Planet Money, the cost of saving a job through higher tariffs on steel imports imposed by Trump is $815,000 per year.Tariffs are designed to benefit domestic manufacturers by increasing the price of imported goods, but they also increase the cost of production for domestic manufacturers who rely on imported goods.
When the cost of production increases, the price of goods increases as well, making them less competitive in the market.
Hence, option d, is correct.
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Testing the entire population would: O a. Be mutually exclusive. O b. Take too long. O c. Show many defects. O d. Provide more information than wanted.
Testing the entire population would take too long. Here option B is the correct answer.
Testing the entire population is an approach that involves inspecting each member of a specified population to see if it has a particular characteristic or meets particular requirements. It means inspecting each individual in the population for a particular characteristic or meeting a particular requirement.
There are several disadvantages to testing the entire population. One of them is that it can take too long. Testing the entire population can be a time-consuming and expensive process. The expense and effort required to examine each member of the population can be excessive in certain situations.
A significant number of individuals are often included in populations, making it difficult to test every member of the population. Another disadvantage is that testing the entire population can show many defects.
It's because there might be so many aspects or requirements to check that it can be difficult to manage, and there can be a high risk of identifying a lot of defects. As a result, if a representative sample can provide sufficient information for a study, testing the whole population might be unproductive and time-consuming. Therefore option B is the correct answer.
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Q=161−20p+20p b
+3p c
+2Y Where Q is the quantity in sulion kilograms (kg) of pork per year, pis the doeat pnce per kg. Po is the price of beet in Canadian dotars per kg. Pc to the price of thicken in dollars and Y=127 Demand as a function of p is (enteryour first response rounded to one decimal piace and youn second response as a whole number)
Given that, Q = 161-20p + 20pb + 3pc + 2YWe have to find the demand as a function of p.Since we have the demand function, let us differentiate the demand function with respect to p.
dQ/dp = -20 + 20bWe know that the demand function is an inverse function of the price function and hence the derivative of demand with respect to price is negative. Hence the demand function is inversely proportional to the price function.Thus, 20b < 20.
This means that if the beef price rises by 1 dollar per kg, the quantity of pork demanded will rise by less than 20 kg. Hence, b < 1. Therefore, the first response is rounded to one decimal place and it is 0.7.The coefficient of the price of pork is negative and this implies that the quantity of pork demanded is decreasing in price of pork.
We can say that the cross elasticity of pork with respect to chicken is negative. Also, the cross elasticity of pork with respect to beef is positive since the coefficient of beef is positive.Thus,
The demand for pork is [tex](161-20p + 20pb + 3pc + 2Y) = (161 - 20p + 14 + 381 + 254) = (810 - 20p)[/tex]
The demand as a function of p is Q = (810 - 20p).Therefore, the demand as a function of p is (810-20p) and 0.7.
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