how do the finding of margulis and other scientest that mitochondria and chloroplasts have their own DNA like cells nucleus support the hypothesis of endosymbiosis

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

La endosimbiosis seriada (Serial Endosymbiosis Theory) o teoría endosimbiótica describe la aparición de las células eucariotas o eucariogénesis como consecuencia de la sucesiva incorporación simbiogenética de diferentes bacterias de vida libre (procariotas); tres incorporaciones en el caso de las células animales y de hongos, y cuatro en el caso de las células vegetales.

El proceso de endosimbiosis seriada fue propuesto por Lynn Margulis en diferentes artículos y libros: On the origin of mitosing cells (1967), Origins of Eukaryotic Cells (1975) y Symbiosis in Cell Evolution (1981),1​ llegándose a conocer por el acrónimo inglés SET (Serial Endosymbiosis Theory). En la actualidad se acepta que las células eucariotas surgieron como consecuencia de los procesos simbiogenéticos descritos por Margulis, una vez ha quedado demostrado el origen simbiogenético de las mitocondrias y los cloroplastos de los eucariontes.2​3​

Lynn Margulis publicó un artículo en The Biological Bulletin en el que igualmente postuló la posible incorporación simbiótica de una espiroqueta para formar los flagelos y cilios de los eucariontes,4​ único paso sobre el que, al día de hoy, existen discrepancias.5​ La teoría de la endosimbiosis seriada no debe ser confundida con su posterior Teoría simbiogenética; la cual no es apoyada por la comunidad científica.

Explanation:


Related Questions

Why did the "Civil War Amendments" (13th, 14th, and 15th) of the United States Constitution have limited effects on the status of African Americans in the South during the decades following the Civil War?

A) The Civil Rights Amendments only applied to states of the Union, so states of the old Confederacy ignored them.
B) Southern states used “Black Codes” and other legal and traditional measures to keep African Americans’ rights limited.
C) The Confederate states never agreed to the terms of the peace of the war, so all restrictions on African Americans remained intact.
D) The Civil Rights Amendments had little to do with the rights of African Americans, but rather the amendments focuses on the rights of women and children.
Answer: Southern states used “Black Codes” and other legal and traditional measures to keep African Americans’ rights limited.

Answers

B) Southern states used “Black Codes” and other legal and traditional measures to keep African Americans’ rights limited.  


Which of these is an example of a monarchy?
A. A country
B. A republic
C. A democracy
D. A kingdom

Answers

Answer:

d a kingdom

Explanation:

kingdoms are ruled by a king a monarch

The example of a monarchy is a kingdom. Thus, option (D) is correct.

What is Monarchy?

A monarchy is a kind of government in which entire sovereignty is placed in one person, a monarch, who maintains the role until death or retirement.

Monarchs typically hold and accomplish their position through the privilege of hereditary rule, though there have been elective monarchies in which the king or queen holds the position after being voted into power.

A kingdom is the area which is ruled by the king or queen. It follows the rule of the monarchical form of the government. In simple ways, it can be said that A domain, area, or mental space in which something predominates.

Therefore, it can be concluded that kingdom is an example of monarchy.  Hence, option (D) is correct.

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From the list of ways that river systems helped early civilization, which answers (2) do not belong? *

Transportation
Growing crops
Pollution
Cleaning
Drinking water
Fishing
Hunting

Answers

Answer:
Pollution
Hunting

Benjamin Franklin
Name two ways that Ben Franklin served the Unite States?

Answers

Answer: he served in the Second Continental Congress and helped draft the Declaration of Independence in 1776

Which state tried to nullify federal laws

Answers

Answer:

state of south carolina

The state tried to nullify federal laws In American history, there have been three notable attempts by states at nullification. First, the 1798 attempts by Kentucky, South Carolina, and Arkansas to invalidate the Alien and Sedition Acts, two federal tariff statutes, and Brown v. Board of Education, respectively.

What is the state?

The state entries Produce an array with arrays representing the enumerable string-keyed property key-value pairs that are directly three notable attempts by states at nullification. First, the 1798 attempts by Kentucky, on the object as its elements. The only difference between this and using a for...in the loop is that a for...in the loop also enumerates attributes in the prototype chain.

John C. Calhoun, a politician from South Carolina, spearheaded it. He opposed the federal government's imposition of the tariffs of 1828 and 1832 and claimed that states had the power to prevent the enforcement of federal law under the U.S. Constitution.

The Virginia General Assembly had already approved Madison's Report of 1800 prior to Marbury. It allowed states could proclaim certain federal laws to be illegal, but such a proclamation would be meaningless absent court approval.

Therefore, Three prominent attempts at nullification by states. Kentucky attempts from 1798,

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Who institute or create government

Answers

Answer:

The Institute for Government is an independent charity working to increase government effectiveness. We work with all the main political parties and with senior civil servants.

The institute for government is an independent charity working to increase government effectiveness. We work with all the main political parties and with senior civil servants.

TULA NA NAGPAPAKITA NG LIKAS NA YAMAN SA ASYA

Answers

Answer:

$&#,'d uzi rhdg_#^#udbdjdkd GB sbskdjdbsvsjdkd

How are the powers of the legislative branch held in check? Select two options.

Answers

Answer:

The legislative branch of government is in charge of creating and passing laws.

Explanation:

The Cheyenne used horses for all of the following reasons except __________. A. farming B. trade C. travel D. status Please select the best answer from the choices provided A B C D

Answers

Answer:

A. farming

Explanation:

With horses, they could travel farther, and trade more, to them it showed wealth and power. because they could travel more they didn't farm as much, and their main use for horses was trade, travel, status, and hunting(that wasn't one of the answer choices but they still used them for hunting)

Hope this helps! :)

Answer: They used horses for all the following except (A.Farming)

ANSWER= A.FARMING (Incase you don’t wanna read)

Bi Sheng is credited with inventing moveable type for the Chinese 450 years before Europe would see this technology. Why would the learned people of China appreciate this invention? the Chinese were always trying to outdo the people of Europe it allowed books to be more cheaply produced and affordable they saw Bi Sheng as a peer Bi Sheng also invented public libraries to place his books

Answers

Answer:

it allowed books to be more cheaply produced and affordable

Explanation:

cuz i took da test

The learned people of China must appreciate the technology of movable type by Bi Sheng, as it allowed books to be more cheaply produced and affordable.

Who is Bi Sheng?

Bi Sheng was a Chinese inventor who developed movable type used for printing papers in a cost-effective and faster way. He invented this technology centuries before the Europeans did the same during the Industrial Revolution.

Hence, option B holds true regarding Bi Sheng.

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What are the three branches of federal government set up by the Constitution?

legislative, executive, and judicial
congressional, executive, and legislative
legislative, executive, and provisional
constitutional, executive, and provisional

Answers

Legislative, executive, and judicial are the three branches of the federal government set up by the Constitution. Thus, option A is correct.

What is Constitution?

A constitution is a collection of guiding ideas or accepted norms that serve as the foundation for democracy, organization, and perhaps other sorts of body's judicial process and frequently specify how another institution is needed to be operated and handled.

The federal government is an entity that is made by the constitution in which the powers are being delegated on three levels that is legislative, executive, and judicial.

Each level of own government like the legislative makes its law the executive government carries out the law while the judicial one check whether the rules are made is a correct followed in the correct way or not. Therefore, option A is the correct option.

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Answer:

a

Explanation:

2023 edge

1. How many Popes has the world had since the start of Christanity?
2. Which Pope declared the Crusades?
Help me out please! This is so urgent!

Answers

Answer:

There were totally 266 popes since the beginning.

The one that declared Crusades was Urban II.

Explanation:

The first Pope was of course Saint Peter and there were altogether 265 Popes after him, and the current is Pope Francis I.

Urban II declared Crusades in 1095 after the council in Clermont in 1095. The Crusades started after Byzantine emperor asked for help in the fight against the Seljuk Turks, but became something totally different that he expected.

Answer:

1. 261 popes

2. Pope Urban II

Since the start of Christianity, there have been over 260 popes serving. Sometimes, Popes ruled kingdoms and declared wars, if Vatican City was in the empire. The Pope the declared the Crusades on the Muslims was Pope Urban II. He declared so many until they got their land back.

Hope this helps you!

explain the causes and results of Western Europe coming to control the world econorrey in the
period 1450-1750

Answers

Answer: During the three centuries covered in this chapter, profound changes occurred on the European continent.

These changes affected life on all levels: the way people viewed themselves (their past, their present, and

their future potential), the way governments viewed their authority, the way religion intersected with

politics and individuality, and the way Europeans thought about and interacted with the rest of the world.

By the end of these 300 years, the European countries will have used their new technologies, new ideas of

governing, and new forms economic organization to become the dominant world powers. Much of their

success was based on competition and rivalry as they raced to secure faster trade routes, new colonial

possessions, and attempted to gain control of key resources. And much of their success came at the

expense of the land-based empires of Asia and the declining empires in the Americas.

So while the previous chapter was all about interactions, this one covers the period of European maritime

empire-building that resulted from those initial interactions across Asia and the Indian Ocean As you review

the enormous developments in Parts A and B below, think about how they were linked together and

impacted each other.

Description of transcendentalism

Answers

Answer:

Transcendentalism is a very formal word that describes a very simple idea. People, men and women equally, have knowledge about themselves and the world around them that "transcends" or goes beyond what they can see, hear, taste, touch or feel.

Explanation:

According to most polls, highly religious people are more likely to be
O left-wing voters
Oright-wing voters,
O Democratic voters.
O progressive voters.

Answers

Answer:

Right-wing voters are the most likely highly religous.

Answer:

right wing voters  tend to be highly religious on EDGE2021

Explanation:

How did Liu Bang defeat the Qin dynasty?

Answers

Answer:In October of 206 BC, he and his army attacked Xianyang, the capital city of the Qin and overthrew the Qin Dynasty.

Explanation:

Answer:

it's c

Explanation:

i just took the test on edge 2020 it's correct

nowwwwwwww nice dododood

Answers

Answer: HIIII

Have a great dayyy

Explanation:

73 POINTS TO WHOEVER ANSWERS FIRST




Carefully read the passage from the Qur'an here. In a well-structured paragraph, write a summary that describes three main
ideas in the passage.

Answers

Answer:

Righteousness does not consist in turning your faces towards the east or towards the west;175 true righteousness consists in believing in Allah and the Last Day, the angels, the Book and the Prophets, and in giving away one’s property in love of Him to one’s kinsmen, the orphans, the poor and the wayfarer, and to those who ask for help, and in freeing the necks of slaves, and in establishing Prayer and dispensing the Zakah. True righteousness is attained by those who are faithful to their promise once they have made it and by those who remain steadfast in adversity and affliction and at the time of battle (between Truth and falsehood). Such are the truthful ones; such are the God-fearing.

175. Turning one's face towards the east or the west is mentioned here only by way of illustration. The actual purpose of the verse is to emphasize that the observance of certain outward religious rites, the performance of certain formal religious acts out of conformism, and the manifestation of certain familiar forms of piety do not constitute that essential righteousness which alone carries weight with God and earns His recognition and approval.

Answer:

the person above me is correct!

Explanation:

In what year was the United Nations founded?

Answers

Answer:

October 24, 1945, San Francisco, CA

Answer:

October 24, 1945, San Francisco CA

20)
The quotation below is attributed to Santana, a Kiowa war chief, in 1867.
"A long time ago this land belonged to our fathers, but when I go up to the river I see camps of soldiers here on
its bank. These soldiers cut down my timber; they kill my buffalo; and when I see that my heart feels like
bursting, I feel sorry."
Which answer choice BEST explains what Santana is describing in this quotation?
-0)
A)
the impact of the Civil War on the American Indians
B)
the costs of establishing American Indian reservations
0
the impact of westward expansion on American Indians
D
the costs of establishing American Indian boarding schools

Answers

Answer:

A) the impact of the Civil War on the American Indians

Explanation:

The best explanation of Santana is describing in this quotation was the impact of the Civil War on the American Indians. The correct option is (A).

What do you mean by the Kiowa war?

The Kiowa engaged in numerous battles with nearby tribes, even extending their conflict into Mexico. The capital of the Oklahoman Kiowa Indian Tribe is Carnegie.

Additionally, they were the main cause of the strife that European immigrants to North America encountered.

The Kiowa and Comanche joined forces during the Kiowa Wars in the late 1800s.

The Kiowa society, which originated in the Northern Plains and moved to the Southern Plains, follows bilateral descent, meaning that both maternal and paternal lines are important.

Therefore, the best explanation of Santana is describing in this quotation was the impact of the Civil War on the American Indians.

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The definition of religion we have today first developed:
a. during the Protestant Reformation in response to the conflict between Protestants, Catholics, and politics.
b. in the 1960s in the US as departments of "Religious Studies" were being founded in various states.
c. with the founding of Christianity because Christianity would be used as the ideal type against which all other religions would be compared.
d. with the scientific revolution as Western European intellectuals came to believe that science would replace Christianity.

Answers

Answer:

Option a (during.............politics) seems to be the correct answer.

Explanation:

Christianity seems to be the faith through which the idea of faith was born. We use the meaning of this community to explain religious doctrine.  Reaction to something like the dispute between Protestants, Christians, including politics after the scientific revolution.  

The other options given are not connected to something like the example described. So, the solution here was the right one.

The Great awakening encouraged:

Answers

Answer:

The Great Awakening inspired colonists to help others, and encourage ideas of equality and stressed the importance of the individual. ... Ideas that were encouraged by the Great Awakening were the ideas of equality and importance of the individual over the authority of the church.

Early photographers had to work with whoch of the following in order to produce photographs?
Answers: Chemicals Flowers Computers or all of the above.

Answers

Answer:

chemicals

Explanation:

Answer:

chemicals

Explanation:

because if anyone has seen this people use a certain room to where you could place your photo and the photo would appear in liquid.(ex: stranger things Jonathan takes photo then places in liquid and the photo appears)

A muckraker journalist, _______, exposed mistreatment of the mentally ill.

A) Ray S. Baker
B) Elizabeth Cochran
C) Ida Tarbell
D) Lincoln Steffens
E) Upton Sinclair

Answers

Answer:

B

Explanation:

The Constitution begins with _____.
A.An apology about the Articles of Confederation
B.The First Seven Articles
C.The background of the delegates
D.The Bill of Rights
E.The Preamble
Next

Answers

The answer is the preamble

Where did General Washington defeat a large British force on January 3

Answers

Answer:

South Of The Town Trenton (Princeton)

Explanation:

The American victory at the Battle of Princeton (January 3, 1777) was one of the most consequential of the American Revolution. George Washington and his soldiers marched north from Trenton and attacked a British force south of the town.

Israel elects its leaders; therefore it has what type of government?
O A. Monarchy
O B. Democracy
O C. Dictatorship
O D. Communism

Plz help :))

Answers

Answer:

O B . Democracy

Explanation:

If a leader is elected it is a Democracy.

which statement about the first amendment is false?
A. it prohibits unreasonable searches.
B. it permits to free practice and religion.
C. it protects the press.
D. it guarantees freedoms.

Answers

Answer:

A. It prohibits unreasonable searches.

Explanation:

A. belongs to a different amendment.

It prohibits unreasonable searches is the statement about the first amendment is false. Thus, option (a) is correct.

What is amendment?

The term "amendment" refers to the changes, recreation, and development of legislation. Citizens benefit from the addition of rights. The amendment to the constitution is the Bill of fundamental 10 rights. The amendment's goal is to inform citizens about what is right and wrong.

According to the First Amendment, Congress may not enact any legislation that would respect religious freedom or forbid it altogether. The amendment are the words of the used by the religion clause in the first amendment. There are the different amendment of the different in the rights. There was not to the based on the prohibits unreasonable searches.

As a result, the prohibits unreasonable searches is the statement about the first amendment is false. Therefore, option (a) is correct.

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What was the next step after all the moisture was removed from the body

Answers

Answer:

Even so, unused canopic jars continued to be part of the burial ritual. The embalmers next removed all moisture from the body. This they did by covering the body with natron, a type of salt which has great drying properties, and by placing additional natron packets inside the body.

Explanation:

Bodies left in hot, arid environments typically mummify in about two weeks, whereas the process takes several months in enclosed areas. Remains in mild environments last about three months.

What did the Egyptians do to dry out the body?

They accomplished this by covering the body in natron, a type of salt with excellent drying properties, and inserting additional natron packets into the body. When the body had completely dried out, embalmers removed the internal packets and washed the natron off the body lightly.

The embalmers massaged the skin to make it supple after the body had completely dried. To make the body appear more fleshy and realistic, they perfumed it and stuffed padding beneath the skin. The mummies were then given a makeover by embalmers, who used blush and other paints, as well as false eyes, on them.

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What did the Persians consider to be demonic?

Answers

Answer:

Yes

Explanation:

They were very horrofiying

Answer:

123

Explanation:

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