How are energy carriers that are made during the first two steps of cellular
respiration used by the last step in the process?
OA. To accept oxygen molecules from electron transport chains
O B. To deliver electrons to electron transport chains
O
C. To regenerate the starting material of the Krebs cycle
O D. To make molecules of ATP by passing through ATP synthase
Answers
Energy carriers that are made during the first two steps of cellular
respiration used by the last step in the process To deliver electrons to electron transport chains
Explain cellular respiration.
Through the process of cellular respiration, which involves combining oxygen with food molecules, organisms direct the chemical energy contained in these substances toward life-sustaining processes while excreting carbon dioxide and water as waste, they are able to maintain their own existence. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP), an energy-rich compound that absorbs the chemical energy released from the breakdown of food molecules and releases it to power other cellular processes, is one goal of the degradation of foodstuffs.
The glycolysis , tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA cycle and oxidative phosphorylation can be considered the three primary metabolic stages or steps that make up the entire process.
A glucose molecule is broken down into two pyruvate (pyruvic acid) molecules during a process known as glycolysis, which occurs in the majority of cells. Glycolysis produces energy that is captured and stored in ATP as it breaks down glucose and other organic fuel molecules from carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. The substance nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is additionally changed into NADH during this process.
The breakdown, or catabolism, of organic fuel molecules is largely regulated by the TCA cycle, also referred to as the Krebs or citric acid cycle. The compounds NAD+ and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), however, are responsible for capturing the majority of the energy produced by the TCA cycle and turning it into ATP.
Each pair of hydrogen atoms taken from NADH and FADH2 during the oxidative phosphorylation stage contributes a pair of electrons that, when used by a succession of iron-containing hemoproteins called cytochromes, finally convert one atom of oxygen to produce water. The sequence of steps by which electrons travel to oxygen enables a steady reduction in the electrons' energy. Sometimes referred to as the electron transport chain, this phase of the oxidative phosphorylation process.
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Related Questions
Which of the following is NOT a myofilament?
Question options:
A) actin
B) myosin
C) troponin
D) none of the above
Answers
Answer:
C) troponin
Explanation:
Imagine a transmembrane molecule that lies in the plasma membrane and acts as a receptor for an extracellular signaling molecule. When the ligand-binding domain is inserted into the er during synthesis of this transmembrane molecule, will it lie on the lumen side of the er or the cytoplasm side?.
Answers
When a ligand binding domain is inserted into the ER during synthesis of the transmembrane molecule lying in the plasma membrane , it will lie on the lumen side of the ER.
ER stands for Endoplasmic Reticulum. It is a cell organelle present in eukaryotic cells only. There are two types of ER: rough ER (RER) and Smooth ER (SER). The RER is involved in protein synthesis and the SER is involved in lipid synthesis.
Plasma membrane is the outer payer present in all the cells. Its functions is to separate the interior of the cells from the outer environment. It is also a semi-permeable membrane involved in the regulation of traffic crossing it.
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what are the different ecological requirements of the two species of chthamalus stellatus and semibalanus balanoides.
Answers
Different ecological requirements of the two species of Chthamalus Stellatus and Semi Balanus Balanoides is that: C.s. lives attached to rocks in shallow water and is exposed to air by the receding tides and s.b. lives in the lower down on the same rocks.
What are the ecological requirements of the two species of chthamalus stellatus and semi Balanus balanoides.?Semi Balanus balanoides is a species of large barnacle that are adapted to living within deep water where it is rarely exposed to air. Chthamalus stellatus is slightly smaller species, living in deep and shallow water and are capable of withstanding exposure to air which causes dehydration.
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Genetic variation among humans is relatively small when compared to other species. Where in the human genome does most of the diversity occur?.
Answers
Due to the common ancestry of all humans, only a small number of variants have large frequency differences between the population. Human ancestral lineages are relatively young compared to other species.
sequences coding for tRNA in homeotic genes in mitochondrial DNA in single nucleotide polymorphisms. Human genetic diversity is substantially less than that of many other species, including our closest evolutionary relative, the chimpanzee. Genetic diversity is a function of the age of a population, the amount of time over which mutations accumulate to generate diversity, and its size. Now, evolutionary geneticists have shown that our ancestors lost much of their genetic diversity in two dramatic bottlenecks that slashed the population of modern humans when they left Africa between 60,000 and 50,000 years ago. Small populations tend to lose genetic diversity faster than large populations due to genetic drift from stochastic sampling error. This is because some versions of a gene can be lost due to chance, and this is more likely to happen when populations are small.
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a fossil is found to have a 14c level of 66.0 % compared to living organisms. how old is the fossil?
Answers
As a result, the value of t is 4340.9, and if a fossil is discovered to have a 14C level of 66.0% in comparison to live creatures, the age of a fossil is mathematically provided as 4340.9 years.
Who are the seven living things?Living beings have the following seven characteristics: movement, breathing or respiration, waste, growth, sensitivity, and reproduction. Living things exhibit all seven of these traits, although certain non-living entities may only exhibit one or two of them.
What components do living things have?All living things are made up of cells, which are regarded as the basic building blocks of life. Complexity exists in even one-celled organisms! A cell's organelles and structures are made of molecules, which are composed of atoms. In multicellular organisms, tissues are made up of related cells.
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why is no force (tension) developed during the latent period of the twitch graph for a single muscle fiber?
Answers
There is no force during the latent period, the motion capacity is being propagated alongside the sarcolemma.
At the molecular level, summation takes place due to the fact the second one stimulus triggers the discharge of extra Ca++ ions, which turn out to be to be had to spark off extra sarcomeres even as the muscle remains contracting from the primary stimulus.
Summation outcomes in more contraction of the motor unit.If a sarcomere is stretched beyond the perfect length (past a hundred and twenty percent), thick and skinny filaments do now no longer absolutely overlap, which leads to much less stress produced. If the muscle is stretched to the factor wherein the thick and skinny filaments do now no longer overlap at all, no cross-bridges may be formed, and no stress is generated.
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what physical traits (adaptations do all mammals have in common that relate to living on land? (select all that apply)
Answers
Answer:
Mammals have several traits in common, including the presence of hair or fur, sweat glands, and mammary glands. Some mammals, such as dolphins and whales, evolved to live back in the ocean by adapting from land-dwelling creatures
which of the following is essential in dna replication, transcription, and translation? group of answer choices hydrogen bonding between complementary bases reading a dna template from 3' to 5' synthesizing a nucleic acid from 5' to 3' initiating at a promoter terminating at a stop codon
Answers
The ability to read a DNA template from 3' to 5' is required for DNA replication, transcription, and translation.
According to the Central Dogma of Molecular Biology, DNA creates RNA, which creates proteins. The process of copying DNA to RNA is known as transcription, and the process of using RNA to make proteins is known as translation.
The opening of the double helix and separation of the DNA strands, priming of the template strand, and assembly of the new DNA segment are the three major steps in replication.
DNA replication necessitates the action of three major enzymes, each with a distinct role: Helicase is responsible for unzipping and unwinding the DNA molecule. DNA polymerase adds a new complementary strand of DNA to each of the original helicase-separated halves.
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Answer the questions below.
1. Where are nutrients accumulated or stored for short or long periods?
Answers
Answer:
Nutrients are chemicals that are required for plant and animal growth and other life processes. Nutrients are accumulated for short or long periods of time in Earth's atmosphere, oceans, and land masses. Scientists refer to these accumulations as stores (Figure 2.15).
Explanation:
a bomb calorimeter can provide a close approximation for the amount of energy that will be produced by the body through the process of metabolism.
Answers
There are two solutions to this problem, either:
1: Isha has the bigger part (:3)
2: or Isha has the smaller part (2:)
What is type b blood?Jay has type b blood and his wife isha has type a blood. both of jay's parents have type ab blood and both isha's parents also have type ab blood.
Isha = 3x = 600
solve for x:
x = 600/3 = 200
Then Roger has 2x = 2*200 = 400
600:400
6:4
3:2
the ratio complies, Isha has 600 and Roger 400
Isha = 2x = 600
x = 300
Roger = 3x = 3*300 = 900
600:900
6:9
2:3
the ratio complies, Isha has 600 and Roger 900.
Therefore, There are two solutions to this problem, either:
1: Isha has the bigger part (:3)
2: or Isha has the smaller part (2:)
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biomes are defined by multiple choice temperature and rainfall. types of animals. their size. plants, animals, and inorganic matter. communities.
Answers
Temperature and precipitation are used to describe biomes. An place is categorized as having a certain biome based on the species that inhabit it.
In biology, what is a biome?The greatest geographic biotic unit and main community of plants and animals with comparable life forms and environmental conditions is referred to as a biome. It is also referred to as a major life zone. It has a variety of communities and is named for the predominant vegetation type, such as coniferous forest or grassland.
What features do biomes have?An place is categorized as having a certain biome based on the species that inhabit it. Scientists can identify a biome by defining the range of temperatures, the kind of soil, the amount of light, and the amount of water that are distinctive to that location. These factors create niches for particular species.
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Do more underwater labs need to be created? Why or why not?
Answers
Answer:
It's opinions based so I'll give you some info that you can use for whatever you choose.
Explanation:
It costs lots of money as well as staff which is very expensive to maintain one. There is also extra costs required for developing, testing, and maintaining a water proof area.
A sample of element x contains 90% x-35 atoms, 8% x-37 atoms, and 2% x-38 atoms. The average isotopic mass is closest to:.
Answers
The average atomic mass of X will be closer to 35 amu.
Let the Isotope X³⁵ be A
Let the Isotope X³⁷ be B
Let the Isotope X³⁸ be C
The average atomic mass of X can be calculates as follows:
Isotope A (X³⁵):
Mass of A = 35 amu
Abundance of A (A%) = 90%
Isotope B (X³⁷):
Mass of B = 37 amu
Abundance of B (B%) = 8%
Isotope C (X³⁸):
Mass of C = 38 amu
Abundance of C (C%) = 2%
Atomic mass of X =?
Atomic mass = [(mass of A × A%)/100] + [(mass of B × B%)/100] + [(mass of C × C%)/100]
= [(35 × 90)/100] + [(37 × 8)/100] + [(38 × 2)/100]
= 31.5 + 2.96 + 0.76
Average atomic mass of X = 35.22 amu
Hence, the average atomic mass of X is closer to 35 amu.
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drag the labels to identify the anatomical differences between the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions.
Answers
In situations where quick reactions are necessary, the sympathetic division typically works. Actions that don't call for a prompt reaction are performed by the parasympathetic division.
What are parasympathetic and sympathetic divisions ?Your sympathetic nervous system is balanced by the parasympathetic portion of your autonomic nervous system. Your body's "fight or flight" response is regulated by your sympathetic nervous system, while the "rest and digest" response is regulated by your parasympathetic nervous system.
These ganglia's nerve cells make connections with the interior organs. The majority of the sympathetic division's ganglia are situated on either side of the spinal cord, just external to it. The parasympathetic division's ganglia are found close to or inside the organs they connect with.
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An atom undergoes radioactive decay according to this equation: what was the identity of the parent atom?.
Answers
The identity of the parent atom was iodine with atomic number 54 and mass number 129.
The disintegrating nucleus is typically referred to as the parent nucleus and the nucleus that survives the event as the daughter nucleus in nuclear physics and the physics of nuclear decays. Alpha Decay Parent Nucleus is Daughter Nucleus.
The many types of atoms whose nuclei contain specific numbers of protons and neutrons are referred to as nuclides in nuclear physics and chemistry. The nuclear energy states of nuclides are another way to describe them.
Isomers are nuclides that have distinct energy states but the same mass number and proton number, making them the same isotope by definition.
The given radioactive decay reaction will be as follows.
Iodine → Xenon + electron
Here, beta particle is emitted along with the formation of Xenon.
Thus, we can conclude that in this reaction the parent atom is Iodine.
The question is incomplete, the complete question is
An atom undergoes radioactive decay according to this equation: 129/54 Xe + 0/-1e What was the identity of the parent atom?
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8. The Of sound wave depends on the kind of material the waves are traveling through
a) Speed
b) Distance
c) Time
d) Energy
Answers
The two upper chambers of the heart in which blood collects before passing to the lower chambers are called
Answers
at 50% of maximum life span, how does the survivorship of albertosaurus compare to the survivorship of the crocodile?
Answers
Compared to crocodiles, Albertosaurus has a survival rate that is around 100 times higher.
Which curve's mortality rate is the highest?Kind III survival People with Type I survivability have high rates of survival throughout their lives. A steady percentage of people die over time in populations with Type II survival. Populations with Type III survival at young ages have very high mortality rates.
In what ways do survival curves differ?A survivorship curve is a diagram that shows the proportion of members of a particular species or group who live to each age (e.g. males or females). For a specific cohort, survival curves can be produced using a life table (a collection of people who are roughly the same age).
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calculate the free energy change for translocating a proton out of the mitochondrial matrix, where ph matrix
Answers
Protons are pumped out of the mitochondrial matrix into the intermembrane space.
Where is the mitochondrial matrix found?The inner and outer membranes of mitochondria define three compartments within the organelle, each with its distinct role and corresponding protein components. The innermost compartment, surrounded by the inner membrane, is the mitochondrial matrix.Chemiosmosis can be described as movement of ions across a selectively permeable membrane, down their electrochemical gradient. It occurs during the cellular respiration within mitochondria and it is involved in ATP synthesis (oxidative phosphorylation via ATP synthase).Electrons from electron carriers (NADH and FADH) donate electrons to the electron transport chain and that causes changes in protein complexes of electron transport chain. As a consequence, protein complexes pump H+ across a selectively permeable cell membrane from the mitochondrial matrix into the intermembrane space of mitochondria. H+ can only get back and pass through the inner mitochondrial membrane with the help of ATP synthase (down their electrochemical gradient). ATP synthase turned by the force of the H+ diffusing through it forms ATP by adding a phosphate to ADP.pH is usually calculated by the negative log of the H+ ions in a solution. The H+ ions are calculated in mols/Liter; Therefore a solute with a higher concentration of hydrogen ions has a lower pH. The difference between one pH to the next is 10 times fold the number of H+ ions.[H+]= mol/L.
pH=−log[H+]
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use the out-of-africa hypothesis to explain why it is possible that some or none of your genome may be derived from neanderthals.
Answers
According to the out-of-Africa hypothesis, it is possible that some or none of our genome may be derived from Neanderthals because Homo Sapiens interbred with the Neanderthals during ancient times.
According to the out-of-Africa hypothesis, Homo Sapiens were known to originate from the land of Africa.
After the origination, for some reason, all of the Homo Sapiens migrated to the Neanderthals before spreading to Europe. Hence, as history relates, the homo sapiens interbreed in the region of Neanderthals. Hence, it is possible that all Europeans or all of the Homo Sapiens have a part of their genome that is derived from the region of Neanderthals.
If only, this derived part of the genome can be altered if there are more mutations in those regions of the DNA.
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What type of energy is released from one trophic level to the next?
Answers
The type of energy which is released from one trophic level to the next is metabolic heat energy.
How energy is released from one trophic level to anotherEnergy simply refers to the ability or the capacity of doing work. However, when energy is being transferred from one trophic level to the other, it so happens by means of or the virtue of heat transfer. It is on this premise that we say that energy is released from one trophic level to the next through heat energy.
In conclusion, we can now confirm and deduce from the explanation given above that energy is needed for living organisms to be able to transfer it from level to another.
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What best describes the roles of photosystem i and photosystem ii in the process of photosynthesis?.
Answers
Answer:
They absorb sunlight and transfer the energy to electrons.
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List the things a plant growing on the surface of earth doing both photosynthesis and cellular respiration has in the biosphere, lithosphere, atmosphere, and hydrosphere. Provide an explanation
Answers
Plants carry out photosynthesis by taking carbon dioxide and sunlight (atmosphere) as well as water (hydrosphere), while they also carry out cellular respiration from their own nutrients (biosphere) and oxygen (atmosphere).
What are the metabolic processes of photosynthesis and cellular respiration?The metabolic process of photosynthesis is a series of chemical reactions by which plants can generate glucose by using materials present in the hydrosphere and geosphere (i.e. water) and also oxygen and sunlight from the atmosphere.
Conversely, cellular respiration requires glucose from the biosphere and also oxygen from the atmosphere (i.e. the air).
Therefore, with this data, we can see that the metabolic processes of photosynthesis and cellular respiration are based on materials and energy obtained from the all layers of the earth including the biosphere, atmosphere, geosphere (e.g. the nutrient for cellular respiration) and hydrosphere (e.g. water).
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calculate the amount of energy required to convert 260g of ice at 0.00 degrees Celsius to water at 0.00 degrees Celsius
Answers
At '0'°C, 1 g of ice needs 80 calories of heat to turn into water.20800 cal in heat are needed to turn 260 g pf ice into water.
How so much energy is required to turn 55.4 grams of frozen into water at 75.0 degrees Celsius?The result will be heat.Therefore, we can state that turning 55.4 g of snow at 0 °C to water will result in water.It takes 1609–5.92 gems of energy to reach 75 °C.
Which one retains more heat, 1g of snow at 0 C or 1g liquid water at 0 C?At 0°C, 1 gram in water has more heat than 1 gram of ice because water lost 336 J of energy to a atmosphere when it transforms from liquid to solid.
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Which invention played a significant role in the development of the cell theory?
Why was this historical event important?
Answers
Answer: The invention of the microscope
Explanation:
becuase the kidneys help produce vitamin d, if the kidneys fail, the absorption of what substance would be impaired
Answers
As a result of decreased renal tissue production of 1,25(OH)2 vitamin D-3 and hyperphosphatemia, which impairs calcium absorption and lowers serum calcium levels, vitamin D-3 levels during renal failure are also
Which factors lead to hyperphosphatemia?Hyperphosphatemia is defined as a blood phosphate level greater than 4.5 mg/dL (or 1.46 mmol/L). Chronic kidney illness, hypoparathyroidism, and respiratory or metabolic acidosis are some of the contributing factors. Tetany is one of the clinical characteristics that could result from underlying hypocalcemia. Serum phosphate levels are used to make the diagnosis.
what is signs and symptoms of hyperphosphatemia ?Patients occasionally describe symptoms including muscle cramps, tetany, or perioral numbness or tingling, which are signs and signs of acute hyperphosphatemia brought on by the effects of hypocalcemia. Other signs include rash, pruritus, and discomfort in the bones and joints.
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where do organisms store their energy
Answers
Answer: Food
Explanation: I learned this in Biology class! My teacher taught me that organisms store the energy in food to help growth the cell!
A population of butterflies has an intrinsic rate of increase of 0.64 but a growth rate of 0.36.
Calculate the carrying capacity of the butterflies when they start with 30 of them.
Answers
Answer:
-2.28
Explanation:
The intrinsic rate of increase is the maximum rate of population growth that can be sustained by a species in the absence of limiting factors, such as competition for resources or predation. The growth rate is the actual rate of population growth that is observed in a population. The carrying capacity is the maximum population size that can be sustained by a given environment.
To calculate the carrying capacity of the butterfly population, we need to use the formula:
K = r / (K - r)
Where K is the carrying capacity, r is the intrinsic rate of increase, and K is the growth rate.
In this case, the intrinsic rate of increase is 0.64 and the growth rate is 0.36. Plugging these values into the formula, we get:
K = 0.64 / (0.36 - 0.64)
K = 0.64 / (-0.28)
K = -2.28
the anthrax toxin was found to interfere with adenylate cyclase. at which point in the cell signaling pathway would this toxin interrupt normal cell signaling?
Answers
The cell signaling pathway in would this toxin interrupts normal cell signaling is the second messenger action.
It describes a series of chemical reactions in which groups of molecules within cells work together to control cellular functions such as cell division and cell death. Binding of signaling molecules to receptors. Signal transduction is when a chemical signal activates an enzyme.
Cell signaling describes the ability of cells to respond to environmental stimuli. Some examples are wound healing after injury, activation of the immune system in response to pathogens, and changes in gene expression at different stages of development. Receptor-ligand interactions and activation of signaling pathways are classified into four distinct types autocrine endocrine paracrine and juxtacrine.
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how at least 2 different body systems work together to maintain homeostasis in your body if you are out in cold weather.
Answers
Different body systems work together to maintain homeostasis in the human body if you are out in a cold weather.
How does body systems work to maintain homeostasis in your body if you are out in cold weather?Cardiovascular, urinary, and lymphatic systems help the body control water balance. The cardiovascular and lymphatic systems transport fluids in the body and help sense solute and water levels and regulate pressure. If the water level goes high, then the urinary system produces more dilute urine to help eliminate excess water. If the water level gets low, then more concentrated urine is produced so the water is conserved.
Cardiovascular, integumentary, respiratory, and muscular systems work together to help the body maintain stable internal temperature. If body temperature increases, then blood vessels in the skin dilate, allowing more blood to flow near the surface of the skin. This results in heat dissipation through the skin and in the surrounding air. The skin produces sweat if the body gets too hot and when sweat evaporates, it helps to cool the body.
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