Given R = 0.0821L⋅atm/mol⋅K, what is the volume of a mole of gas at a pressure of 2.5 atm and a temperature of 250K?

When solids melts to form liquids by applying heat, the closely packed particles of the solid gets apart and the intermolecular force of attraction weakens. Thus, they starts to flow.

Melting point of a substance is the temperature at which the solid state converts to liquids state where the two states are in equilibrium. In solid state, the particles are closely packed by the strong intermolecular force of attraction.

In liquid state, the force of attraction between  the particles is less than that in solids and they have some space in between to move apart. Therefore they don't have definite shape and will flow.

When solids are heated to the melting point, the particles inside acquires heat energy to move apart and starts to melt finally forms their liquid state.

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If you weigh equal amounts or volumes of two different liquids, the liquid that weighs more is more dense.

Volume is defined as the space occupied within the boundaries of an object in three-dimensional space. It is also known as the capacity of the object.

Moreover, volume is the amount of space a three-dimensional object occupies and it is measured in cubic units. Two examples of cubic units are cm3 or in3. Mass on the other hand is a measure of how much matter is in an object. Mass is often measured by how much something weighs (in units like pounds or kilograms).

Therefore, volume pertains to the three-dimensional space that is occupied by an object (i.e. solid, liquid, gas, or plasma). Volumes are determined by calculating the length, width, and height of the occupied space by an object.

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a.) The resistance of the bulb is calculated l to be 4.58 Ohm and b.) The fraction of the chemical energy transformed which appears as internal energy in batteries is 8.4%.

Energy transfer to an electric circuit per unit of electric charge measured in volts is called electromotive force .

Given, Voltage= 1.5 Volts

Internal resistance A  is 0.240 Ohms

Internal resistance B is 0.180 Ohms

and current = 600 mA = 0.6 Amps

a. To find resistance of the bulb:

The total electromotive force (E) of the electric circuit:

E = 2*1.5

= 3.0 Volts

Total internal resistance = 0.240 + 0.180 = 0.42 ohms

Electromotive force (E) is given by the formula:

E= V+ I r

E is electromotive force

V is  voltage and I is the current.

r is internal resistance.

Ohm's law is given by:

V= I R

Given, Resistance, R = 4.58 Ohms

E = IR + I r

R= E/I - r

= (3/0.6) - 0.42

= 4.58 ohms

b. To determine what fraction of chemical energy transformed appears as internal energy in batteries:

the electromotive force (E) in the batteries. E b = I R

= 0.6 * 0.42

= 0.252 Volt

Percent= (Eb / E) * 10

=0.252/3

percent = 8.4 %

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Note: The question given on the portal is incomplete. Here is the complete question.

Question : Two 1.50-V batteries—with their positive terminals in the same direction—are inserted in series into the barrel of a flashlight. One battery has an internal resistance of 0.240 Ω, the other an internal resistance of 0.180 Ω. When the switch is closed, a current of 600 mA occurs in the lamp. (a) What is the bulb's resistance? Ω (b) What fraction of the chemical energy transformed appears as internal energy in the batteries? %

When 0.1 mol of a is mixed with 0.1 mol of b in the reaction chamber and the reaction runs to completion, the 1500 ml of water in the calorimeter heats up from 24.2°C to 25.9°C.  ΔH for the reaction in kJ/mol is 106.59 kJ/mol

The ΔH for the reaction is given as :

ΔH = m c ΔT

where,

mass, m = 1500 g ( density of water is 1 g / mL)

c = specific heat =  4.18 J/ g  °C

ΔT = 25.9°C - 24.2°C = 1.7 °C

ΔH = 1500 × 4.18 × 1.7

ΔH  = 10659 J

ΔH  = 10.659 kJ

mole = 0.1 mol

ΔH  = 10.659 / 0.1

ΔH  = 106.59 kJ/mol

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Statement correctly describes a titration : A titration relies on a reaction that takes place in solution.

Basically, titration is a chemical method to determine the concentration of a solution. The trick is to react a solution in a certain volume with another solution whose concentration of the substance is known. This known solution is called a frozen solution. While the purpose of the titration itself is to determine the pH level of a chemical substance. The end point is when the indicator changes color.

This titration measurement usually uses several special tools, including a burette, stative, Erlenmeyer tube, rubber suction cup, watch glass, dropper pipette, measuring flask, and volume pipette. One of the conditions for the titration to run well is that it is characterized by a fast reaction, you can even use a catalyst to speed up the reaction. Furthermore, the reaction proceeds simply and the stoichiometric equation is clear. Then there are no side reactions that can affect the main reaction.

Based on the type, the titration is divided into four types. The three types are redox titrations, complexation titrations, and acid-base titrations and argentometry. For more details about these three types of titration, you can see in the following review.

Redox Titration

For this type of redox titration is a type of titration that processes with redox reactions. Redox in titration is still divided into three. Namely those that use I2 and are indirect titrations. This is because the reacted I2 is still made by the previous redox reaction. Meanwhile for the second type is iodometric titration which is used directly in I2 and can be called a direct reaction. The third type of redox is permanganometric where the reaction utilizes Mn2+ ions.

This type of complexation titration is actually a titration that uses complexation reactions and the formation of complex ions. Its use is usually to analyze metal levels. When you want to do a type titration there are several things to consider. This is more because the formation of complex ions is very specific under certain conditions.

The third type of titration is the acid-base titration. Actually, for this titration it refers more to a quantitative analysis method based on acid-base reactions. The indicators used are usually those that can profile the color change at a certain pH.

This last type is argentometric titration. This titration is a titration commonly used for precipitation reactions. Based on the principle of argentometric titration regarding solubility as well as the product constants of the reacting reagents. The method for Argentometric titration is divided into the Mohr method, the Volhard method, and the Fajans method.

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Using the equilibrium constant mean formula, the rate constant of the reverse reaction is 64.26 × 10∧-2 sec.

The value of a chemical reaction's reaction quotient at chemical equilibrium, a condition that a dynamic chemical system approaches when enough time has passed and at which its composition has no discernible tendency to change further, is the equilibrium constant for that reaction. The equilibrium constant is independent of the initial analytical concentrations of the reactant and product species in the mixture for a given set of reaction conditions. As a result, the composition of a system at equilibrium can be calculated from its initial composition using known equilibrium constant values. However, factors affecting the reaction such as temperature, solvent, and ionic strength may all affect the equilibrium constant's value.

Given;

Kc=12.6;

Rate of backward Reaction=Rb=5.1×10∧-2 sec;

Now,

Kc = [tex]\frac{Rf}{Rb}[/tex];

Rf = Kc × Rb;

⇒Rf = 12.6×5.1×10∧-2 = 64.26×10∧-2 sec.

⇒Rf = 64.26×10∧-2 sec.

Using the equilibrium constant mean formula, the rate constant of the reverse reaction is 64.26 × 10∧-2 sec.

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Steel is coated with zinc to prevent corrosion in two different ways: By creating a barrier, they stop oxygen and moisture from getting to the steel surface. Cathodic protection is provided at scratches.

Zinc is chemically active and rapidly alloys with other metals. When exposed to air, it forms a thin layer of gray oxide (patina), which prevents the metal from corroding further due to deeper oxidation. Corrosion resistance is a crucial quality for the usage of the metal.

Zinc is used to prevent corrosion because it is more reactive than iron and when oxygen in the air interacts with the surface of zinc, a highly dense and impenetrable layer of zinc oxide forms. This physical barrier shields the zinc from corrosion.

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Interactium has a relative atomic mass of 289.42 amu.

The total of the relative atomic masses of the atoms in the formula is the relative formula mass of a material made up of molecules. M r is the abbreviation for the relative formula mass. Determine how many atoms of each element there are in the chemical formula to determine the M r for a compound.

As a percentage of the reference value, the relative difference expresses the magnitude of the absolute difference: Reference value is the difference between the two values being compared (relative difference = absolute difference reference value). A fraction is produced via the relative difference formula.

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Transition A represents emission of light. This is shown by the downward facing arrow. This photon compares to transition C in the simple fact that A gave up 12.1 eV (therefore it is more intense), whereas C only gave up 10.2 eV (less intense).

The photon A and photon B frequencies were not specified in this case. It is impossible to determine which photon has more energy than the other as a result. It should be noted that the wavelength and electromagnetic frequency of the photon are inversely correlated with the quantity of energy. The corresponding wavelengths were described, but this description is insufficient to estimate the energy of each photon. In conclusion, the wavelength reduces the energy of the photon whereas the frequency controls its amount of energy.

would transition a represent emission or absorption of light? how would the wavelength of the emitted or absorbed photon compare to that of the photon involved in transition c? explain.

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Atoms * 0.881 for 200 years, Atoms * 0.215 for 2000 years and Atoms * 0.000244 for 20,000 years are left.

What are  Radium isotopes?

Radium isotopes are radioactive isotopes of the element radium. They are produced naturally as a result of the decay of uranium and thorium in the environment, and they can also be produced artificially in nuclear reactors. Radium isotopes are used in a variety of applications, including medical diagnostics, cancer treatments, and industrial radiography.

So,

a) For 200 years,

Step 1: Calculate the number of half-lives that have passed in 200 years.

200 years / 1600 years = 0.125 half-lives.

Step 2: Calculate the amount of radium remaining using the formula:

Amount Remaining = Initial Amount * (1/2)^(Number of Half-Lives)

Amount Remaining = Atoms * (1/2)^0.125

Amount Remaining = Atoms * 0.881.

b) For 2000 years,

Step 1: Calculate the number of half-lives that have passed in 2000 years.

2000 years / 1600 years = 1.25 half-lives

Step 2: Calculate the amount of radium remaining using the formula:

Amount Remaining = Initial Amount * (1/2)^(Number of Half-Lives)

Amount Remaining = Atoms * (1/2)^1.25

Amount Remaining = Atoms * 0.215.

c) For 20,000 years,

Step 1: Calculate the number of half-lives that have passed in 20,000 years.

20,000 years / 1600 years = 12.5 half-lives

Step 2: Calculate the amount of radium remaining using the formula:

Amount Remaining = Initial Amount * (1/2)^(Number of Half-Lives)

Amount Remaining = Atoms * (1/2)^12.5

Amount Remaining = Atoms * 0.000244.

What are Atoms?

Atoms are the basic building blocks of all matter. They are tiny particles that are composed of protons, neutrons, and electrons. Atoms are the smallest unit of matter that can exist, and they form the basis of all chemical elements.

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The molecular formula of the compound would be [tex]H_2CO_3[/tex].

The molecular formula of compounds is related to their empirical formula, such that:

[Empirical formula]n = Molecular formula

Where n is the ratio of the molar mass of the molecular formula and the molar mass of the empirical formula.

Now, let's find the empirical formula of the compound:

H = 3.3            C = 19.3            O = 77.4

The moles equivalent of each atom can be calculated by dividing by their molar weights.

H = 3.3/1 = 3.3 mol

C = 19.3/12 = 1.6 mol

O = 77.4/16 = 4.8

Dividing through by the smallest mole:

H = 3.3/1.6 = 2.1

C = 1.6/1.6 = 1.0

O = 4.8/1.6 = 3.0

Thus, the empirical formula of the compound is [tex]H_2CO_3[/tex].

Molar mass of the empirical formula = 2+12+48 = 62 g/mol

Molar mass of the molecular formula = 60 g/mol

n = 62/60 = 1.

In other words, the molecular formula of the compound is the same as the empirical formula,  [tex]H_2CO_3[/tex].

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16.01  grams of oxygen must have reacted .

Calculation :

Reaction :      2Cu + O₂  ->  2CuO

Theoritical moles of   Cu : O₂  = 2 : 1

Moles of Cu = mass/molar mass = 63.6/63.546 = 1.001 mol

Moles of O₂  = mass/molar mass  = 71.6/32.0 = 2.238 mol

Experimental of Cu  : O₂   =   1.001  :  2.238   =   0.4  : 1.0

Excess reactant is O₂

Limiting reactant is Cu

Moles of O₂ reacted = 0.5*moles of Cu

moles of O₂ reacted = 0.5 x 1.001  = 0.5004 mol

mass of O₂ reacted  =  moles x molar mass  =  0.5004 x 32.00 = 16.01 g

mass of O₂ reacted is  16.01 g

A chemical reaction is the process of chemical transformation of one group of chemicals into another group.  Classical chemical reactions involve changes that affect only the position of electrons in forming and breaking chemical bonds between atoms, with no changes in the nucleus (no changes in the elements present) and many If , it can be described by a chemical equation. Nuclear chemistry is a subfield of chemistry that deals with chemical reactions of unstable radioactive elements in which both electronic and nuclear changes can occur.

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in laboratory, the best answer is a buret.

A burette is a graduated and the glass tube with a tap at the one end, for delivering the known volumes of to a  liquid, especially in the  titrations. It is a long, graduated glass tube, with in a  stopcock at its lower end and a tapered capillary and tube at the stopcock's outlet.

It is the standard tool used in a titration method. Also, it is the best glassware because you can read directly the amount of volume added to a solution.

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Answer: Buret

Explanation:

Large and complex molecules like DNA and protein were not present, but Miller-Urey experiment showed that some of the building blocks for these molecules could be formed from simple compounds.

Stanley Miller and Harold Urey did an experiment to test Oparin and Haldane’s ideas and they found that organic molecules could be produced under reducing conditions thought to resemble that of early Earth.

Miller and Urey built a system having a heated pool of water and a mixture of gases that were abundant in the atmosphere of early earth. To simulate the lightning that might have provided energy for chemical reactions in  early atmosphere of Earth, Miller and Urey sent sparks of electricity through their experiment. After letting this experiment run for a week, Miller and Urey found that different types of amino acids, sugars, lipids and other organic molecules had formed.

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Using water for a barometer is not practically good, as water has a very low density so to create pressure, a large volume will be required which is not cost-effective, choose mercury, for it as it has high density.

What is Barometer?

An instrument for measuring air pressure in a specific environment is a barometer. Short-term changes in the weather can be forecasted based on pressure tendencies. The surface weather analysis makes extensive use of air pressure sensors. It will assist in locating pressure systems, frontal limits, and surface troughs. It is a scientific tool that is useful for determining barometric pressure, which is the measurement of atmospheric pressure.

What is Density?

It is a mass of a substance per unit volume. d = M/V, where d is density, M is mass, and V is volume, is the formula for density.

Hence, using water for a barometer is not practically good, as water has a very low density so to create pressure, a large volume will be required which is not cost-effective, choose mercury, for it as it has a high density.

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The volume of the balloon after heating, not the total volume of the flak and the balloon is 0.18 L.

An ideal gas is a theoretical gas composed of many randomly transferring factor particles that aren't difficult to interparticle interactions. the best gasoline idea is beneficial because it obeys the precise gas law, a simplified equation of country, and is amenable to evaluation under statistical mechanics.

Volume is a degree of occupied three-dimensional space. it's far more frequently quantified numerically the usage of SI-derived gadgets or by way of diverse imperial gadgets. The definition of length is interrelated with the extent.

Using the ideal gas equation:-

Given;

V₁ =  150 mL = 0.150 L

T₁ = 270 K

V₂ = ?

T₂ =  330 K

V₁/T₁ = V₂/T₂

V₂ = V₁T₂/T₁

     = 0.150 × 330 / 270

     = 0.18 L

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Silver is known in the chemistry world as a noble metal which means it is resistant to corrosion, but not completely.

I hope my answer helped you! If you need more information or help, comment down below and I will be sure to respond if I am online. Have a wonderful rest of your day!

The one way you can the difference between Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic cells is the presence of a membrane-bound nucleus.

Eukaryotic cells are organisms that have a membrane-bound nucleus. They are multi-cellular and have a large cell size. They are more complex and have a linear DNA form. They are normally found in animals, plants, etc.

Prokaryotic cells are unicellular organisms with no membrane-bound nucleus. They have small cells. They are simple and circular, and are encased by a cell wall. They do not have any mitochondria in them.

They both help in protein synthesis. They belong to the kingdom of bacteria.

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Answer Explanation:

A reasonable conclusion about the Arctic ecosystem based on the information provided is that the melting of the Arctic sea ice is negatively impacting the ability of seals, sea birds, and polar bears to find food and shelter and to raise their young. This melting is likely to have other impacts on the ecosystem as well, such as changes in the distribution and abundance of other species that depend on sea ice for their survival. Overall, the melting of the Arctic sea ice is likely to have significant and potentially detrimental effects on the Arctic ecosystem and the organisms that live there.

Answer:

used as displacement agent dueing chemical reaction.

Explanation:

A chemical property of iron is that it is capable of combining with oxygen to form iron oxide.Iron forces hydrogen out of compounds by a displacement reaction.

Answer: oxygen bonding

Explanation: the iron found in blood is used to bind oxygen molecules so they can be transported.

The ksp of AgOH is 1.98×10⁻⁸.

AgOH+HCL⇒AgCL(s)+H²O

⇒C₁V₁=C₂V₂

(AgOH) (HCL) (HCL)

By replacing, we obtain

⇒C₁×250ml=0.0136×2.60ml

C₁=0.0136×2.60/250

=0.000141

Now

AgOH=Ag+(OH)-

Hence,

=s²

=(0.000141)²

=1.98×10⁻⁸

So, the aforementioned answer is correct.

Titration is a method of chemical analysis where the quantity of a sample's ingredient is determined by adding a precisely measured amount of a different substance to which the desired constituent will react in a specific, known proportion.

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Good Conductors ;

copper, gold, aluminum, steel

Poor Conductors ;

glass ,rubber, wood, plastic,

Steel and bronze have the lowest heat conductivity, while metals like copper and aluminum have the highest. Copper is a good material for heat exchangers because it is a good heat conductor. Examples of effective electrical and heat conductors are gold, silver, and iron.

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Answer:

The freezing point of a substance is the temperature at which it changes from a liquid to a solid. When tin is added to a substance, it can lower the freezing point of the substance. This is known as a colligative property of matter, which refers to the ability of certain substances, such as solutes, to alter the physical properties of a solvent (such as the freezing point or boiling point) without changing the chemical composition of the solvent.

In the case of tin, when it is dissolved in a solvent, it can disrupt the interactions between the solvent molecules, making it more difficult for the solvent to form a solid. As a result, the freezing point of the solvent is lowered. This effect is more pronounced when the concentration of the solute is higher.

It's important to note that the freezing point depression caused by tin (or any other solute) is dependent on the concentration of the solute and the nature of the solvent. Different solvents will have different freezing points, and the freezing point depression caused by a given solute may vary depending on the solvent used.

Explanation:

Answer:

it dosent have gravity bc it's fallen

Heat change, ΔH, required to change 52.2 grams of liquid water into steam from room temperature (25 Celsius) to 115 Celsius is 135915.228 J.

The heat change required to change 52.2 grams of liquid water into steam from room temperature (25 Celsius) to 115 Celsius is determined as follows:

Heat change required, ΔH = ΔH₁ + ΔH₂ + ΔH₃

ΔH₁ is heat required to change liquid water at 25°C to water at 100°C

ΔH₁ = mass * specific heat capacity * temperature change

specific heat capacity of water = 4.184 J/g/K

ΔH₁ = 52.2 * 4.184 * (100 - 25)

ΔH₁ = 16380.36 J

ΔH₂ is the heat required to convert water at 100°C to steam at 100°C

ΔH₂ = mass * latent heat of vaporization of water

latent heat of vaporization of water = 2260 J/g

ΔH₂ = 52.2 * 2260

ΔH₂ = 117972 J

ΔH₃ is the heat required to change steam at 100°C to water at 115°C

ΔH₁ = mass * specific heat capacity * temperature change

specific heat capacity of steam = 1.996 J/g/K

ΔH₁ = 52.2 * 1.996 * (115 - 100)

ΔH₁ = 1562.868 J

Heat change required, ΔH = 16380.36 J + 117972 J + 1562.868 J

Heat change required, ΔH = 135915.228 J

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Answer: oxygen needs two take away- two rings

phosphorus needs three taken away- three rings

barium needs two added- six rings

oxygen and barium are the same.

Explanation:

Answer:

Salt°37Water°Solution.

Explanation:

It will be snow because H2o + Car36° - 47° = Snow because water + salt will dissolve into snow. The metal and salt in solution will be salt water. H2° + Car36° - 47° = Salt°37Water°Solution.

The angle relative to the normal interface of the two liquids at which the light is totally reflected is 78 degrees.

What is Snell's law?

The incident rays' landing point and the angle it forms with the refracted ray—not to mention the normal line that is dropped on the plane perpendicularly—create the point of refraction. In contrast to reflection, the medium through which the light rays are flowing produces a significant change in refraction. The refractive indices highlight Snell's Law's dependence on the medium.

Snell's Law, also referred to as the Law of Refraction, is an equation that connects the angles of incident and transmitted light at the meeting point of two dissimilar media. All materials and phases of matter are subject to Snell's Law.

the refractive index of the ethyl alcohol =1.361

the refractive index of the water =1.333

According to Snell's Law of refraction;

Ф=78

Therefore, we can conclude that the angle relative to the normal interface of the two liquids at which the light is totally reflected is 78 degrees.

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