Based on the IRR and NPV decision rules, the company should choose Project B over Project A as it has a higher IRR and NPV. Project B remains the preferred choice across all discount rates.
Using a financial calculator or spreadsheet software, we can find the IRR for Project A is approximately 13.42%, and for Project B is approximately 18.15%. According to the IRR decision rule, the company should accept the project with the highest IRR. In this case, the company should choose Project B, as it has a higher IRR.
However, the IRR decision rule assumes that cash flows will be reinvested at the project's internal rate of return, which may not always be realistic. Therefore, the decision based solely on IRR may not always be correct.
If the required return is more than 11%, we can calculate the NPV for each project by discounting the cash flows using the required return rate. For Project A, assuming a required return of 11%, the NPV is approximately $3,010.47. For Project B, assuming a required return of 11%, the NPV is approximately $4,373.38.
According to the NPV decision rule, the company should choose the project with the highest positive NPV. In this case, the company should choose Project B. The company would choose Project A over the range of discount rates where its NPV remains positive, which is below approximately 18.15%. Project B would be chosen over the entire range of discount rates.
The discount rate at which the company would be indifferent between the two projects is the discount rate where their NPVs are equal, which occurs at approximately 18.15%. At this discount rate, the NPV of both projects is zero, indicating that they have the same value to the company.
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A company has an accounts receivable turnover of 10 times. The average net accounts receivable during the period are ¥700,000,000. What is the amount of net credit sale? Cannot be determined from the information given O ¥70,000,000 O ¥7,000,000,000 O 700,000,000
The amount of net credit sale is ¥7,000,000,000.. Option C is the correct answer.
The accounts receivable turnover ratio is calculated by dividing net credit sales by the average net accounts receivable. In this case, we are given the accounts receivable turnover ratio (10 times) and the average net accounts receivable (¥700,000,000). By rearranging the formula, we can calculate the net credit sales.
Net Credit Sales = Accounts Receivable Turnover Ratio * Average Net Accounts Receivable
Net Credit Sales = 10 * ¥700,000,000
Net Credit Sales = ¥7,000,000,000
Therefore, the amount of net credit sales is C: ¥7,000,000,000.
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Excellent (lowest price, lowest percentage of defects) = 5, good (second lowest price, second lowest percentage of defects, 95% on-time delivery) = 4, average (highest price, 90% on-time delivery) = 3, fair (80% on-time delivery) = 2, poor (defect rate 10% or higher) = 1.
Hint: Do not forget to cross-multiply the performance ratings with their respective weights to calculate the total score.
By utilizing this rating system, business can make informed decisions based on a supplier's performance in terms of price, defect rate, and on-time delivery, thus ensuring a more efficient and reliable supply chain.
The rating system provided evaluates suppliers based on multiple factors, including price, percentage of defects, and on-time delivery. The scale ranges from excellent to poor, with corresponding numerical values assigned to each category.An excellent rating (5) signifies the supplier with the lowest price and the lowest percentage of defects. This supplier offers the best combination of affordability and product quality, making them highly desirable.A good rating (4) is assigned to the supplier with the second lowest price and second lowest percentage of defects. Additionally, this supplier demonstrates a 95% on-time delivery rate, which adds to their overall value.An average rating (3) represents a supplier with the highest price among the evaluated options but maintains a reasonable 90% on-time delivery rate. While they may not excel in terms of affordability, their reliability in meeting delivery deadlines is considered acceptable.A fair rating (2) is given to a supplier with an 80% on-time delivery rate. Though they may have room for improvement, they do not exhibit major flaws in their performance. Lastly, a poor rating (1) is assigned to suppliers with a defect rate of 10% or higher. This indicates that their products have a high likelihood of having issues, making them the least desirable option.
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Fargo Memorial Hospital has annual net patient service revenues of $14,400,000. It has two major third-party payers, plus some of its patients are self-payers. The hospital's patient accounts manager esti- mates that 10 percent of the hospital's paying patients (its self-payers) pay on Day 30, 60 percent pay on Day 60 (Payer A), and 30 percent Chapter 16: Current Asset Management and Financing. 603 € pay on Day 90.
a. What is Fargo's average collection period?
b. What is the firm's current receivables balance?
c. What would be the firm's new receivables balance if a newly pro- posed electronic claims system resulted in collecting from third- party payers in 45 and 75 days, instead of in 60 and 90 days?
(a) Fargo Memorial Hospital's average collection period is 66 days. (b) The firm's current receivables balance is $14,400,000. (c) The firm's new receivables balance with the proposed electronic claims system remains the same at $14,400,000.
a. To calculate Fargo Memorial Hospital's average collection period, we need to determine the weighted average number of days it takes for payments to be received from each payer category.
10% of self-payers pay on Day 30
60% of Payer A pays on Day 60
30% of Payer B pays on Day 90
Average collection period = (Percentage of self-payers * Days for self-payers) + (Percentage of Payer A * Days for Payer A) + (Percentage of Payer B * Days for Payer B)
= (0.10 * 30) + (0.60 * 60) + (0.30 * 90)
= 3 + 36 + 27
= 66 days
b. To calculate the firm's current receivables balance, we need to multiply the net patient service revenues by the corresponding percentages for each payer category.
Receivables balance = (Percentage of self-payers * Net patient service revenues) + (Percentage of Payer A * Net patient service revenues) + (Percentage of Payer B * Net patient service revenues)
= (0.10 * $14,400,000) + (0.60 * $14,400,000) + (0.30 * $14,400,000)
= $1,440,000 + $8,640,000 + $4,320,000
= $14,400,000
c. To calculate the firm's new receivables balance with the proposed electronic claims system, we use the revised payment percentages and multiply them by the net patient service revenues.
New receivables balance = (Percentage of self-payers * Net patient service revenues) + (Percentage of Payer A * Net patient service revenues) + (Percentage of Payer B * Net patient service revenues)
= (0.10 * $14,400,000) + (0.60 * $14,400,000) + (0.30 * $14,400,000)
= $1,440,000 + (0.60 * $14,400,000) + (0.30 * $14,400,000)
= $1,440,000 + $8,640,000 + $4,320,000
= $14,400,000
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The marketing return on investment of a company is 125%. The
marketing and sales expenses come up to $5 million. Calculate the
net marketing contribution for this company
Given that the marketing return on investment of a company is 125%. The marketing and sales expenses come up to $5 million.
To calculate the net marketing contribution for this company we have to determine what is marketing return on investment. The marketing return on investment (MROI) is the profit that a company earns on its marketing investment. This metric provides insight into how effective the company is at converting marketing dollars into revenue.
The formula for marketing return on investment is:
MROI = (Revenue from Marketing – Marketing Cost) / Marketing Cost
Given that MROI = 125%
Marketing and sales expenses = $5 million
We can use the formula for MROI to find out revenue from marketing.
MROI = (Revenue from Marketing – Marketing Cost) / Marketing Cost125%
= (Revenue from Marketing – $5 million) / $5 million1.25 × $5 million
= Revenue from Marketing $6.25 million = Revenue from Marketing
The net marketing contribution for this company is equal to the revenue generated by marketing minus marketing and sales expenses.
Hence,
Net marketing contribution = Revenue from Marketing - Marketing, and sales expenses
= $6.25 million - $5 million
= $1.25 million.
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What could be done to mitigate bias in interest
representation?
Main answerTo mitigate bias in interest representation, several things could be done. Here are some ways to minimize bias in interest representation:1. Increasing diversity in representation: People of different genders, ages, races, and cultures should be included in the decision-making process. Turbulence: As liquid metal is being poured into a mold, there are irregular and inconsistent changes in the flow's speed and direction.
To ensure that all groups are represented, organizations should create a diverse representation policy.2. Fair recruitment practices: Organizations should make sure that recruitment procedures are equitable, inclusive, and transparent to ensure that they are not biased.3. Using technology: To eliminate human error and bias, organizations should use technology to analyze data and make decisions based on the facts. This can assist in preventing any sort of bias that may have been unintentionally or purposely incorporated into decision-making.4. Offering education and training: Organizations should offer education and training to their staff to make sure they are aware of implicit bias, discrimination, and prejudice.
This will allow them to identify and rectify any biases that may arise in their thinking.5. Collecting feedback: By collecting feedback, organizations can determine if there are any biases in their decision-making process. This feedback can then be used to improve the process. These strategies include increasing diversity in representation, fair recruitment practices, the use of technology to analyze data, offering education and training to staff, and collecting feedback.
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True or False? Briefly discuss.
b. If a firm makes zero economic profit, it must shut down.
The given statement, "If a firm makes zero economic profit, it must shut down," is False. A company with zero economic profit would keep running because the organization is making adequate money to meet its opportunity costs.
What is Economic Profit?
Economic profit is the difference between the total income of a company and the total opportunity cost of producing. It can be calculated by subtracting both explicit and implicit costs from total revenue. Explicit costs are direct out-of-pocket expenditures, while implicit costs refer to the foregone revenue opportunities when money is invested elsewhere.When a company achieves zero economic profit, it indicates that the revenue obtained is precisely sufficient to compensate for the production's total expenses and the value of the next best option. The value of a firm's next best option is its implicit cost, which may or may not be expressed in dollars. If the total revenue is precisely equivalent to total expenses, including the implicit costs, there is no economic profit made by the company, but it is still covering all of its expenses.
Therefore, the firm will not be forced to shut down because of this. Likewise, if a company is experiencing constant losses, it should eventually shut down, while if it's continually generating an economic profit, it will thrive.
However, if a firm is incurring a loss, but the revenue is enough to compensate for all of the expenses, it should continue running to cover those costs.
inlace3774
11.03.2023
Business
High School
Economic profit is ______________ accounting profit.
shreyapq7
Economic profit is less than accounting profit. Economic profit refers to the net income of a company that is received after accounting for all of the expenses and associated costs.
The economic profit of a business is calculated by subtracting the explicit costs and implicit costs from the total revenues. Economic Profit = Total Revenue - Explicit Costs - Implicit Costs. Accounting profit is the net income of a company that is calculated by subtracting the explicit costs from the total revenue. Accounting profit only takes into account the direct expenses of a business, such as wages, raw materials, rent, and other expenses. Accounting Profit = Total Revenue - Explicit Costs. Therefore, Economic profit is less than accounting profit.
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Fred, a clerk at a Games Store, takes a game player and a selection of games from the store without permission. Most Way Product O a trade libel. O b.wrongful interference with a business relationship O c. none of the choices. O d.conversion,
Fred, a clerk at a Games Store, takes a game player and a selection of games from the store without permission. The crime committed by Fred can be referred to as D) conversion.
Conversion - Conversion is considered as the civil wrong in which someone interferes with the use or enjoyment of personal property that belongs to someone else. Conversion can be regarded as the unauthorized act that denies an owner of personal property of possession and use of their assets. The action taken by Fred is considered as a crime.
Conversion is more severe than theft or larceny because it involves denying the owner the rights to use their property. In this scenario, Fred, a clerk at a Games Store, takes a game player and a selection of games from the store without permission. This means that Fred is guilty of conversion because he denies the store ownership and possession of the assets in question. Fred should be held responsible and prosecuted for his actions.
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Fred's action in this situation is an example of conversion - a legal term pertaining to wrongfully taking or using someone else's property without permission.
Explanation:Fred's act of taking a game player and a selection of games from his workplace without permission is categorized under conversion. Conversion is a common law tort wherein one person, without the consent of the owner, deprives others of their personal property or interferes with its use. Because Fred has taken these items without the permission of the store owner, he is depriving the store of its property and interfering with its use for sale to customers.
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stion will save this response. Question 12 The asset's book value is determined by deducting the residual value from its original cost. O True O False
The correct answer is False. The asset's book value is determined by deducting the accumulated depreciation from its original cost, not the residual value.
The asset's book value is determined by deducting the accumulated depreciation from its original cost, not the residual value. The book value represents the remaining value of an asset on the balance sheet after accounting for its depreciation over time. It is calculated as the original cost minus the accumulated depreciation. The residual value, on the other hand, is an estimate of the asset's value at the end of its useful life and is used in calculating depreciation expense. By subtracting the accumulated depreciation, which represents the total depreciation expense recorded since the asset's acquisition, from the original cost, we arrive at the book value, which reflects the asset's net worth on the balance sheet.In conclusion, the statement "The asset's book value is determined by deducting the residual value from its original cost" is false. The book value of an asset is determined by subtracting the accumulated depreciation from its original cost, not the residual value.
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Accounting 1A
Chapter 14 – Financial Statement Analysis.
Account Classification
Listed below are balance sheet accounts for M4 Engineering.
Identify what balance sheet section the account
belongs i
With regard to the balance sheet items , here is the class under which they belong. See the attached.
Balance sheet itemsBalance sheet items are germane because they provide asnapshot of a company's financial fitness at a specific point in time.
They can be used to assess a company's liquidity,solvency, and profitability.
By understanding the balance sheet items, investors and creditors can get a better understanding of a company's financial health and make informed decisions about whether to invest in or lend money to the company.
See the attached.
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Full Question:
Although part of your question is missing, you might be referring to this full question:
Account Classification
Listed below are balance sheet accounts for M4 Engineering. Identify what balance sheet section the account
belongs in:
- Current Assets
- Long Term Investments
- Property Plant and Equipment
- Intangibles
- Current Liabilities
- Long-term liabilities
- Stockholders’ Equity
Account Amount Balance Sheet Section
Accounts Payable 5,000
Accounts Receivable 5,000
Accum. Depreciation 20,000
Bonds Payable 50,000
Cash 20,000
Common Stock 25,000
Copyrights 30,000
Discount on Bonds Payable 2,500
Inventory 1,000
Investments (long term) 25,000
Machinery 100,000
Marketable Securities 15,000
PIC in Excess of Par - CS 75,000
Prepaid Insurance 3,000
Retained Earnings 23,500
Unearned Fees 1,000
Wages Payable 2,000
Sales reports, call reports, and expense reports are all used in the process of __________ salespeople.
A. selecting
B. evaluating
C. motivating
D. training
E. supervising
Sales reports, call reports, and expense reports are all used in the process of evaluating salespeople. The correct option is B. Evaluating.
What are Sales reports?
Sales reports refer to the records of sales and revenue generated over a given period of time. They may also include information on the number of units sold, returns, and the overall profitability of a sales operation. Sales reports can be used to assess the performance of sales staff, identify sales trends, and create sales forecasts.What are Call reports?A call report is a record of phone calls made or received. These reports may include information such as the time and duration of calls, the parties involved, and the purpose of the call. They can be used to track communication with customers, monitor customer service, and evaluate the effectiveness of sales staff.What are Expense reports?Expense reports refer to the record of expenses incurred by a business or individual. These may include receipts for meals, travel expenses, office supplies, and other costs related to business operations. Expense reports can be used to track spending, manage budgets, and identify areas for cost-saving measures.In the context of salespeople, sales reports, call reports, and expense reports can be used to evaluate the performance of sales staff. By analyzing these reports, sales managers can identify areas where sales staff may need additional training, coaching, or incentives to improve their performance.
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A manufacturing company uses the weighted-average method in its process costing system. Operating data for the first processing department for the most recent period appear below for the number of units, direct material (DM) costs, and conversion costs (CC). Production data: % of % of Units completion completion (DM) (CC) Beginning work in process (WIP) inventory 1,200 20% 50% Started into production during the period 12,000 Ending WIP inventory 1,000 60% 80% Cost data: Beginning WIP inventory Cost added during the period OM $13,800 $31.000 CC $25,800 $58.700 Q. Under the weighted average method, what is the total cost of ending work in process inventory? ANS. $ Q. Under the weighted-average method, what is the total cost of units transferred out? ANS. $
1. Total cost of ending work in process(WIP) inventory under the weighted-average method: The total cost of ending work in process inventory is $7,900. 2. Total cost of units transferred out under the weighted-average method: The total cost of units transferred out is $101,120.
Under the weighted-average method, the total cost of ending work in process (WIP) inventory is calculated by determining the cost per equivalent unit for each cost category (direct materials and conversion costs) and multiplying it by the number of units in the ending WIP inventory.
To calculate the cost per equivalent unit, we add the costs incurred during the period to the costs in the beginning WIP inventory and divide it by the equivalent units of production during the period. In this case, the DM cost per equivalent unit is $2.85 and the CC cost per equivalent unit is $7.05. Adding these two costs gives a total cost per equivalent unit of $7.90.
The number of units in the ending WIP inventory is given as 1,000. Multiplying the number of units in the ending WIP inventory by the total cost per equivalent unit gives us a total cost of $7,900 for the ending WIP inventory.
Similarly, to calculate the total cost of units transferred out, we need to determine the equivalent units of production during the period. This is done by adding the units completed and transferred out to the ending WIP inventory units multiplied by the percentage of completion. In this case, the equivalent units of production during the period are 12,800. Multiplying this by the total cost per equivalent unit gives us a total cost of $101,120 for the units transferred out.
Therefore, under the weighted-average method, the total cost of ending work in process inventory is $7,900, and the total cost of units transferred out is $101,120.
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5A.PLEASE DO NOT COPY AND PASTE. I NEED OPINIONS. IF YOU HAVE
CITATIONS, EVEN BETTER. SO I CAN DO FURTHER READING.
discussing the relationship between outcome measures and quality
of healthcare.
1.Wha
Outcome measures are important indicators that assess the effectiveness and quality of healthcare services provided to patients. They help evaluate the results and impact of healthcare interventions, treatments, and procedures on patient health outcomes. By measuring and analyzing outcomes such as patient survival rates, functional status improvement, patient satisfaction, and adherence to treatment, healthcare providers can gauge the quality of care delivered and identify areas for improvement.
Outcome measures are quantitative or qualitative assessments of the results achieved from healthcare interventions or treatments. These measures are crucial in evaluating the quality of healthcare because they provide objective data on the effectiveness of healthcare services in achieving desired outcomes. For example, the survival rate for a specific disease can be an outcome measure that reflects the quality of treatment provided by healthcare professionals.
By examining outcome measures, healthcare providers can identify areas where they excel or fall short and make necessary improvements to enhance patient outcomes and overall quality of care. Outcome measures also enable comparisons between different healthcare providers or systems, facilitating benchmarking and identifying best practices. Moreover, outcome measures can inform decision-making processes, resource allocation, and policy development to improve healthcare delivery and patient outcomes at the broader system level.
In summary, outcome measures play a critical role in assessing the quality of healthcare by capturing the results and impact of healthcare interventions on patient health outcomes. They provide valuable insights for healthcare providers to evaluate their performance, drive quality improvement initiatives, and enhance patient care. Additionally, outcome measures contribute to evidence-based decision-making, benchmarking, and policy development to promote overall healthcare quality and patient well-being.
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4. The catch-up effect Consider the economies of Hermes and Gribner, both of which produce gaggles of gopweng only tools and workers Suppose that, dung the course of 30 years, the level of physical capital per worker rises by 3 tools per worker in each economy, but the sie of each labor force remains the same Complete the following tables by entering productivity on terms of output per worker) for each economy in 2016 and 2046 Hermes Labor Force Output Productivity Physical Capital Year (Tools per worker) (Workers) (Gaggles of gap) (Gaggles per worker) 2016 50 3,000 2046 50 3,600 Gribines Physical Capital Output Productivity Laber Force (Workers) (Gaggles of gep) (Gaggles per worker) (Tools per worker) Year 2015 50 4,000 2046 12 50 4,300 Initially, the number of tools per worker was lower in Hermes than in Gritines, Fram 2016 to 2046, capital per worker res by 3 unts in each countr The 3-unit change in capital per worker causes productivity in Hermes to rise by a amount than productivity in Gribner. The rates effect. the S لها 014 F H O
The catch-up effect suggests that economies with lower initial levels of capital per worker tend to experience faster productivity growth, allowing them to catch up with economies that started with higher levels of capital.
In this case, the economies of Hermes and Gribner are compared in terms of their productivity and capital per worker over a 30-year period.
In 2016, both economies had a labor force of 50 workers. In Hermes, the level of physical capital per worker was initially 50 tools, while in Gribner it was 12 tools. The output in Hermes was 3,000 gaggles of gap, resulting in a productivity of 60 gaggles per worker. In Gribner, the output was 4,000 gaggles of gap, leading to a productivity of 80 gaggles per worker.
By 2046, the number of tools per worker increased by 3 units in both economies. In Hermes, the physical capital per worker reached 53 tools, and the output increased to 3,600 gaggles of gap. As a result, the productivity in Hermes rose to 72 gaggles per worker.
In Gribner, the capital per worker also rose to 15 tools, and the output increased to 4,300 gaggles of gap. This led to a productivity of 86.7 gaggles per worker.
Considering the catch-up effect, the initial lower level of capital per worker in Hermes allowed it to experience a higher rate of productivity growth compared to Gribner.
Despite both economies increasing their capital per worker by the same amount, the impact on productivity was relatively larger in Hermes. This is in line with the catch-up effect, where economies with lower initial capital levels tend to experience faster productivity growth to catch up with more advanced economies.
Overall, the catch-up effect demonstrates how countries with lower levels of capital per worker can achieve significant productivity gains over time, leading to economic growth and narrowing the productivity gap with more developed countries.
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A perpetuity will pay $200 every six months beginning six months from today. If the interest rate is 12% APR, what is the value of this perpetuity today? 1 (round to the nearest dollar) Answers 1-1 1.
The value of this perpetuity today is $3,333.
To calculate the value of a perpetuity, we can use the formula:
Value = Cash Flow / Interest Rate
In this case, the perpetuity pays $200 every six months, so the cash flow is $200. The interest rate is given as 12% APR, which stands for Annual Percentage Rate.
To calculate the value, we need to adjust the interest rate to match the cash flow period, which is every six months. Therefore, the interest rate per period would be half of the APR, which is 6%.
Now we can calculate the value of the perpetuity:
Value = $200 / 0.06
Value ≈ $3,333.33
Rounding to the nearest dollar, the value of this perpetuity today is $3,333.
It's important to note that the perpetuity formula assumes constant cash flows continuing indefinitely and a constant interest rate. In practice, these conditions may not hold, and the value of a perpetuity may be subject to change based on market conditions and other factors.
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What is the maximum profit to be made from selling a call
option?
A. Unlimited gains
B. The premium
C. The expiry price
D. Strike price plus premium
The correct answer is A. Unlimited gains.
When you sell a call option, you receive a premium from the buyer of the option. As the seller, you have an obligation to sell the underlying asset at the strike price if the buyer exercises the option. However, as the option seller, your potential profit is not limited to the premium received.
If the price of the underlying asset increases significantly, the buyer may choose to exercise the option, and you would be required to sell the asset at the strike price. In this case, your profit would be the difference between the strike price and the market price of the asset, which can be unlimited. Therefore, the maximum profit to be made from selling a call option is unlimited gains.
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the law of diminishing marginal returns a. causes average fixed costs to decline continuously as output increases. b. results in mc but not avc curves eventually increasing at an increasing rate. c. causes the difference between average total cost and average variable cost to increase as output increases. d. results in average variable cost (avc), average total cost (atc), and marginal cost (mc) curves eventually increasing at an increasing rate.
The law of diminishing marginal returns results in average variable cost (AVC), average total cost (ATC), and marginal cost (MC) curves eventually increasing at an increasing rate. (Option d)
The law of diminishing marginal returns results in average variable cost (AVC), average total cost (ATC), and marginal cost (MC) curves eventually increasing at an increasing rate.
The law of diminishing marginal returns implies that as more units of a variable input are added to a fixed input, the marginal product of the variable input will eventually decline. This leads to an increase in the average variable cost (AVC) as more units are produced, as the same amount of variable input is spread over a larger quantity of output.
Since average total cost (ATC) is the sum of average fixed cost (AFC) and AVC, and AFC typically remains constant in the short run, the increase in AVC leads to an increase in ATC. Moreover, since marginal cost (MC) represents the change in total cost resulting from producing an additional unit of output, and diminishing marginal returns increase costs per unit, MC also increases at an increasing rate.
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Briefly explain the law of demand and law of supply in terms of
price and quantity demanded/quantity supplied due to the pandemic
phenomena with a diagram.
The law of demand states that as price increases, quantity demanded decreases, while the law of supply states that as price increases, quantity supplied increases.
The law of demand and the law of supply still hold during the pandemic, meaning that higher prices generally lead to a decrease in the quantity demanded and an increase in the quantity supplied. Pandemic has caused quantity demanded of health care goods to increase as well as quantity supplied of health care goods to increase as well. In this regard, the law of demand says that with increase in price, quantity demanded decreases and vice versa.
In contrast to it, law of supply says that with increase in price, quantity supplied increases and vice versa. When price of healthcare goods increased, then quantity supplied also increased in the market. It happened due to the pandemic.
Diagram of law of demand is as follows attached:
Here, it can be seen that with decrease in price from P to P1, quantity demanded increases from Q to Q1.
Diagram of law of supply is as follows attached:
Here, it can be seen that with increase in price from P to P1, quantity supplied increases from Q to Q1.
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If an interest rate of 8% per year, determine the unknown quantity in each of the following situations:
What uniform end of year amount for 10 years is equivalent to $8,000 at 10 year?
What is the present equivalent value of $1,000 per year for 12 years?
If an interest rate of 8% per year, determines the unknown quantity then the present equivalent value of $1,000 per year for 12 years is $8,385.46.
Given an interest rate of 8% per year, the unknown quantity in each of the following situations is determined as follows:
a) What uniform end of year amount for 10 years is equivalent to $8,000 in the 10th year? Solution: Let U be the uniform end of year amount required for 10 years to be equivalent to $8,000 in the 10th year. We know that: Future value = Present value x (1 + i) where i is the interest rate per period is the number of therefore, the future value of $8,000 at the 10th year will be: FV = $8,000 x (1 + 0.08)10 = $17,531.68 At the end of the tenth year, the accumulated amount is equal to the uniform end of year amount, U.So, U = $17,531.68 Therefore, the uniform end of year amount for 10 years equivalent to $8,000 at the 10th year is $17,531.68.
b) What is the present equivalent value of $1,000 per year for 12 years. Solution: Let PV be the present equivalent value of $1,000 per year for 12 years. We know that: Present value = Future value x [1/(1+i)n]where, i is the interest rate per period is the number of periods therefore, the future value of $1,000 per year for 12 years at the end of 12 years will be: FV = $1,000 x [((1 + 0.08)12 – 1)/0.08] = $21,725.06At 8% per year, the present equivalent value of $1,000 per year for 12 years is given by: PV = $1,000 x [(1 – (1 + 0.08)-12)/0.08] = $8,385.46Therefore, the present equivalent value of $1,000 per year for 12 years is $8,385.46.
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Suppose you are told that the capital stock is growing at 5 percent per year for the U.S. The labor force is growing at one percent. Then, capital per worker is growing at 2 percent 6 percent -2 percent. 4. We do not have enough information.
It can be concluded that the capital per worker is growing at a rate of 4 percent. Therefore, the correct answer is 4.
Given that the capital stock is increasing at a rate of 5 percent per year for the U.S. economy, while the labor force is growing at a rate of one percent, the rate at which capital per worker is growing is 4 percent. The growth rate in capital per worker is calculated using the following formula: growth rate in capital per worker = growth rate in capital stock - growth rate in labor force. The formula for calculating the growth rate in capital per worker is: growth rate in capital per worker = growth rate in capital stock - growth rate in labor force. This is represented mathematically as: growth rate in capital per worker = 5% - 1%growth rate in capital per worker = 4%. Thus, it can be concluded that the capital per worker is growing at a rate of 4 percent. Therefore, the correct answer is 4.
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what is identity management? enforces business rules vital to an organization's success the practice of gathering data and ensuring that it is uniform, accurate, consistent, and complete a broad administrative area that deals with identifying individuals in a system and controlling their access to resources within that system a company's examination of its data to determine if the company can meet business expectations and to identify possible data gaps
Identity management is a broad administrative area that deals with identifying individuals in a system and controlling their access to resources within that system.
In today's dynamic business world, identity management has become one of the most important aspects of any business or organization as it provides a way to manage user identities, authenticate users, and control access to applications, systems, and data. Identity management has many benefits, including:
Improving security and compliance Reduction of manual effort, thus reducing operational costs Centralization of user management and access management Therefore, identity management refers to a broad administrative area that deals with identifying individuals in a system and controlling their access to resources within that system.
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(a) Suppose we have preferences U(X, Y) = X1 Y3. Create a table and graph/sketch the indifference
curve through the bundle X = 10 and Y = 10. What is the utility at (10, 10)?
(b) The Marginal Rate of Substitution is MRSXY = - Y/3X. Interpret what this means and explain
why the MRS changes along the indifference curve.
(c) Let prices be Px = $5, Py = $10 and income M = $500. Draw/sketch the budget constraint.
Explain what the slope of the budget line means in economic terms.
(d) Give the consumer’s utility maximization problem and express this in words. What are the two
conditions (equations) that identify the optimum? Sketch this in a figure and explain.
(e) Show and explain why these preferences imply that the consumer will spend ¼ of her income on
Good X and ¾ of her income on Good Y
(f) For the income and prices in (c), what is optimal X and Y? Show your work.
(g) Suppose Px rises to $6 and Py falls to $8 but income stays at $500. Does consumer utility rise or
fall? Show and explain.
(h) Calculate the Compensating Variation that ensures the consumer is no worse off nor better off
with these price changes. Show and explain your work
To create a table and graph the indifference curve through the bundle X = 10 and Y = 10, we will vary the values of X and Y while keeping the utility constant at U(X, Y) = 10^1 * 10^3 = 10,000.
How do we calculate the utility for different bundles?Table:
Bundle (X, Y) Utility (U(X, Y))
(10, 10) 10,000
(5, 20) 2,000
(20, 5) 20,000
(2, 40) 800
(40, 2) 40,000
The indifference curve represents all the combinations of X and Y that yield the same utility of 10,000. By plotting these bundles on a graph, we can sketch the indifference curve.
b. The Marginal Rate of Substitution (MRS) measures the rate at which a consumer is willing to give up one good (Y) to obtain an additional unit of another good (X) while keeping the utility constant.
In this case, the MRSXY = -Y/(3X), which means that as the consumer consumes more of good X, they are willing to give up less of good Y.
Along the indifference curve, the MRS changes because of the diminishing marginal rate of substitution. As the consumer increases the consumption of good X, the marginal utility derived from each additional unit of X decreases, causing them to be willing to give up less of good Y to maintain the same level of satisfaction.
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Mike Reynolds has four assignments due in class tomorrow, and his class times are as follows: Class Marketing 304 OM 385 Finance 216 Psychology 200 Time 8 a.m 10 a.m p.m 3:30 p.m Each class lasts one hour, and Mike has no other classes. It is now midnight, and Mike estimates that the finance, OM, marketing, and psychology assign ments will take him six, three, four, and two hours, respectively. How should he schedule the work? Can he complete all of it?
Based on the given information, Mike has four assignments due in class tomorrow, with the following estimated time requirements: Finance: 6 hours, OM: 3 hours, Marketing: 4 hours, Psychology: 2 hours. Mike's class times are as follows: Marketing at 8 a.m., OM at 10 a.m., Finance at 12 p.m., and Psychology at 3:30 p.m.
Considering that Mike has from midnight until 8 a.m. to work on his assignments, he can allocate 6 hours to the Finance assignment. This will take him until 6 a.m. At 8 a.m., he has his Marketing class, so he cannot work on assignments during that time. After the Marketing class, he has two hours before his OM class at 10 a.m., which he can allocate to the Psychology assignment.
Since the Psychology assignment requires 2 hours, Mike can complete it during the two-hour window before his OM class. Once the OM class starts at 10 a.m., he cannot work on assignments until it ends at 11 a.m.
After the OM class, Mike has a break until his Finance class at 12 p.m. During this break, he can allocate the remaining 1 hour to work on the OM assignment, completing it before the Finance class starts.
Once the Finance class starts at 12 p.m., Mike cannot work on assignments until it ends at 1 p.m. After the Finance class, he has two and a half hours until his Psychology class at 3:30 p.m. He can allocate this time to work on the Marketing assignment, which requires 4 hours.
In summary, Mike can allocate his time as follows:
Midnight to 6 a.m.: Finance assignment (6 hours)8 a.m. to 9 a.m.: Marketing class (no assignment work)9 a.m. to 10 a.m.: Psychology assignment (2 hours)10 a.m. to 11 a.m.: OM class (no assignment work)11 a.m. to 12 p.m.: Break (no assignment work)12 p.m. to 1 p.m.: Finance assignment (remaining 1 hour)1 p.m. to 3:30 p.m.: Break (no assignment work)3:30 p.m.: Psychology class (no assignment work)By following this schedule, Mike can complete all of his assignments by effectively utilizing his available time.
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True/False: 17. In the short run, macroeconomics focuses on the business cycle, and in the long run, macroeconomics focuses on long-run economic growth. T F 18. Long-run economic growth is measured by
The statement "In the short run, macroeconomics focuses on the business cycle, and in the long run, macroeconomics focuses on long-run economic growth" is true.
Macroeconomics is a branch of economics that studies how an economy behaves as a whole, especially with regard to issues like inflation, unemployment, and economic growth, among other things.In the short run, macroeconomics focuses on the business cycle because business cycles are typically measured over a shorter period of time (one to three years), and this approach enables economists to assess how a particular economy is doing in the short run.In contrast, macroeconomics focuses on long-run economic growth in the long run, which is typically measured over a more extended period of time (five to ten years or more). Long-term economic growth, on the other hand, relates to a more sustained and continuous increase in an economy's output over an extended period of time.
18. Long-run economic growth is measured by increases in a country's real gross domestic product (GDP) over time. GDP is a measure of a country's economic performance that includes all of the goods and services produced within its borders over a specified period. When a country's GDP grows, it usually indicates that the country is experiencing economic growth.
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A new highway is to be constructed. Design A calls for a concrete pavement costing $80 per foot with a 20-year life; four paved ditches costing $3 per foot each; and four box culverts every mile, each costing $10,000 and having a 20-year life. Annual maintenance will cost $1,600 per mile; the culverts must be cleaned every five years at a cost of $400 each per mile. Design B calls for a bituminous pavement costing $55 per foot with a 10-year life; four sodded ditches costing $1.40 per foot each; and four pipe culverts every mile, each costing $2,100 and having a 10-year life. The replacement culverts will cost $2,450 each. Annual maintenance will cost $2,600 per mile; the culverts must be cleaned yearly at a cost of $225 each per mile; and the annual ditch maintenance will cost $1.55 per foot per ditch. Compare the two designs on the basis of equivalent worth per mile for a 20-year period. Find the most economical design on the basis of AW and PW if the MARR is 12% per year.
Design B is the most cost-effective design based on AW and PW since it has a lower negative value, indicating a lower cost over a 20-year period than Design A.
A design
The cost of concerete pavement is $90 multiplied by 5280.
The cost of concerete pavement is $475,200.
$ 3 X 5280 = cost of each paved ditch
$ 15,840 for each paved ditch
$ 31,680 for two paved ditches
The cost of three box culverts every mile is $9000 multiplied by three.
$ 27,000 for three box culverts every mile
Concrete pavement total cost in year 0 = $475,200 + $31,680 + $27,000
The total cost of concrete pavement in year zero is $533,880.
$ 1800 for annual maintenance
Annual upkeep in year 5 = $1,800 + 450 ($2,250).
B design
Pavement cost for plan B = $ 45 X 5280
Pavement cost for plan B = $237,600
Sodded ditch cost = $ 1.50 X 5280
The cost of sodded ditches is $7,920.
$ 15,840 for two sodded ditches
The cost of three pipe culverts is $ 2,250 multiplied by three.
Three pipe culverts cost $6,750.
Culvert replacement cost = $ 2400 X 3
Culvert replacement costs $7,200.
$ 2,700 for annual maintenance
Culvert cleaning costs $ 225 multiplied by three.
Culvert cleaning costs $675.
$ 1.50 X 5280 = yearly ditch upkeep
$ 7,920 for annual ditch maintenance
Bituminous pavement initial cost = $237,600 + $7,920 + $6,750
$ 252,270 for the initial cost of bituminous pavement
Annual maintenance cost = $ 2700 + $ 225 + $ 1.50 X 5280
Annual maintenance cost = $10,845
Year 11 cost = $237,600 + $7,920 + $2400 x 3 (cost of education) = $252,720.
design cash flow equation A worth equivalent = $ 533,880 (A/P, 6%, 20 years) + $ 1800 + $ 2,250 (P/A, 6%, 20 years).
Design B equivalent worth = $ 252,270 (A/P, 6%, 20 years) + $ 10,845 + $ 252,720 (P/A, 6%, 20 years)
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4) What is the relationship between Santa Claus and Coca Cola, Why did Santa Claus appear in Coca Cola commercials? (25 points)
Santa Claus and Coca-Cola are intertwined because Coca-Cola contributed to the development of the modern-day Santa Claus image and has portrayed him in their Christmas commercials.
The relationship between Santa Claus and Coca-Cola is that Coca-Cola contributed to the development of the modern-day Santa Claus image. Santa Claus, who was created in the United States in the late 1700s, was portrayed in a variety of ways. For starters, he was a tall and skinny man who wore a number of colors, including green, blue, and red.
Coca-Cola, which was founded in 1892, took advantage of Santa Claus's popularity by portraying him in their commercials. Santa was initially portrayed wearing a range of clothing, but by the 1920s, Coca-Cola had put their mark on him.
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a. Moon Plc has been specially formed to undertake two investment opportunities. The risk and return characteristics of the two projects are shown below:
X Y
Expected Return 10% 20%
Risk (standard deviation) 4% 7%
Moon plans to invest 60% of its available funds in Project X and 40% in Project Y. The directors believe that the correlation coefficient between the returns of the projects is +0.18.
Required:
i. Calculate the expected return from the proposed portfolio of Projects X and Y
ii. Calculate the risk of the portfolio and comment upon your result in the context of the risk reduction effect of diversification.
iii. How could Moon Plc invest its funds in order to obtain a minimum-risk portfolio?
b. Explain the principle of diversification. Your answer should include a discussion of systematic and unsystematic components of risk.
c. What return would a well-diversified investor expect from a Company, given the following information:
σA = 20%, σM=10% and rhoA,M =+0.6
Rf = 6%, RM =13%
a) i. To calculate the expected return from the proposed portfolio of Projects X and Y, we need to consider the weights and expected returns of each project.
Expected return of the portfolio = (Weight of X * Expected return of X) + (Weight of Y * Expected return of Y)
Weight of X = 60% = 0.6Weight of Y = 40% = 0.4Expected return of X = 10%Expected return of Y = 20%Expected return of the portfolio = (0.6 * 10%) + (0.4 * 20%)
= 6% + 8%= 14%Therefore, the expected return from the proposed portfolio of Projects X and Y is 14%.
ii. To calculate the risk of the portfolio, we need to consider the weights, standard deviations, and correlation coefficient of the projects.
Risk of the portfolio = √[(Weight of X)^2 * (Risk of X)^2 + (Weight of Y)^2 * (Risk of Y)^2 + 2 * (Weight of X) * (Weight of Y) * (Risk of X) * (Risk of Y) * (Correlation coefficient)]
Weight of X = 60% = 0.6Weight of Y = 40% = 0.4Risk of X = 4%Risk of Y = 7%Correlation coefficient = +0.18
Risk of the portfolio = √[(0.6)^2 * (0.04)^2 + (0.4)^2 * (0.07)^2 + 2 * (0.6) * (0.4) * (0.04) * (0.07) * (0.18)]
= √[0.0144 + 0.00976 + 0.0013824]= √0.0255424= 0.1599 or approximately 16%The risk of the portfolio is 16%.
Diversification can reduce the risk of a portfolio through the combination of assets with low or negative correlation. In this case, the correlation coefficient between the returns of Projects X and Y is positive but relatively low at +0.18. The risk of the portfolio is lower than the weighted average of the individual project risks, which indicates a risk reduction effect of diversification. By diversifying investments across different projects, Moon Plc has reduced the overall risk of its portfolio.
iii. To obtain a minimum-risk portfolio, Moon Plc should allocate its funds in such a way that the correlation between the returns of the projects is negative or as close to zero as possible. By selecting projects with low or negative correlation, the risk of the portfolio can be minimized. In this case, since the correlation coefficient is positive, it may not be possible to achieve a minimum-risk portfolio with only Projects X and Y. Moon Plc may need to consider additional investment options or diversify its portfolio further to reduce risk.
b) The principle of diversification is based on the idea that by combining different assets or investments with low or negative correlations, the overall risk of a portfolio can be reduced.
Systematic risk, also known as market risk, refers to the risk that is inherent to the entire market or a particular segment of it. It cannot be eliminated through diversification as it is influenced by macroeconomic factors, such as interest rates, inflation, and overall market conditions. Systematic risk affects the entire market and is beyond the control of individual investors.Unsystematic risk, also known as specific risk or diversifiable risk, refers to the risk that is specific to a particular asset or investment. It can be reduced or eliminated through divers ification. Unsystematic risk arises from factors that are unique to a specific company or industry, such as management decisions, competitive pressures, or regulatory changes. By holding a diversified portfolio with different assets or investments, the unsystematic risk associated with individual assets can be spread out, reducing the overall risk of the portfolio.Diversification helps investors manage risk by combining assets with different risk and return characteristics. By holding a diversified portfolio, the impact of adverse events on one investment can be mitigated by the positive performance of other investments. Diversification does not guarantee profits or eliminate all risk, but it aims to reduce the overall risk of the portfolio and potentially improve risk-adjusted returns.c) To calculate the expected return for a well-diversified investor, we can use the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM), which considers the risk-free rate, the expected market return, and the beta of the company.
Expected return = Risk-free rate + Beta * (Expected market return - Risk-free rate)
σA = 20% (Standard deviation of Company A's returns)σM = 10% (Standard deviation of the market returns)rhoA,M = +0.6 (Correlation coefficient between Company A and the market)Rf = 6% (Risk-free rate)RM = 13% (Expected market return)Beta (β) is calculated using the formula:
Beta = rhoA,M * (σA / σM)Beta = 0.6 * (20% / 10%) = 1.2Expected return = 6% + 1.2 * (13% - 6%)
= 6% + 1.2 * 7%= 6% + 8.4%= 14.4%Therefore, a well-diversified investor would expect a return of 14.4% from Company A.
About InvestmentsInvestment is an activity, either directly or indirectly, with the hope that in the future the owner of the capital will receive a number of benefits from the results of the investment.
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A company sells merchandise on account for $350 that is subject to a sales tax of 5%. Which of the following is true?
a. Accounts receivable and Sales revenue are both increased by $378
b. Accounts receivable and Sales revenue are both increased by $322
c. Accounts receivable is increased by $378, Sales revenue is increased by $350, and Sales tax payable is increased by $28
d. Cash is increased by $378 and Sales tax payable is increased by $28
The correct answer is; Accounts receivable will be increased by $378, Sales revenue is increased by $350, and Sales tax payable will be increased by $28. Option C is correct.
When merchandise is sold on account for $350 subject to a sales tax of 5%, the following journal entries are recorded:
Debit Accounts Receivable: $350
Credit Sales Revenue: $350
This entry records the increase in accounts receivable (the amount owed by the customer) and the increase in sales revenue.
Debit Sales Tax Payable: $28
Credit Sales Revenue: $28
This entry records the sales tax amount that the company collects from the customer on behalf of the government. Sales tax payable is the liability account which represents the amount owed to the government.
The total amount of the journal entries is $378 ($350 for accounts receivable and $28 for sales tax payable), which represents the increase in the company's assets (accounts receivable) and revenue (sales revenue) as well as the liability (sales tax payable).
Hence, C. is the correct option.
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Match the amount of equity ownership in an intercorporate investment with the accounting method that you should apply.
Group of answer choices
Passive (0-20% ownership)
[ Choose ] Consolidation Fair value method Integral Method Equity method Indirect Method
Significant Influence (20-50% ownership)
[ Choose ] Consolidation Fair value method Integral Method Equity method Indirect Method
Control (over 50% ownership)
[ Choose ] Consolidation Fair value method Integral Method Equity method Indirect Method
Passive (0-20% ownership) - Fair value method
Significant Influence (20-50% ownership) - Equity method
Control (over 50% ownership) - Consolidation
What accounting methods apply to different levels of equity ownership in intercorporate investments?When it comes to intercorporate investments, the accounting method applied depends on the level of equity ownership. For passive investments with 0-20% ownership, the fair value method should be used. This method focuses on valuing the investment at its current fair market value. For investments with significant influence ranging from 20% to 50% ownership, the equity method is appropriate. This method allows the investor to record its share of the investee's earnings or losses and adjust the investment's carrying value accordingly.
Finally, for investments where control is exerted with ownership over 50%, the consolidation method is utilized. This method combines the financial statements of the investor and the investee, reflecting the control and overall financial position of the consolidated entity.
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Treasury stock ______. (Check all that apply.)
is stock that is no longer outstanding
is a contra-equity account
has a negative equity balance
is the number of shares authorized minus the number of shares issued
- Is stock that is no longer outstanding
- Is a contra-equity account
- Has a negative equity balance
Treasury stock refers to the shares of a company's own stock that has been repurchased by the company and is no longer outstanding or held by external shareholders. It is typically held by the company itself.
Treasury stock is accounted for as a contra-equity account because it reduces the shareholders' equity section of the balance sheet. This is because treasury stock represents shares that have been repurchased by the company but are not retired or canceled.
Since treasury stock is a contra-equity account, it has a negative balance. This negative balance offsets the positive balance in the equity section, resulting in a reduction in shareholders' equity.
However, the statement "is the number of shares authorized minus the number of shares issued" is not accurate. The number of shares authorized minus the number of shares issued does not necessarily represent treasury stock. It represents the number of shares that can still be issued by the company based on its authorized share capital.
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Compared with autarky (where each economy consumes only from what they produce themselves), the combination of specialisation and trade is likely to: a. Shift the feasible consumption frontier to the right of the feasible production frontier b. Shift the feasible consumption frontier inwards c. Shift the feasible production frontier inwards d. Shift the feasible production frontier outwards.
Compared with autarky (where each economy consumes only from what they produce themselves), the combination of specialization and trade is likely to shift the feasible production frontier outwards. Therefore, the correct answer is d.
Feasible consumption frontier refers to the line that shows the various combinations of goods that can be consumed using all available resources in the economy. Feasible production frontier is a curve that shows the maximum possible production levels of two goods, which can be produced using all available resources.
Autarky is a situation where an economy produces and consumes all goods and services locally without any trade with the outside world.The combination of specialization and trade can lead to an increase in production and consumption levels of goods and services beyond the levels achievable under autarky.
Specialization refers to the division of labor and concentration on a particular production process or product, where each country produces goods that they have a comparative advantage in.Trade occurs when a country sells its goods to another country that has a demand for those goods. It then buys goods from that country that has a comparative advantage in producing the goods.
Specialization and trade increase the production capacity of each country and enable them to produce more goods than they would under autarky. Therefore, the feasible production frontier shifts outwards, creating more production possibilities, and enabling countries to consume more goods and services. Thus, the correct answer is d.
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