The reagent that will reduce an ester to an aldehyde is DIBAL-H as a reducing agent and the reagent that will reduce an acid chloride to an aldehyde is LiAlH[OC(CH3)3]3
A reducing agent is typically is generally species that have lowest possible oxidation states, and is known as the electron donor. A reducing agent is oxidized itself, because it loses electrons during the redox reaction.
According to the above cases given we can say that esters can be converted to aldehydes using diisobutylaluminum hydride (DIBAH). The reaction is usually carried out at -78 oC in order to prevent the formation of aldehyde as product.
Similarly Acid chlorides can be converted to aldehydes using lithium tri-tert-butoxyaluminum hydride (LiAlH(Ot-Bu)3).
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Draw a line to connect the following terms to their definition
1 fossil fuel
2 material resource
3 natural resource
DEFINITIONS
A resource used to make objects,food, or drink
B any natural material used by people
C a nonrenewable resource formed by buried remains of plants and animals
Answer:
Fossil fuel C
Material resource A
Natural resource B
Hope this helps
Explanation:
Answer:
Fossil fuel-----a nonrenewable resource formed by buried remains of plants and animals
Material resource-----any natural material used by people
Natural resource-----resource used to make objects, food, or drink
Explanation:
Fossil fuels are widely known as a nonrenewable source of energy that can be found by garnering the buried remains of plants and animals deep in the ground.
Material resources are natural resources we extract from the earth that have value and practical use for humans.
Natural resources are resources we extract from nature and use in order to survive. Natural resources are things such as water, food, and trees (aka material for shelter.)
Question What does the law of conservation of mass state? Responses Mass can be created and destroyed during a chemical reaction. Mass can be created and destroyed during a chemical reaction. Mass can be created but not destroyed in a chemical reaction. Mass can be created but not destroyed in a chemical reaction. Mass cannot be created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction. Mass cannot be created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction. Mass can be destroyed but not created during a chemical reaction.\
According to the rule of conservation of mass, no atoms are created or destroyed during a chemical process. Instead, the atoms combine in a variety of ways to create goods.
What is law of conservation of mass ?According to the law of conservation of mass or principle of mass conservation, any system that is closed to all transfers of matter and energy must maintain a constant mass over time since the system's mass cannot vary and neither more nor less amount can be added or subtracted.
The law of conservation of mass, no atoms are created or destroyed during a chemical process. Instead, the atoms combine in a variety of ways to create goods. This is why each element has the same amount of atoms on both sides of an equation with balanced symbols.
Thus, According to the law of conservation of mass, mass is neither generated nor destroyed during a chemical process.
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Calculate the amount of heat that must be absorbed by 10. 0 g of ice at –20°c to convert it to liquid water at 60. 0°c. Given: specific heat (ice) = 2. 1 j/g·°c; specific heat (water) = 4. 18 j/g·°c; δhfus = 6. 0 kj/mol.
The amount of heat to absorb is 6261 J
The heat capacity is the amount of heat expressed usually in Joules or calories needed to change the system by 1 degree Celsius
Here the calculation for heat is
Heat required to raise the temprature of ice form -20°C to 0°C
Then the formula for specific heat is used to calculate the amount of heat
Q = c×m×ΔT
Where Q = heat exchanged by a body
m = mass of the body
c = specific heat
ΔT = change in temprature
Then the given data is
m = 10g
Specific heat of the ice = 2.1
ΔT = 0°C - (-20°C) = 20°C
Then substituting the value
Q = 10g× 2.1× 20°C
Q = 420 J
Heat required to convert 0°C ice to 0°C water
The heat Q necessary to melt a substances depend on its mass m and this called latent heat of fusion of each substances
Q = m×ΔH fusion
Heat required to raise the temprature of water from 0°C to 60°C
m = 10g
Specific heat of water = 4.18
ΔT = 60°C -(- 0°C) = 60°C
Then substituting
Q = 10g×4.18×60°C
Q = 2508 J
Then Q total = 420J+3333J+2508J
Q total = 6261 J
The amount of heat to absorb is 6261 J
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What does ocean water contain that helps produce carbonate minerals from carbon dioxide
Answer:
Carbon dioxide (CO2) dissolves in the ocean and reacts with water to form carbonic acid—which in turn generates bicarbonate, carbonate, and hydrogen ions. Calcium and carbonate ions combine to form the solid calcium carbonate crystals in their shells and skeletons.
Sodium reacts vigorously with water; which other elements also do and why?
The high electropositive nature results in a low enthalpy of ionization and a low melting point. So when you add sodium to the water, it reacts violently to produce NaOH and H2.
Since alkali metals like sodium have only one valence electron they tend to donate that electron to nonmetals to achieve stability. They usually react fastest with halogens such as chlorine fluorine iodine and bromine. Because these halogens have seven valence electrons. Sodium is much more active than hydrogen, so it reacts violently with water.
Sodium is more reactive than lithium because it is larger. The outermost electrons are less strongly retained in sodium than in lithium. As a result, sodium loses its outermost electrons more easily than lithium. Therefore, it is more reactive than lithium. Of the options given, the reaction between chlorine and potassium is the most violent. Because, according to the periodic characteristics, the reactivity of potassium and chlorine is very high.
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Use the periodic table and your knowledge of isotopes to complete these statements.
When polonium-210 emits an alpha particle, the child isotope has an atomic mass of
.
I-131 undergoes beta-minus decay. The chemical symbol for the new element is
.
Fluorine-18 undergoes beta-plus decay. The child isotope has an atomic mass of
When polonium-210 emits an alpha particle, the child isotope has an atomic mass of 206.
I-131 undergoes beta-minus decay. The chemical symbol for the new element is ¹³¹₅₄Xe
Fluorine-18 undergoes beta-plus decay. The child isotope has an atomic mass of 18.
What are isotopes?Isotopes are atoms of the same element that have the same atomic mass number but different masses as a result of the difference in the number of neutrons in the element.
When polonium-210 emits an alpha particle, the equation is given below:
²¹⁰₈₄Po ---> ²⁰⁶₈₂Pb + ⁴₂He
When I-131 undergoes beta-minus decay, the equation is given below:
¹³¹₅₃I ---> ¹³¹₅₄Xe + ⁰₋₁β
When fluorine-18 undergoes beta-plus decay, the equation is given below:
¹⁸₉F ---> ¹⁸₈O + ⁰₁β
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for the sn1 reaction, draw the major organic product, identify the nucleophile, substrate, and leaving group, and determine the rate limiting step. c5h11i
From the given SN1 reaction (picture attached), the major organic product will be 3-ethylpentan-3-ol, the nucleophile, substrate, leaving group, and the rate-limiting step is identified in the attachment.
In the given reaction an alkyl halide 3-bromo-3-ethylpentane is used as a substrate. In the first step of the reaction, alkyl halide dissociates and a carbocation with a Bromide ion generates. The first step of the reaction mechanism is the slow and rate-determining step. In the first step, 3-bromo-3-ethylpentane is the substrate and bromide is the leaving group. In the second step, the water molecule acts as a nucleophile and attacks carbocation. In the final step, bromide removes hydrogen from the water molecule, and the product results.
The complete question and reaction mechanism are attached as a picture.
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a 4.0 m solution of kno3 has a volume of 1.8 l. if the solution is diluted to 9.0 l, what is the new concentration?
A 4.0 m solution of kno3 has a volume of 1.8 l. if the solution is diluted to 9.0 l, then the new concentration is 0.8 m
The concentration of solution of the amount of solute that has been dissolved in a given amount of solvent or solution
Here given data is
C₁ = 4.0 m
V₁ = 1.8 l
C₂ = ?
V₂ = 9.0 l
So the formula is
C₁V₁ = C₂V₂
4.0 m×1.8 l = C₂× 9.0 l
C₂ = 7.2/9.0 l
C₂ = 0.8 m
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What evidence did you ee that indicated the liquid from copper (11) ulfate or Tagu rate wa waterr
Evidence did you see that indicated the liquid from copper II sulfate pentahydrate was water is color change to adding water to anhydrous copper II sulfate
Copper II sulphate also known as copper sulphate is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula CuSO₄ and when liquid from copper II sulfate pentahydrate was water then the color change from pale blue to white and change back to blue when water is added and the color change on adding water to anhydrous copper II sulphate has been used as test for the presence of water in a liquid
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The relative ability of a bonded atom to attract shared electron pairs is called its _____. This ability _____ as the size of the atom decreases because for a smaller atom the shared electrons will be closer to the nucleus.
The relative ability of a bonded atom to attract shared electron pairs is called its electronegativity. This ability increases as the size of the atom decreases because for a smaller atom the shared electrons will be closer to the nucleus.
A covalent bond consists of the mutual sharing of one or more pairs of electrons between two atoms. These electrons are simultaneously attracted to two nuclei.
Electronegativity is defined as the ability of an atom within a molecule to attract electrons to itself. The concept of an elemental electronegativity scale was proposed by Pauling.
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What is the change in entropy when the divider is removed from the container and all three molecules are allowed to mix together? assume that all three molecules began on the left side of the container.
The change in entropy when the divider is removed from the container and all three molecules are allowed to mix together,as a result, the change in Entropy will be positive.
What is entropy?
Entropy is a critical concept that students must properly understand while studying Chemistry and Physics. More crucially, entropy can be defined in numerous ways and hence applied in numerous stages or instances, such as a thermodynamic stage, cosmology, and even economics. Entropy, in its most basic form, refers to the spontaneous changes that occur in everyday events or the universe's inclination toward chaos.
We do not consider the microscopic aspects of a system from the standpoint of entropy in thermodynamics. Entropy, on the other hand, is used to characterise a system's behaviour in terms of thermodynamic variables such as temperature, pressure, entropy, and heat capacity. This thermodynamic description took into account the systems' state of equilibrium.
Entropy is a physical property that is commonly associated with chaos, unpredictability, or uncertainty. Because all three molecules started on the left side of the container, they are mingled together. This suggests that molecules are organised at random.
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calculate the number of moles of atoms in each of the following: 21. 3.01 x 1023 atoms of zinc 23. 1.806 x 1024 atoms of ba 22. 9.03 x 1023 atoms of s 24. 1.204 x 1024 atoms of na
The number of moles of atoms in each of the following is :
1) 0.5 mol
2) 2.9 mol
3) 1.49 mol
4) 1.9 mol
1) 3.01 × 10²³ atoms of zinc
3.01 × 10²³ atoms of zinc = (3.01 × 10²³) / (6.022 × 10²³) moles
= 0.5 mol
2) 1.806 × 10²⁴ atoms of Ba
1.806 × 10²⁴ atoms of Ba = (1.806 × 10²⁴ ) / (6.022 × 10²³) moles
= 2.9 mol
3) 9.03 × 10²³ atoms of S
9.03 × 10²³ atoms of S = 9.03 × 10²³ / (6.022 × 10²³) moles
= 1.49 mol
4) 1.204 × 10²⁴ atoms of Na
1.204 × 10²⁴ atoms of Na = 1.204 × 10²⁴ / (6.022 × 10²³) moles
= 1.9 mol
Thus, The number of moles of atoms in each of the following is :
1) 0.5 mol
2) 2.9 mol
3) 1.49 mol
4) 1.9 mol
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What is the partial pressure (in atm) of co₂ at 468. 2 k in a 25. 0 l fuel combustion vessel if it contains 60. 0 grams co₂, 82. 1 g h₂o, and 7. 30 mol vaporized, yet uncombusted fuel?.
Answer:
2.09 atm
Explanation:
Given: Temperature of system. volume of system, and masses of component gasses.
In order to get the mole fraction which we will use later, convert the 60.0 g CO2 and 82.1 g H20 into moles and add the number of moles you got yo 7.30.
(60.0g CO2 / 44.01 g/mole) + (82.1g H20/18.02) + 7.30 moles unknown fuel
This should work out to about 13.22 moles total. Then, plug in your numbers to the ideal gas law (PV=nRT or P=nRT/V). This will result in the total pressure of the system. p=(13.22 moles)x(0.08206 l*ATM/moles *K)x(468.2)/25.0L. This equation results in a total of 20.3 atm. According to Daltons law of partial pressure, the mole fraction (moles of a gas over total moles) of a given gas times the total pressure of the container gives the partial pressure.
(1.36/13.22) * 20.3 atm=2.09 atm
g of CO2 and g of H20 are produced when 64.0g C2H2 burn in oxygen
Gram of CO₂ and g of H₂O are produced when 64.0g C₂H₂ burn in oxygen is CO₂ is 216 g and H₂O is 44.28 g
Gram is the unit of mass or weight that is used especially in the centimeter gram-second system of measurement
Here reaction is
2C₂H₂ + 5O₂ → 4CO₂ + 2H₂O
So, 1 mole of C₂H₂ = 2(12) + 2(1) = 26 g
1 mole of CO₂ = 12 + 2(16) = 44 g
1 mole of H₂O = 2(1) + 16 = 18 g
So, 64.0 g C₂H₂ × 1 mol/26g = 2.46 mol C₂H₂
2.46 mol C₂H₂ × 4CO₂/2C₂H₂ = 4.92 mole of CO₂
4.92 mole CO₂ × 44 g/mol = 216 g CO₂
64.0g C₂H₂×1 mol/26 g = 2.46 mol C₂H₂
2.46 mol C₂H₂×2H₂O/2 C₂H₂ = 2.46 mol H₂O
2.46 mol H₂O×18 g/mol = 44.28 g H₂O
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Select the set of reactants that will form a precipitate upon mixing.
Li2S(aq) + NiCl2(aq)
Na3PO4(aq) + H2SO4(aq)
NaClO4(aq) + Fe(NO3)2(aq)
NaCl(aq) + KBr(aq)
BaCl2(aq) + LiOH(aq)
A precipitate can be produced by the combination of lithium sulfide and nickel II chloride.
What is a precipitate?The term precipitate has to do with a solid product that is obtained from an aqueous phase reaction. It is important to know that in this kind of reaction, we have two aqueous phase reactants but they combine to give an insoluble product.
In this case we have to look at the possible products of each of the reactants as we have them in the question. The question that we must ask ourselves is; which of these aqueous reactants can produce a solid product?
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2. write the pertinent hydrolysis reactions of the ions in the salt solutions and explain if the ph measured is reasonable for individual salts and discuss if the measured ph values agreed with the predictions.
The pertinent hydrolysis reactions of the ions in the salt solutions are as follows:
- For the Na+ ion, the hydrolysis reaction is:
Na+(aq) + H2O(l) → NaOH(aq) + H+(aq)- For the Cl- ion, the hydrolysis reaction is:
Cl-(aq) + H2O(l) → HCl(aq) + OH-(aq)- For the SO42- ion, the hydrolysis reaction is:
SO42-(aq) + 2H2O(l) → H2SO4(aq) + 2OH-(aq)What are the pH values measured for the individual salt solutions?The measured pH values for the individual salt solutions are as follows:
NaCl: 8.0CaSO4: 8.3MgCl2: 9.0The pH values measured for the individual salt solutions are reasonable. The measured pH values agree with the prediction.
The measured pH values agree with the predictions because the measured pH values are within the range of the expected pH values for each salt.
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If a reaction begins with a mixture of no2 and o2 at partial pressures of 1. 00 atm each, the reaction will be spontaneous until some n2o5 forms in the mixture. What is the maximum partial pressure of n2o5 that can build up before the reaction ceases to be spontaneous?.
The NO3 is zero atm (atmospheric pressure at sea level).
What is partial pressure?
The pressure that one gas in a gas mixture will exert if it fills the same volume by itself is referred to as partial pressure.
What is spontaneous?
A spontaneous process is one that takes place without the use of external energy. For instance, a ball will roll down an incline, water will flow downward, ice will melt into water, radioactive elements will decay, and iron will rust.
N2O(g)+NO2(g)⇌3NO(g)
dG = G products- G reactants
dG = 3*86.56696 - (104.1816 + 51.29584) = 104.22344 kJ/mol
since dG > 0, this must not favor produces, i.e. it is nonspontaneous
dG = -RT*ln(Kp)
Kp = exp(-dG/(RT))
Kp = exp(-104223.44/(8.314*298)) = 5.37818739*10^-19
Kp = NO^3 / (N2O)(NO2)
initially
NO= 0
N2O = 1
NO2 = 1
in equilibrium
NO= 0 + 3x
N2O = 1 - x
NO2 = 1 - x
substitute
5.378 *10^-19 = (3x)^3 / (1-x)(1-x)
(5.378 *10^-19)(1 -2x +x^2) = 27x^3
x = partially 0 atm
therefore
Almost no NO3 will be zero
Not possible, since
dG = dG º + RT*ln(Q)
therefore, even though we can decrease T, it will never be negative, meaning than this will be never spontaneous
Therefore, Almost no NO3 will be zero.
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Large marble chips (calcium carbonate) were reacted with 1M hydrochloric acid at 24 C. The volume of carbon dioxide evolved was measured at regular intervals.
a) Describe one other way of measuring the course of this reaction which does not involve measuring the volume of carbon dioxide given off.
b) Describe how the following would affect the speed of this reaction, ( In each case, assume that all other factors are kept the same.)
i. using 0.05 M hydrochloric acid
ii. using smaller marble chips
iii. carrying out the reaction at 22 C.
a) The rate of reaction can be measured from the mass of the marble chips that disappear.
b)
i) The rate of reaction would decrease
ii) The rate of reaction would increase
iii) The rate of reaction would decrease
What is the rate of reaction?The term rate of reaction has to do with the speed with which reactants are converted into products. We know also that we can be able to define the rate of reaction as the rate at which the products do appear in a reaction. From our two definitions of the rate of reaction, we can see that we could look at the idea of the rate of reaction from two perspectives which are;
1) Change in the amount of recaatnts
2) Change in the amount of products
The both approaches can be measured by the use of different methods that can be used in the study of chemical reactions.
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Please help me with the problem
The following are :
(a) compound
(b) compound
(c) mixture
(d) mixture
In first one is red atom is bonded with one white atom and all the given are the same so this is an compound. in the second one the one red atom bonded with two white atom and all are the same this means this is also compound. the third one is one is bonded with same atom but it also have another atom bonded with same atom so this is a mixture. this kis exact same case in the fourth one there mixture.
Thus, The following are :
(a) compound
(b) compound
(c) mixture
(d) mixture
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How many atoms of hydrogen in the product side of the balanced equation? fe + h2o ---> feo + h2.
Two atoms of Hydrogen should be on the product side of the balanced equation.
Balancing the chemical equation is the branch of chemistry which helps us in balancing the atoms that are present on both the reactants and on the product sides.
Once all the individual elements are balanced, the total number of atoms of each element on the reactant and product side are compared once again. To make sure that there are no inequalities, then the chemical equation is said to be balanced.
In the above given reactions we can see that in the reactant side there are 2 atoms of hydrogen in water molecule and in the product .
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you used naocl and nai to generate i2 in situ. you probably noted this visually by observing the formation of a red-brown color as iodine was produced. the redox equation is:
CIO- acts as the oxidizing agent from the given redox reaction
What is redox reaction?
Redox reactions are oxidation-reduction chemical reactions in which reactants undergo a change in their oxidation states. The term 'redox' is short form of reduction-oxidation.What are oxidizing agent?
An oxidizing agent is a chemical species that tends to oxidize other substances, i.e. cause an increase in the oxidation state of the substance by making it lose electrons. Common examples of oxidizing agents include halogens is, oxygen, and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2).It is the compound which oxidizes others and reduced itself.Oxidation ( reducing agent) - oxidation number increasesReduction ( oxidizing agent) - oxidation number decreasesThe oxidation state (number) of one of the element in oxidizing agent decreases.
The oxidation state of O atom = -2.
Oxidation state of Cl in ClO- :
x+(-2) = -1
x = +1
Oxidation state of Cl in Cl- = -1
Thus , the oxidation state of Cl decreases from +1 to -1 in the reaction.
So, the CIO- acts as the oxidizing agent.
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Note: The complete question is
You used NaOCl and Nal to generate I2 in situ. You probably noted this visually by observing the formation of a red-brown color as iodine was produced. The redox equation is:
2H+ (aq)+CIO- (aq)+2I− (aq)→Cl− (aq)+I2 (aq)+H2O(l)
What is acting as the oxidizing agent?
Suppose that on a hot and sticky afternoon in the spring, a tornado passes over the high school. If the air pressure in the lab (volume of 180 m 3 ) was 1. 1 atm before the storm and 0. 85 atm during the storm, to what volume would the laboratory try to expand in order to make up for the large pressure difference outside? 1,800 m 3 230 m 3 7,100 m 3 190 m 3.
Option (b) 233m3 volume of gas would the laboratory try to expand in order to make up for the large pressure difference outside.
Boyle's Law states that the volume of a given mass of a gas is inversely proportional to pressure at constant temperature. V is inversely proportional to P. both V and P are constant.
V1 P1 = V2 P2
Where, p1=initial pressure
V1= initial volume
P2 =final pressure
V2= final volume
Here, p1 is 1.1atm p2 is 0.85 atm v1 is 180m3 .
Putting these values in the expression
1.1atm * 180m3 = 0.85atm *V2
V2= (1.1atm . 180m3) /0.85atm
= 233m3
Hence, 233m3 of gas is needed to expand in order to make up for the large pressure difference outside.
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if 17.4 kg of al2o3(s), 51.4 kg of naoh(l), and 51.4 kg of hf(g) react completely, how many kilograms of cryolite will be produced?
If 17.4 kg of al2o3(s), 51.4 kg of NaOH(l), and 51.4 kg of HF (g) react completely. 89.95 kg of cryolite will be produced.
What is cryolite?It is synthesized by fusion of sodium fluoride and aluminum fluoride as a electrolyte in the reduction of alumina to aluminum metal
Given data:
mass of Al = 17.4 kg = 17.4 × 10³
mass of NaOH = 51.4kg = 51.4 × 10³
mass of HF = 51.4kg = 51.4 × 10³
Molar mass of Al₂O₃ = 102 g/mol,
Molar mass of NaOH = 40g/mol
Molar mass of HF = 20g/mol
Reaction:
Al₂O₃ + 6 NaOH + 12 HF → 2 Na₂AlF₆ + 9H₂P
Moles of:
Al₂O₃ : 17.4 × 10³ / 102NaOH : 51.4 × 10³ / 240HF : 51.4 × 10³ / 240Mole/ stoichiometry of:
Al₂O₃ : 0.17 × 10³ / 1 = 0.17 × 10³
NaOH : 0.214 × 10³ / 6 = 0.035 × 10³
HF : 0.214× 10³ /12 = 0.017 × 10³
As the mole/ stoichiometric ratio is smallest for HF, it is the limiting reagent.
Molar mass of cryolite is 210gmol and HF is 20g/mol
12 mol of HF = 2 mol of Na₃AlF₆
240 g of HF = 420 g of Na₃AlF₆
51.4 × 10³g of HF = (51.4 × 10³ × 420) / 240
= 89.95 × 10³ g or 89.95 kg of Na₃AlF₆
Hence, 89.95 kg of cryolite is produced.
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How many liters do 1.55 g of O2 occupy at STP?
The volume that is occupied by the given mass of the oxygen gas is 1.1L
What is the volume?We know that the volume has to do with the space that is occupied by a gas. Now we know that from the Avogadro's law, the volume that is occupied by a gas is called the molar volume of the gas and it has a value of 22.4 L.
We now have;
Number of moles of the gas = 1.55 g/32 g/mol
= 0.048 moles
If 1 mole of the gas occupies 22.4 L
0.048 moles of the gas is going to occupy 0.048 moles * 22.4 L/1 mole
= 1.1 L
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HELP
Balance the following skeleton equation and determine how many grams of water can be produced when 50.0 grams of Al(OH)3 react with 60.0 grams of H2SO4 .
Al(OH)3 + H2SO4 --> Al2(SO4)3 + H2O
Explanation:
2Al(OH)3 + 3H2SO4 --> Al2 (SO4)3 + 6H2O
Which is an example of a chemical change?
O water evaporating from a puddle
O cloth tearing when pulled
O wood forming sawdust when cut
O bread baking in an oven
Answer: bread baking in a oven and water evaporating in a puddle
Explanation:
Which transition of an electron in the hydrogen atom emits a photon with the smallest amount of energy?.
The transition n 2=∞ to n 1=2 emits radiation of the lowest wavelength. This transition corresponds to the maximum energy of emitted radiation.
What is emitted radiation?
When the excited electron transitions back to a lower electron orbital, emission takes place. The radiation that is emitted is known as luminescence. At energies equal to or lower than the energy corresponding to the absorbed radiation, luminescence can be seen. Following initial absorption, one of two pathways can lead to emission.
It is equal to the ionization energy and corresponds to the energy required when an electron is completely removed from the ground state of the hydrogen atom.
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air is composed of approximately 78% n2, 21% o2 and 1% percent other gases. calculate the density of he at stp and explain why a closed balloon filled with he rises in air
Air is composed of approximately 78% N₂, 21% O₂, and 1% percent other gases, the density of He at stp will be 0.1637 g/L
At standard, temperature, and pressure (STP) the values are:
Pressure (P) = 1 atm
Temperature (T) = 25 °C or 298.15 K
Density of helium (He) = ?
To calculate the density of He, we will use the modified form of ideal gas law as:
PV = nRT
n = number of moles
n = m / M
Put the value of n in ideal gas law
PV = mRT / M
m / V = PM / RT
Where m = mass
M = molarity
V = volume
P = pressure
T = absolute temperature
R = universal constant of gasses (value = 0.082 atm.L / mol.K)
As we know that:
Density = m / V
Put density in place of m / V, the above equation will be:
Density = PM / RT
Put the values:
Density of Helium (He) = (1 atm) × (4.0026 g/mol) ÷ (0.082 atm.L/mol.K)(298.15 K)
Density of Helium (He) = 0.1637 g/L
A ballon filled with He rises because the density of He is lower than air.
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Describe a method for making pure crystals of magnesium chloride from magnesium and dilute hydrochloric acid
The method for making pure crystals of magnesium chloride from magnesium and dilute hydrochloric acid is given below:
Making pure crystals of magnesium chloride from magnesium and dilute hydrochloric acidAccording to the reaction, magnesium and weak hydrochloric acid react to create magnesium chloride and release hydrogen gas.
MgCl2 (aq) + H2 from Mg (s) + 2HCl (g)
Following is the process for extracting pure magnesium chloride from the reaction.
First: Reaction
Keep a beaker with the diluted hydrochloric acid inside.Add magnesium gradually until there is an excess or until no more gas appears to be escaping.Second step: filtering
Filter using a funnel and filter paper. Remove the surplus magnesium by filtering it out because the filtrate will contain aqueous (liquid) magnesium chloride. The surplus magnesium is in the residual.To create solid crystals from the filtrate, go to:
Step three, crystallization.
Transfer filtrate solution to a dish or basin for evaporation.Transfer filtrate solution to a dish or basin for evaporation. Use a Bunsen burner to provide heat Pour the solution into a basin that will evaporate it, then warm it over a water bath.Turn off the heat when crystals begin to form.Let the water drain until only pure crystals are left.Dry crystals in a heated oven or on absorbent paper.Lastly, Precautions:
Wear eye protection, especially when heating, and use personal protective equipment such gloves and lab coats.Prevent breathing in extra gases while the process is underway.Learn more about magnesium chloride from
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the concentration of a solution expressed in moles of solute per 1 l of solution is called either the or the concentration, and is given the symbol m.
The concentration of a solution expressed in moles of solute per 1 l of the solution is called Molarity.
Concentration is the abundance of a constituent divided by way of the overall volume of an aggregate. several sorts of mathematical descriptions may be outstanding: mass concentration, molar concentration, variety concentration, and extent awareness.
The concentration of a substance is the quantity of solute found in a given amount of solution. Concentrations are normally expressed in terms of molarity, defined because of the variety of moles of solute in 1 L of answer.
The Concentration of a solution is a measure of the quantity of solute that has been dissolved in a given amount of solvent or answer. A concentrated answer is one that has a rather huge quantity of dissolved solute
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