The given redox reaction can be represented in the following way: MnO₂ → MnO⁴⁻ + Ag → Ag+
To balance the redox reaction, the following steps are to be followed:
1: First, balance the net ionic equation with the help of half-reactions:
MnO2 → MnO⁴⁻+ e- [Oxidation Half-Reaction]
Ag+ + e- → Ag [Reduction Half-Reaction]
2: Determine the number of electrons that are required to balance the half-reactions. The oxidation half-reaction requires five electrons.
MnO₂ → MnO⁴⁻+ 5e-
The reduction half-reaction requires one electron.
Ag+ + e- → Ag
3: Find the least common multiple of the electrons required in the half-reactions, and use it to balance the equation. The least common multiple of 5 and 1 is 5. To balance the equation, multiply the oxidation half-reaction by 1 and the reduction half-reaction by 5. This will give us the following balanced equation:
5MnO₂ + 16H₂O + Ag → 5MnO⁴⁻ + 8OH- + 4Ag+
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Write and balance the equation for the reduction of iodate by hydrogen sulfite ions to give iodide and sulfate in basic aqueous solution. Do not include phases. Plus signs (+) can be typed from the keyboard. Reaction arrows can be found in the Tools menu of the answer module. Use the left and right arrow keys to move the cursor out of a superscript or subscript in the module.
The reduction of iodate by hydrogen sulfite ions to give iodide and sulfate in basic aqueous solution is represented by the following equation:
IO3– + 3HSO3– + H2O → 3SO4^2– + I– + 2H+ + 2H2O
The balanced equation is:
2 IO3– + 6 HSO3– + 6 OH– → 6 SO4^2– + 2 I– + 9 H2O
To balance the given redox reaction, we follow these steps: Write the unbalanced chemical equation for the given reaction. Split the reaction into two half-reactions: oxidation and reduction.Balance the atoms that are not hydrogen or oxygen in each half-reaction. This is done by adding the appropriate coefficient to each species.Write balanced equations for each half-reaction.Combine the half-reactions to get a balanced overall equation.In the given reaction, iodate (IO3–) is reduced to iodide (I–) by hydrogen sulfite ions (HSO3–) to give sulfate (SO4^2–) in basic aqueous solution. The unbalanced chemical equation is:
IO3– + HSO3– → I– + SO4^2–
Step 2: We split the reaction into two half-reactions:'
Oxidation half-reaction: IO3– → I–
Reduction half-reaction: HSO3– → SO4^2–
Step 3: We balance the atoms that are not hydrogen or oxygen in each half-reaction. We see that the oxidation half-reaction is already balanced and we balance the reduction half-reaction as follows:
HSO3– → SO4^2– + 2 H+ + 2 e–
Step 4: We write balanced equations for each half-reaction.
IO3– + 6 H+ + 5 e– → I– + 3 H2O
HSO3– → SO4^2– + 2 H+ + 2 e–
Step 5: We combine the half-reactions to get a balanced overall equation.
IO3– + 6 HSO3– + 6 OH– → 6 SO4^2– + 2 I– + 9 H2O
Thus, the balanced equation is:
2 IO3– + 6 HSO3– + 6 OH– → 6 SO4^2– + 2 I– + 9 H2O
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3. Which of the rocks from the table would be classified as metamorphic rocks?
A.
Gneiss and slate, only
B.
Granite, only
C.
Limestone and basalt, only
D.
Coal, only
which one is correct for #4 ??
Answer:
The answer of this question is A
Answer: B is the right
Explanation:
Conisder the reactions and their equilibrium constants.
A+2B<--->2C K1=2.45
2C<--->D. K2=0.124
Calculate the value of the equilibrium constant for the reaction D−⇀A+2B. D ↽− ⇀ A + 2 B .
The equilibrium constant for the reaction D ⇌ A + 2B is approximately 0.3038.
What is the equilibrium constant for the reaction?The equilibrium constant, K, for the reaction D ⇌ A + 2B is calculated from the equilibrium constants of the individual reactions and from the principle of multiplying and dividing equilibrium constants.
Given the reactions and their equilibrium constants:
A + 2B ⇌ 2C with K1 = 2.45
2C ⇌ D with K2 = 0.124
To obtain the equilibrium constant for the desired reaction, we can multiply the equilibrium constants of the individual reactions:
K = K1 * K2
K = 2.45 * 0.124
K = 0.3038
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The normal boiling point of Br2(l) is 58.8 ∘C, and its molar enthalpy of vaporization is ΔHvap = 29.6 kJ/mol.
You may want to reference(Pages 813 - 815) Section 19.2 while completing this problem.
When Br2(l) boils at its normal boiling point, does its entropy increase or decrease?
When boils at its normal boiling point, does its entropy increase or decrease?
When Br2(l) boils at its normal boiling point, its entropy increases. Entropy is a measure of the disorder or randomness in a system, and boiling represents a transition from a more ordered liquid phase to a more disordered gaseous phase.
During boiling, the intermolecular forces holding the liquid Br2 molecules together are overcome, and the molecules gain enough energy to escape into the gas phase. In the gaseous phase, the molecules have greater freedom of movement and occupy a larger volume compared to the liquid phase. This increase in molecular motion and expansion of volume contributes to an increase in the disorder or randomness of the system, leading to an increase in entropy. The concept of entropy can also be understood from a statistical perspective. In the liquid phase, the molecules are more closely packed and have limited freedom of movement. However, in the gaseous phase, the molecules are dispersed and have a larger number of possible positions and velocities. This increased number of microstates in the gaseous phase corresponds to a higher probability distribution, which is a characteristic of higher entropy.
Therefore, when Br2(l) boils at its normal boiling point, its entropy increases as the system transitions from a more ordered liquid phase to a more disordered gaseous phase.
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Which of the following is NOT a reason for the experimental volume of the flask to be incorrect?
The constant temperature water bath decreases the volume occupied by the gas.
The volume labeled on the flask is not an accurate measure of the total volume of the flask.
The HCl solution added to the flask decreases the volume occupied by gas.
The rubber stopper used to seal the flask decreases the volume occupied by the gas.
Answer:
2
Explanation:
i dont andesdant
The experimental volume of the flask is found to be incorrect as the volume labeled on the flask is not an accurate measure of the total volume of the flask as it will result in errors.
What are errors?
Errors in chemical analysis result when there is a difference between observed value and the true value.If the magnitude of errors is large , it results in decrease in accuracy, reproducibility, and precision.
There are three types of errors:1) random error 2) systematic error 3) human error.The cause of random errors are difficult to quantify while the human errors can be minimized by taking a range of readings to reduce the error.
Errors while measuring boiling point may be human errors while noting down the boiling temperature or instrumental or systematic error if there is a fault in the thermometer.
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When dissolving a gas, an increase in pressure will result in a(n) ______________ in solubility.
What is the pH of a 1.0 x 10-2 M HNO3 solution?
How many grams of water react to form 4.50 moles of Mg(OH)2?
MgO(s) + H20(1)
Mg(OH)2(s)
Answer: mass of water is 81.1 g
Explanation: from reaction eguation you see there are equal amounts of water and Mg(OH)2. Then amount of water is 4.50 mol. Molar mass of water is 18.016 g/mol.
Mass m= n·M= 4.50 mol· 18.016 g/mol = 81.1 g
The number of grams of water reacting to form a mass of water is 81.1 g.
What is mass?Mass is the quantity of matter in a physical body.
The given reaction is
MgO(s) + H₂O(1) → Mg(OH)₂(s)
The number of moles is equal in both sides
The moles of water is 4.50
The molar mass of water is 18.016 g/mol
mass × molar mass
4.50 × 18.016 = 81.1 g.
Thus, the number of grams of water reacting to make a mass of water is 81.1 g.
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How many mL of a 6.0 M solution of HNO3 would be needed to prepare 300.0 mL of a 0.60 M solution of HNO3?
Answer:
500mL.
Explanation:
someone help me answer this !
How does human consumption of limited resources (energy), impact the biosphere?
Human use of land has negative impacts. Human activities contribute to the erosion and pollution of beaches. Deforestation of land can also lead to desertification and a loss of biodiversity.
Select the correct answer.
Identify Bohr's model of the atom. His model describes the reactivity of an element based on its number of valence electrons.
A proposed mechanism for the decomposition of ozone in the stratosphere is Step 1: CI (g) + O3 (g) ~ CIO (g) + 02 (g) Step 2: CIO (g) O3 (g) CI (g) _ 2 02 (g) What is the molecularity of Step 1? a.unimolecular b.termolecular c.More information is needed to answer this question d.bimolecular
e. zeromolecular
The molecularity of Step 1: CI(g) + O3(g) ⟶ CIO(g) + O2(g) is bimolecular.What is molecularity?Molecularity refers to the number of reactant particles that are involved in a step in a chemical reaction.
The total number of molecules reacting in an elementary reaction is called its molecularity. For instance, if two atoms combine to create a molecule, the reaction is known as a bimolecular reaction.The proposed mechanism for the decomposition of ozone in the stratosphere is Step 1: CI (g) + O3 (g) ⟶ CIO (g) + O2 (g) Step 2: CIO (g) + O3 (g) ⟶ CI (g) + 2O2 (g)Let's calculate the molecularity of Step 1:We can see that one Cl atom and one O3 molecule combine to produce one CIO molecule and one O2 molecule. The rate law is thus dependent on the concentration of both reactants. Therefore, the molecularity of Step 1 is bimolecular.
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Solids tend to be dense and difficult to __1__. They do not flow or take the shape of their containers, like liquids do, because the particles in solids vibrate around __2__ points. When a solid is heated until its particles vibrate so rapidly that they are no longer held in fixed positions, the solid __3__. The __4__ is the temperature at which a solid changes to a liquid. The melting and __5__ of a substance are at the same temperature. In general, ionic solids tend to have relatively __6__ melting points, while molecular solids tend to have relatively low melting points. Most solids are __7__. The particles are arranged in a pattern known as a crystal __8__. The smallest subunit of a crystal lattice is the __9__. Some solids lack an ordered internal structure and are called __10__ solids.
Answer:
1. Compress.
2. Fixed.
3. Melts.
4. Melting point.
5. Freezing point.
6. High.
7. Crystalline.
8. Lattice.
9. Unit cell.
10. Amorphous.
Explanation:
In science, matter can be defined as anything that has mass and occupies space. Any physical object that is found on earth is typically composed of matter. Matter are known to be made up of atoms and as a result has the property of existing in states.
Generally, matter exists in three (3) distinct or classical phases and these are;
1. Gas: it is the state of matter in which the physical substance has no definite shape or volume and as a result fills all available space. Also, gases are easily compressible and can flow. Examples of gases are hydrogen, oxygen, argon, nitrogen etc.
2. Liquid: it is the state of matter in which the physical substance can be poured and it takes the shape of its container. Also, liquids generally have a definite volume. Examples of liquids are urine, water, milk, blood etc.
3. Solid: it is the state of matter in which the physical substance has a definite shape and fixed volume but not compressible. Examples of solids are pen, screwdriver, television, car etc.
Filling the missing words (texts) of the question, we have;
Solids tend to be dense and difficult to compress. They do not flow or take the shape of their containers, like liquids do, because the particles in solids vibrate around fixed points. When a solid is heated until its particles vibrate so rapidly that they are no longer held in fixed positions, the solid melts. The melting point is the temperature at which a solid changes to a liquid. The melting and freezing point of a substance are at the same temperature. In general, ionic solids tend to have relatively high melting points, while molecular solids tend to have relatively low melting points. Most solids are crystalline. The particles are arranged in a pattern known as a crystal lattice. The smallest subunit of a crystal lattice is the unit cell. Some solids lack an ordered internal structure and are called amorphous solids.
Calculate the pH for each of the following cases in the titration of 50.0 mL of 0.230 M HClO(aq) with 0.230 M KOH(aq). The ionization constant for HClO can be found here. (a) before addition of any KOH (b) after addition of 25.0 mL of KOH (c) after addition of 35.0 mL of KOH (d) after addition of 50.0 mL of KOH (e) after addition of 60.0 mL of KOH
By performing the necessary calculations for each case, we can determine the pH values for (a), (b), (c), (d), and (e) in the titration of HClO with KOH.
(a) Before the addition of any KOH, the solution contains only HClO. To calculate the pH, we need to consider the ionization of HClO. HClO is a weak acid, and its ionization can be determined using its ionization constant. By using the ionization constant and the initial concentration of HClO, we can calculate the concentration of H+ ions and convert it to pH.
(b) After adding 25.0 mL of KOH, a neutralization reaction occurs between HClO and KOH. The moles of HClO and KOH are now equal, and the solution contains the resulting salt. We can determine the concentration of OH- ions based on the amount of KOH added and calculate the pOH. From pOH, we can obtain the pH by subtracting it from 14.
(c) After adding 35.0 mL of KOH, the solution is still in excess of HClO. We need to determine the remaining moles of HClO and the resulting concentration of H+ ions to calculate the pH.
(d) After adding 50.0 mL of KOH, the moles of HClO and KOH become equal. The solution contains only the salt resulting from the neutralization reaction. We can calculate the concentration of OH- ions and convert it to pOH and then pH.
(e) After adding 60.0 mL of KOH, the solution is in excess of KOH. We need to determine the excess moles of KOH and calculate the concentration of OH- ions to obtain the pOH and pH.
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balance the following equation in acidic solution:mno4-(aq) as4o6(s) → mn2 (aq) aso43-(g)what is the coefficient of water?
The balanced chemical equation is given as
MnO₄⁻(aq) + As₄O₆(s) + 7H₂O(l) → Mn²⁺(aq) + AsO₄³⁻(g) + 14H⁺(aq) + 5e⁻
The coefficient of water (H₂O) is 7.
To balance the equation in acidic solution:
MnO₄⁻(aq) + As₄O₆(s) → Mn²⁺(aq) + AsO₄³⁻(g)
We can balance the atoms one by one:
Balance the atoms other than oxygen and hydrogen:
MnO₄⁻(aq) + As₄O₆(s) → Mn²⁺(aq) + AsO₄³⁻(g)
Balance oxygen atoms by adding H₂O:
MnO₄⁻(aq) + As₄O₆(s) + 7H₂O(l) → Mn²⁺(aq) + AsO₄³⁻(g)
Balance hydrogen atoms by adding H⁺ ions:
MnO₄⁻(aq) + As₄O₆(s) + 7H₂O(l) → Mn²⁺(aq) + AsO₄³⁻(g) + 14H⁺(aq)
Balance the charge by adding electrons (e⁻):
MnO₄⁻(aq) + As₄O₆(s) + 7H₂O(l) → Mn²⁺(aq) + AsO₄³⁻(g) + 14H⁺(aq) + 5e⁻
Now the equation is balanced. The coefficient of water (H₂O) is 7.
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reaction of heating potassium permanganate produces potassium manganate
The statement "Reaction of heating potassium permanganate produces potassium manganate" is false.
The reaction of heating potassium permanganate (KMnO₄) does not produce potassium manganate (K₂MnO₄). Instead, it undergoes a thermal decomposition reaction, resulting in the formation of different products.
When heated, potassium permanganate decomposes into potassium manganate (K₂MnO₄), manganese dioxide (MnO₂), and oxygen gas (O₂).
The reaction can be represented as follows:
2 KMnO₄(s) → K₂MnO₄(s) + MnO₂(s) + O₂(g)
Therefore, heating potassium permanganate leads to the formation of potassium manganate, along with manganese dioxide and oxygen gas. The color change from purple to green observed during the reaction is due to the formation of potassium manganate.
However, it is important to note that potassium manganate is not the sole product of the reaction but one of the products alongside manganese dioxide and oxygen gas.
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Complete question :
Reaction of heating potassium permanganate produces potassium manganate. T/F
Magnesium oxide (mgo) has the rock salt crystal structure and a density of 3.58 g/cm3. the atomic weights of magnesium and oxygen are 24.31 g/mol and 16.00 g/mol, respectively. (a) determine the unit cell edge length.
Answer:
(a) The unit cell edge length 0.421 nm
Explanation:
Lets calculate -:
Given -
density = [tex]3.58g/cm^3[/tex]
Molecular weight of MgO = 24.31 +16
[tex]40.13 g/mole[/tex]
Avagadro number = [tex]6.022\times10^2^3[/tex]
In rock salt structure , there are four anions and four cations , hence Z=4 (Number of formula per unit cell)
Now, using the formula -
[tex]d=\frac{ZM}{N_Aa^3}[/tex]
[tex]a=[\frac{ZM}{N_Ad}]]^\frac{1}{3}[/tex]
Now, putting the given values
[tex]a=\frac{4\times40.13g/mole}{6.022\times10^2^3\times(3.58g/cm^3)}[/tex]
[tex]4.21\times10^-^8 cm[/tex]
= 0.421 nm
Hence , the unit cell edge length = 0.421 nm
The unit cell edge length of magnesium oxide (MgO) is equal to 0.421 nanometer.
Given the following data:
Density = 3.58 [tex]g/cm^3[/tex]Atomic weight of magnesium = 24.31 g/mol.Atomic weight of oxygen = 16.00 g/mol.Scientific data:
Avogadro's number = [tex]6.02 \times 10^{23}[/tex]Z for FCC = 4Molar mass of magnesium oxide (MgO) = [tex]24.31 + 16 = 40.31 \;g/mol.[/tex]To determine the unit cell edge length:
Mathematically, the unit cell edge length for a face-centered cubic (FCC) structure is given by the formula:
[tex]a=\sqrt[3]{\frac{ZM}{\rho N_A} }[/tex]
Where:
Z is the number of atoms per unit cell.[tex]\rho[/tex] is the density.M is the molar mass.[tex]N_A[/tex] is the Avogadro constant.Substituting the given parameters into the formula, we have;
[tex]a=\sqrt[3]{\frac{4 \; \times \;40.31}{3.58\; \times \;6.02 \times 10^{23}} }\\\\a=\sqrt[3]{\frac{161.24}{2.16 \times 10^{24}}}\\\\a=\sqrt[3]{7.47 \times 10^{-23}} \\\\a=4.21 \times 10^{-8}\;meter[/tex]
Note: [tex]1 \;nanometer = 1 \times 10^{-9} \;meter[/tex]
a = 0.421 nanometer.
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PLS HELP MARKING BRAINLIEST! (Dont answer if u dont know and please don't answer random things-)
What happens when Mentos and Diet Coke are mixed?
What causes Mentos and Diet Coke to react that way?
Is the reaction Chemical or Physical?
How could we prove one way or the other?
When mentos and diet coke are mixed, the diet soda explodes
Explanation:
Due to the fact that the mentos are dense, they sink to the bottom of the bottle which gives the diet coke its explosion.
Answers & Explanations:
What happens when Mentos and Diet Coke are mixed?
Mentos sinks rapidly through the liquid, causing a fast, large eruption.
What causes Mentos and Diet Coke to react that way?
The addition of the Mentos leads to the rapid nucleation of carbon dioxide gas bubbles in the Diet Coke, causing them to precipitate out of the solution.
Is the reaction Chemical or Physical?
The eruption is caused by a physical reaction.
How could we prove one way or the other?
We can prove it by using the equation:
[tex]CO_{2} (aq) = Co_{2}(g)[/tex]
A chemical reaction occurs according to the reaction mechanism shown below. Sort the chemical species involved into the appropriate categories.
H2O2(aq) + I-(aq) -> IO-(aq)+H2O(l)
H2O2(aq) + IO-(aq) -> I-(aq) +H2O(l) + O2(g)
what are the....
reactant :
product:
intermediate:
catalyst:
Reactants in the reaction are [tex]H_2O_2[/tex](aq),[tex]I^-[/tex](aq); Products are[tex]IO^-[/tex](aq), [tex]H_2O[/tex](l), [tex]O_2[/tex](g); Intermediate are [tex]IO^-[/tex]aq); and catalysts are None.
The first step of the mechanism is the rate-determining step. In this step, a hydrogen atom from hydrogen peroxide is transferred to an iodine ion, forming an intermediate called iodosyl ion. The iodosyl ion is then unstable and decomposes to form oxygen gas and another iodine ion.
The overall reaction is:
[tex]H_2O_2(aq) + I^-(aq) - > IO^-(aq) + H_2O(l) + O_2(g)[/tex]
The reactants are hydrogen peroxide and iodine ion. The products are iodosyl ion, water, and oxygen gas. The intermediate is iodosyl ion. There is no catalyst in this mechanism.
The rate-determining step is the slowest step in the mechanism. This is the step that determines the overall rate of the reaction. In this case, the rate-determining step is the step in which the hydrogen atom is transferred from hydrogen peroxide to iodine ion.
The intermediate is a chemical species that is formed in one step of the mechanism and is consumed in another step. In this case, the intermediate is iodosyl ion. It is formed in the first step of the mechanism and is consumed in the second step.
The catalyst is a chemical species that speeds up the rate of a reaction but is not consumed in the reaction. There is no catalyst in this mechanism.
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Why do girls like boys who act rude more than boys that are actually nice!
Answer:
When a guy who shows a girl to much emotion, they get turned off.
Explanation:
sort each characteristic according to whether it describes acid, bases, or both.
Answer:
Acids: react with metals, taste sour
Both: can cause burns, conduct electricity
Basis: react with nonmetals, taste bitter
Explanation:
This is the right answer
Answer:
Acids: react with metals, taste sour
Both: can cause burns, conduct electricity
Basis: react with nonmetals, taste bitter
it's right, I did it.
How can your body be at risk for diseases?
Answer:
I'm not sure if this is true but in science class I learned that stress can cause a risk of diseases
Explanation:
the more months of stress you have, the higher the risk
Heart, veins, arteries, capillaries: Which organ system do these belong to?
O
Digestive
Musculoskeletal
Respiratory
Circulatory
Excretory
Answer:
Circulatory
Explanation:
The circulatory system consists of the heart, lungs, arteries, veins, coronary, and portal vessels.
5. A solution has a pH of 9. The solution is best described as:
Answer: Basic
Explanation:
A solution with a pH of more than 7 is considered basic.
However, in day-to-day experience, the strangeness of Einstein's ideas doesn't help us, and Newton's notions do just fine. In everyday Life, when gravity isn't especially intense, Newton's and Einstein's ways of thinking lead to similar results. The two explanations work like different languages that express the same thing.
—A Black Hole Is NOT a Hole, Carolyn Cinami DeCristofano
Why is it important to learn about Newton's view of gravity? *
It is similar to Einstein's theory.
It is important to know other languages.
It works in most daily situations.
It explains how a black hole works.
Answer:
It works in most daily situations.
Explanation:
:)
Answer:
C. It works in most daily situations.
Explanation:
Edge-nuity 2022
What type of scientists are the team at Stanford who are working to better understand Chinese Purple?A) ChemistsB) Materials C)Scientists D) Physicists
Han purple and Han blue are artificial barium copper silicate pigments that were created in China and utilized in ancient and imperial China beginning in the Western Zhou dynasty. They are also known as Chinese purple and Chinese blue. Chemists understand Chinese purple. The correct option is A.
Chemists create new, previously undiscovered substances as well as those that are naturally existing. Chemists research the characteristics of both organic and inorganic compounds. With the help of this knowledge, scientists can discover strategies to change certain compounds in order to make them more helpful.
Chemists carry out experiments in labs to analyze substances, create new goods, or enhance ones that already exist. They could focus on one or more fields, such as biochemistry, inorganic chemistry, or organic chemistry.
Thus the correct option is A.
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Complete the following statements of Dalton's atomic model: a) Elements are composed of minute, particles called atoms. b) Atoms of the same element are alike in and size. c) Atoms of different elements have different and sizes. d) Chemical are formed by the union of two or more different atoms of different elements. e) Atoms combine to form compounds in simple numerical , such as one to one, one to two, etc. f) Atoms of two may combine in different ratios to form more than one compound.
Answer:
a. Indivisible.
b. Mass.
c. Masses.
d. Compound.
e. Elements.
Explanation:
An atom can be defined as the smallest unit comprising of matter that forms all chemical elements. Thus, atoms are basically the building blocks of matters and as such defines the structure of a chemical element.
Generally, these atoms are typically made up of three distinct particles and these are protons, neutrons and electrons.
Hence, all the physical properties of a mineral result from the mineral's internal arrangement of atoms.
The following are statements postulated by the Dalton's atomic model;
a) Elements are composed of minute, indivisible particles called atoms.
b) Atoms of the same element are alike in mass and size.
c) Atoms of different elements have different masses and sizes.
d) Chemical compound are formed by the union of two or more different atoms of different elements.
e) Atoms combine to form compounds in simple numerical ratios, such as one to one, one to two, etc.
f) Atoms of two elements may combine in different ratios to form more than one compound.
The dibasic compound B (pKb1 = 4.00, pKb2 = 8.00) was titrated with 1.00 M HCl. The initial solution of B was 0.100 M and had a volume of 100.0 mL. Find the pH at the following volumes of acid added and make a graph of pH versus Va; Va=0, 1, 5, 9, 10, 11, 15, 19, 20, and 22mL.
The pH values at various volumes of acid (HCl) added to the dibasic compound B can be determined based on its pKb values. By calculating the concentration of the species present at each volume, the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation can be used to find the corresponding pH values. A graph of pH versus the volume of acid added can be plotted using these calculations.
To find the pH at each volume of acid added, we need to consider the dissociation of the dibasic compound B and the resulting concentrations of its species. The pKb1 and pKb2 values indicate the equilibrium constants for the dissociation reactions. Initially, the volume of acid added is 0 mL, and the concentration of B is 0.100 M. At this point, B is fully ionized, and its concentration is 0 M. Therefore, the pH can be determined by calculating the concentration of OH- ions using the pKb2 value.
As acid (HCl) is added, it reacts with the B species. At each volume, the concentration of B, BH+, and BH2+ can be calculated based on the initial concentration and the volume of acid added. By applying the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation (pH = pKa + log([A-]/[HA])), the pH can be determined using the appropriate pKb value for each species. By repeating these calculations for each volume of acid added (1, 5, 9, 10, 11, 15, 19, 20, and 22 mL), the corresponding pH values can be obtained. These pH values can then be plotted against the volume of acid added to create a graph of pH versus Va.
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