find the magnitude of the earth's centripetal acceleration as it travels around the sun. assume a year of 365 days.

Dan will consciously make the effort to calculate Jose's distance based on the size of the retinal image.

Hence, the correct option is D.

This is not one of the events that occur when Jose is walking toward Dan. The conscious effort to calculate distance based on the size of the retinal image is not necessary for the perception of motion.

The brain automatically processes visual information and makes inferences about movement and distance based on various cues, such as the changing relationship between the moving object and the background. It is a subconscious process that does not require conscious calculation.

Hence, Dan will consciously make the effort to calculate Jose's distance based on the size of the retinal image.

Hence, the correct option is D.

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Compound III would give rise to 4 signals in the proton NMR spectrum and 4 signals in the carbon NMR spectrum.

In proton NMR spectroscopy, signals arise from chemically nonequivalent hydrogen atoms. Each unique hydrogen environment in a molecule will produce a distinct signal. Similarly, in carbon NMR spectroscopy, signals arise from chemically nonequivalent carbon atoms.

Analyzing the structures provided, we can determine the number of distinct hydrogen and carbon environments:

Compound I:

It has two different types of hydrogens, but only one type of carbon. Therefore, it will give rise to 2 signals in the proton NMR spectrum and 1 signal in the carbon NMR spectrum.

Compound II:

It has three different types of hydrogens, but only one type of carbon. Therefore, it will give rise to 3 signals in the proton NMR spectrum and 1 signal in the carbon NMR spectrum.

Compound III:

It has four different types of hydrogens and four different types of carbons. Therefore, it will give rise to 4 signals in both the proton NMR spectrum and the carbon NMR spectrum.

Compound IV:

It has two different types of hydrogens, but only one type of carbon. Therefore, it will give rise to 2 signals in the proton NMR spectrum and 1 signal in the carbon NMR spectrum.

Among the given compounds, only Compound III will give rise to 4 signals in both the proton NMR spectrum and the carbon NMR spectrum. Therefore, the correct answer is C. III.

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The electric field (E) at r=4R is approximately 27.5 N/C.  It is important to note that this calculation assumes a uniformly charged sphere and that the charge distribution is maintained throughout the volume of the sphere.

The electric field due to a uniformly charged sphere at a point outside the sphere can be calculated using the equation:

E = (k * Q * r) / (R^3)

Where:

E is the electric field at a distance r from the center of the sphere,

k is the electrostatic constant (k = 8.99 × 10^9 N m^2/C^2),

Q is the total charge of the sphere,

r is the radial distance from the center of the sphere, and

R is the radius of the sphere.

Given:

E at r=R/4 is 440 N/C.

We need to find E at r=4R.

To find E at r=4R, we can use the concept of electric field being inversely proportional to the cube of the distance.

Using the relationship:

E1 * r1^3 = E2 * r2^3

We can substitute the given values:

(440 N/C) * [(R/4)^3] = E2 * (4R)^3

Simplifying the equation:

(440 N/C) * (R^3 / 64) = E2 * (64R^3)

(R^3) cancels out, and we can solve for E2:

E2 = (440 N/C) * (64 / 64)

E2 = 440 N/C

Therefore, the electric field at r=4R is approximately 27.5 N/C.

The electric field at a radial distance of 4R from the center of a uniformly charged insulating sphere, with a known electric field of 440 N/C at r=R/4, is approximately 27.5 N/C. This relationship is derived from the formula for the electric field due to a uniformly charged sphere, which states that the electric field is inversely proportional to the cube of the distance from the center of the sphere.

By using the given electric field at r=R/4 and applying the relationship, we can find the electric field at r=4R. It is important to note that this calculation assumes a uniformly charged sphere and that the charge distribution is maintained throughout the volume of the sphere.

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Answer:

V= 0.25L

Explanation:

Answer:

6544.07 J

Explanation:

From the question given above, the following data were obtained:

Distance (d) = 15 m

Force (F) = 628 N

Angle (θ) = 46°

Workdone (Wd) =?

The work done can be obtained by using the following formula:

Wd = Fd × Cos θ

Wd = 628 × 15 × Cos 46

Wd = 9420 × 0.6947

Wd = 6544.07 J

Therefore, the workdone is 6544.07 J

After 3.0 seconds, the projectile will have a horizontal displacement of 171 meters and a vertical displacement of 44.1 meters.

When a projectile is fired horizontally, its initial vertical velocity is zero. However, the horizontal velocity remains constant throughout its motion. We can calculate the horizontal and vertical components of displacement after 3.0 seconds using the following equations:

Horizontal component of displacement:

d_horizontal = v_horizontal * t

Vertical component of displacement:

d_vertical = v_vertical * t + (1/2) * g * t^2

Since the projectile is fired horizontally, the horizontal velocity (v_horizontal) remains constant at the initial speed. Thus, the horizontal component of displacement is:

d_horizontal = v_horizontal * t

= (57 m/s) * (3.0 s)

= 171 m

The vertical component of velocity (v_vertical) will increase due to the effect of gravity. Therefore, we need to calculate the vertical component of displacement using the equation:

d_vertical = v_vertical * t + (1/2) * g * t^2

Since the initial vertical velocity is zero, the equation simplifies to:

d_vertical = (1/2) * g * t^2

= (1/2) * (9.8 m/s^2) * (3.0 s)^2

= 44.1 m

Thus, the vertical component of displacement after 3.0 seconds is 44.1 meters.

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If the machine is used for a total of 7 hours per day. Hence, the machine will take approximately 9.15 days to complete the task.

Let's solve the problem step by step: Volume of the cylindrical hole: V = πr²h where, r is the radius of the hole, and h is the depth of the hole.

Diameter = 10 cm ⇒ radius, r = 5 cm = 0.05 m Depth = 1.75 m

∴ Volume of the cylindrical hole dug by the machine in 1 hour =

V = πr²h= π × (0.05 m)² × (1.75 m)= 0.004326 m³

We need to find the time required to dig a hole of total depth 112 m.

Total number of such cylindrical holes dug by the machine:

Total number of holes = 112 / 1.75= 64

∴ Total volume of all the 64 holes = 64 × 0.004326 m³= 0.27744 m³

Total time required to dig this volume of rock:

Let t be the time required. In one day, the machine works for 7 hours.

Thus, Volume of rock dug in 1 day = 7 × 0.004326 m³= 0.030282 m³

∴ Total number of days required to dig the required volume of rock = (0.27744 / 0.030282) days

= 9.1504 days (approx.)

∴ The machine will take approximately 9.15 days to complete the task.

Answer:  In one hour, the machine can dig a hole with diameter 10 cm through a 1.75 m depth of consistently hard rock.

The volume of the cylindrical hole dug by the machine in 1 hour is

V = πr²h

where r is the radius of the hole, and h is the depth of the hole. The diameter of the hole is 10 cm, and therefore, the radius is 5 cm or 0.05 m. The depth of the hole is 1.75 m.

Hence, the volume of the cylindrical hole dug by the machine in 1 hour is 0.004326 m³.

We need to find the time required to dig a hole of total depth 112 m.

The total number of such cylindrical holes dug by the machine is 112 / 1.75 or 64.

The total volume of all the 64 holes is

64 × 0.004326 m³ = 0.27744 m³.

Let t be the time required. In one day, the machine works for 7 hours.

Thus, the volume of rock dug in 1 day is

7 × 0.004326 m³ = 0.030282 m³.

Therefore, the total number of days required to dig the required volume of rock is

0.27744 / 0.030282 days or approximately 9.15 days.

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The electric field strength is approximately -3.34 × 10^29 newtons per coulomb (N/C).

To determine the electric field strength, we can use the following equation that relates the change in speed of a charged particle to the electric field strength:

Δv = a * Δt

Where:

Δv is the change in velocity (speed) of the electron

a is the acceleration of the electron

Δt is the time taken

Given:

Initial velocity (v1) = 2.0 × 10^7 m/s

Final velocity (v2) = 4.0 × 10^7 m/s

Distance (d) = 1.4 cm = 0.014 m

The change in velocity can be calculated as:

Δv = v2 - v1

Δv = (4.0 × 10^7 m/s) - (2.0 × 10^7 m/s)

Δv = 2.0 × 10^7 m/s

We can rearrange the equation to solve for acceleration (a):

a = Δv / Δt

To find the time (Δt), we can use the equation:

d = (1/2) * a * Δt^2

Rearranging this equation to solve for Δt:

Δt = sqrt((2 * d) / a)

Substituting the given values:

Δt = sqrt((2 * 0.014 m) / (2.0 × 10^7 m/s))

Δt = sqrt(1.4 × 10^(-8) s^2 / m^2)

Δt = 3.74 × 10^(-4) s

Now we can calculate the acceleration (a):

a = Δv / Δt

a = (2.0 × 10^7 m/s) / (3.74 × 10^(-4) s)

a = 5.35 × 10^10 m/s^2

Finally, we can find the electric field strength (E) using the equation:

E = a / q

Where q is the charge of the electron. The charge of an electron is approximately -1.6 × 10^(-19) coulombs.

E = (5.35 × 10^10 m/s^2) / (-1.6 × 10^(-19) C)

E ≈ -3.34 × 10^29 N/C

The electric field strength is approximately -3.34 × 10^29 newtons per coulomb (N/C).

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Answer:

about 50 million

Explanation:

100% guessing lol

Answer:

the best thing about this place was to have the kids to do it and

Answer:

P since without a host the parasite won't be able to survive they would start decreasing as well but if the hosts were no more then they would go extinct. But since it is just decreasing then it should be P

The force between the Moon and the Earth is calculated using the formula [tex]F = G(m_1*m_2)/r^2[/tex], where F is the force between the two objects, G is the universal gravitational constant, [tex]m_1[/tex] and [tex]m_2[/tex] are the masses of the two objects, and r is the distance between the two objects. Therefore, if the mass of the Moon is somehow made two times greater than its actual mass, the force between the Moon and the Earth would also increase.

To calculate the exact increase in force, we can use the same formula and compare the force before and after the increase in mass. Let's assume that the mass of the Moon is m before the increase and 2m after the increase. We can then use the formula to calculate the force before and after the increase, as follows:
- Before: [tex]F_1 = G\frac{mM}{r^2}[/tex]
- After: [tex]F_2 = G\frac{2mM}{r^2}[/tex]

To compare the two forces, we can divide [tex]F_2[/tex] by [tex]F_1[/tex]:
[tex]\frac{F_2}{F_1} = [G\frac{2mM}{r^2} ]/[G\frac{mM}{r^2} ][/tex]
[tex]\frac{F_2}{F_1} =2[/tex]

Therefore, the force between the Moon and the Earth would become two times greater if the mass of the Moon were somehow made two times greater than its actual mass. This is because the force of gravity is directly proportional to the masses of the objects involved.

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The magnitude of the induced electric field at a point near the center of the solenoid is approximately:

a) 66.0 V/m (opposite to the direction of increasing current)

b) 20.5 V/m (opposite to the direction of increasing current)

c) 82.4 V/m (opposite to the direction of increasing current)

To calculate the magnitude of the induced electric field at different points near the center of a solenoid, we can use Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction.

a) At the center of the solenoid, the induced electric field is given by:

E = -N (dΦ/dt)

Where N is the number of turns per meter and dΦ/dt represents the rate of change of magnetic flux.

Given that the current in the solenoid is increasing at a uniform rate of 33.0 A/s, we can determine the rate of change of magnetic flux.

The magnetic flux through the solenoid is given by:

Φ = μ₀NIA

Where μ₀ is the permeability of free space (4π x 10⁻⁷ T·m/A), N is the number of turns per meter, I is the current, and A is the cross-sectional area of the solenoid.

Substituting the given values, we have:

Φ = (4π x 10⁻⁷ T·m/A) * (800 turns/m) * (33.0 A/s) * (π(0.025 m)²)

Φ ≈ 0.0825 T·m²/s

Now, substituting this value into the equation for the induced electric field at the center of the solenoid, we have:

E = -(800 turns/m) * (0.0825 T·m²/s)

E ≈ -66.0 V/m

b) To calculate the magnitude of the induced electric field at a point 0.500 cm from the axis of the solenoid, we can use a similar approach. The cross-sectional area A will change as we move away from the center, so we need to consider the appropriate area.

The area at a distance of 0.500 cm from the axis is:

A = π(0.005 m)²

Now we can calculate the magnetic flux at this point:

Φ = (4π x 10⁻⁷ T·m/A) * (800 turns/m) * (33.0 A/s) * π(0.005 m)²

Φ ≈ 2.56 x 10⁻⁵ T·m²/s

The induced electric field at this point is:

E = -(800 turns/m) * (2.56 x 10⁻⁵ T·m²/s)

E ≈ -20.5 V/m

c) To calculate the magnitude of the induced electric field at a point 1.00 cm from the axis of the solenoid, we repeat the same steps as in part b, but with a different distance from the axis:

A = π(0.01 m)²

Φ = (4π x 10⁻⁷ T·m/A) * (800 turns/m) * (33.0 A/s) * π(0.01 m)²

Φ ≈ 1.03 x 10⁻⁴ T·m²/s

E = -(800 turns/m) * (1.03 x 10⁻⁴ T·m²/s)

E ≈ -82.4 V/m

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Answer:

a....................

The answer is:

D. Ball A has the greater speed when it reaches the ground

The pressure in the glycerin at a depth of 0.2306 meters below the surface where it is 2830 Pa higher than atmospheric pressure.

To determine the depth below the surface of the glycerin at which the pressure is 2830 Pa greater than atmospheric pressure, we can use the concept of pressure in a fluid.

The pressure at a certain depth in a fluid is given by the equation:

P = P₀ + ρgh

Where:

P is the pressure at the depth h,

P₀ is the atmospheric pressure (assumed to be the reference pressure),

ρ is the density of the fluid (glycerin in this case),

g is the acceleration due to gravity (approximately 9.8 m/s²), and

h is the depth below the surface.

We can rearrange the equation to solve for h:

[tex]h = \frac{P - P_0}{\rho g}[/tex]

Given that the pressure difference is 2830 Pa and the density of glycerine is 1.26×10³ kg/m³, we can substitute the values into the equation:

[tex]h = \frac{2830\text{ Pa}}{1.26\times 10^3\text{ kg/m}^3 \times 9.8\text{ m/s}^2} = 0.24\text{ m}[/tex]

Calculating the value, we find:

h ≈ 0.2306 meters

Therefore, the depth below the surface of the glycerin at which the pressure is 2830 Pa greater than atmospheric pressure is approximately 0.2306 meters.

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Answer:

1 is true  4 is false 5 is c i think 6 is a 7 is c 3 is a 2 is c 8 is c 9 is true 10 is c

Explanation:

Yes, it is possible to produce a real image using a 15cm and a 10cm convex lens together by properly selecting the focal lengths and positioning of the lenses .

To determine the characteristics of the image formed by two lenses, we need to consider the lens formula and the lens-maker's formula. The lens formula is given by:

1/f = 1/v - 1/u,

where f is the focal length of the lens, v is the image distance, and u is the object distance.

Let's assume the 15cm lens has a focal length of f1 and the 10cm lens has a focal length of f2. To produce a real image, the object should be placed beyond the focal point of the first lens (f1). Suppose the object distance (u1) is greater than f1. Then, using the lens formula for the first lens:

1/f1 = 1/v1 - 1/u1.

The image formed by the first lens (I1) will act as the object for the second lens. The image distance (u2) of the second lens will be equal to the image distance (v1) of the first lens. Applying the lens formula for the second lens:

1/f2 = 1/v2 - 1/u2.

To find the overall image distance (v2) and the characteristics of the image formed by the two lenses, we need to solve these equations simultaneously.

By properly selecting the focal lengths and positioning of the lenses, it is possible to produce a real image using a 15cm and a 10cm convex lens together. The specific characteristics of the image, such as its size, orientation, and location, can be determined by solving the lens formula equations for the given lens parameters.

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The emf (electromotive force) of a battery is the potential difference between the two terminals of the battery when the circuit is open and no current is flowing. Therefore, the emf of the battery is 8.33 V.

It represents the maximum voltage that the battery can provide to a circuit when it is connected. An emf of a battery that does 0.50 J of work to transfer 6.0 × 10⁻² C of charge from the negative to the positive terminal can be calculated as follows: We know that the work done by the battery, W = 0.50 J

Charge transferred from the negative to the positive terminal, q = 6.0 × 10⁻² C, emf of the battery is given by the formula: emf = W/q

Substituting the values in the above formula we get, emf = W/q= 0.50 J/(6.0 × 10⁻² C)emf = 8.33 V. The emf of a battery can be calculated using the above formula where emf represents the potential difference between the two terminals of the battery, W represents the work done by the battery, and q represents the charge transferred from the negative to the positive terminal.

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The head of the fluid is only due to its potential energy and pressure energy,  the value of h is zero.

The concept of head in fluid mechanics, Head is defined as the total energy per unit weight of the fluid and it is measured in terms of the height of a column of fluid which can be supported by this energy or pressure exerted by the fluid. It is represented by the symbol h.

In this case, when the pipe is capped at location (0), the water in the pipe becomes stationary. This means that the water has come to a rest and there is no movement of water. Since the velocity of the water is zero, the kinetic energy of the fluid is also zero.

Therefore, the head of the fluid is only due to its potential energy and pressure energy. Thus, the value of h is zero in this case.

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The electronic throttle control (ETC) system offers the ability to eliminate certain components and mechanisms.

The electronic throttle control (ETC) system is a technology that replaces traditional mechanical linkages between the accelerator pedal and the engine throttle with an electronic sensor and actuator. By doing so, it provides several advantages in terms of efficiency, control, and safety. One significant benefit is the elimination of various components and mechanisms found in conventional throttle systems.

These include the throttle cable, throttle position sensor, idle air control valve, and cruise control module, among others. With the ETC system, these components are no longer needed, simplifying the overall design and reducing maintenance requirements.

Instead, the ETC system relies on electronic signals and actuators to precisely control the engine throttle opening, allowing for improved responsiveness and fuel efficiency. Furthermore, the elimination of mechanical linkages reduces the risk of failures or malfunctions associated with wear and tear. Overall, the ETC system streamlines the throttle control process while enhancing performance and reliability.

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The wavelength of the electromagnetic wave in carbon tetrachloride is approximately 361 nm.

The speed (v) of a wave is related to its frequency (f) and wavelength (λ) by the equation:

v = f × λ

We are given the frequency (f) of the electromagnetic wave as 7.55 × 10^14 Hz and the speed (v) in carbon tetrachloride as 2.05 × 10^8 m/s.

Rearranging the equation, we can solve for the wavelength (λ):

λ = v / f

Substituting the given values:

λ = (2.05 × 10^8 m/s) / (7.55 × 10^14 Hz)

λ ≈ 2.71 × 10^-7 m

To convert the wavelength to nanometers (nm), we multiply by 10^9:

λ ≈ 2.71 × 10^-7 m × 10^9 nm/m

λ ≈ 271 nm

Therefore, the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave in carbon tetrachloride is approximately 361 nm.

The wavelength of the electromagnetic wave in carbon tetrachloride is approximately 361 nm. This calculation is based on the given frequency and speed of the wave, using the equation relating wavelength, frequency, and speed of the wave.

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The change in the momentum of the ball after the ball bounces back at a speed of 10 m/s, given that its initial speed is 10 m/s is 5 Ns (option A)

First, we shall list out the given parameters from the question. Details below:

The change in the momentum of the ball can be obtained as follow:

Change in momentum = m(v + u) (since there is a rebound)

Change in momentum = 0.25 × (10 + 10)

Change in momentum = 0.25 × 20

Change in momentum = 5 Ns

Thus, we can conclude that the change in the the momentum of the ball is 5 Ns (option A)

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Answer:

The magnitude of the impulse experienced by the particle is 100 kg.m/s.

Explanation:

Given;

mass of the particle, m = 5 kg

initial velocity of the particle, v₁ = 10 m/s

assuming the particle rebounds with same velocity backwards, v₂ = - 10 m/s

The impulse experienced by the particle is the change in linear momentum;

J = ΔP = mv₁ - mv₂

J = m(v₁ - v₂)

J = 5 (10 - (-10))

J = 5 (10 + 10)

J = 5(20)

J = 100 kg.m/s

Therefore, the magnitude of the impulse experienced by the particle is 100 kg.m/s.

Explanation:

transfer to babes are always at your advice by a particular motion being a particular wave motion along didn't wave is a wave which particular is a medium move a direction parallel to the direction of the wave moves something that is similar in the surveys on the medium moves of the same direction and bathe an accident to one or two Dimensions do in London killing babe attacks in one dimension and transverse waves attacks in two Dimensions the Waze cannot be paralyzed or organized

Option (a) Real and inverted , is the correct answer .

The image formed by the eye's lens is normally a) real and inverted.The image formed by the eye's lens is normally real and inverted. This is due to the way light is refracted by the lens and focused onto the retina.

The human eye works similarly to a camera, with a lens that focuses light onto the retina at the back of the eye. The lens in the eye refracts (bends) light to form an image on the retina. This process creates a real and inverted image.

Light rays from an object pass through the cornea and the lens of the eye. The lens adjusts its shape to focus the incoming light onto the retina. The retina contains light-sensitive cells called photoreceptors that convert light into electrical signals, which are then transmitted to the brain for interpretation.

When light rays converge on the retina, an inverted image is formed. This means that the top of the object is projected onto the bottom of the retina, and the bottom of the object is projected onto the top of the retina. This inverted image is the initial visual information that is sent to the brain.

The image formed by the eye's lens is normally real and inverted. This is due to the way light is refracted by the lens and focused onto the retina. The inverted image is then processed by the brain to perceive the object in its correct orientation.

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The energy released in the fusion reaction is approximately 3.598 × 10¹⁶ Joules.

To calculate the energy released in a fusion reaction, we need to determine the mass defect and then apply Einstein's mass-energy equivalence equation, E = mc².

The mass defect (Δm) is the difference in mass between the reactants and the products. It is given by the sum of the masses of the reactants minus the sum of the masses of the products.

Reactants:

14n (14.00307 u)

32s (31.97207 u)

6li (6.01512 u)

Products:

12c (12.00000 u)

Δm = (mass of reactants) - (mass of products)

Δm = (14.00307 u + 31.97207 u + 6.01512 u) - (12.00000 u)

Δm = 51.99026 u - 12.00000 u

Δm = 39.99026 u

Now, we can calculate the energy released (E) using Einstein's equation, E = Δmc².

E = (39.99026 u) * (c²)

E = (39.99026 u) * (2.998 × 10⁸ m/s)²

E ≈ 3.598 × 10¹⁶ Joules

Therefore, the energy released in the fusion reaction is approximately 3.598 × 10¹⁶ Joules.

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The ball's velocity after the collision is v

For a potential U(x)=-4x³+2,  the force F at x = 2m is 36N

Define force

A force is an effect that changes, or accelerates, the motion of a mass-containing object. It is a vector quantity since it can be a push or a pull and always has magnitude and direction.

A force is a physical quantity that alters the shape or size of an item, affects the direction of motion of an object in motion, or tends to create a motion in an object at rest.

P2 will be -m(2V)=-2mV

P₁ = m(V) = mV

Pi = -mV

Pf=mv1+mv2

P₁ = Pf

-mV = mv2-mv1

V2 + V₁ = -V

e=1(elastic collision)

V2 - V1 /2V + V will be equal to e

V2+V₁ = 3V

V₁ = −2V and V₂ = V

For a potential U(x)=-4x³+2, find the force F at x = 2m:

U(2)=-4*2³+2

U(2)= 36N

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Answer:

a) 500 J

Explanation:

Potential energy can be defined as an energy possessed by an object or body due to its position.

Mathematically, potential energy is given by the formula;

[tex] P.E = mgh[/tex]

Where,

P.E represents potential energy measured in Joules.

m represents the mass of an object.

g represents acceleration due to gravity measured in meters per seconds square.

h represents the height measured in meters.

In Science, the potential energy possessed by an object or body is the same as the work done by the object or body.

Since we know that the object possessed 500 Joules of potential energy; it would ultimately require to do a work of 500 Joules to lift the object.

Mathematically, work done = force * distance

But force = mass * acceleration due to gravity

F = mg; d = h

Substituting into the work done formula, we have;

Hence, Workdone = Fd = mgh

Answer:

When the image distance is positive, the image is on the same side of the mirror as the object, and it is real and inverted. When the image distance is negative, the image is behind the mirror, so the image is virtual and upright.

Explanation:

Answer:

  I = 1.8 N s,  it is directed towards the right  

Explanation:

For this exercise we use the relationship between momentum and moment

         I = Δp

         F t = p_f - p₀

in this case the initial velocity is v₀ = - 2,0 m / s and final velocity v_f = 10,0 m / s, we assume the positive right direction

          I = m (v_f - v₀)

let's calculate

         I = 0.150 (10.0 - (-2.0))

         I = 0.150 (10 + 2)

         I = 1.8 N s

as the impulse is positive it is directed towards the right