Protists are an anthropogenic assemblage of phylogenetically unrelated groups and are therefore highly diverse in terms of biological and ecological traits.
One of the most striking features of many protists is the presence of certain types of motile organelles that can be easily seen with a light microscope. Some forms can move by gliding or swimming but the majority do so using flagella or tiny hairs known as flagella and cilia respectively.
Protists are organisms whose cells have membrane-enclosed nuclei and are not adapted to other kingdoms. Most protists are unicellular. Some people make their own food but most people eat or absorb food. Most protists use flagella pseudopodia or cilia to move.
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what is the relationship between chromosomal instability and cell proliferation characteristic of tumorigenesis?
The likelihood of obtaining cells with a higher rate of proliferation increases with increasing chromosomal instability.
What traits do cancers possess?Cancerous and postoperative pain, the inhibition of antitumor immunity, tumor angiogenesis, tumor proliferation, development, and metastasis, as well as mental depression, are all clinical biological symptoms of malignancies.
What features distinguish an tumorous cell growth?Uncontrolled cell division as well as the inability of their wear are features of tumor cell proliferation.Additionally, tumor cells are more likely to survive.Resistance to apoptosis (the body's natural death process) is acquired by tumor cells.
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What happens to the energy that is not transferred ina food chain
As a trophic level moves up an ecosystem, its energy content decreases. Only 10% of the energy at any given trophic level is transferred to the next level; the remaining 90% is primarily lost as heat during metabolic processes.
What do you mean by food chain?The passage of matter and energy from one organism to another in the context of ecology is known as the food chain. Food chains locally entangle to form a food web because most species consume more than one sort of animal or plant. Since plants convert solar energy into food through photosynthesis, they are the world's primary source of food. In a predator chain, a flesh-eating animal eats a plant-eating species. In a chain of parasites, a smaller organism consumes a larger host in part and may even turn into a parasite on itself. A saprophytic chain of microorganisms relies on dead organic materials for food.
Thus from above conclusion we can say that as a trophic level moves up an ecosystem, its energy content decreases. Only 10% of the energy at any given trophic level is transferred to the next level; the remaining 90% is primarily lost as heat during metabolic processes.
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Why don't cells use endocytosis to transport all substances across the cell membrane.
as indicated in the kegg pathways for fatty acid degradation and biosynthesis, which pathway does not use acetly-coa as a substrate
As indicated in the kegg pathways for fatty acid degradation and biosynthesis, D. glycolysis pathway does not use acetly-coa as a substrate.
Glycolysis is the metabolic pathway that converts glucose into pyruvate. The free energy launched in this manner is used to form the high-energy molecules adenosine triphosphate and decreased nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. Glycolysis is a series of ten reactions catalyzed by enzymes.
Glycolysis is a series of reactions that extract power from glucose by means of splitting it into 3-carbon molecules referred to as pyruvates.
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Disclaimer:- your question is incomplete, please see below for the comlete question.
as indicated in the kegg pathways for fatty acid degradation and biosynthesis, which pathway does not use acetly-coa as a substrate
A. citric acid cycle
B. butanoate metabolism
C. fatty acid biosynthesis
D. glycolysis
I need help pls high point. Really need help
Processes:
The Hawaiian Islands were formed by volcanic activity.
Each island or submerged seamount in the chain is successively older toward the northwest. Near Hawaii, the age progression from island to island can be used to calculate the motion of the Pacific Oceanic plate toward the northwest
How they are formed:
As a crustal tectonic plates move over hot spots mantle material up wells and erupts on the surface of the plate to form a volcano, seamount or volcanic island.
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Please help! I can’t figure this out
A helper T-lymphocyte becomes activated by a(n):
Plasma cell
Antigen presenting cell
B-lymphocyte
Memory cell
A helper T-lymphocyte becomes activated by Antigen presenting cell.
What is Antigen presenting cell?Pay attention to how it sounds. Zen-ting sel (AN-tih-jen-preh) a particular class of immune cell that stimulates immunological responses by exposing immune system cells to antigens on its surface. A particular class of phagocyte is an antigen-presenting cell.The three main antigen-presenting cells are B lymphocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells. T lymphocytes are given extracellular antigen to be cleared by these cells.Dendritic cells (DCs) and B cells are examples of traditional antigen-presenting cells (APCs) (10). APCs must first recognize and bind their target in order to launch an immune response. APCs express antigen-specific surface receptors, such as pattern recognition receptors, to do this (PRRs).To learn more about Antigen presenting cell refer to:
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A white carnation flower is cut and placed in a flask containing water mixed with blue food color. After some time, it is observed that the petals of the flower start turning blue. Which plant tissue is responsible for transport of the blue water to the flower?
*
1 point
Captionless Image
A) Xylem
B) Phloem
C) Stomata
D) Chlorophyll
Answer:
Which plant tissue is responsible for the transport of blue water to the flower? ANSWER: ( A ) Xylem
Explanation:
The xylem is a plant vascular tissue that conveys water and dissolves minerals, from the roots to the remaining of the plant, The Xylem tissue consists of a variety of specialized, water-conducting cells known as tracheary elements. Their main role is in the transportation of food.
Which efferent pathway has a single nerve fiber extending from the cns to effector?.
Somatic is a efferent pathway has a single nerve fiber extending from the CNS to effector.
The nerves that travel to and from the spinal cord and transmit signals to and from the muscles and senses are collectively referred to as the somatic nervous system (SNS). Efferent routes, which control motor functions involved in movement of the body and limbs, typically transmit information from the spinal cord to the muscles.
Axonal projections that leave a region are referred to as efferent nerve fibers, as opposed to axonal projections that enter the region. In the context of the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS), these terms have a slightly different meaning.
Hence, somatic is a efferent pathway of a single nerve fiber.
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Somatic is an efferent pathway with a single nerve fiber extending from the CNS to the effector.
The nerves that enter and leave the spinal cord and carry signals to and from muscles and sensations are collectively called the somatic nervous system (SNS). Efferent pathways, which control the motor functions involved in body and limb movements, normally transmit information from the spinal cord to the muscles. Axonal projections exiting a region are called efferent nerve fibers, as opposed to axonal projections entering a region. It is associated with the central nervous system (CNS). and peripheral nervous system “PNS.” These terms have slightly different meanings.
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How do you think the term relates to the total number of genes a human inherits from his or her parents?.
The process by which instructions present in DNA are converted into proteins is called gene expression.
The term refers to the total number of genes inherited from a parent so that her one gene contains much of the information for building the proteins and hormones necessary for human growth. Gene expression is a term used to describe the transfer of instructions from DNA to proteins. This is a major process that helps the human body adapt to changing environments. It is the main factor controlling and regulating protein production. Transcription and translation steps are involved in the protein production process. Parents' traits, such as blood type and eye color, are passed on to their children. These are inherited through genes. It also transmits some diseases. Genes contain information about the amount of hormones and proteins produced by gene expression.
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Explain the difference between the different types of hormones. Be sure to address composition and method of attachment
There are different types of hormones, such as peptide hormones, amino acid hormones, and protein hormones such as insulin, glycogen, epinephrine, and norepinephrine, etc.
What are the various types of hormones?
The endocrine glands release hormones, and the hormones are different types, such as the amino acid hormones tyrosine and tryptophan, etc. The peptide hormones such as insulin, glucagon, etc. are made up of a short chain of amino acids. The thyroxine hormone is an amino acid hormone that has the receptor inside the cell, but a peptide hormone such as insulin has the receptor on the cell membrane.
Hence, there are different types of hormones, such as peptide hormones, amino acid hormones, and protein hormones.
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How are the male and female reproductive systems similar in function, organs and organ structure, and
hormones?
Reproduction is the process through which creatures produce offspring, to put it simply. All living things share this miraculous quality, which distinguishes them from inanimate objects. However, even while a species' reproductive system.
Two different types of gametes, or sex cells, are used in human reproduction. The female reproductive system must bring together sperm, the male gamete, a secondary oocyte, the female gamete, together with the first polar body and corona radiata, in order to produce a new individual.
Similarities:
Male and female reproductive systems have some fundamental similarities and some specialized distinctions. They are similar because they are homologous, which means that the majority of the reproductive organs in both sexes grow from the same embryonic tissue. Gonads, which generate sperm, eggs, or ovums, and sex organs, are present in both systems. Additionally, the reproductive organs in both systems mature and develop sexual function during puberty as a result of gonads secreting sex hormones.
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prophase i accounts for over 80% of the time that the primary spermatocyte spends in meiosis i. why do you think so much time is needed in just this one stage
The reason why prophase 1 takes so long is because the cell must go through homologous recombination and cell checks to ensure that crossovers are finished before entering metaphase 1.
How many spermatozoa can be produced from a single primary spermatocyte?Each primary spermatocyte that goes through meiosis develops into four sperm. During pregnancy, stem cells are implanted, and they are still there at delivery and the start of adolescence, but they remain dormant.
What do people refer to when they produce male sperm cells?Male germ cells are created in the seminiferous tubules of the testes from a self-renewing stem cell pool throughout life, from adolescence to old age. Spermatogenesis refers to the entire process of developing germ cells.
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What is/are the function(s) of centrioles in the cell?
Choose all that apply:
Aid in anchoring organelles to their spots
Help cells maintain their shape
Creation of microtubules that aid in cell division
Aid in the mechanical movement of basal bodies
Assist in the movement of motor proteins
The main function of the centrioles in the cell is the creation of microtubules that aid in cell division (Option 3).
What is the role of the centrioles in animal cells?The centrioles are exclusive organelles observed in animal cells whose main role is to migrate to opposite ends in a cell by organizing microtubule filaments of the cytoskeleton.
Therefore, with this data, we can see that the main role of centrioles in animal cells is to organize the formation and movement of the microtubule filaments of the cytoskeleton during the process of cell division.
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Francesco Redi performed an experiment in 1668. In the experiment, he placed rotting meat in two jars. The first jar was left open. After a few days, fly larvae were found on the decaying meat inside. The mouth of the second jar was covered with gauze. After a few days, the decaying meat inside was free of fly larvae, but larvae were found on the gauze. This experiment supports the hypothesis that.....
Answer:
The experiment performed by Francesco Redi supports the hypothesis that fly larvae only come from adult flies based on his experiment design using a covered-meat and non-covered meat. In addition, he also believed that maggots came from the fly rather than from the rotten meat by using the same experiment design.
Mitchell and Emma are senior students that share a biology class. Their high school has a section on school property that has been used to grow various plants over the years. Each student is required to select a plant to study for their final project. The pictures show some of the plants that are grown on school property. The tulips, irises, and daffodils reproduce asexually. The snapdragons and the roses reproduce sexually.
Mitchell is interested in the snapdragons that reproduce sexually. He knows that purple (P) is dominant to white (w). Mitchell crosses a homozygous purple plant with a homozygous white plant. If he breeds two of the first generation offspring together, what percentage of the second generation offspring can Mitchell predict will most likely be white?
a. 25%
b. 50%
c. 75%
d. 100%
The percentage of the species that would be white in color is 100%. Option D
What is the percent of the white species?We know that the term genotype does refer to the sum total of the genes that an organism has acquired from its parents. The phenotype has to do with the traits of an organism that are expressed.
On the other hand, we know that the phenotype of the organism would actually be produced by the known genotype of the organism. As such, one of the species is PP and the other is ww. The offspring would have the dominant genotype of the snapdragons.
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You decide you don’t like worm o you go into your backyard and dig up all of the earthworm. Explain how removing the earthworm could affect the ecoytem in your yard
Worms are helpful when they die the techniccally turn into fertiliser in a way
what blood disorder is characterized by a lack of oxygen reaching the body's cells? a.) anemia b.) septicemia c.) toxemia d.) leukemia
The correct option is a.) anemia i.e. blood disorder is characterized by a lack of oxygen reaching the body's cells.
Anemia: Your body feels chilly, exhausted, and weak because your blood does not carry enough oxygen. Your body loses more blood cells than it can make, leading to blood loss. Damage to your bone marrow, which is where red blood cells are made, results from a bone marrow condition (leukemia, lymphoma).Blood is a bodily fluid found in the circulatory systems of humans and other animals that carries metabolic waste products away from the cells as well as vital nutrients and oxygen to the cells. Peripheral blood and the blood cells it contains, peripheral blood cells, are terms used to describe the blood in the circulatory system.To know more about anemia
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in the past, decreasing fertility rates were associated with decreasing poverty levels (True/False)
In the past, decreasing fertility rates were associated with decreasing poverty levels is true.
Due to the fact that women are having too many children, which they are subsequently unable to maintain financially, in the majority of the world's poorest regions, poverty and high fertility rates are strongly related. A widespread misconception, nevertheless, holds that women can control their fertility rather than having social factors affect how many children they ultimately have. This myth is based on the notion of cause and effect, which holds that increasing a family's number of children will exacerbate their financial difficulties. However, studies show that having more children is not the main prerequisite for economic growth. Instead, having better social standing and access to education will lower mean fertility, which will lower poverty rates by raising a woman's income.To know more about fertility check the below link:
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In 100 to 150 words, compare and contrast the U.S Revolution and the South American Revolution.
Answer:
a
Explanation:
only the fibrous layer can be observed in its entirety from the superficial surface of the cow eye.
The only part of the cow eye's surface that can be seen in its entirety is the fibrous layer.
What role does the fibrous layer play in the body?Fibroblasts, which form the collagenous fibers that give the skin structure and fortify bones, are present in the outer fibrous layer. Blood arteries in this layer also provide the cartilage its nutrients and oxygen.
What do you call the fibrous layer?The periosteum is made up of an inner and an exterior "cambium layer." Fibroblasts are found in the fibrous layer, whereas progenitor cells found in the cambium layer give rise to osteoblasts, which widen the bone.
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Where does ingestion takes place in the human body?
Answer:
the mouth
Explanation:
food enters the body through the mouth where it is made smaller for the stomach and esophagus by the teeth.
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The offspring of two true-breeding parents that differ in a single character are called single-character hybrids, or.
The offspring of two true breeding parents that vary in only one character are known as single character hybrids or monohybrids.
A monohybrid cross occurs when two true-breeding parents, that are distinct exclusively in the trait under investigation, mate and the resulting offspring are referred to as monohybrids or single character hybrids.
Mendel hypothesized after conducting seven distinct monohybrid crosses that each parent in such a cross passed on one of two paired unit factors to each offspring. Additionally, each and every feasible combination of these unit factors was equally possible. Mendel found that in the offspring in the F₂ generation exhibited a phenotypic ratio of 3:1.
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the binding and release of sodium or potassium ions are due to conformational changes in the protein.
After releasing ions into the extracellular fluid, the binding and release of sodium or potassium ions is caused by conformational changes in the protein.
Which type is in charge of the conformational modification that takes place in the sodium-potassium exchange pump?The pump adapts to phosphorylation by changing its shape and turning around to open toward the extracellular area. The three sodium ions are released outside the cell because the pump in this conformation no longer prefers to bind to sodium ions (has low affinity for them).
What are the two causes of the motion of the sodium and potassium ions?The differential in ion concentrations between the intracellular and extracellular regions, as well as the membrane potential, dictate the net flow of ions across an open ionic channel.
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what is the difference between the closed conformation and open conformation of chromatin packing? biology
The shape of chromatin, which can be either open (euchromatin) or compact (heterochromatin), is dynamically regulated during the phases of the cell cycle is the two types of conformations.
The main distinction between conformation and configuration is that whereas the configurations of the same molecule do not easily interconvert, their conformations do.With a predefined location in the nucleus and a certain form, such as metacentric, submetacentric, acrocentric, or telocentric, chromosomes are primarily heterochromatic in this stage.All DNA-mediated processes, including gene regulation, can be significantly impacted by the degree of nucleosomal packaging. While heterochromatin (tight or closed chromatin) is more compact and resistant to factors that need to access the DNA template, euchromatin (loose or open chromatin) structure is permissible for transcription.
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What is the common function of leaves?
store water
transport energy
transport water
make energy
The common function of leaves are: water storage, energy transportation water transportation and energy synthesis.
Describe the function of leaves.The main function of leaves is to produce food for plants through photosynthesis. Chlorophyll, the substance that gives plants their unique green color, absorbs light energy. The internal structure of the leaf is protected by the stem epidermis and the continuous leaf epidermis. The central sheet or mesophyll is composed of soft-walled, unspecialized cells of a type known as the parenchyma. Up to one-fifth of the mesophyll consists of chlorophyll-containing chloroplasts that absorb sunlight and, in combination with specific enzymes, use radiant energy to break down water into its elements hydrogen and oxygen. . Oxygen released by green leaves replaces oxygen removed from the atmosphere by respiration and combustion of plants and animals. Hydrogen obtained from water combines with carbon dioxide in the enzymatic process of photosynthesis to form sugars that form the basis of plant and animal life. Oxygen is released into the atmosphere through stomata (stomata on the leaf surface).
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Think about an area in your neighborhood or city that has changed. Maybe a shopping center
was built over what was once tree-filled land. Maybe a park was put in where an empty lot onces
stood. Explain the change and whether you think the area is going through primary succession
or secondary succession at this time. Why?
Maybe a shopping center was built over what was once tree-filled land - this is a secondary succession.
Maybe a park was put in where an empty lot ounces stood - this is a primary succession.
What is succession?During succession, certain species' colonies expand and their populations grow, while others' populations drop and even perish. It is the methodical advancement of different sorts of organisms entering a region. Primary and secondary succession are the two basic forms of succession.
Primary succession - The process of a community's growth in an area that was formerly inhabited, barren, vacant, and where no early vegetation was discovered is known as primary succession.
Secondary succession - Secondary succession is characterized as the formation of a community in regions that were formerly populated, inhabited, and had primary vegetation but was disrupted or damaged owing to external or internal reasons.
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what triggers a b-cell to proliferate and differentiate, and what cell types/functions this creates
Creation of fully developed immune-competent B cells maturation. Maturity-dependent B-cell activation and differentiation into plasma cells and memory B cells.
B-cell production starts in the embryo and continues throughout life.Major locations of B cell maturation before birth include the yolk sac, foetal liver, and foetal bone marrow.Following birth, hematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow produce mature B-cells (HSC).The HSC first divide to create lymphoid progenitor cells, and these cells subsequently differentiate and maturation into progenitor B-cells (pro B), which express a transmembrane tyrosine phosphatase known as CD45R and a signalling molecule known as Ig/Ig that is later identified linked with the membrane-bound antibody.Pro-B cells furthermore exhibit CD19 (part of co-receptor),CD43 (leukosialin), CD24 (heat stable), and C-kit are present on the surface of Pro-B-cell.To know more about b-cells check the below link:
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Based on the karyotype below, what disorder does this individual have?
A. Turner’s syndrome; 45 chromosomes; X0
B. Kleinfelter syndrome; 47 chromosomes; XXY
C. Down syndrome; 47 chromosomes; trisomy 21
D. Patau syndrome; 47 chromosomes; trisomy 13
The type of disorder illustrated in the karyotype above is Klinefelter syndrome; 47 chromosomes, XXY (option B).
What is Klinefelter syndrome?Klinefelter syndrome is a genetic condition in which a person (male) is born with two X chromosomes and one Y chromosome i.e. the male has an extra X chromosome.
The chromosomal disorder observed in individuals with Klinefelter syndrome is known as aneuploidy, which is the state of possessing a chromosome number that is not an exact multiple of the haploid number of the organism in question.
According to the karyotype shown in the above image, there is an extra chromosome added to the normal chromosome pair of 23, making the total number of chromosomes add up to 47 instead of 46.
Therefore, option B is the correct representation of the karyotype.
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Which of the biomolecules is the best choice for animals during hiebrnation? why?.
Macromolecules contain infinite amounts of energy. Animals that use to hibernate in the winter relies on fats . Fat will break down over a longer period of time than carbohydrates and helps the animal to survive during winters.
For hibernation , animals need to stuff themselves with food as many as possible. Eating more food than usual, helps animal to build up extra layers of fat.
During the process of hibernation, the animal's body will feed on this fat to keep itself alive. These Extra amount of fat can also helps the animal to stay warm when they are not moving. The brown fat forms patches near the animal's brain, heart and lungs and white fats are present in rest of their body .
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