Endospores thrive in improperly processed canned or domestic processed foods because they are resistant to heat and want anaerobic situations.
Endospores have tough, outer coating composed of keratin (protein), which permits warmth and chemical resistance. Coccidioides are an idea to develop greatly in the soil after heavy rainfall after which disperse into the air maximum correctly for the duration of hot, dry conditions.
Endospore formation is commonly precipitated by way of a loss of vitamins; it's miles a stripped-down, dormant shape to which the bacterium can reduce itself. The endospore consists of the bacterium's deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), ribosomes, and huge quantities of dipicolinic acid.
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Which term is a process that must happen in the cell's cytoplasm
before cellular respiration?
Answer:
Glycolysis
Explanation:
Glycolysis happens in the cell's cytoplasm. The three-carbon molecules from glycolysis then enter the mitochondria. The products of glycolysis-the three-carbon molecules-enter the mitochondria and are used in cellular respiration.
Which property of genetic code lowers the chances of a deleterious mutation in an individual?.
Property of the genetic code that lowers the chances of a deleterious mutation in an individual : Redundancy
What do you understand by redundancy?Two or more genes that are performing the same function and that inactivation of one of these genes has no effect on the biological phenotype is called genetic redundancy. Redundancy is very common in in genomes of higher organisms.
Genetic code is said to be redundant when the same amino acid residue is encode by multiple codons. If all the properties of synonymous codons are entirely equivalent, then they would be equally distributed along the protein coding sequences.
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Which organelle is present in a paramecium protozoan but absent in the cells of a strawberry plant?.
Paramecium protozoan possess cilia, (a locomotory organelle) which is absent in the cells of a strawberry plant.
What are Locomotory organelles?Locomotion is the movement of organisms from one place to another. There are several ways in which organisms can move. The anatomical structures that animals use for locomotion, such as cilia, legs, wings, arms, fins, and tails, are sometimes called locomotory organs or motor structures.
Locomotive organelles found in protists include:
Cilia are short cell-like hair-like organelles that extend from the cell surface. The ciliated protozoan is Paramecium. Flagella are long, thin, filamentous organelles present on the surface of cells.Pseudopodia are "false feet" that emerge from an organism's body when needed. Example: AmoebaTo know more about protists visit:
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Dha and epa, eicosanoids derived from omega-3 fatty acids, reduce blood clot formation and promote heart health. The richest food source of dha and epa is ____________.
DHA and EPA eicosanoids may be derived from omega-3 fatty acids they reduce blood clot formation and promote heart health. The richest food source of DHA and EPA is ______Fish______.
Why EPA and DHA important?EPA and DHA are very important for proper fetal development, including: neurological, retinal and immune function. EPA and DHA may affect many aspects of cardiovascular functions including: inflammation, peripheral artery disease, major coronary events, and anticoagulation.
He has his three forms of these fatty acids. Alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) is primarily found in vegetable oils, and seafood is the best source of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). ALA is an essential fatty acid and must be obtained from food. Foods rich in omega-3 fatty acids include fish, vegetable oils, nuts (especially walnuts), flaxseeds, linseed oil, and leafy greens.
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How does a sea sponge get the molecules they need differently than a human?
Sea sponge depends on the flow of water through their bodies for food and oxygen differently than a human.
What is a sea sponge?Sponges are really basic organisms they lack respiratory, digestive, and circulatory systems. Instead, sponges depend on the water passing through their body to deliver food and oxygen, and remove waste.
While sponges and corals are all aquatic invertebrates that are stationary, their structure, eating strategies, and reproductive processes are all quite different from one another.
Therefore due to a lack of respiratory, digestive, and circulatory systems, sea sponges rely on water.
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Help
Name one trait/advantage that cell organization during blastula stage allows
One trait and or advantage that cell organization during the blastula stage allows is cell specialization in order to develop future tissues.
What is the blastula stage?The blastula stage can be defined as a stage of development in which the zygote divides several rounds to form a mass of cells that will develop an embryo, which is composed of cells that will produce tissues in the advanced stages of development.
Therefore, with this data, we can see that the blastula stage is one of the first stages of development and it contains cells that will specialize to perform different tasks.
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Queen Victoria was a carrier of a recessive sex-linked allele for hemophilia. Which of the following possibilities could explain the presence of the hemophilia allele in her genotype? a. Either her mother was a carrier or her father had a dominant allele.
b. Either her mother was homozygous dominant or her father had hemophilia.
c. Both her mother and her father had hemophilia.
d. Either her mother was a carrier or her father had hemophilia.
The following possibilities which could explain the presence of the hemophilia allele in her genotype is that either her mother was a carrier or her father had hemophilia and is therefore denoted as option D.
What is Genotype?This is referred to as the genetic constituent or constituent of an organism and contributes to the phenotypic traits.
Recessive traits are the one that is only expressed when an organism has two recessive alleles for that trait. This therefore means that it is either her mother was a carrier or her father had it which results in it having two different alleles.
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what is the commonly used unit to describe the size of a protein introduced in this lab?
Answer: kDa or kilo daltons
Explanation:
most bony fish are ______ or cold-blooded, with the exception of the tuna and mackerel shark family, which are ______, or warm-blooded.
Most bony fish are Sea or cold-blooded, with the exception of the tuna and mackerel shark family, which are land, or warm-blooded.
Warm-bloodedness, also known as Homoiothermy, also spelled Homeothermy, in animals, the capability to keep a rather consistent inner temperature (about 37° C [99° F] for mammals, approximately forty° C [104° F] for birds), regardless of the environmental temperature.
Humans are warm blooded, that means we are able to modify our inner body temperature regardless of the surroundings. To maintain our our bodies core temperature regulated at 37ºC the system begins inside the brain, the hypothalamus is accountable for releasing hormones to manipulate temperature.
Humans are heat-blooded, with our body temperature averaging around 37C. heat-blooded certainly way we are able to alter our inner body temperature, unbiased of surroundings, even as bloodless-blooded animals are situation to the temperature of their environment.
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Coral reefs are found in shallow tropical ocean waters. A coral reef is a diverse ecosystem that is supported by the photosynthesis of marine plants and the algae that live within the tissues of the coral. Given this information, when would the waters in a coral reef likely have the highest dissolved oxygen concentration?
Responses
7 a.m.
2 p.m.
9 p.m.
midnight
The ecosystem of corals found in shallow tropical ocean water is diverse. Because photosynthesis occurs during the day, the highest concentration of dissolved oxygen can be found at 7 a.m.
What is photosynthesis?Photosynthesis is a process in which oxygen and glucose are formed by utilising water and carbon dioxide. This reaction is catalysed by sunlight.
The corals are found in shallow water. Different marine plants do photosynthesis and increase the oxygen concentration in the water. Because photosynthesis occurs during the day, the highest concentration of dissolved oxygen is found during the day that is 7 am..
Hence, the answer is 7 a.m. This is the daytime.
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When did carbon dioxide in the atmosphere reach 415 ppm and thus well exceed its natural range of 180 to 280 ppm?.
In 2013, the global carbon dioxide concentration peaked at over 400 parts per million and thus well exceed its natural range of 180 to 280 ppm.
What is the keeling curve?
The Keeling curve, provided by the Scripps Institution of Oceanography, gives the daily reading of atmospheric carbon dioxide, in parts per million (ppm), measured at the top of Mauna Loa, Hawaii.
Carbon dioxide is considered to be the 'global climate thermostat' for planet earth and is a greenhouse gas that is transparent to incoming solar radiation, absorbing outgoing infrared radiation the earth is giving off as the surface cools.
By adding more carbon dioxide to the atmosphere, people are supercharging the natural greenhouse effect, causing global temperatures to rise. Increased carbon dioxide concentration may affect plant transpiration by causing stomatal apertures to close and decreasing the leaf conductance for water vaporTropical ecosystems are predicted to be especially sensitive to global warming because many tropical species appear to have a narrow thermal tolerance range.Co2 is the most important man-made greenhouse gas, which acts like a blanket trapping heat near the surface of the earth. Hence increase in carbondioxide concentration mostly causes the greenhouse effect.
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if a somatic cell from a frog contains 20 picograms of dna during g2 of interphase, how many picograms of dna would be present in each gamete produced by this species? (enter the number only, not the units.)
Each gamete that this species produces would contain 5 picograms of DNA.
What one word best describes "gamete"?Gamtes are a term used to describe an organism's reproductive cells. Sex cells is another name for them. Gametes are also known as sperm for males and ova or egg cells for females. Gametes are made of haploid cells, which contain only one copy of each chromosome.
Are there gametes in all humans?Some people live their entire lives without ever producing gametes. When we reach puberty, the rest of us begin to produce them, and then some of us stop once more. Change your sex throughout puberty, during menopause, or following cancer surgery? If so, gender reassignment surgery also changes your sexual orientation.
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A tree species has one facultative mutualist animal that disperses its seeds. If the animal goes extinct, what is the most likely consequence for the tree species?
A tree species has one facultative mutualist animal that disperses its seeds. If the animal goes extinct, the most likely consequence for the tree species is mean seedling distance from parent tree.
What do you understand by the term extinct?Extinction is the final phase of a sort of creature or a taxon—typically a species. Although the ability to reproduce and bounce back may have been lost earlier, the death of the last member of the species is typically considered to be the moment of extinction.
What do you mean by seedling?A seedling is a juvenile sporophyte that has emerged from a plant embryo. The germination of the seed initiates the growth of the seedling. The radicle (embryonic root), hypocotyl (embryonic shoot), and cotyledons make up the majority of immature seedlings (seed leaves). The number of seed leaves that make up the two groups of flowering plants (angiosperms) differs: monocotyledons (monocots) have one blade-shaped cotyledon, whereas dicotyledons (dicots) have two round cotyledons. Gymnosperms have a wider range. Some blooming plant seedlings lack any cotyledons at all. They are described as acotyledons.
Thus from above conclusion we can say that a tree species has one facultative mutualist animal that disperses its seeds. If the animal goes extinct, the most likely consequence for the tree species is mean seedling distance from parent tree.
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One of the first breakthroughs in biotechnology was the discovery of the gene
that makes insulin. Part of this process involved scientists making DNA to
match each possible sequence of insulin mRNA. What was the next step of
this process?
A.
Scientists found the DNA in the pancreas
that matched the
manufactured DNA.
B. Scientists inserted
pancreas DNA into bacterial cells.
C. Scientists used the
codon table to find the possible sequence of
mRNA.
D. Scientists mixed small portions
of manufactured DNA with DNA
from the pancreas.
Scientists made DNA to match each possible sequence of mRNA
In order to match every potential mRNA sequence, scientists created DNA.
To manufacture insulin properly, the following procedures must be followed:
1. The pancreatic cell is stripped of the human gene that produces insulin.
2. The insulin mRNA's possible sequence is then determined.
3. A restriction enzyme and DNA from bacteria are used to make the recombinant DNA of the human insulin-producing gene.
4. This recombinant DNA is then given to the bacterium.
5. Recombinant DNA is used to multiply the bacterium in order to produce human insulin.
Deoxyribonucleic acid is a kind of DNA. DNA is a polymer made up of two polynucleotide chains that coil around one another to create a double helix. (listen);[1] DNA) All known organisms and many viruses have genetic information in the polymer that is necessary for their development, operation, growth, and reproduction. Nucleic acids include DNA and ribonucleic acid (RNA). Nucleic acids are one of the four main categories of macromolecules that are necessary for all known forms of life, along with proteins, lipids, and complex carbohydrates (polysaccharides).
Because the two DNA strands are made up of simpler monomeric units termed nucleotides, they are referred to as polynucleotides.
Each nucleotide is made up of a phosphate group, a deoxyribose sugar, and one of the four nitrogen-containing nucleobases (cytosine [C], guanine [G], adenine [A], or thymine [T]).
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Please help me …..…………
Answer:
enzymes.
Explanation:
enzymes are classified as proteins.
What is the difference in the concentration of molecules in two areas across a membrane.
The difference in the concentration of molecules in two areas across a membrane is concentration gradient.
In the field of science, concentration gradient can be described as a term that is used when there is a difference in the number of molecules inside and outside the membrane. Due to this difference, molecules either pass into a cell or outside of a cell.
When the concentration of a molecule is higher outside a cell as compared to the inside of a cell, a concentration gradient will develop. As a result of this concentration gradient, molecules will move into the cell.
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Mitosis can occur in both haploid and diploid cells, but meiosis cannot occur in haploid cells. Why not?.
Mitosis can occur in both haploid and diploid cells because it is equational division where the number of chromosomes remain the same after division. But meiosis cannot happen in haploid cells because it is reductional division and haploid cells do not have any extra copy of chromosomes to be halved.
Mitosis is the cell division where the number of chromosomes do not change after cell division. It usually happens in the somatic cells of the body. Cancer cells also undergo mitosis
Meiosis is the cell division where the number of chromosomes are halved after cell division. The process of meiosis occurs in two phases: meiosis I and meiosis II. The germ cells of the body undergo meiosis.
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Fossils present in ______ layers of rock are older, according to the principle of superposition.
Fossils present in lower layers of rock are older, according to the principle of superposition.
What is meant by fossils?The remains of dead organisms are preserved in fossils. This is the earth's former inhabitants' impression. Animal bones, shells, imprints in stone, cast molds, and other objects are examples of fossils. Fossils are the subject of paleontology.
Fossils are the geologically altered remnants of a once-living organism and/or its behavior.. Body fossils, which represent all or a portion of the creature's body, and trace fossils, which provide evidence of the behaviour of the organism.
The term "fossil" refers to the preserved, solidified remains, traces, or tracks of any extinct plant, animal, insect, or other life form. The majority of fossils are created during the fossilization process.
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Which term describes a somatic motor neuron and all the skeletal muscle fibers it stimulates?.
Motor unit describes a somatic motor neuron and all the skeletal muscle fibers it stimulates
What is somatic motor neuron and skeletal muscle ?The somatic nervous system is made up of sensory nerves with afferent nerve fibres that carry sensation from the body to the central nervous system (CNS) and motor nerves with efferent nerve fibres that carry motor commands from the CNS to trigger muscle contraction.
One of the three important types of muscle in the human body is skeletal muscle. Numerous connective tissue sheaths encase thousands of muscle fibres that make up each skeletal muscle. Fasciculi are the specific collections of muscle fibres found in skeletal muscles.All the skeletal muscle fibres that a motor neuron stimulates collectively make up a motor unit. Therefore, a skeletal muscle's motor units are its most fundamental unit and what causes a contraction.Learn more about Motor unit here:
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glycogen synthetase kinase 3 beta is a protein kinase that has been implicated in many types of cancer. depending on the cell type, the gene for glycogen synthetase kinase 3 beta can act either as an oncogene or as a tumor suppressor. which of the following best predicts how glycogen synthetase kinase 3 beta mutations can lead to the development of cancer? responses cells with overactive glycogen synthetase kinase 3 beta have longer cell cycles cells with overactive glycogen synthetase kinase 3 beta have longer cell cycles cells with inactive glycogen synthetase kinase 3 beta fail to trigger apoptosis cells with inactive glycogen synthetase kinase 3 beta fail to trigger apoptosis cells with inactive glycogen synthetase kinase 3 beta fail to proceed past the g2/m checkpoint cells with inactive glycogen synthetase kinase 3 beta fail to proceed past the g2/m checkpoint cells with overactive glycogen synthetase kinase 3 beta are more likely to repair dna damage cells with overactive glycogen synthetase kinase 3 beta are more likely to repair dna damage
Cells with inactive GSK3βGSK3β fail to trigger apoptosis are the following best predicts how GSK3β mutations can lead to the development of cancer.
What does GSK3β do?The multifunctional serine/threonine kinase glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta (GSK3) was first discovered as a regulator of glycogen metabolism. It is essential for the control of several signaling pathways, including those that control biological processes including cell division, inflammation, and proliferation. There has been a noticeable increase in the number of articles and patents published by various employees throughout the world during the past several years. As a therapeutic target for the treatment of medical conditions, several pharmaceutical firms are concentrating on GSK3. The focus of the current review is on the signaling mechanisms of various disease conditions where GSK3 is involved. We provide a thorough map of GSK3 signaling pathways in disease physiologies in this review.Learn more about GSK3β mutations refer :
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Why is the carbon sink in your case study vulnerable to fire?
NEED HELP PLEASE!!!!
The carbon sink in your case study vulnerable to fire atmospheric carbon would be much higher without carbon sinks and a carbon sink is important because they store carbon and lower the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.
What is a Carbon sink?A carbon sink has been defined as the thing that has sponges more carbon from the atmosphere than it has been discharged. It includes plants, soil compounds, oceans, etc.
The important function of the carbon sink has to absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and control the levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere at manageable levels.
Therefore, The carbon sink in your case study vulnerable to fire atmospheric carbon would be much higher without carbon sinks and a carbon sink is important because they store carbon and lower the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.
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in modern systematics, species are organized into monophyletic groups based on their evolutionary relationships; that is, they are organized into blank . multiple choice question.
In modern systematics, species are organized into monophyletic groups based on their evolutionary relationships; that is, they are organized into clades.
Systematics is a branch of biology that deals with classification of organisms based on their species, genus or taxa, which represents their evolutionary relationships. A monophyletic group consists of members having common ancestral origin and all the descendants of that most recent common ancestor. It is same as cladistic grouping. It also has descendants of common ancestors. Identification of evolutionary relationships helps in understanding the anatomy of the extinct organisms, their development over time and how their features evolved to survive in the changing nature/ environmental conditions. Evolutionary biology seeks to explain the diversity of life and interpret the adaptations among the species. With time, the most fit species survived by the process of natural selection of best evolved species.
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how can capsules enable bacteria to evade the immune system? how can capsules enable bacteria to evade the immune system? capsules block the complement biding sites on the surface of the pathogen. a capsule is a superantigen that distracts the immune system. capsules can bind up iga, rendering it inactive.
Since the capsule's polysaccharides are comparable to those in the host, the immune response does not identify it as alien.
What kind of polysaccharide is this, specifically?
Examples of polysaccharides include starch, cellulose, and glycogen. Polysaccharides are stabilizers and dietary fiber in the food business. In the making of yogurt, for example, microorganisms can also produce polysaccharides.
What functions does polysaccharide serve?
In general, polysaccharides serve one of two purposes: either they store energy or they sustain structural integrity. High-density polymers like carbohydrates are used to store energy. In both plants and animals, cellulose and chitin, two linear polymers, provide structural support.
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As the Earth
layers of the Earth with the outer layer bein
and nickel moved to the center of the Earth. This was the beginning of the
Make Images, Vide
Answer:
Different Layers of the Earth
The Inner Core
The Outer Core
Mantle
Crust
Frequently Asked Questions – FAQs
Different Layers of the Earth
Layers Of Earth
The inner core, the outer core, mantle and crust are the four layers of earth
The Inner Core
It is the centre and the hottest layer of the Earth. The inner core is solid and made up of iron and nickel with temperatures up to 5,500oC. Due to its immense heat energy, the inner core is more like the engine room of the Earth.
The Outer Core
The outer core of the Earth is similar to a very hot ball of metals, whose temperature is around 4000 oF to 90000F. It is so hot that the metals inside are all liquid. The outer core is around 1800 miles under the crust and is approximately 1400 miles thick. It is composed of metals such as iron and nickel. The outer core surrounds the inner core.
The inner core has pressures and temperatures so high that the metals are squeezed together and not able to move like a liquid but are forced to vibrate instead of solid.
Mantle
Mantle is the widest section of the Earth. Its thickness is approximately 2,900 km. The mantle is mainly made up of semi-molten rock known as magma. The rock is hard in the upper part of the mantle, but lower down the rock is softer and begins to melt.
The mantle is located directly under the Sima. The mantle consists of very hot and dense rock. This layer of rock flows like asphalt under heavy weight. This flow is because of the greatest temperature differences from the bottom to the top of the mantle. The reason behind the plates of the Earth moving is the movement of the mantle. Its temperature varies between 1600 oF at the upper part to 4000 oF near the bottom.
Crust
The crust is the outer layer where we live. The thickness is around 0-60 km. It’s a solid rock layer divided into two types:
Continental crust covers the land and,
Oceanic crust covers water
The crust is the most widely studied and understood. The mantle is hotter and capable of flowing. The outer and inner core is much hotter with great pressures that you can squeeze into a ball smaller than marble if you are able to go to the centre of the Earth.anation:
According to the pressure-flow hypothesis, which direction are sucrose and water flowing in the phloem when roots are sources and leaves are sinks?.
According to the pressure-flow hypothesis, direction in which sucrose and water are flowing in the phloem when roots are sources and leaves are sinks is that : Water and sucrose flow up the stem.
What is pressure-flow hypothesis?The pressure flow hypothesis which was introduced by Ernst Münch, describes a mechanism of osmotically generated pressure differentials that drive the movement of sugars and other solutes in the phloem.
Pressure flow hypothesis proposes that water containing food molecules flows under pressure in the phloem. The pressure is created by the water concentration difference of the solution in the phloem and pure water in the nearby xylem ducts.
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which of the following is not a function of our skeletal system? storage support movement reproduction homeostasis blood
The function which is not a part of skeletal system is: blood cells formation.
Skeletal system is the one which is mainly involved in providing the structural framework, support and correct posture to the body. The bones are the major part of the skeletal system. These are also the reservoirs of calcium and phosphorus and hence are involved in homeostasis.
Blood cells are of three types: Erythrocytes, leukocytes and platelets. They are found dissolved in the blood and are involved in functions like transport, protection, preventing blood clot formation, etc. These blood cells are formed in the bone marrow of the bones.
The given question is incomplete, the complete question is:
Which of the following is not a function of our skeletal system? storage, support, movement, reproduction, homeostasis, blood cell formation.
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Wheter you are albino or not i decided by ingle gene with two allele. The normal allele A i dominant to the albino allele a. Demiie i albino but eble i not. They are expecting a baby. We know exactly what i Demiie' allele are what are they and how do you know?
1/4 are albino or not I decided through single gene with allele. The regular allele A I is dominant to the albino allele.
In all sorts of OCA and some kinds of OA, albinism is passed on in an autosomal recessive inheritance sample. this means a baby has to get 2 copies of the gene that reasons albinism (1 from each determine) to have the situation.
Oculocutaneous albinism can end result from mutations in several genes, along with TYR, OCA2, TYRP1, and SLC45A2. changes inside the TYR gene reason type 1 mutations in the OCA2 gene are chargeable for type 2; TYRP1 mutations purpose type three and adjustments in the SLC45A2 gene bring about kind four.
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is a term referring to a condition free of pathogenic microorganisms or a procedure or process designed to prevent entry of infectious agents.
Asepsis is a term referring to a condition free of pathogenic microorganisms or a procedure or process designed to prevent entry of infectious agents.
Pathogenic term refers to the microorganisms that are able to infect the large living organisms and causes diseases in them. Thus, pathogenic is the capability of an organism to causes diseases. The example of microorganism that cause diseases are: viruses, prions, protozoans, etc.
Microorganism are the smallest living organism that are not visible to the unaided eyes. They can be found in varying environments that have varying functions. The microorganisms can be good for living organisms or they can be bad.
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put the following glycolytic reactions in the correct order. only 8 of the 10 reactions in the glycolytic pathway are listed, so the answer should be the relative order of the 8 reactions listed.
Hexose sugar is produced by phosphorylation, aldose sugar is converted into ketose sugar by isomerization, and hexose monophosphate is changed into hexose bisphosphate by phosphorylation.
Why does phosphorylation occur?By altering the structure of the phosphorylated protein, phosphorylation controls protein activity and cell signaling. These modifications may have two different effects on the protein. The protein's ability to catalyze reactions is first controlled by conformational alterations.
What does phosphorylation by ATP entail?By harnessing energy from the movement of electrons inside an electron transport system, oxidative phosphorylation, which takes place by chemiosmosis, produces ATP. Only one proton (H+) one and electron can be found in an atom of hydrogen. Electrons have potential energy, or stored energy, that is available for use.
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there is a bone on the lab bench in front of you. on it, you see that there is a smooth and slightly convex articular surface. this bone marking would be considered a
On the laboratory bench right in front of you, there is a bone. You can tell that it has an articular surface that is smooth and just slightly concave. This skeletal feature would be referred to as a Facet.
What is the composition of human bone?A transcription factor collagen forms the structure of bones, and calcium phosphate, a mineral, gives the framework strength and hardness. When other body parts require calcium, bones release some of the calcium they have stored into the blood.
Why are bones so durable?A living, developing tissue is bone. Collagen, a polypeptide that provides a soft structure, and calcium, a mineral that gives strength and hardness, make up the majority of its composition. Together, these factors give bone the strength and flexibility it needs to withstand stress.
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