E2-7 (Assumptions, Principles, and Constraint) Presented below are a number of operational guidelines
and practices that have developed over time.
Instructions
Select the assumption, principle, or constraint that most appropriately justifies these procedures and practices.
(Do not use qualitative characteristics.)
(a) Fair value changes are not recognized in the accounting records.
(b) Financial information is presented so that investors will not be misled.
(c) Intangible assets are capitalized and amortized over periods benefited.
(d) Repair tools are expensed when purchased.
(e) Agricultural companies use fair value for purposes of valuing crops.
(f) Each enterprise is kept as a unit distinct from its owner or owners.
(g) All significant post-balance-sheet events are reported.
(h) Revenue is recorded at point of sale.
(i) All important aspects of bond indentures are presented in financial statements.
(j) Rationale for accrual accounting.
(k) The use of consolidated statements is justified.
(l) Reporting must be done at defined time intervals.
(m) An allowance for doubtful accounts is established.
(n) Goodwill is recorded only at time of purchase.
(o) A company charges its sales commission costs to expense.

Answer:

(a) Fair value changes are not recognized in the accounting records.

Category:  Principle

Name: Measurement principle

(b) Financial information is presented so that investors will not be misled.

Category:  Principle

Name: Full disclosure principle

(c) Intangible assets are capitalized and amortized over periods benefited.

Category:  Principle

Name: Expense recognition principle

(d) Repair tools are expensed when purchased.

Category:  Constraint

Name: Material constraint

(e) Agricultural companies use fair value for purposes of valuing crops.

Category:  Principle

Name: Measurement principle

(f) Each enterprise is kept as a unit distinct from its owner or owners.

Category:  Assumption

Name: Economic entity assumption

(g) All significant post-balance-sheet events are reported.

Category:  Principle

Name: Full disclosure principle

(h) Revenue is recorded at point of sale.

Category:  Principle

Name: Revenue recognition principle

(i) All important aspects of bond indentures are presented in financial statements.

Category:  Principle

Name: Full disclosure principle

(j) Rationale for accrual accounting.

Category:  Principle

Name: Expenses recognition principle and revenue

(k) The use of consolidated statements is justified.

Category:  Assumption

Name: Economic entity assumption

(l) Reporting must be done at defined time intervals.

Category:  Assumption

Name: Periodicity assumption

(m) An allowance for doubtful accounts is established.

Category:  Constraint

Name: Conservatism constraint

(n) Goodwill is recorded only at time of purchase.

Category:  Principle

Name: Measurement principle

(o) A company charges its sales commission costs to expense.

Category:  Principle

Name: Expenses recognition principle

Following are selected income statement and balance sheet data for companies in different industries.
$ millions Sales Cost of Gross profit Net income Assets Liabilities Equity
goods sold
Harley- $ 5,342 $ 3,302 $ 2,040 $ 960 $ 5,255 $2,171 $ 3,084
Davidson
Nike, Inc. 13,740 7,624 6,116 1,212 8,794 3,149 5,645
Starbucks 6,369 2,605 3,764 494 3,514 1,423 2,091
Corp.
Target 51,271 34,927 16,344 2,408 34,995 20,790 14,205
Corp.
a) Compute the following ratios for each company. Round all answers to one decimal place (percentage answer example: 0.2345 = 23.5%). Note: The liabilities to stockholders' equity ratio should not be converted into a percentage answer (round answers to one decimal place, for
Company Gross Profit/ Net Income/ Net incom/ Liabilities/
sales sales Equity equity
Harley-Davidson
Nike, Inc.
Starbucks Corp.
Target Corp.
(b) Which of the following statements about business models best describes the differences in gross (and net) profit margin that we observe?
a. The higher gross profit companies are typically those that have some competitive advantage that allows them to charge a market price for their products that cannot be easily competed away.
b. The lower gross profit companies are those that can manufacture their products at the lowest cost.
c. The higher gross profit companies are those that sell the highest unit volumes.
d. The lower gross profit companies are those that charge a higher price for their products.

Which of the following statements accurately describe the phases of a business cycle?
A. A contraction phase is when an economy exhibits decreasing levels of production and consumption.
B. A period of expansion is when an economy exhibits decreasing levels of production and spending.
C. A trough occurs at the end of the contraction phase and the beginning of the expansion phase
D. A peak level of business activity occurs at the end of the expansion phase and the beginning of the contraction phase.

Alex is a member of a corporate sales team who frequently speaks in front of groups as part of sales presentations. He has now been asked to give a toast at his brother's upcoming wedding. Alex is used to speaking on formal occasions, but is unsure of the best way to deliver a lighter speech. He decides to do a little research before the wedding. Select the statement that describes a strategy Alex could use to deliver a lighter speech.

a. Alex tells a story about his brother that causes his friends and family in the audience to laugh.
b. Alex periodically interrupts his remarks in order to deliver extremely embarrassing jokes about his brother.
c. Alex comprehensively prepares a long statement that he plans to deliver verbatim when it is time for his toast.
d. Alex delivers a detailed outline of the points he would like to address at the start of his toast.

Stocks A and B have the following data. Assuming the stock market is efficient and the stocks are in equilibrium, which of the following statements is correct?
A B
Price $25 $40
Expected growth 7% 9%
Expected return 10% 12%
A) The two stocks should have the same expected dividend
B) The two stocks could not be in equilibrium with the numbers given in the question
C) A's expected dividend is $0.50
D) B's expected dividend is $0.75
E) A's expected dividend is $0.75 and B's expected dividend is $1.20

Your text indicated that several groups were protected by federal equal opportunity legislation. In these examples, indicate whether the group in question would be considered a federally protected class. In making your decision, do not take into account who you think would win the case. Instead, base your answer only on whether the person making the complaint is in a federally protected class. Assume that each organization has at least 15 employees. Write down your responses.

a. A recently retired military veteran was not offered a job for which she was qualified.
b. A Mormon says his religion forbids him to work on certain days.
c. A person who is hearing impaired claims she is disabled.
d. A homosexual applicant wasn’t hired because of his sexual orientation.
e. A male wasn’t hired for a sales position in a retail store specializing in women’s shoes.
f. A 24-year old woman wasn’t hired for a managerial position because she was too young.
g. A Norwegian applicant claimed he wasn’t hired because a Chinese restaurant hired only Asians.
h. A light-skinned African American would not hire a dark-skinned African American.
i. A store wouldn’t hire anyone with a college degree because it thought they were snobs.
j. A fast-food chain refused to hire any males with long hair.

Assume that Nevermore, Inc., a U.S.-based subsidiary wants to raise $US 1 million by issuing a bond denominated in Pakistani rupees (PKR). The current exchange rate of the rupee is $.02
How many PKR does the MNC need to obtain the $US 1 million needed?

Categorizing U.S. taxes
Which of the following taxes are regressive?
a) A sales tax that adds 5% to the sale of all items
b) The U.S. payroll tax (a constant tax on wages up to a certain amount, after which the marginal tax rate is 0%) is a tax.
c) The U.S. income tax

Which of the following situations generally exists when disinflation occurs?

Select one:
a. the rate of inflation is falling from 5% to 3%
b. the rate of inflation falling from 3% to -2%
c. 3% decrease in inflation and 2% fall in unemployment rate
d. 5% increase in inflation and 3%
increase in unemployment rate

= the rate of inflation is falling from 5% to 3%
​

Grade it Now scoring options Averaging: The score that is reported to your instructor is the average score of your attempts as of the deadline, including any work you have saved but not submitted for grading. For example, in the following table, the final score is 6.3 because it is the average of the (4106.3). 4,10 three scores Keep the Highest: Your score is calculated by taking the highest score of the attempts you make. Using the example in the following table, the final score is 10 because it is your highest scote. The other attempts are not counted. Do No Harm: The goal of this method is to encourage you to practice without fear of decreasing your score. Your first attempt is your base score; the second attempt counts and is averaged with the first only if it is higher than the first; the third attempt counts (as an equal part) if it is higher than the average of the previously counted attempts. In other words, additional attempts that will negatively affect your overall average will not be taken into account. The example in the following table shows the final score is 7.5 (the average of score and is, therefore, not included. because the second attempt would lower your overall 5 and 10, 0r Grade it Now Scoring Examples Final Score Third Attempt Second Attempt First Attempt 6.3 10/10 4/10 5/10 Averaging 10/10 10.0 4/10 5/10 Keep the Highest 7.5 10/10 4/10 5/10 Do No Harm Which Grade it Now scoring option ensures that each attempt always attects your tinal score? O Do No Harm O Averaging Keep the Highest Imagine that your instructor chose to use the Averaging scoring method in Grade it Now mode. Here are your scores: First attempt: 4/10 Second attempt: 6/10 Third attempt: 2/10
What would be your final score?
a. 4
b. 5
c. 6

Another factor influencing business ethics is _____, or what is fair according to prevailing standards of society.
Group of answer choices

equity

utilitarianism

validity

righteousness

justice

The Phillips Curve is a graphical depiction of the

Select one:
a.
negative relationship between inflation and unemployment.
b.
positive relationship between inflation and output.
C.
negative relationship between unemployment and output
d.
negative relationship between inflation and the CPI

= negative relationship between inflation and unemployment.​

Mutually exclusive projects are those whose cash flows are unrelated to one another the acceptance of one does not eliminate the others from further consideration.

a. True
b. False

The American Management Association created a statement of ethics to guide members in the marketing profession

True
False

How do lenders and borrower's requirements differ in financial services?​

Meiji Isetan Corp. of Japan has two regional divisions with headquarters in Osaka and Yokohama. Selected data on the two divisions follow:

Division
Osaka Yokohama
Sales $3,000,000 $9,000,000
Net operating expenses $210,000 $720,000
Average operating assets $1,000,000 $4,000,000

Required:
a. For each divisions, compute the return on investment (ROI) in terms of margin and turnover. (Do not round intermediate calculations.)
b. Assume that the company evaluates performance using residual income and that the minimum required rate of return for any division is 15%. Compute the residual income for each division.

Using the following routing information and a From-To Chart, determine the total flow efficiency of the parts assuming an alphabetical order. Give your results in terms of percentage, not as a decimal value, i.e., 54.3 as opposed to .543.
Part Order Relative Weighted Value
1 R E B D C A S 4
2 R A B C D E S 2
3 R C B D A E S 3

You are the general manager of a high end, full service restaurant. You just placed a $10,000 wine order for two upcoming events. As a thank you, the supplier just stopped by to give you a voucher for a two-night stay at an inn which included dinner and a tasting at the winery. Using the guidelines listed below, analyze the situation. What are your conclusions?
Ethical Guidelines from Textbook (Dopson)
Is it legal?
Any course of action that violates written law or company policies and procedures is wrong.
Does it hurt anyone?
Are benefits accruing to the manager that rightfully belong to the owner of the business? Discounts, rebates, and free products are the property of the business, not the manager.
Am I being honest?
Is the activity one that you can comfortably say reflects well on your integrity as a professional, or will the activity actually diminish your reputation?
Would I care if it happened to me?
If you owned the business, would you be in favor of your manager behaving in the manner you are considering? If you owned multiple units, would it be good for the business if all of your managers followed the considered course of action?
Would I publicize my action?
If you have trouble remembering the other questions, try to remember this one. A quick way to review the ethical merit of a situation is to consider whom you would tell about it. If you are comfortable telling your boss about the considered course of action, it is likely ethical. If you would prefer that your actions go undetected, you are probably on shaky ethical ground. If you wouldn’t want your action to be read aloud in a court of law (even if your action is legal), you probably shouldn’t do it.

The money demand curve will shift to the left when:

Select one:
a. none of the Options
b. an increase in income
c. sale of government bonds by RMA
d. a reduction in the interest rate

= none of the Options​

Which of the following is the basis for research surveys?
O problem-solving strategy
O scientific method
O trial and error
O pattern recognition

Use the following information from BSJ Industries to determine the predetermined overhead rate based on direct labor costs. (Round your final answer to 2 decimal places.)
Direct labor hours 50,000
Average hourly pay rate $ 16.00
Manufacturing overhead $ 1,400,000

Imagine that a new technology is invented that makes it very cheap to produce highly efficient solar panels that can be put on cars stuff. Give the effect in the following markets.
a. price of solar panels
b. quantity of solar panels
c. price of oil
d. quantity of oil
e. price of tires
f. quantity of tires

What is the best definition of marginal cost?

the possible income from producing an additional item

the price of producing one additional unit of a good

the additional income gained from selling an additional good

the financial gain from business activity minus expenses

The following equation shows the transactions of Cotton Cleaning Service during May. The business is owned by Taylor Cotton.

Mudvayne, Inc., is trying to determine its cost of debt. The firm has a debt issue outstanding with 18 years to maturity that is quoted at 107 percent of face value. The issue makes semiannual payments and has an embedded cost of 6 percent annually.
1. What is the companys pretax cost of debt?
2. If the tax rate is 35 percent, what is the aftertax cost of debt?

HEY BESTIES ANSWER QUICKLY AND ILL MARK BRAINLIEST

Which statements describe letterheads?


They should have a different design than the business card.

They provide the contact information for a business.

They are seldom needed in small organizations.

Business cards and letterheads should be of similar design.

They have the same information as a business card.

The gross domestic product (GDP) of the United States is defined as the all in a given period of time.

Based on this definition, indicate which of the following transactions will be included in (that is, directly increase) the GDP of the United States in 2017.

a. Roadway Motors, a U.S. automobile company, produces a convertible at a plant in Germany on March 10, 2017. Roadway Motors imports the convertible into the United States on May 20, 2017.
b. Zippycar, a U.S. automobile company, produces a convertible at a manufacturing plant in Minneapolis on January 21, 2017. It sells the car at a dealership in Houston on February 10, 2017.
c. Sofaland, a Swedish furniture company, produces a table at a plant in Virginia on December 5, 2017. It sells the table to a college student on December 24.
d. You chop down a cherry tree on your property in California and make a dining room table in 2017. A similar table sells for $800 in a local furniture store.
e. Rotato, a U.S. tire company, produces a set of tires at a plant in Michigan on September 13, 2017. It sells the set of tires to Speedmaster for use in the production of a two-door coupe that will be made in the United States in 2017.

Suppose the following selected condensed data are taken from a recent balance sheet of Bob Evans Farms (in millions of dollars). Cash $ 30.3 Accounts receivable 19.8 Inventory 27.5 Other current assets 28.4 Total current assets $106.0 Total current liabilities $200.0 Compute working capital and the current ratio. (For working capital, enter answer in millions. If answer is negative enter it with a negative sign preceding the number e.g. -15.2 or in parentheses e.g. (15.2). Round current ratio to 2 decimal places, e.g. 0.78 : 1.)

A technique to bring changes in the
entire organization, rather man
focusing attention on individuals to
bring changes easily.
Select one:
a. Organizational development
b. Organizational conflicts
c. Organizational change
d. Organizational culture

= Organizational development​

You currently purchase a part used in your production process from an outside supplier, and have decided to begin making this part in-house. You have two equipment options for moving production in-house: special-purpose equipment and general-purpose equipment. Cost information for these two options is as follows:
ALTERNATIVE
Special-Purpose Equipment
General-Purpose Equipment FIXED COST
$200,000 per year
$50,000 per ye ar VARIABLE COST
$15 per unit
$20 per unit
Use Scenario 2.6 to solve this mystery. At an annual requirement of 40,000 units, what does the company save per year by selecting the low-cost option?
a) $40,000
b) $50,000
c) $150,000
d) $300,000

How is poverty anywhere a threat to prosperity everywhere?​