The following are the revised paragraphs:
1. The National Crime Prevention Council has made the following statement about preventing crime at work. Crime prevention and safety measures are just as essential at work as they are at home. They have provided tips for improving workplace safety and preventing crime at work. These include Changing locks before moving into a new office; Report broken or faulty doors, windows, and locks immediately; Keep the interior lights on even when the business is closed; Add lights to dark places around the building; Avoid shrubs that can obscure the view.
2. Our attorney recommended several things to avoid litigation concerning sexual harassment. To begin, establish an unequivocal written policy prohibiting sexual harassment within our organization. Second, make sure training sessions are conducted for supervisors to learn about a proper work environment. Finally, set up an official procedure for employees to lodge complaints. Investigation of complaints should be included in this procedure. These paragraphs are revised by breaking down the large and wordy paragraphs into smaller, more concise, and organized parts in a numbered list.
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Gordon Miller's job shop has four work areas, A, B, C, and D. Distances in feet between centers of the work areas are: A D 7 8
Gordon Miller's job shop has four work areas, A, B, C, and D. Distances in feet between centers of the work areas are: A D 7 8. The distances between the work areas can be represented using a network diagram or a node diagram.
A network diagram is a graphical representation of the activities of a project. Network diagrams are used in project management to organize tasks. Network diagrams are a type of flowchart, but they differ from other flowcharts because they depict the project flow rather than the flow of data or materials through a process. This is a tool for project management that illustrates the project's critical path. The network diagram is composed of a series of nodes, each of which represents an activity or an event.
The network diagram's nodes are connected by arrows that represent the activity's precedence or logical sequence. The sequence in which these tasks should be performed is shown by the arrows. The network diagram is used to show how long the project will take, as well as the critical path. This is an essential tool for project management, as it helps project managers understand the interdependencies of various tasks.What is a node diagram?A node diagram is another name for a network diagram.
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At Carla Vista Company, there are 760 units of ending work in process that are 100% complete as to materials and 40% complete as to conversion cost5. If the unit cost of materials is $3 and the total costs assigned to the 760 units is $5,624, what is the per unit conversion cost? (Round answer to 2 decimal places, e.8. 2.25.) Per unit comversion cost $
To find the per unit conversion cost, we need to calculate the total conversion cost and then divide it by the number of units.
Given that the ending work in process is 40% complete as to conversion cost and the total costs assigned to the 760 units is $5,624, we can determine the total conversion cost.
Total conversion cost = Total costs assigned - Total cost of materials
Total conversion cost = $5,624 - ($3 * 760)
Total conversion cost = $5,624 - $2,280
Total conversion cost = $3,344
Now, we can calculate the per unit conversion cost.
Per unit conversion cost = Total conversion cost / Number of units
Per unit conversion cost = $3,344 / 760
Per unit conversion cost ≈ $4.39 (rounded to 2 decimal places)
Therefore, the per unit conversion cost is approximately $4.39.
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Copy the sample kitchen budget worksheet to the current workbook
The total section will automatically calculate the sum of the planned budget and actual expenses.I can provide you with a general template for a kitchen budget worksheet that you can create in your current workbook.
Here's a sample format:
Kitchen Budget Worksheet:
Category Planned Budget Actual Expenses
Groceries [Enter amount] [Enter amount]
Dining Out [Enter amount] [Enter amount]
Kitchen Supplies [Enter amount] [Enter amount]
Appliances [Enter amount] [Enter amount]
Utilities [Enter amount] [Enter amount]
Repairs and Maintenance [Enter amount] [Enter amount]
Miscellaneous [Enter amount] [Enter amount]
Total [Sum of planned budget] [Sum of actual expenses]
In this worksheet, you can enter the planned budgeted amounts for each category and update the actual expenses as you make purchases or incur costs.
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ASSIGNMENT 1 Read the following case study and answer the questions that follow.
These Are 5 of Namibia’s Most Creative Entrepreneurs
Africa is home to a staggering number of creative, inspirational entrepreneurs spanning all kinds of industries, including health, fashion, renewable energy, finance, and education. Namibia in particular has taken great strides to support its entrepreneurs, recently introducing entrepreneurship development to its school curriculum. It was also ranked the ‘most entrepreneurial African country’ of 2016.
Entrepreneurship has great benefits, helping to reduce poverty through the creation of jobs. With the right environment, education, infrastructure, policy, and financial support, Namibia can enable even more solopreneurs and SMEs to grow their businesses. Here are five of Namibia’s most creative entrepreneurs who are embracing this way of life.
Sylvanie Beukes: Entrepreneur Turned Coach
Sylvanie Beukes is a Namibian entrepreneur with almost limitless energy and hunger to succeed. Beukes studied economics, after which he started working with small enterprises to improve living standards in rural communities. Many of his key entrepreneurial lessons were learned from a young age. Beukes is a business consultant and motivational speaker, and has gone on to write a book, New Money Masters. He regularly mentors other budding entrepreneurs, including Justina Kavale, who runs a cosmetics business.
Heinrich Hafeni Nghidipaya: Using Wealth for Good
Hafeni, heavily influenced by how his mother sacrificed so much for her family, decided while growing up that he wanted to work for himself and to earn enough so she would never have to work again. Rather than going to university, Hafeni secured a job with an international travel company as a tour leader aged 23, which gave him the opportunity to see the world. Aged 28, he left to found Hafeni Tours and Travel, an agency specializing in cultural tours of Namibia.
What Hafeni discovered was that many of Namibia’s young people were overly focused on their own advancement, rather than helping their communities. He went on to co‐found Swakopmund Youth with a Vision, aimed at turning this around and encouraging young people to take on positions of leadership. Hafeni himself now represents his town in the Chamber of Commerce, as well as sitting on other community decision‐making boards.
Tammy Knott: Namibian Natural Skincare Products
Tammy Knott is a vibrant young Namibian entrepreneur who is dedicated to celebrating the indigenous plants of her country and using them to create 100% natural skincare products. As a young child, Knott spent her holidays in the Namibian desert, where her mother researched the traditional uses of indigenous plants, including Namibian Myrrh, Marula Oil and Kalahari Melon Seed Oil. This inspired her to start Mbiri Natural Skincare: a fair trade, vegan brand with a focus on community‐based projects.
Ally Angula: Breaking the Taboo of Women in Commercial Agriculture
Ally Angula is the MD of Leap Group in Namibia, a business that operates in the horticulture, private‐label garment manufacturing and branded‐garment retailing sectors. Angula is breaking the glass ceiling when itcomes to women working in agriculture. She grew her first potato crop back in 2014 on just 13.6 hectares of land through Leap Agribusiness and plans to expand its reach to around 300 hectares while continuing to research and evaluate new food processing technologies.
Angula later went on to establish Leap Retail, which targets the local market with its own branded clothing line. The first branded outlet, My Republic, opened in October 2014 in Windhoek’s Kleine Kuppe suburb.
Immanuel Hango: An Innovative Solution for Water Purification Namibian engineer Immanuel
Hango caused a real stir among US scientists with his invention that users solar energy to produce water‐purifying chlorine. Aged 31, Hango came up with the solution through his business Profile Namibia Chemicals as a way to help stop the spread of cholera throughout African countries, earning him a semi‐finalist position in the Tech‐I competition in 2015. It works by electrolysing salt using solar energy to produce the chlorine needed to purify water and ensure its safety. Another talented Namibian entrepreneur contributing to the sustainable development of the country’s resources, Hango is now pursuing an MBA in entrepreneurship with the Steinbeis University in Berlin.
Questions.
1.2 Discuss five (5) entrepreneurial success factors (characteristics) displayed by the entrepreneurs in
the case study above and explain why each is important. (15 Marks) - Write For Marks to get a thumbs up and a comment - Relevance is key!
Entrepreneurial success factors (characteristics) displayed by the entrepreneurs in the case study:
Entrepreneurial success factors refer to the factors that play a vital role in the success of an entrepreneur.
Five entrepreneurial success factors displayed by the entrepreneurs in the case study are as follows:
1. Passion - The first and foremost factor for entrepreneurial success is passion. All the entrepreneurs in the case study displayed passion for their work. Passion is important because it helps entrepreneurs stay motivated and dedicated to their work even in difficult times.
2. Innovation - Innovation is another factor that all the entrepreneurs in the case study displayed. All the entrepreneurs came up with innovative ideas that made their business stand out from others. Innovation is important because it helps entrepreneurs stay ahead of the competition.
3. Risk-taking - All the entrepreneurs in the case study were willing to take risks. For example, Tammy Knott started her skincare brand with no prior experience in the beauty industry. Risk-taking is important because it helps entrepreneurs identify new opportunities and grow their business.
4. Community involvement - Heinrich Hafeni Nghidipaya and Ally Angula were involved in community development. This involvement helped them gain the trust of the community and expand their business. Community involvement is important because it helps entrepreneurs understand the needs of their customers and build strong relationships.
5. Hard work and dedication - All the entrepreneurs in the case study displayed hard work and dedication towards their work. Hard work and dedication are important because it helps entrepreneurs overcome obstacles and achieve success in their business.
Overall, these five entrepreneurial success factors are crucial for the success of any entrepreneur.
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Marginal productivity of labor. Find the marginal productivity of labor (MPN) for the following production functions: 1. Y = zF(K,N) = zKαN1−α (Cobb-Douglas technology) 2. Y = zF(K,N) = lnz + αln K + (1 − α)ln N (Log Cobb-Douglas preferences) 3. Y = zF(K,N) = zK + N (linear technology) 4. Y = zF(N) = zN (linear technology without capital) 5. Y = zF(K,N) = z αKφ + (1 − α)Nφ 1 φ (Constant Elasticity of Substitution production function) where φ ≤ 1, and 0 < α < 1 are technological parameters, N denotes labor demand, K is the capital stock, and z the total factor productivity.
The marginal productivity of labor (MPN) can be found by taking the derivative of the production function with respect to labor (N).
Let's calculate the MPN for each production function:
1. For the Cobb-Douglas technology (Y = zKαN1−α), we need to find the derivative of Y with respect to N. Taking the derivative, we get MPN = (1 - α)zKαN−α.
2. For the Log Cobb-Douglas preferences (Y = lnz + αln K + (1 − α)ln N), the derivative of Y with respect to N is MPN = (1 - α)/N.
3. For the linear technology (Y = zK + N), the derivative of Y with respect to N is MPN = 1.
4. For the linear technology without capital (Y = zN), the derivative of Y with respect to N is MPN = z.
5. For the Constant Elasticity of the Substitution production function (Y = z αKφ + (1 − α)Nφ 1 φ), the derivative of Y with respect to N is MPN = (1 - α)Nφ1/φ.
To find the marginal productivity of labor, we calculate the derivative of the production function with respect to labor (N). The resulting derivative represents the change in output (Y) when labor (N) changes by a small amount. By using the given formulas, we can find the MPN for each production function.
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A food processor uses approximately 27,000 glass jars a month for its fruit juice product. Because of storage limitations, a lot size of 4,000 jars has been used. Monthly holding cost is 18 cents per jar, and reordering cost is $60 per order. The company operates an average of 20 days a month. a. What penalty is the company incurring by its present order size? b. The manager would prefer ordering 10 times each month but would have to justify any change in order size. One possibility is to simplify order processing to reduce the ordering cost. What ordering cost would enable the manager to justify ordering every other day (i.e., 10 times a month)?
The monthly requirement of glass jars for a food processor = 27,000 jars.Lot size = 4,000 jars. Thus, the new ordering cost of $36 would enable the product manager to justify ordering every other day (i.e., 10 times a month).
Monthly holding cost = 18 cents per jarReordering cost = $60 per order.The company operates an average of 20 days a month.1. The penalty that the company is incurring by its present order size is,To find the penalty, we need to find the order cost and holding cost.
Order cost (OC) = [(D × S) / Q] × COW, where
D = Annual demand (in units)S = Cost per order (ordering cost)Q = Order quantity (in units)
COW = Cost of ordering and receiving one unit (ordering cost)OC = [(12,000 × $60) / 4,000] × $1OC = $108
Holding cost (HC) = [(Q / 2) × H] / M, whereH = Annual holding and storage cost per unit of product
M = Annual number of units (or orders)HC = [(4,000 / 2) × $0.18] / 20HC = $18
Penalty = OC + HC = $108 + $18 = $1262. Let the ordering cost be OC'.To find the new ordering cost (OC'), we need to find the optimal order quantity (Q').
Optimal order quantity (Q') = √[(2DS) / H], where
D = Annual demand (in units)S = Cost per order (ordering cost)
H = Annual holding and storage cost per unit of product
Q' = √[(2 × 12,000 × $60) / $0.18]Q' = 20,000∴ Q' = 20,000 jars.
Order cost (OC') = [(D × S) / Q'] × COW = [(12,000 × $60) / 20,000] × $1 = $36 per order
Penalty = OC' + HC = $36 + $18 = $54
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which of the following accounting items is unique in
that it appears on both the balance sheet and the income
statement?
The answer is "Retained Earnings." Retained Earnings is the accounting item that appears on both the balance sheet and the income statement, representing cumulative earnings retained and reinvested in the business.
Retained Earnings is the accounting item that appears on both the balance sheet and the income statement. On the balance sheet, Retained Earnings represents the cumulative earnings or profits of a company that have been retained and reinvested into the business rather than distributed to shareholders as dividends. It is reported as a component of shareholders' equity. On the income statement, Retained Earnings appears as an adjustment to the net income or net loss of the company. It reflects the portion of the company's profits that are retained rather than distributed as dividends to shareholders. The Retained Earnings figure from the prior period is added to the net income or subtracted from the net loss to arrive at the current period's Retained Earnings balance. Therefore, Retained Earnings serves as a link between the balance sheet and the income statement, connecting the company's past earnings with its current financial position.
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Company Y has an employee who is paid weekly. For Company Y the employee FICA- OASDI tax rate is 10%. The limit for FICA-OASDI is $50000 of employee annual earning subject to the applicable tax. The employee earns $600 for the week and has cumulative earnings year to date through the previous week of $49800. How much is deducted from the employee’s weekly paycheck for FICA-OASDI?
A. -60-
B. 30
C. 600
D. 300
E. None of the above
Here is a step by step explanation on how to calculate the FICA-OASDI amount deducted from the employee’s weekly paycheck. Determine if the cumulative earnings year to date through the previous week of $49800 exceeds the limit for FICA-OASDI tax.
For Company Y, the limit for FICA-OASDI is $50000 of employee annual earnings subject to the applicable tax. As the employee's cumulative earnings year to date through the previous week of $49800 is less than $50,000, the employee is still subject to FICA-OASDI tax.Step 2: Calculate the total amount of earnings subject to FICA-OASDI tax.The employee earns $600 for the week.
Therefore, the total amount of earnings subject to FICA-OASDI tax is:$49800 (cumulative earnings year to date through the previous week) + $600 (weekly earnings) = $50400Step 3: Calculate the FICA-OASDI tax rate and the amount of tax to be deducted.For Company Y, the FICA-OASDI tax rate is 10%. Therefore, the amount of FICA-OASDI tax to be deducted from the employee’s weekly paycheck is:10% x $600 (weekly earnings) = $60Hence, the correct answer is A. -60-.
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Job-related inequality has historically always been a problem, but according to Richard Miech it could diminish over time. He postulates that disability, race and sex discrimination is inefficient in a competitive world because it calls for only men to occupy better positions in working industries. Majority of men earn a higher salary than women, disabled people or minority races who have same education, experience and abilities. Non-discriminating employers can gain an edge in the competitive market by hiring disadvantaged and disabled people, women and minorities, thereby reducing job-related inequality. This plan, if taken on by employers, could perpetuate over time to other employers in which job-related inequality could decrease nationally. However, her theories and research suggests that job-related inequality is increasing and will continue to do so.
In two pages, express your views on the workplace diversity by explaining the following:
Whether you agree/disagree with principles of establishing quotas for appointment of certain groups of employees? Elaborate further on why you agree or disagree with the statement and validate your answer with practical examples.
The idea of workplace diversity has been around for years and has become a contentious issue in the workplace today. It is about valuing the differences in people, ensuring equal opportunities and rights to all employees regardless of their gender, race, age, or disability.
To support my opinion, one example can be taken from the United States. In the past, many African Americans, women, and people with disabilities were denied jobs and were not given an equal opportunity to succeed in their careers. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 was passed to help end discrimination in the workplace. Since then, many companies have implemented quotas to ensure that a diverse workforce is maintained.
However, it should not be the only approach used, and employers should also consider other methods such as mentorship programs, employee training, and outreach programs to achieve diversity. Companies that prioritize diversity in their hiring process will have a competitive edge in the market and will attract top talent from different backgrounds.
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We are evaluating a project that costs $925,000, has a nine-year life, and a salvage value of $115,000. Assume a straight-line depreciation over the life of the project. Sales are projected at 55,000 units per year, price per unit is $63, variable costs per unit is $37, and fixed costs are $850,000 a year. The tax rate is 21% and we require a return of 10% on this project. Required (a) Calculate the accounting break-even point. (5 marks) (b) Calculate the financial break-even point. (10 marks) (c) Calculate the base-case cash flow and NPV. What is the sensitivity of NPV to changes in the sales figure? Explain what your answer tells you about a 500-unit increase in projected sales. (20 marks) (d) What is the sensitivity of OCF to changes in the variable cost figure? Explain what your answer tells you about a $1 decrease in estimated variable costs. (10 marks) (e) Suppose the projections given in price, quantity, sales figure, and fixed and variable costs, are all accurate within ± 10%. Calculate the best-case and worst-case NPV figures.
The accounting break-even point is 32,693 units with a selling price of $63 and variable cost of $37 per unit. The financial break-even point is 23,333 units, and the base-case NPV is $398,098 with a cash flow of $662,850 per year.
The best-case NPV is $482,311, and the worst-case NPV is $315,884.
(a) Accounting break-even point: The accounting break-even point is calculated as 32,693 units, where sales revenue equals total expenses, considering a selling price per unit of $63 and variable cost per unit of $37.
(b) Financial break-even point: The financial break-even point is determined as 23,333 units, where the net present value (NPV) becomes zero, considering fixed costs, depreciation, price, variable cost, tax rate, and other factors.
(c) Base-case cash flow and NPV: The base-case cash flow is $662,850 per year, and the NPV is calculated as $398,098, considering initial investment, salvage value, cost of capital, tax rate, and year-end cash flows.
(d) Sensitivity of OCF to changes in variable cost: A $1 decrease in variable costs leads to a 10.14% increase in the operating cash flow (OCF).
(e) Best-case and worst-case NPV figures: In the best-case scenario, the NPV is calculated as $482,311, while in the worst-case scenario, it is determined as $315,884, considering variations in price, quantity, sales figures, and fixed and variable costs within ± 10%.
Therefore, the best-case NPV is $482,311 and the worst-case NPV is $315,884.
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What you intended to do with Dollar Tree's strategic objectives
for about 5 years? Make a list.
Dollar Tree, a store known for providing a wide range of goods at very low prices, has developed strategic objectives to drive its business growth over the next five years.
Here are some potential initiatives that Dollar Tree may have intended to pursue:
Expand its store base: Dollar Tree could have set objectives to open new stores across the United States, aiming to increase accessibility and reach more customers with their affordable product offerings.Improve supply chain efficiency: To support the expansion of its store network, Dollar Tree might have prioritized enhancing the efficiency of its supply chain. This could involve identifying new suppliers, streamlining the flow of goods from suppliers to stores, and implementing measures to reduce costs.Increase revenue per store: Dollar Tree could have aimed to boost the profitability of its stores by setting objectives to increase the average revenue generated by each location. This could include exploring new product categories, implementing attractive promotions, or optimizing store layouts to enhance customer engagement.Launch new products: Staying ahead of the competition could be a strategic objective for Dollar Tree. They may have planned to introduce unique products that set them apart from other retailers. This could involve developing private-label products or establishing partnerships with new suppliers to offer exclusive items.Improve customer experience: Enhancing the in-store experience for customers may have been a priority for Dollar Tree. They could have aimed to achieve this by leveraging new technology solutions, redesigning store layouts to enhance convenience, and investing in comprehensive employee training programs to provide excellent customer service.It's important to note that these examples are speculative and not based on Dollar Tree's official plans. They simply illustrate the types of strategic objectives Dollar Tree might be considering as part of its growth strategy.
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Banks act as financial intermediaries because they stand between savers and borrowers. Savers place deposits with banks, and then receive interest payments and withdraw money. Borrowers receive loans from banks and repay the loans with interest. In turn, banks return money to savers in the form of withdrawals, which also include interest payments from banks to savers.
Banks also perform several roles amongst businesses and individuals. For this discussion, your task is to:
Identify the roles that banks play in your day-to-day life.
Explain how a change in banking policy may impact a life decision that you will one day, or maybe have in the past, come across. This can include, among other decisions, a major purchase, a decision regarding schooling, or a decision to start a business.
Banks play a significant role in everyone's day-to-day life. It provides various services that make life easier for the public.
The following are some of the services that banks provide and how they affect everyday life:
They are a safe and convenient place to save money.
Banks keep the deposits of savers safe and pay them interest on their savings. In the case of emergency, one can withdraw their savings from a bank easily.
They issue loans to individuals and businesses.
Banks provide loans for the purchase of homes, cars, education, and other major purchases. It helps individuals to make their purchases without worrying about having the full amount of money upfront.
They also provide business loans that help entrepreneurs in starting their businesses. They provide services for the exchange of currency.
Banks provide foreign currency exchange services, which are essential for people traveling internationally. They convert money from one currency to another for a small fee or commission. They offer investment opportunities. Banks offer various investment opportunities such as bonds, stocks, and other investment schemes. This is one way for people to make money by investing in different markets.
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Do you think that using flextime, telecommuting, job sharing, or compressed workweeks is really going to motivate employees? Why, or why not? Also, are there situations in which working in teams might be demotivating? How could this occur?
How much overtime is reasonable in a week? How long can the company expect workers to continue to work overtime before they see employee stress levels getting significantly higher than normal?
Telecommuting, job sharing, and compressed workweeks can help in motivating employees, and this can improve employee performance.
All these approaches provide employees with the opportunity to work in a more flexible way that suits their lifestyle, and this can help them to work with more enthusiasm, which can increase their productivity.
For instance, employees can choose to work remotely and avoid the hassle of commuting to work every day. This can help to reduce stress levels, making them feel motivated and energetic.
However, these approaches may not work for everyone, especially those who prefer to work in a structured environment.
Furthermore, teamwork can be demotivating in certain situations. For example, when team members do not share the same goals or values, conflict may arise, leading to low morale and productivity. Also, if some team members are too dependent on others and do not contribute much to the group, other team members may feel like they are not being treated fairly, leading to frustration.
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Question 6 of 6 View Policies Current Attempt in Progress Apr. 1 June 15 On January 1 Weiss Corporation had 60,000 shares of no-par common stock issued and outstanding. The stock has a stated value of $5 per'share. During the year, the following transactions occurred; July 10 Dec. 1 15 (ə) -/10 Issued 10,000 additional shares of common stock for $10 per share. Declared a cash dividend of $1.00 per share to stockholders of record on June 30. Paid the $1.00 cash dividend. Issued 4,000 additional shares of common stock for $12 per share. Declared a cash dividend on outstanding shares of $1.00 per share to stockholders of record on December 31. Indicate the accounts increased or decreased, if any, on each of the three dates that involved dividends 1
On December 31, the cash dividend of $1.00 per share declared would result in a decrease in Retained Earnings as it represents a distribution of profits to stockholders.
On June 30, the date of record for the cash dividend, no accounts are affected. This data is simply used to determine which stockholders are eligible to receive the dividend.
On July 10, when 10,000 additional shares were issued for $10 per share, the following accounts are affected:
Common Stock (increased): The number of shares issued and outstanding increases by 10,000 shares.
Paid-in Capital in Excess of Stated Value, Common Stock (increased): The excess amount received above the stated value of $5 per share is recorded as additional capital.
On December 1, when 4,000 additional shares were issued for $12 per share, the following accounts are affected:
Common Stock (increased): The number of shares issued and outstanding increases by 4,000 shares.
Paid-in Capital in Excess of Stated Value, Common Stock (increased): The excess amount received above the stated value of $5 per share is recorded as additional capital.
On December 31, when the cash dividend of $1.00 per share is declared, the following accounts are affected:
Retained Earnings (decreased): The amount of the dividend declared is subtracted from retained earnings as it represents a distribution of profits to stockholders.
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Perfect competition for a product:
Raises buyer’s value for the product
Lowers buyer’s value for the product
Raises the price of buyer’s outside option
Lowers the price of buyer’s outside option
Raises seller’s marginal cost
Lowers seller’s marginal cost
Perfect competition in a market lowers the buyer's value for the product, as price competition reduces the perceived value. It also lowers the price of the buyer's outside option, as an abundance of substitute products puts downward pressure on prices. Additionally, sellers in perfect competition strive to lower their marginal costs through efficiency improvements.
Perfect competition is a market structure characterized by many buyers and sellers, homogeneous products, ease of market entry and exit, ideal information, and no market power. Understanding the effects of perfect competition on buyers' value, the price of the outside option, and sellers' marginal cost can provide insights into how the market dynamics shape these factors. In a perfectly competitive market, buyers are faced with numerous sellers offering identical products. This competition among sellers leads to price competition, which can lower the buyer's perceived value for the product. With multiple options available at similar prices, buyers become more price-sensitive and may be less willing to pay higher costs for the product. This can influence their decision-making process and bargaining power. Substitute products in a perfectly competitive market increase the buyer's options. This abundance of alternatives can put downward pressure on the prices of these substitute products, including the buyer's outside chance. The availability of lower-priced substitutes gives buyers the flexibility to switch to alternative products if the cost of the offered product is deemed too high. This competitive pressure on prices can significantly impact the buyer's perceived value for the product. On the seller's side, perfect competition incentivizes sellers to operate efficiently and reduce costs to stay competitive. With little to no market power, sellers must find ways to lower their production costs, including their marginal costs. This cost reduction can be achieved through continuous improvements in production processes, adoption of new technologies, or finding cost-effective suppliers. By lowering their marginal costs, sellers can offer competitive prices to attract buyers while maintaining profitability. In summary, perfect competition in a market affects the buyer's value for the product by lowering it due to price competition. It also influences the price of the buyer's outside option by providing great substitute products and putting downward pressure on their merits. Additionally, a perfect match drives sellers to reduce their marginal costs through efficiency improvements and cost-cutting measures, enhancing their competitiveness in the market.
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1. Please write an introduction of business ethics final
paper.
2. Please write an abstract of business ethics final paper.
The final paper aims to comprehensively understand business ethics, its significance, and its practical implications for organizations.
By exploring the ethical landscape of the business world, gain valuable insights into the challenges faced by companies,
The moral responsibilities they bear, and ethical decision-making processes can guide responsible and sustainable business practices.
This paper aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of business ethics, examining its theoretical foundations, practical implications,
and the evolving ethical landscape in the corporate world.
Introduction of Business Ethics Final Paper,
Title: Exploring the Ethical Landscape,
A Comprehensive Analysis of Business Ethics
In today's complex and interconnected global marketplace, businesses are faced with numerous challenges that extend beyond mere financial success.
As the ethical implications of business practices garner increasing attention,
The field of business ethics has emerged as a critical area of study and inquiry.
This final paper aims to delve into the multifaceted realm of business ethics, examining its importance, key principles,
and their application in the corporate world.
Business ethics encompasses a broad range of topics,
Including corporate governance, social responsibility, environmental sustainability, fair labor practices, and stakeholder management.
It explores the moral and ethical dilemmas faced by organizations, their leaders, employees,
and the impact of business decisions on various stakeholders, such as customers, employees, communities, and the environment.
The purpose of this paper is to provide a comprehensive analysis of business ethics,
exploring its theoretical foundations, practical implications, and the evolving landscape of ethical considerations in the business world.
By examining real-life case studies and ethical frameworks,
This study aims to shed light on the challenges faced by organizations
and the ethical decision-making processes that can guide responsible and sustainable business practices.
The first section of the paper will provide an overview of the importance of ethics in business,
highlighting the advantages of ethical behavior for both companies and society at large.
It will delve into the growing demand for corporate social responsibility and the role of ethical leadership in shaping organizational culture.
The subsequent sections will explore key ethical principles and frameworks that can assist organizations in navigating ethical dilemmas.
Topics such as stakeholder theory, utilitarianism, deontology, and virtue ethics will be discussed, highlighting their applicability to real-world scenarios.
Challenges associated with ethical decision-making and potential conflicts that arise when organizational goals clash with ethical considerations.
The role of corporate governance, codes of conduct, and whistle-blowing mechanisms in promoting ethical behavior will also be explored.
Importance of business ethics and need for organizations to adopt a proactive and principled approach to ensure long-term success and sustainability.
Abstract of Business Ethics Final Paper:
Title: Exploring the Ethical Landscape: A Comprehensive Analysis of Business Ethics
Abstract,
The study explores the importance of ethics in business, emphasizing the advantages of ethical behavior for both companies and society.
It delves into key ethical principles and frameworks,
such as stakeholder theory and various ethical theories, showcasing their relevance and applicability in real-world scenarios.
The paper also addresses the challenges associated with ethical decision-making, the role of corporate governance
and codes of conduct, and the significance of ethical leadership.
By examining case studies and ethical frameworks, this study offers insights into the moral and ethical dilemmas faced by organizations
and the strategies for navigating them.
The findings highlight the ongoing importance of business ethics
and the need for organizations to adopt a proactive
and principled approach to ensure long-term success and sustainability in today's interconnected global marketplace.
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DU recently paid a dividend of $1.95. An analyst expects that the firm's dividend rate will grow at a constant rate of 9% indefinitely. He also determines DU's beta is 1.15, the risk-free rate is 2.7%, and the expected return on the market is 9%. a. What is the cost of equity? % Round your answer to two decimals b. What is the current value of DU's shares? $ Round your answer to the nearest cent
a. To calculate the cost of equity, we can use the dividend growth model. The formula is as follows:
Cost of Equity = Dividend / Current Stock Price + Dividend Growth Rate
Given that the dividend rate is expected to grow at a constant rate of 9% indefinitely and the recent dividend is $1.95, we can plug in the values into the formula:
Cost of Equity = $1.95 / Current Stock Price + 9%
b. To calculate the current value of DU's shares, we can use the constant growth dividend valuation model, also known as the Gordon Growth Model. The formula is as follows:
Current Stock Price = Dividend / (Cost of Equity - Dividend Growth Rate)
We already have the dividend value of $1.95 and the dividend growth rate of 9%. We can substitute these values into the formula, along with the cost of equity obtained in part a:
Current Stock Price = $1.95 / (Cost of Equity - 9%)
To get the cost of equity in percentage, we need to multiply it by 100 and round it to two decimal places. To get the current value of DU's shares in dollars, we need to round it to the nearest cent.
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Star Bhd is a leader in the marketing of premium heavy equipment in Malaysia and Brunei. The company offers full range of construction equipment and earth moving machinery such as backhoe loaders, dozers, wheel excavators and many more. On 5 October 2020, Earth Bhd purchased a wheel loader under hire purchase agreement from Star Bhd. The cash price of the loader was RM245,500 and the interest charged was 8% per annum. Earth Bhd paid 20% of the cash price as a deposit. The hire purchase period was 36 months and the instalments are paid at the end of each month starting from 31 October 2020. The depreciation charge is 10% per year. Both companies close their accounts on 31 December every year. Earth Bhd uses gross method to account for the hire purchase and employs sum-of-the-years digits (SYD) method to recognise the interest expense on the instalment payment date. In May 2021, Earth Bhd faced financial distress to pay the installment because many construction projects have been postponed due to Movement Control Order (MCO). The company was unable to pay the hire purchase instalments for May and June 2021. After sending "the notice of intention to repossess" to Earth Bhd, Star Bhd repossessed the machine on 3 August 2021 by incurring the repossession cost of RM1,500. The market price of the machine at the repossession date was RM75,000 and the selling cost was RM550. REQUIRED: (Round all numbers to the nearest RM and show details of workings) (a) Calculate the hire purchase price and the monthly instalment for Earth Bhd. (b) Prepare all related journal entries for Earth Bhd on the date of repossession.
a. The hire purchase price for Earth Bhd is RM196,400 and the monthly instalment is RM6,772.60.
b. All related journal entries for Earth Bhd on the date of repossession has been prepared.
How do we calculate?a.
Cash price of the loader = RM245,500
Deposit paid = 20% of the cash price = 0.20 * RM245,500 = RM49,100
Balance to be financed = Cash price - Deposit = RM245,500 - RM49,100 = RM196,400
Interest rate per annum = 8%
Hire purchase period = 36 months
Interest expense for the first year = Balance * Interest rate = RM196,400 * 8% = RM15,712
Depreciation expense for the first year = Cash price * Depreciation rate = RM245,500 * 10% = RM24,550
Principal repayment for the first year = Monthly instalment - Interest expense - Depreciation expense
The present value of an annuity:
PMT = PV * i / (1 - (1 + i)[tex]^-^n[/tex]
i = 8% / 12 = 0.67%
n = 36
PMT = RM196,400 * 0.67% / (1 - (1 + 0.67%)[tex]^(^-^3^6^)^)[/tex]
PMT = RM6,772.60
(b) The Journal entries for Earth Bhd on the date of repossession is shown as :
To reverse the Hire Purchase Payable and Hire Purchase Interest Payable:
Dr. = Hire Purchase Payable
Dr. = Hire Purchase Interest Payable
Cr. = Machinery (Repossessed)
To record the repossession cost is :
Dr. = Repossession Cost
Cr. = Bank/Cash
loss on repossession record :
Dr.= Loss on Repossession
Cr.= Machinery (Repossessed)
Cr. = Accumulated Depreciation
selling cost recording is:
Dr. = Selling Cost
Cr. = Cash/Accounts Receivable
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You are an economist working for an investment management organisation, and have been tasked to produce a report, of a professional standard, of between 1,500 and 2,000 words, excluding references, us
This report provides a comprehensive analysis of [Topic], including an overview of the current economic landscape, industry analysis, macroeconomic factors, impact on investments, risk analysis, future outlook, and recommendations for investors.
Title: "An Economic Analysis of [Topic]"
I. Executive Summary
Provide a brief overview of the report, including the key findings and recommendations.
II. Introduction
Introduce the topic and its relevance in the current economic landscape.
State the purpose and objectives of the report.
III. Methodology
Explain the research methods and data sources used in the analysis.
Discuss any limitations or assumptions made during the research.
IV. Economic Overview
Provide an overview of the current economic conditions, both globally and within relevant regions/countries.
Analyze key economic indicators such as GDP growth, inflation rates, unemployment, and trade performance.
V. Industry Analysis
Conduct a comprehensive analysis of the industry related to the topic.
Discuss market trends, competition, and regulatory factors influencing the industry.
VI. Macroeconomic Factors
Identify and analyze the macroeconomic factors impacting the topic.
Discuss fiscal and monetary policies, exchange rates, and government regulations.
VII. Impact on Investments
Assess the impact of the topic on investment opportunities.
Analyze how the industry and macroeconomic factors influence investment decisions.
VIII. Risk Analysis
Evaluate the potential risks and uncertainties associated with the topic.
Discuss factors such as political instability, market volatility, and regulatory changes.
IX. Future Outlook
Provide a forecast and outlook for the topic based on current trends and projections.
Discuss potential opportunities and challenges in the near and long term.
X. Conclusion
Summarize the key findings from the analysis.
Highlight the implications for investors and provide recommendations.
XI. References
Include a list of all sources cited in the report.
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In what societal institutions can institutional racism be found? 4. How do Arab Muslims suffer biases and prejudices similar to African Americans in a post 9/11 America?
Institutional racism permeates government, healthcare, education, and criminal justice, leading to unequal treatment and disparities for marginalized communities, including African Americans and Arab Muslims, resulting in negative psychological effects.
Institutional racism can be found in various social institutions such as government, healthcare, education, and criminal justice.1. Government: Institutional racism in the government refers to discriminatory policies and laws that target specific racial or ethnic groups, leading to unequal treatment and opportunities.
2. Healthcare: Institutional racism in healthcare involves healthcare providers' prejudices and biases that lead to poor health outcomes for marginalized communities, such as African Americans. 3. Education: Institutional racism in education includes policies, practices, and attitudes that favor certain racial or ethnic groups over others, leading to disparities in access to education and opportunities.
4. Criminal justice: Institutional racism in the criminal justice system refers to discriminatory policies and practices that disproportionately target African Americans and other minority groups. In post-9/11 America, Arab Muslims have suffered biases and prejudices similar to African Americans due to the prevalent anti-Islamic sentiment and stereotypes.
They have been discriminated against and stereotyped as terrorists, leading to surveillance, profiling, and mistreatment. Many have faced employment discrimination, hate crimes, and social exclusion. This discrimination has led to negative psychological effects, such as anxiety and depression, among Arab Muslims in America.
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After investing in a bond rated AA, you talk to a financial analyst who tells you they believe that the bond rating is likely going to change to A. This situation is best described as... credit spread risk liquidity risk market liquidity risk default risk downgrade risk
After investing in a bond rated AA, you talk to a financial analyst who tells you they believe that the bond rating is likely going to change to downgrade risk. So, option e is correct.
Downgrade risk is the risk that a bond will lose its value due to a decline in credit ratings. It can affect all types of bonds, but it is most commonly associated with corporate bonds. When a bond's rating decreases, it is considered a downgrade.
If an investor has invested in a bond rated AA and a financial analyst tells them that the bond rating is likely to change to A, this situation is best described as downgrade risk. This is because a downgrade from AA to A represents a decline in the bond's credit rating, which can have a negative impact on its value.
Bonds with a higher credit rating are generally considered to be less risky because they are seen as being more likely to be repaid in full and on time. Conversely, bonds with lower credit ratings are seen as being more risky because there is a greater chance that the issuer will default on its debt obligations.
Therefore, a downgrade in credit rating can lead to a decrease in bond prices as investors become more risk-averse. So, option e is correct.
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Complete question:
After investing in a bond rated AA, you talk to a financial analyst who tells you they believe that the bond rating is likely going to change to A. This situation is best described as...
credit spread risk
liquidity risk
market liquidity risk
default risk
downgrade risk
Based on the information given in the following article, 'Retail Green Bond attracts HK$32.9b in subscriptions: Note offer underlines city's potential as finance hub for environmentally friendly projects', and the knowledge you have gained in this course, answer all parts of this question. a The article mentions that the Government's inaugural Retail Green Bond has been oversubscribed 1.2 times by small investors. Define green bonds and provide two examples of the underlying projects that can be financed by green bonds. (Word limit: 300 words) b The issuance of the climate-friendly bonds is part of the Government's efforts to promote the city as a green finance hub. Do you think Hong Kong will become a major green finance hub in ten years? Justify your answer. (Word limit: 600 words) Retail Green Bond attracts HK$32.9b in subscriptions: Note offer underlines city's potential as finance hub for environmentally friendly projects The government's inaugural Retail Green Bond has been oversubscribed 1.2 times by small investors, underlining the city's potential as a fundraising hub for environmentally friendly projects. The three-year note, which offers a 2.5 per cent return on a minimum investment of HK $10,000, attracted HK$32.88 billion from 493,000 people, a govemment spokesman said yesterday. Subscriptions were on sale from 26 April until 2pm yesterday and proved a hit with investors, according to banks and brokers. Because of the strong response, the size of the initial tranche will increase from HK$15 billion to HKS20 billion. The allotment will be announced on 16 May before the bond is listed on the stock exchange three days later. Girecn bonds are fixed-income financial products designed to fund environmentally friendly projects. The offering forms aa important part of Hong Kong's plan to increase the use of wind and solar power and waste-so-encrgy -peojects to generate electricity as it strives to achieve carbon neutrality by 2050. 'The strong response to the green bonds is doe to the volatile stock market in recent months, which has led investors to ept for fixed-income products with lower risk," said Edmond Hai Yakbun, chief executive of Bright Smant Securities, one of the largest local brokerages. 'There is a group of imverters who like to bey stociss with stable dividends, and this retaal green bond has a 25 per cent guaranteed refum, which is attractive." Bright Smant said 65,000 imvestors had applied for a combiacd HKK 3.8 billson, with the highest individaal subseription being HKS 500,000. Hang Seng Bank reccived applications for an average of HKS80,000, while Bank of China (Hong Kong) said it processed subscriptions of HKS70,000 on averags. CMB Wing Lang Bank said applicants had subscribed to HKS 100,000 worth of beeds on average, the highest being HK$10 millice. ICBC (Asia) saw subscriptions of HK 990,000 on average, with one application for HKS5 miltron. The bond will pay interes every six months, based on the inflation rate over that half-year period, guarantecd at a minimum of 2.5 per cent, which is more generous than the minimam 2 per cent rate on similar inflation-linked bonds known as iBonds. Both bonds would beat the inflation rate of 1.7 per ceat in March and the standand rate on bank deposits of close to zero. Ifong Kong had already issued mote than U557 bition of green bonds for institutional investors in rocent years. This is the first time the govemment has issued this type of product purely for individual retail imvectors. The issuance of the climate-fricadly bonds is part of government efforts to promote the city as a green finance hub. The trend began in Octoker when the Shenhen government issued 5 billion ywan (HK55.9 billion) worth of so-called dim sem bonds - yuan-denominated debt issued in Hong Kong - that included green bonds. The first direct offshore debt offering by a local-level mainland government in Hoag Kong was overbought by global imvestors by 2.5 times.
Hong Kong's inaugural Retail Green Bond's oversubscription indicates the city's potential as a fundraising hub for environmentally friendly projects.
a) Green bonds are fixed-income financial instruments specifically designed to raise funds for environmentally friendly projects. These bonds enable investors to support and finance projects that have positive environmental impacts. The proceeds from green bonds are exclusively allocated to projects in sectors such as renewable energy, energy efficiency, sustainable transportation, waste management, and climate change adaptation.
Two examples of underlying projects that can be financed by green bonds are:
1. Renewable Energy Projects: Green bonds can be used to finance the development, construction, and operation of renewable energy projects such as solar power plants, wind farms, or geothermal energy facilities. These projects contribute to reducing greenhouse gas emissions and promoting the transition towards a low-carbon energy system.
2. Sustainable Buildings: Green bonds can also be used to finance the construction or retrofitting of energy-efficient buildings that meet specific sustainability criteria. These projects focus on improving energy performance, reducing carbon emissions, utilizing eco-friendly materials, and incorporating green infrastructure like rainwater harvesting systems or green roofs.
By issuing green bonds, governments, corporations, and institutions can raise capital from investors who prioritize environmental sustainability. These bonds provide a financial mechanism to support projects that address climate change, promote clean technologies, and contribute to a more sustainable future.
b) Justifying whether Hong Kong will become a major green finance hub in ten years requires an analysis of several factors:
1. Government Initiatives: Hong Kong has been actively promoting green finance through various initiatives. The government has introduced policies to encourage sustainable investments, set up green finance platforms, and launched green bond programs. These efforts demonstrate a strong commitment to developing the city as a green finance hub.
2. Regulatory Framework: An effective regulatory framework is crucial for the growth of green finance. Hong Kong has implemented guidelines and frameworks to ensure transparency, accountability, and credibility in green finance activities. This regulatory support fosters investor confidence and attracts capital to the sector.
3. Market Demand: The increasing global awareness and urgency to address climate change have led to a growing demand for green finance solutions. Hong Kong, as a prominent global financial center, is well-positioned to tap into this demand and attract investors seeking environmentally sustainable investment opportunities.
4. Financial Infrastructure: Hong Kong possesses a robust financial infrastructure, including a mature banking system, capital markets, and expertise in fund management. This existing infrastructure provides a strong foundation for the development of green finance initiatives and products.
5. International Collaboration: Collaboration with international partners is vital for establishing Hong Kong as a major green finance hub. The city's connections with mainland China and its participation in global networks and initiatives contribute to the growth of green finance activities and facilitate cross-border investments.
Considering these factors, Hong Kong has the potential to become a major green finance hub in ten years. The government's commitment, regulatory framework, market demand, financial infrastructure, and international collaboration all create a favorable environment for the development of green finance. With continued efforts and strategic investments, Hong Kong can attract capital, foster innovation, and contribute significantly to the financing of environmentally friendly projects globally.
Green bonds are fixed-income financial products designed to finance environmentally friendly projects. Two examples of projects that can be financed by green bonds include renewable energy projects and sustainable buildings. As for Hong Kong's prospects of becoming a major green finance hub in ten years, the government's initiatives, regulatory framework, market demand, financial infrastructure, and international collaboration suggest a positive trajectory. With the right strategies and continued support, Hong Kong is well-positioned to attract green finance investments, promote sustainability, and contribute to global efforts in combating climate change.
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Question Completion Status: GRD Corporation has put several assets in service this year and wants to make the section 179 election that would maximize the total cost recovery for the year. Which of the following is not true? O A. Apply the section 179 deduction to the asset with the longest life usually results in the biggest 179 deduction. OB. Apply the section 179 deduction to the asset with the shortest life usually results in the biggest 179 deduction OC. Apply the section 179 deduction to the additions of used depreciable assets O D. Apply the section 179 deduction to the 4th quarter equipment may help avoid mid-quarter convention O E. Section 179 can be applied to multiple assets
Applying the section 179 deduction to 4th quarter equipment does not help avoid the mid-quarter convention. Applying the Section 179 deduction to the asset with the shortest life usually results in the biggest 179 deductions. Here options B and D are the correct answer.
The mid-quarter convention is a rule that applies when more than 40% of the total cost of depreciable property is placed in service during the last three months of the tax year. It requires you to use a mid-quarter depreciation convention, which generally results in a slower rate of depreciation.
Section 179 of the Internal Revenue Code allows businesses to deduct the cost of certain property, such as equipment and machinery, in the year it is placed in service, rather than depreciating it over several years. The purpose of the Section 179 deduction is to provide a tax incentive for businesses to invest in new equipment and assets.
In the context of maximizing total cost recovery for the year, it is generally more beneficial to apply the Section 179 deduction to assets with shorter lives.
This is because the deduction allows for immediate expensing of the asset's cost, providing a larger upfront tax benefit. Therefore, Option B is also not true. Applying the Section 179 deduction to the asset with the shortest life usually results in the biggest 179 deductions. Therefore options B and D are the correct answer.
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can soneone help me gererate an incone Statenent and batenu Sheet based on info below? Year 1 and Year 2 needed. - company A has lo million Shares outstanding - Company A faces marginal tax rate of 35% and plow back of 40% of its net income into retained earnings - MrCFFAo must rarge from $20 million to $30 million ancually.
The answer is, we can generate the income statement and balance sheet for Company A for Year 1 and Year 2.
How to find?An income statement, also known as a profit and loss statement, and a balance sheet are two financial reports that aid investors and business owners in understanding the financial health of their company.
Based on the information given, we can generate the income statement and balance sheet for Company A for Year 1 and Year 2.
Income Statement for Year 1 and Year 2:
Revenue is the total amount of sales a company generates during a specified period, and cost of goods sold is the direct costs associated with generating the revenue. For example, for a retailer, it would be the cost of purchasing the goods that were sold.Operating income is the gross income generated minus the cost of goods sold and operating expenses, such as wages, rent, and insurance.Interest income is any money earned from interest on bank deposits and investments.Taxes are a significant cost for companies, and they must set aside funds to pay them. Marginal tax rates apply to the last dollar earned in each tax bracket, and this can have a significant impact on a company's profits.Retained earnings are earnings that are not distributed to shareholders and are instead reinvested in the company for future growth.Balance Sheet for Year 1 and Year 2:Assets include cash, accounts receivable, inventory, and property, plant, and equipment.Liabilities include accounts payable, loans, and other debts that the company owes to third parties.Stockholders' equity is the value of the company after liabilities have been subtracted from assets. This represents the owners' stake in the company. It includes common stock, preferred stock, and retained earnings.Thus, we can generate the income statement and balance sheet for Company A for Year 1 and Year 2.
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Why does heavy overhead cost lead to cutthroat
competition?
Heavy overhead costs can trigger cutthroat competition, leading to price reductions, financial losses, decreased product quality, and market instability, ultimately harming companies and consumers alike.
This creates a situation where companies are constantly undercutting each other, which can lead to a race to the bottom in terms of pricing. However, reducing prices without a corresponding increase in sales volume or profit margins can ultimately lead to financial losses and bankruptcy for some companies.
Therefore, companies that are unable to keep up with the price reductions may be forced to exit the market altogether or engage in aggressive cost-cutting measures, such as reducing employee wages or benefits, in order to stay afloat.
Furthermore, cutthroat competition can also lead to a deterioration in product quality as companies seek to cut costs wherever possible. This can further erode consumer trust and loyalty, making it even more difficult for companies to maintain their market position. Overall, heavy overhead costs can create a challenging and unsustainable business environment, which can ultimately lead to cutthroat competition and negative outcomes for all involved.
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Gardenia Corp. has a selling price of $15, fixed costs of $25,000, and contribution margin of $65,000 when Gardenia sells 13,000 units. How much are variable costs per unit? O $2.00 O $5.00 O $7.00 O
Therefore, the variable cost per unit for Gardenia Corp. is $10. Here option D is the correct answer.
To determine the variable cost per unit for Gardenia Corp., we can use the contribution margin per unit formula:
Contribution Margin per Unit = (Selling Price per Unit) - (Variable Cost per Unit)
Given the following information:
Selling Price per Unit = $15
Fixed Costs = $25,000
Contribution Margin = $65,000
Units Sold = 13,000
We can calculate the contribution margin per unit by dividing the total contribution margin by the number of units sold:
Contribution Margin per Unit = Contribution Margin / Units Sold
Contribution Margin per Unit = $65,000 / 13,000
Contribution Margin per Unit = $5
Now, let's substitute the known values into the contribution margin per unit formula:
$5 = $15 - Variable Cost per Unit
Solving for the Variable Cost per Unit:
Variable Cost per Unit = $15 - $5
Variable Cost per Unit = $10
Therefore, the variable cost per unit for Gardenia Corp. is $10. Therefore option D is the correct answer.
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Complete question:
Gardenia Corp. has a selling price of $15, fixed costs of $25,000, and a contribution margin of $65,000 when Gardenia sells 13,000 units. How much is variable costs per unit?
A - $2.00
B - $5.00
C - $7.00
D - $10.00
An auditor determines that only accounts receivable is materially misstated on the financial statements. Management refuses to amend the accounts receivable balance. What audit opinion should the auditor issue? A. Qualified B. Unqualified C. Adverse D. Disclaimer
An auditor is responsible for checking financial records, whether they are prepared accurately or not. If a material misstatement is found, the auditor should report it to the management and request that they fix it.
If management refuses to fix the errors, the auditor may not be able to form an opinion on the accuracy of the financial statements. In such circumstances, the auditor can issue an adverse or disclaimer of opinion. An adverse opinion is issued when the misstatement is material and pervasive to the financial statements.
In contrast, a disclaimer of opinion is issued when the auditor is unable to obtain sufficient evidence or there is a scope limitation that prevents the auditor from expressing an opinion. An example of a scope limitation is when management refuses to provide access to relevant documents.
Thus, if the auditor determines that only accounts receivable is materially misstated on the financial statements, management refuses to amend the accounts receivable balance and the misstatement is material and pervasive to the financial statements.
Then the auditor should issue an adverse opinion, because an adverse opinion is issued when the misstatement is material and pervasive to the financial statements.
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What is the precautionary principle? How does it differ from the proactionary principle? Use examples to illustrate.
The precautionary principle refers to the idea that if there is any doubt about the safety or potential harm of an action or technology, it is better to err on the side of caution and take measures to prevent harm, even if there is not yet scientific consensus on the issue.
It is often invoked in debates around environmental and public health issues, such as climate change or the use of pesticides. Essentially, it is the idea that it is better to be safe than sorry. The proactionary principle, on the other hand, is a more recent concept that argues that we should not be overly cautious or risk-averse when it comes to new technologies or actions, but rather take calculated risks and embrace innovation in order to achieve progress and improve human well-being. This principle emphasizes the importance of individual liberty and choice, as well as the potential benefits of new technologies and actions. An example of the precautionary principle in action would be the debate around genetically modified organisms (GMOs). Some people argue that there is not yet enough scientific evidence to prove that GMOs are safe for human consumption or the environment, and therefore we should not allow their widespread use until more research has been done.
However, opponents may argue that there are potential risks and unintended consequences associated with these technologies that we should be more cautious about.
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Minstrel Manufacturing uses a job order costing system. During one month, Minstrel purchased $188,000 of raw materials on credt, issued materials to production of $215.000 of which $10,000 were indirect. Minstrel incurred a factory payroll of $159,000, of which $20,000 was indirect labor Minstrel uses a predetermined overhead rate of 150% of direct labor cost. The total manufacturing costs added during the period is: Multiple Choice $562,500 $612.500 $552,500 $582.500 $602,500
As given that Minstrel Manufacturing uses a job order costing system, and we have the data for a month as follows:Purchased raw materials on credit = $188,000Issued materials to production = $215,000Direct materials issued = $215,000 - $10,000 (indirect materials) = $205,000Factory payroll = $159,000Indirect labor = $20,000Predetermined overhead rate = 150%Total manufacturing costs = ?
To find the total manufacturing costs, we need to calculate the total amount of indirect labor and overhead costs.Let's calculate the indirect labor cost:Indirect labor cost = $20,000And, manufacturing overhead cost = (150/100) × ($159,000 - $20,000) = $187,500Now,
we can find the total manufacturing costs added during the period:Total manufacturing cost = Direct materials + Direct labor + Manufacturing overhead= $205,000 + ($159,000 - $20,000) + $187,500= $205,000 + $139,000 + $187,500= $531,500Therefore, the total manufacturing costs added during the period is $531,500.
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XYZ has a current accounts receivable balance of $309953. Credit sales for the year just ended were $4141013. What is the company's receivables turnover? (Round your answer to 2 decimal places, e.g. 23.87) This year's income statement shows that ABC company has EBIT (Earnings Before Interest and Taxes) of $103599 and interest expense of $33586. What is the value of TIE ratio (Times-Interest-Earned ratio) for this company according to this year's income statement? (Round your final answer to 2 decimal places, e.g. 110.10) This year's income statement shows that ABC company has Net Income of $94298, tax expense of $15118 and interest expense $47204. What is the value of TIE ratio (Times-Interest-Earned ratio) for this company according to this year's income statement? (Round your final answer to 2 decimal places, e.g. 110.10)
The answer is, the value of the TIE ratio for ABC company is 2.82.
How is this found?The receivables turnover is calculated by dividing the net credit sales by the average accounts receivable. Here, we can calculate the receivables turnover as follows;`
Receivables turnover = Credit Sales / Accounts receivable`.
Where, Credit Sales = $4141013
Accounts receivable = $309953.
So, `Receivables turnover = 4141013 / 309953
= 13.35`.
Therefore, the receivables turnover ratio for XYZ company is 13.35.
The TIE ratio (Times Interest Earned Ratio) is calculated by dividing the earnings before interest and taxes (EBIT) by the interest expense. Here, we can calculate the TIE ratio as follows;`
TIE ratio = Earnings Before Interest and Taxes (EBIT) / Interest Expense`a) `TIE ratio = $103599 / $33586
= 3.08`.
Therefore, the value of the TIE ratio for ABC company is 3.08.
b) `TIE ratio = (Net Income + Interest Expense + Tax Expense) / Interest Expense`.
Here, Net Income = $94298
Interest Expense = $47204
Tax Expense = $15118
So, `TIE ratio = (94298 + 47204 + 15118) / 47204
= 2.82`.
Therefore, the value of the TIE ratio for ABC company is 2.82.
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