Answer: 0N; the rope will remain stationary
Explanation: Connexus
Net force applied on the rope is 0 N and the rope will stay stationary.
What is force?An object's push or pull is seen as exerting a force. The interaction of the objects produces push and pull. You can also use words like stretch and squeeze to describe force.
The definition of force in physics is: The push or pull on a mass-containing item changes its velocity.
Given that:
One student pulls to the left with a force of 35 N.
Another student pulls to the right with a force of 35 N.
Hence, these forces act in opposite direction.
Net force applied on it = 35 N - 35 N = 0 N.
So, the net force of zero newton being applied to the rope, and the rope remains stationary.
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Hot air is less dense than cold air. Could a hot-air balloon be flown on the moon, where there is no atmosphere?.
A hot-air balloon be flown on the moon, buoyancy force wouldn't exist because there isn't any cold air to replace it.
What is density?
Density: Solid substance mass per unit volume M stands for mass and V for volume, and the formula for density is d = M/V. Grams per cubic centimetre is the unit of density that is most frequently used.
What is gravity?
The ratio of a substance's density (mass per unit volume) to a given reference material, frequently a liquid, is known as its specific gravity. The density of a substance (g/mL) equals the specific gravity of water at the same temperature (g/mL).
What is buoyancy ?
Buoyancy is the tendency of an object to float in a fluid. When there is gravity present, an upward force known as the buoyant force is felt by any object submerged in a liquid or gas. Pressure differences acting on an object's opposing sides cause buoyancy when it is submerged in a static fluid.
The buoyancy force wouldn't exist because there isn't any cold air to replace it.
Therefore, Could a hot-air balloon be flown on the moon, buoyancy force wouldn't exist because there isn't any cold air to replace it.
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imagine you are a photon of light. how long would it take you to travel from one edge of our galaxy to the opposite side?
The time taken to travel from one edge of our galaxy to the opposite side for a photon of light is 36.5 * [tex]10^{6}[/tex] days
v = d / t
v = Velocity
d = Distance
t = Time
Distance from one edge of our galaxy to the opposite side = 100,000 light years
1 light year = 9.46 * [tex]10^{12}[/tex] km
100,000 light years = 9.46 * [tex]10^{17}[/tex] km
Speed of light = 300,000 km / s
t = d / v
t = 9.46 * [tex]10^{17}[/tex] / 300,000
t = 3.15 * [tex]10^{12}[/tex] s
t = 8.76 * [tex]10^{8}[/tex] hr
t = 36.5 * [tex]10^{6}[/tex] days
Therefore, the time taken to travel from one edge of our galaxy to the opposite side is 36.5 * [tex]10^{6}[/tex] days
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Imagine a girl climbing a rope ladder to ride a zip line. It takes effort for her to get to the top of the ladder, but the she zips to the ground with ease. She travels down easily because she has stored energy. What's your guess about where this energy came from?
Answer:
See below
Explanation:
The energy is her Potential Energy acquired by her doing work against gravity to climb up the rope ladder to the height of the zip line start.
if an object is rolling without slipping, what is the relationship between the linear speeds of the top point of the object, the center of the object, and the bottom point where the object contacts the ground?
The relationship between the linear speeds of the top point of the object, the center of the object, and the bottom point where the object contacts the ground
v_CM = ωR
What do you understand by rolling motion?
In order for two objects to come into touch with one another without sliding, optimal conditions must exist. This is where rolling comes into play. Rolling is a sort of motion that combines rotation and translation of the object with regard to a surface. Pure rolling is referred to as rolling without sliding.
As the wheel rolls on the ground, let's assume that the entire wheel is moving, and the wheel's centre of mass is moving at a certain speed, v_CM.
Each point along the wheel's edge will have a velocity v determined by the formula:
v = v_rot + v_CM
in the frame of reference of the ground.
The point is currently at rest in relation to the ground if the wheel is not slipping with regard to it.
The v_rot and v_CM vectors are anti-parallel, horizontal, and have a sum of zero at the point in touch with the ground.
v = v_rot + v_CM
0=v_rot + v_CM
v_rot = v_CM
Relationship between the centre of mass's speed and angular velocity for rolling without slipping:
v_CM = ωR
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A student moves a box of books by pulling on a rope attached to a box. The student pulls with a force of 185n horizontally. The box has a mass of 35. 0kg, and the coefficient of kinetic friction between the box and the floor is 0. 27. Find the acceleration of the box.
The box's acceleration is 2.75m/s².
What is equilibrium force and an illustration?It is said that an equilibrium is stable when small, externally induced displacements from it result in forces that have a tendency to oppose the displacement and bring the body or particle back to the equilibrium state. A brick placed flat on the ground or a weight suspended by a spring are two examples.
Given,
F = 185 N is the amount of force that the student applied
Horizontal is at an angle of θ = 25°
Mass of box = 35kg
Between the box and the floor, there is a kinetic friction coefficient of
µ = 0.27
The equilibrium of forces is the foundation for the presented issue. We also need to find the equation of motion for the force's horizontal and vertical components in order to solve the problem. So,
Across the horizontal axis,
Tcosθ - µN = ma (1)
The forces acting in the vertical direction are,
N + Tsinθ = mg
N = mg - Tsinθ (2)
Replace (1) with the value of equation (2) as,
Tcosθ - µ( mg - Tsinθ) = ma
a = Tcosθ - µ( mg - Tsinθ)/m
The applied force, T = F = 185 N, causes the tension force on the rope.
fixing as,
a = 185×cos25× -(0.25)×35×9.8+((185)sin25)/35
a = 2.75m/s².
Consequently, we can say that the box's acceleration is a = 2.75m/s².
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Waves pass energy through matter ,but not space. True or false?
an inductor is connected in series to a fully charged capacitor. which of the following statements are true? check all that apply. an inductor is connected in series to a fully charged capacitor. which of the following statements are true?check all that apply. as the capacitor is charging, the current is increasing. the stored electric field energy can be greater than the stored magnetic field energy. the stored electric field energy can be equal to the stored magnetic field energy. the stored electric field energy can be less than the stored magnetic field energy. as the capacitor is discharging, the current is increasing.
Option B. the stored electric field energy can be greater than the stored magnetic field energy. An inductor is connected in series to a fully charged capacitor.
An inductor, additionally known as a coil, choke, or reactor, is a passive-terminal electric issue that stores electricity in a magnetic field whilst electric modern flows through it. An inductor normally includes an insulated twine wound into a coil.
An inductor is a passive digital element that's able to store electrical power in the form of magnetic electricity. basically, it uses a conductor this is wound into a coil, and while power flows into the coil from the left to the proper, this will generate a magnetic subject in the clockwise direction.
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What is the heat generated by a resistor of 25 Ω that has a current of 5 amps when hooked up to a 125 V source flowing through it for 5 days?
The heat produced by a resistor is 1.134 × 10⁹ Calorie.
What is resistor?A resistor is an electrical component that controls or restricts how much electrical current can pass across a circuit in an electronic device. A specified voltage can be supplied via resistors to an active device like a transistor.
Given parameters:
Resistance of the resistor; R = 25 Ω.
Current; I = 5 amp.
Voltage; V = 125 V.
Time; t = 5 days = 5×24×60×60 second =432000 second.
We have to find; the heat generated by a resistor; q = ?
We know that, the heat generated by a resistor; q = I²Rt Joule.
= 5² × 25 × 432000 Joule.
= 2.7 × 10⁸ Joule.
= 4.2 × 2.7 × 10⁸ Calorie.
= 1.134 × 10⁹ Calorie.
Hence, heat generated by a resistor is 1.134 × 10⁹ Calorie.
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suppose the sun's gravity were switched off. the planets would leave their orbits and fly away in straight lines as described by newton's first law. (assume the mass of the sun is 1.99 1030 kg, the orbital radius of jupiter is 7.78 1011 m, and the orbital radius of saturn is 1.43 1012 m.)
Jupiter can never be farther from the sun than Saturn if the mass of the sun is 1991030 kg, the orbital radius of Jupiter is 7781011 m, and the orbital radius of Saturn is 1431012 m.
Fc = m v² / r
Fg = G M m / r²
Fc = Centripetal force
Fg = Gravitational force
m = Mass of planet
v = Linear Velocity of planet
r = Orbit radius
G = Gravitational constant
M = Mass of sun
Fc = Fg
G M m / r² = m v² / r
v² = G M / r
M = 1991030 kg
G = 6.67 * [tex]10^{-11}[/tex] N m² / kg²
v² = G M / r
For Jupiter,
r = 7781011 m
vj² = 6.67 * [tex]10^{-11}[/tex] * 1991030 / 7781011
vj² = 1.17 * [tex]10^{-11}[/tex]
vj = 3.42 * [tex]10^{-6}[/tex] m / s
For Saturn,
r = 1431012 m
vs² = 6.67 * [tex]10^{-11}[/tex] * 1991030 / 1431012
vs² = 9.28 * [tex]10^{-11}[/tex]
vs = 9.63 * [tex]10^{-6}[/tex] m / s
vs > vj
Therefore, Jupiter can never be farther from the sun than Saturn
The given question is incomplete. The complete question is :
Suppose the sun's gravity were switched off. the planets would leave their orbits and fly away in straight lines as described by newton's first law. (assume the mass of the sun is 1991030 kg, the orbital radius of Jupiter is 7781011 m, and the orbital radius of Saturn is 1431012 m. Would Jupiter ever be farther from the Sun than Saturn?
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Kelley is playing pool and hits the cue into the nine ball, which is directly in the center of the pool table. The nine ball travels a total of 7 meters before stopping, 1 meter to the left of the initial starting point of the nine ball. Which sentence reflects the correct statement regarding distance and displacement when considering the motion of the nine ball?.
The distance is 7m while the displacement is 1m. Option A
What is the displacement?We know that the displacement is defined as the distance that is covered in a specified direction. We must note that there are two kinds of quantities that we have in physics and these are the vectors and the scalars. The vectors are the quantities that have both magnitude and direction while the scalars are the quantities that have magnitude but do not have direction.
Now we know that when we are dealing with the vectors that we must be able to consider the direction of the vector in question. This is not important when we are dealing with a scalar.
Now, distance is a vector and displacement is a scalar hence we must be able to consider the direction as we deal with the displacement of the ball.
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1. A man walks on a straight road from his home to market 2.5 km away with a speed of 5km/h. Finding the market closed, he instantly turns and walks back home with a speed of 7.5 km/h. The average speed of the man over the interval of time 0 to 40 min is equal to :
A) 5 km/h
B) 25/4 km/h
C) 30/4 km/h
D) 45/8 km/h
What is the correct term for rising water vapor meeting colder air and turning back into water droplets?.
Condensation is the correct term for rising water vapor meeting colder air and turning back into water droplets.
Condensation is the exchange of the country of matter from the fuel section into the liquid section and is the opposite of vaporization. The word most often refers to the water cycle.
Condensation is the method thru which the bodily country of remembering adjustments from the gaseous phase into the liquid phase. for instance, condensation occurs whilst water vapor (gaseous shape) inside the air changes into liquid water whilst it comes in contact with a cooler surface.
If gaseous water vapor cools down sufficiently, it will flip lower back into a liquid - that's known as condensation. it's precisely the alternative to evaporation! while the clearly cold floor of an aluminum can comes into touch with the water vapor within the air, it cools some of them down enough to show them lower back into liquid.
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eeping the mass at 1.0 kg and the velocity at 10.0 m/s, record the magnitude of centripetal acceleration for each given radius value. include units.
The centripetal acceleration for radius 2.0 m = 50 m/s²
The centripetal acceleration for radius 4.0 m = 25 m/s²
The centripetal acceleration for radius 6.0 m = 16.67 m/s²
The centripetal acceleration for radius 8.0 m = 12.5 m/s²
The centripetal acceleration for radius 10.0 m = 10 m/s²
What is Centripetal acceleration?An object that moving in a circle and has an acceleration vector pointing towards the center of the circle is called centripetal acceleration.
a₀ = v²/r
Where, a₀ = Centripetal acceleration
v = velocity of the object
r = radius of circular path
Given,
m = 1 kg
v = 10 m/s
r = 2.0 m, 4.0 m, 6.0 m, 8.0 m, 10.0 m
Now,
a₀₁ = 10²/2
a₀₁ = 50 m/s²
a₀₂ = 10²/4
a₀₂ = 25 m/s²
a₀₃ = 10²/6
a₀₃ = 16.67 m/s²
a₀₄ = 10²/8
a₀₄ = 12.5 m/s²
a₀₅ = 10²/10
a₀₅ = 10 m/s²
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The complete question is as follows:
"Keeping the mass at 1.0 kg and the velocity at 10.0 m/s, record the magnitude of centripetal acceleration for each given radius value. Include units. Radius: 2.0 m 4.0 m 6.0 m 8.0 m 10.0 m Acceleration: Radius factor: Acceleration factor:"
a disk is to be rotated around an axis perpendicular to its face. we can place the axis through the center or through a point on the rim of the disk. how will the rotational inertia of the first choice compare with the rotational inertia of the second choice?
In such a motion, the rigid body rotates along a fixed axis that is parallel to a fixed plane.
In other words, with respect to an inertial frame of reference, the axis is stationary and does not move or change direction. I=jmjr2j, where mj is the mass of the point particle and rj is its distance from the rotation axis, is the moment of inertia for a system of point particles revolving about a fixed axis. The angle of rotation is the angle at which an object revolves (turns) around a given point. Constant angular speed rotation is the most basic type of rotation around a fixed axis. The total torque then becomes zero.
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Use the simulation to answer the question.
Force and Motion Basics (select Acceleration)
What happens to the acceleration when the net applied force acting on the box increases?
(1 point)
O It becomes zero.
O It decreases.
O It remains the same.
O It increases.
Answer:
it increases
Explanation:
The saying is "Money can buy happiness, but research finds that in the United States those who earn more than
amount.
O $92,000
O $55,000
O $40,000
O $75,000
Save Answer
per year are not measurably happler than those who earn below that
Answer:
$92,000
Explanation:Happiness starts from within.
The United States those who earn more than amount is $92000. Hence option 1 is correct.
What is happiness?Happiness is defined as an emotional condition characterized by emotions of happiness, pleasure, and satisfaction. The following three things have an impact on happiness: meaningful relationships with other people. preserving a nice hobby or workplace. assisting individuals in need or the community.
People who place a higher value on time than money are generally happier than those who do not think that having more time is preferable to having more money, according to a UCLA research of 4,400 Americans. In a six-month experiment, those who received $10,000 financial transfers generally felt happier than those who did not.
Thus, the United States those who earn more than amount is $92000. Hence option 1 is correct.
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What is the expected ratio of free-hanging earlobes to attached earlobes in the offspring
The expected ratio of free-hanging earlobes to attached earlobes in the offspring is 1:2.
How to illustrate the ratio?The diagram depicts a Punnett square used to predict the earlobe shape of two parents' offspring. The capital A represents free-hanging earlobes, while the lowercase a represents attached earlobes.
The Punnett square is a square diagram used to predict genotypes of a specific cross or breeding experiment. It is named after Reginald C. Punnett, who invented it in 1905. Biologists use the diagram to calculate the likelihood of an offspring having a specific genotype.
In this case, the genotype rato based on the attached diagram is 1:2.
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A roller coasters accelerates from an initial velocity of of 6.0 m/s to a final velocity of 70 m/s over 4 seconds. What's the acceleration?
16 m/s² is the acceleration when a roller coasters accelerates from an initial velocity of of 6.0 m/s to a final velocity of 70 m/s over 4 seconds.
a=(v-u)/t
a=acceleration=?
v= final velocity = 70m/s
u=initial velocity = 6m/s
t=time= 4 second
a=(v-u)/t
a=(70-6)/4
a=16 m/s²
The rate at which an item changes its velocity is known as acceleration, a vector variable. If an object's velocity is changing, it is accelerating. A moving object can occasionally alter its velocity by the same amount every second. a moving object that changes its speed by 10 m/s per second. Since the velocity is changing by a fixed amount every second, this is known as a constant acceleration. It is important to distinguish between an item with a constant acceleration and one with a constant velocity. Be not deceived! An object is accelerating if its velocity is changing, whether by a fixed amount or a variable quantity. Additionally, a moving item with a constant speed is not accelerating.
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Determine the force P on the cable if the spring is compressed 0.5 in. when the mechanism is in the position shown. The spring has a stiffness of k = 800 lb/ft. Determine the magnitude of the gripping forces produced when two 50-lb forces are applied as shown.
The force P on the cable if the spring is compressed 0.5 in with a stiffness of k = 800 lb/ft is 46.91 lb
k = Fe / δ
k = Stiffness of spring
Fe = Force on spring
k = 800 lb / ft = 6.67 lb / in
δ = 0.5 in
Fe = k δ
Fe = 6.67 * 0.5
Fe = 33.33 lb
At joint A,
∑ MA = 0
( - Bx * 6 ) + ( - By * 6 ) + ( 33.33 * 30 ) = 0
Bx + By = 166.67 → ( 1 )
At joint D,
∑ MD = 0
( - By * 6 ) + ( P * 4 ) = 0
By = 0.067 P → ( 2 )
∑ Fx = 0
- Bx + FCD cos 30° = 0 → ( 3 )
At joint B,
∑ MB = 0
( - FCD sin 30° * 6 ) + ( P * 10 ) = 0
FCD = 3.33 P
Sub FCD in ( 3 ),
- Bx + 3.33 P cos 30° = 0
Bx = 2.8867 P
Sub Bx and By in ( 1 ),
2.8867 P + 0.667 P = 166.67
P = 46.91 lb
Therefore, the force P on the cable if the spring is 46.91 lb
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First, find the magnitude of v⃗ , that is, the speed v of the two-car unit after the collision.
The magnitude of v⃗ is {sqrt(m1v1)2+(m2v2)2/ m1+m2}, that is, the speed v of the two-car unit after the collision.
What is collision?In physics, collisions occur when particles, aggregates of particles, or solids come close to each other, interact and affect each other. Collisions are of three types Fully elastic collision, inelastic collision and Perfectly inelastic collision. Multiply the mass of the second object by its velocity. For example, if the weight is 1,000 and the speed is -30 meters per second, then its momentum is 30,000 kg meters per second. Add the two velocities together to determine the direction the object will move after a collision. So the formula for determining the size of a vector (in 2D space) is v = (x, y).|v| = √(x2 + y2). This formula is derived from the Pythagorean theorem. The formula V = (x, y, z) that determines the size of a vector (in 3-dimensional space) is:|V| = √(x2 + y2 + z2)To learn more about collision from the given link :
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Find the magnitude of the sum
of these two vectors:
BI
16.3 m
7.70 m
A
27.8°
20.0°
The magnitude of the sum of these two vectors is 23.95 m.
What is the sum of the vectors?The sum of the vectors is the resultant vector obtained by resolving the vectors into x and y component.
the horizontal component of the vector (x) = v cosθ
the vertical component of the vector (y) = v sinθ
where;
v is the vectorθ is the directionFor the first vector;
x = 16.3 m x cos(27.8) = 14.42 m
y = 16.3 m x sin(27.8) = 7.6 m
For the second vector;
x = 7.7 m x cos(20) = 7.24 m
y = 7.7 m x sin(20) = 2.63 m
Net horizontal and vertical vector;
∑x = 14.42 m + 7.24 m = 21.66 m
∑y = 7.6 m + 2.63 m = 10.23 m
The magnitude of the sum of these two vectors is calculated as;
v = √(∑x² + ∑y²)
v = √(21.66² + 10.23²)
v = 23.95 m
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which of the following springs (described by its spring constant) has the shortest period when attached to a 100 g mass?
-400 N/m spring constant has the shortest period when attached to a 100 g mass
F=800 N
x=2 m
F=kx
k=F/x
k=800 N/2 m
k=-400 N/m
The spring constant is the amount of force required to restore a spring to its initial shape after each unit of extension. This indicates that if we know the spring constant, we can easily calculate the amount of force needed to bend the spring. The reason is because if we exert more force on the spring than it can withstand, SHM will no longer be possible. N/m is its unit (Newton per meter). As a spring's length grows, less power is required to bring it to equilibrium, and vice versa.
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a force of 80 newtons is applied to two different objects. it causes object A to accelatate at 20m/s2 , and object B to accelarate at 40 m/s2
A force of 80 newtons is applied to the combined masses.acceleration of the system is =40/3 or 13.33 metre/sec².
what is acceleration?acceleration, rate at which velocity changes with time, in terms of both speed and direction. A point or an object moving in a straight line is accelerated if it speeds up or slows down. Motion on a circle is accelerated even if the speed is constant, because the direction is continually changing.
acceleration of object A= FORCE APPLIED ÷ MASS OF A
=80÷ mass of A
mass of A = 80÷ acc of object A
mass of A= 80÷20=4kg
mass of A = 4kg
acc of object B = force applied ÷ mass of B
mass of object B =force applied ÷ acc of object B
mass of object B=80÷40=2kg
mass of object B =2Kg
when same force is applied to the combined system of 4kg and 2kg then acceleration of the combined mass is = force applied ÷ total mass
=80÷[4+2]
=80÷6
=40÷3
=13.333 metre/sec²
acc of the combined system is 13.333 metre/sec²
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A 200 N object is resting on a surface with a s = 0.15. A person pushes horizontally with a force of 20 N. Calculate the magnitude of the force of friction.
30 N is the magnitude of the force of friction.
F=μN
μ= 0.15
N= 200 N
F=200 N×0.15
F=30 N
In mechanics, a force is any action that seeks to preserve, modify, or deform a body's motion. Isaac Newton's three principles of motion, which are outlined in his Principia Mathematica, are frequently used to illustrate the idea of force (1687).
Newton's first law states that unless a force is applied to a body, it will stay in either its resting or uniformly moving condition along a straight path. According to the second law, when an external force applies on a body, the body accelerates (changes velocity) in the force's direction.
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trevor starts his motorcycle to go for a ride. if he accelerates at 10 m/s2 over a distance of 80m, how fast is he going if he started at rest?
He is going at the velocity of 40m/s even though he started at rest.
What is acceleration?
Acceleration is the rate at which velocity changes with respect to both speed as well as distance. If an object speeds up or down and is moving in a straight line, then the object is said to be accelerated. In a circular motion, the speed remains constant but the body is accelerated as the direction keeps on changing. The SI Unit is meter per second m/s2
Acceleration= 10m/s2
Initial velocity= 0m/s as the body started at rest.
Distance = 80 m
v2= u2+ 2aS
= 02+ 2 10 80
= 1600
v= 40m/s
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consider the motion of a particle in which the position is given as X=3t-3t².what is the average speed at t1=1s and T2=3s
The average speed of a particle in the position X=3t-3t² is 18m/s
What is the average speed at t₁ = 1s and t₂ = 3s?At the position X = 3t - 3t²
t₁ = 1s = X = 3(1) - 3(1)²
X = (3 x 1) - (3 x 1²)
X = 3 - 3 = 0m
At t₂ = 3s = X = 3(3) - 3(3)²
X = (3 x 3) - (3 x 3²)
X = 9 - 27 = -18m
Displacement, Δx = X₂ - X₁
= -18 - 0 = -18m
The change in time would then be
Δt = t₂ - t₁
= 2 - 1 = 1
The Average velocity can be calculated by dividing the change in displacement by the change in time, Vₐ = Δx/Δt
Vₐ = -18m/1s = -18m/s
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Pls help I’ll give BRAINLIEST!
Answer:
Yes. Producers are the basis of all food webs, for if there weren't any producers, there wouldn't be any food web whatsoever. The role of producers is the building block of food webs. They start out as not needing any other organism to be dependent of, then get consumed to form such a food web, whether it's in the ocean, in a jungle, or in the Arctic.
Explanation:
Answer: The producers play the main role in the food web .
Explanation:
Only producers have the ability to make food by trapping sunlight. Consumers require this energy because they cannot make it on their own. This energy is passed own throughout the individual food chains which make up the food webs. All these organisms provide energy for all other trophic levels ( organisms called consumers that consume (eat) other organisms for energy). that come above them. So there producers are considered as the basis of all food webs
the chemists' blank is another name for the periodic table
The chemist's guide or encyclopedia is another name for the periodic table.
What is periodic table?
Periodic table is a tabular arrangement of elements in the form of a table. In the periodic table, elements are arranged according to the modern periodic law which states that the properties of elements are a periodic function of their atomic numbers.
It is called as periodic because properties repeat after regular intervals of atomic numbers . It is a tabular arrangement consisting of seven horizontal rows called periods and eighteen vertical columns called groups.
Elements present in the same group have same number of valence electrons and hence have similar properties while elements present in the same period show gradual variation in properties due to addition of one electron for each successive element in a period.
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Uv rays are a type of ""ionizing radiation"" and are energetic enough to damage biological tissue such that they degrade into ions and electrons. What other forms of electromagnetic radiation do you think could be ionizing?.
The other forms of electromagnetic radiation you think could be ionizing are x-rays and gamma rays.
Ionizing radiation, including nuclear radiation, consists of subatomic debris or electromagnetic waves which have sufficient strength to ionize atoms or molecules by using detaching electrons from them.
Electromagnetic radiation consists of waves of the electromagnetic subject, which propagate thru an area and deliver electromagnetic radiant electricity. It includes radio waves, microwaves, infrared, light, ultraviolet, X-rays, and gamma rays. All of those waves form part of the electromagnetic spectrum.
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For the common emitter amplifier below, calculate the small signal gain Av=vo/v (from the transistor base to the output node), the input resistance Rm. the output resistance R, and the overall voltage gain G.=vo/vs (from the voltage source to the output node). Assume that the capacitors act as AC shorts and that the transistor?s r0 is infinite (can be neglected). Note, you can use the small signal parameters that you solved for in Problem
In amplifiers, the coupling and bypass capacitors appear to be shorts to ac at the mid band frequencies.
At low frequencies the capacitive reactance, XC, of these capacitors affect the gain and phase shift of signals, so they must be taken into account.
[tex]\alpha =\frac{1}{2\pi f}[/tex]
At lower f, the internal capacitances have a very high Xc like opens and have no effect on the transistor’s performance. However, as the frequency goes up (at high f), the internal capacitive reactances go down and they have a significant effect on the transistor’s gain and also it introduces a phase shift; it has the inverse effect to the coupling capacitor.
Miller’s theorem states that C effectively appears as a capacitance from input to ground is as given below-
[tex]Cin= C(A+1)[/tex]
[tex]Cout=\frac{CA +C}{\alpha }[/tex]
This shows the effective input and output capacitance.
Critical frequency is given as -
[tex]\alpha = \lim_{n \to \infty} a_n[/tex]
= 10 log(0.5)
=-3dB
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