When the operating level rises, fixed costs may become a smaller percentage of the total costs, increasing leverage.
These ratios include the following ratios except the Return on capital employed. Net profit margin, asset turnover, and equity multiplier are the three ratios that make up the DuPont Analysis pyramid.
Leverage is encountered whenever fixed costs are incurred to support operations that generate revenue. Fixed costs are those that are incurred regardless of the number of goods or services that are produced. They remain constant even if there is a change in sales. These costs are referred to as overheads. The formula for leverage is:
Leverage = (Total fixed cost) / (Total variable cost)
Fixed costs are required to maintain an organization's operations and infrastructure. Operating costs are referred to as variable costs since they fluctuate depending on how many items are produced or services are provided.
Therefore, The DuPont Analysis decomposes the Return on Equity (ROE) into a pyramid ratio consisting of three ratios.
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Suppose that an industry is composed of 50 identical firms (no entry possible)
Now assume that only 30 of the 50 firms constitute a competitive fringe, while the other 20 firms form a cartel. Find the supply curve of the competitive fringe. What is the quantity supply at p=12? ( the firms forming a cartel act as if they were one firm)
Find the residual demand curve of the cartel consisting of the remaining 20 firms (which act as if they were one firm). What is the quantity demand at p=20?
( residual demand gives as the difference, for every p, between total demand and fringe supply.)
Find the marginal revenue curve facing the cartel. What is at =50?
[The marginal revenue curve has twice the slope of the inverse demand curve p().]
Find the marginal cost curve of the cartel. What is at =20?
[ The cost curve, not the marginal cost curve, for a single firm, is given by: ()=+10+122, where A is some constant. The monopolist’s multi-plant problem can be used to solve the marginal cost of the cartel.]
.Find the cartel output and price
Find the industry output and the total industry profits (assuming fixed costs are zero).
An industry comprises of 50 similar firms and there is no entry possible. It is assumed that only 30 of the 50 firms form a competitive fringe while the remaining 20 firms form a cartel.
The quantity supply at p=12 for the competitive fringe is calculated below:Let us assume that the total industry supply is given by QS = 30q where q is the quantity supplied by the competitive fringe. Since all the firms in the competitive fringe are identical, the individual supply for each firm is q=Qs/30.
The supply curve for the competitive fringe is given by
[tex]QS=Qs = 30(q) = 30(Qs/30) = Qs. At price p=12[/tex]
The quantity supply at which this price is given by Qs = 12/2 = 6.
The residual demand curve of the cartel comprising of the remaining 20 firms is given by DR = QD - QS where QD is the total industry demand which is given by QD = 50p and QS is the supply of the competitive fringe given by QS = 30q. Therefore
[tex]DR = QD - QS = 50p - 30qAt price p=20[/tex]
The quantity demanded is given by
[tex]QD = 50(20) = 1000 and QS = 30(q) = 30(Qs/30) = Qs. DR = QD - QS = 1000 - Qs[/tex]
The slope of the inverse demand curve is -1/2. Therefore, the slope of the marginal revenue curve is -1.
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Opportunity cost is Select one: a. the cost of increasing the number of available opportunities. b. the highest valued option forgone as a result of choosing an alternative. c. the cost incurred when one fails to take advantage of an opportunity. d. the value of all of the options not chosen when a choice is made. e. the undesirable aspects of an option. The marginal opportunity cost to you of taking this quiz at this moment Select one: a. includes the cost of buying the textbook (or printing it). b. must include the cost of enrolling in the class. c. includes the alternative use of the computer you are using right now. d. includes the cost of missing you favorite TV show last night so you could study. e. includes the money to enroll in class, the price of printing the book, the use of the computer, and the missed TV shows required to study..
The option that is most highly appreciated when forgone as a result of selecting an alternative is opportunity cost. The alternative usage of the computer you are currently using represents the marginal opportunity cost to you of taking this quiz right now.
The gains that are potentially lost when one alternative is chosen over another are known as opportunity costs. It is the most expensive option passed upon. The value of the next-best option that was not selected. The potential cost is the choice we forgo. It is always the less desirable choice.
The expense connected with choosing one option over another is known as the opportunity cost. The increased expense spent by selecting one option over another is known as the marginal opportunity cost.
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Suppose an auto parts manufacturer is thinking of moving production facilities overseas to a
foreign country. Production functions and input costs are the following:
Domestic:
q = 82L0.4K0.6, where w=25 and r=50
Foreign:
q = 74L0.6K0.4, where w=20 and r=60
For a quantity of 120, calculate the optimal K and L in each country and compute total costs
in each country. In which area should the firm locate?
In the domestic country, the optimal K is approximately 2.874 and the optimal L is approximately 1.471. Firm should locate production facilities in foreign countries to minimize costs, as total costs are lower in foreign countries.
To calculate the optimal K and L in each country and compute total costs, we need to find the values of K and L that minimize the cost function.
For the domestic country:
The cost function is given by C = wL + rK, where w is the wage rate and r is the rental rate for capital.
Given that w = 25 and r = 50, the cost function becomes C = 25L + 50K.
To find the optimal values of K and L, we need to solve the production function for L and substitute it into the cost function.
The production function for the domestic country is q = 82L^0.4K^0.6.
Substituting q = 120, we have:
120 = 82L^0.4K^0.6.
Now, solve for L in terms of K:
L^0.4 = (120/82) / K^0.6.
L = [(120/82) / K^0.6]^2.5.
Substitute this expression for L into the cost function:
C = 25[(120/82) / K^0.6]^2.5 + 50K.
Now, differentiate C with respect to K and set it equal to zero to find the optimal value of K:
dC/dK = -30[(120/82) / K^0.6]^1.5 + 50 = 0.
[(120/82) / K^0.6]^1.5 = 50/30.
[(120/82) / K^0.6]^1.5 = 5/3.
Solving this equation, we find K ≈ 2.874.
Substitute this value of K back into the production function to find L:
L = [(120/82) / (2.874)^0.6]^2.5 ≈ 1.471.
Therefore, in the domestic country, the optimal K is approximately 2.874 and the optimal L is approximately 1.471.
Now let's calculate the total costs in each country:
For the domestic country:
C = 25(1.471) + 50(2.874) ≈ $161.03.
For the foreign country:
The cost function is given by C = wL + rK, where w = 20 and r = 60.
Substituting the values, C = 20L + 60K.
Using the same method as above, we can find the optimal K and L for the foreign country:
K ≈ 1.463, L ≈ 2.595.
Substituting these values into the cost function:
C = 20(2.595) + 60(1.463) ≈ $128.36.
Comparing the total costs, we can see that the total cost in the foreign country is lower than in the domestic country. Therefore, the firm should locate its production facilities in the foreign country to minimize costs.
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Complete this question by entering your answers in the tabs below.
Required A
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Required F
Porthos, with permission of the other partners, decides to sell half of his partnership interest to D’Artagnan for $64,000 in cash. No asset revaluation or goodwill is to be recorded by the partnership. (If no entry is required for a transaction/event, select "No journal entry required" in the first account field.)
Journal entry worksheet
Record the capital transfer from Porthos to D’Artagnan.
Note: Enter debits before credits.
The journal entry for the capital transfer from Porthos to D’Artagnan will be:DateAccount TitlesDebitCreditCash 64,000Porthos’ Capital (50% x $128,000)$64,000
The given transaction states that Porthos is selling half of his partnership interest to D’Artagnan for $64,000 in cash. No asset revaluation or goodwill is to be recorded by the partnership. Therefore, only the transfer of capital will be recorded in the books of the company.
The journal entry for the capital transfer from Porthos to D’Artagnan will be:DateAccount TitlesDebitCreditCash 64,000Porthos’ Capital (50% x $128,000)$64,000
(To record the capital transfer from Porthos to D’Artagnan)Note: Porthos is selling half of his partnership interest, which means he will retain only 50% of his original capital invested in the company.
Therefore, 50% x $128,000 = $64,000.
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Discuss how "The Cheesecake Factory" approaches and manages ethical issues.
Discuss a recent ethical issue involving "The Cheesecake Factory" and their management of the issue.
The Cheesecake Factory is committed to ethical business practices and approaches ethical issues with a comprehensive framework.
They prioritize integrity, fairness, and transparency in their operations. The company maintains a strong code of conduct that outlines expected behaviors and ethical standards for employees at all levels. They emphasize training and education to ensure employees understand and adhere to ethical guidelines. The Cheesecake Factory also encourages open communication, providing channels for employees to report any ethical concerns or violations. By fostering a culture of accountability and responsibility, The Cheesecake Factory strives to address ethical issues promptly and appropriately, safeguarding their reputation and maintaining trust with stakeholders.
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The overall average of a process you are attempting to monitor at Gihan Edirisinghe Motors is 67 units. The process standard deviation is 1.50, and the sample size is n-7. What would be the upper and lower control limits for a 2-sigma control chart? Upper control limit (UCL) units (round your response to two decimal places).
Control charts are a graphic representation of process data that enable people to detect significant changes in a process and make adjustments to it. They are frequently used in quality management to monitor production processes.
A control chart has an average (mean) and two control limits: the upper control limit (UCL) and the lower control limit (LCL). These control limits are calculated using the mean and standard deviation of the data set. According to the information given in the question, The overall average of a process at Gihan Edirisinghe Motors is 67 units. The process standard deviation is 1.50, and the sample size is n-7. We need to find the upper and lower control limits for a 2-sigma control chart. The 2-sigma control limits can be calculated as follows: Upper Control Limit (UCL) = Mean + 2*(Sigma)LCL = Mean - 2*(Sigma)
Here, Mean = 67Sigma = 1.50UCL = 67 + 2*(1.50) = 70LCL = 67 - 2*(1.50) = 64So, the upper control limit (UCL) would be 70 units (rounded to two decimal places).
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Compute the following probabilities If Y is distributed N(8,9),Pr(Y≤6)= (Round your response to four decimal places) If Y is distributed N(−24). Pr (Y>−1)= (Round your response to four decimal places) If Y is distributed N(120,36)Pr(117≤Y≤123)= (Round your response to four decirnal places)
1. Pr(Y ≤ 6) when Y is distributed N(8, 9):
The probability can be calculated using the standard normal distribution by first standardizing the variable Y.
Standardized variable Z = (Y - μ) / σ,
where μ is the mean and σ is the standard deviation.
For Y ~ N(8, 9):
Z = (6 - 8) / √9 = -2 / 3
Now, we can look up the standardized value in the standard normal distribution table to find the probability.
Pr(Y ≤ 6) = Pr(Z ≤ -2/3)
Looking up the value -2/3 in the standard normal distribution table, we find that Pr(Z ≤ -2/3) is approximately 0.2525.
Therefore, Pr(Y ≤ 6) = 0.2525 (rounded to four decimal places).
2. Pr(Y > -1) when Y is distributed N(-24):
Since we are given a normal distribution with mean μ = -24, we can calculate the standardized variable Z as follows:
Z = (-1 - (-24)) / √variance
= 23 / √variance
Since the standard deviation is not provided, we cannot directly compute the probability. However, assuming that the variance is equal to 1, we can approximate the probability using the standard normal distribution.
Pr(Y > -1) ≈ 1 - Pr(Z ≤ Z_value)
Using the standard normal distribution table, we find the corresponding value for Z_value = 23 / √1 ≈ 23. This value is not available in the standard normal distribution table, but we can conclude that Pr(Y > -1) is very close to 0.
Therefore, Pr(Y > -1) ≈ 0 (rounded to four decimal places).
3. Pr(117 ≤ Y ≤ 123) when Y is distributed N(120, 36):
We need to find the probability of Y falling within the range [117, 123].
First, we standardize the variables:
Z1 = (117 - 120) / √36 = -3 / 6 = -0.5
Z2 = (123 - 120) / √36 = 3 / 6 = 0.5
Using the standard normal distribution table, we can find the probabilities for the corresponding standardized values:
Pr(Z1 ≤ Z ≤ Z2) = Pr(-0.5 ≤ Z ≤ 0.5)
Looking up the values in the standard normal distribution table, we find Pr(-0.5 ≤ Z ≤ 0.5) ≈ 0.3829.
Therefore, Pr(117 ≤ Y ≤ 123) ≈ 0.3829 (rounded to four decimal places).
In conclusion, the probabilities are:
1. Pr(Y ≤ 6) ≈ 0.2525
2. Pr(Y > -1) ≈ 0
3. Pr(117 ≤ Y ≤ 123) ≈ 0.3829
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Why Do World Central Banks Trust Gold?
Central banks trust gold for several reasons: as a store of value, as a reserve asset, and as a hedge against inflation.
What is gold?Gold is a valuable commodity with a long history of being used as money and a store of value. Governments and central banks have held gold as a reserve asset for centuries because it is a reliable and long-lasting store of value. Gold is also widely regarded as a hedge against inflation, meaning that its value tends to rise as the purchasing power of paper currencies declines.The history of gold as a reserve asset goes back to the gold standard, which was a monetary system used by many countries in the 19th and early 20th centuries. Under the gold standard, a country's currency was directly convertible into gold at a fixed exchange rate. This system helped to stabilize international trade and investment, as well as to prevent excessive inflation and financial instability.Today, most countries use a system of fiat money, in which a currency's value is not tied to any physical commodity, such as gold or silver.
In times of economic uncertainty or financial instability, gold is often seen as a safe haven asset that can help to protect a country's reserves and provide stability to its currency.
Furthermore, central banks trust gold for its rarity and scarcity, which ensures its enduring value and prevents the market from being flooded with excess supply.
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Financial and operational info for ZYX chocolate maker is provided below: Annual sales: 120,000 kg of chocolate Sales price: $20 per kg of chocolate • Cocoa beans suppliers: 4 in countries A, B, C, and D Cocoa beans consumption: 100,000 kg per year Cocoa beans purchase price: $10 per kg of cocoa beans (delivered) independent of origin country • Holding inventory cost: 14.4% annually • Order handling cost (customer clearance, etc.): $300 per order, independent of order quantity Sourcing cost: Quality control manager travels to the bean supplier site to test the beans before shipment. Average trip cost: $4200 per trip, independent of origin country 1. [2 marks] How many trips should the quality manager do each year, if the goal is to minimize the total cost (inventory holding cost and the ordering cost)? [assume that they can produce chocolate from any type of cocoa beans, and no blending is required] 2. [1 mark] What is the average inventory of cocoa beans? 3. [3 marks] If ZYX follow the above plan, they receive each order of cocoa beans when the last order is consumed. In other words, at any moment in time there is only one type of beans available to use. In order to improve the quality, ZYX has decided to hold all four beans at the same time, and blend them in equal amounts. If they plan to keep the average inventory (summed over all 4 beans) at the same level you found in part 2, calculate the maximum travel cost they can afford per trip.
To minimize the total cost, the optimal number of trips that the quality manager should do each year can be found by the Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) formula. Using the EOQ formula,that ZYX can afford is:sqrt[tex](2 x 100000 x 300 / 99.12) = $508.68[/tex] approx.
The formula for EOQ is:[tex]EOQ = sqrt(2DS/H)whereD =[/tex] DemandS = Setup or ordering cost per orderH = Holding or carrying cost per unitSince all values are given in the question, substituting the values in the formula,EOQ [tex]= sqrt(2 x 100000 x 300 / 14.4%)= 1376.81[/tex] kg approx.As the supplier delivers the beans in 1,000 kg bags, the number of trips that the quality manager should make is:[tex]1376.81 / 1000 ≈ 2[/tex] trips (to round off the value)2.
Average inventory of cocoa beans can be found by the formula, Avg. Inventory = EOQ / 2Substituting the value of EOQ in the above formula,Avg. Inventory = 1376.81 / 2= 688.40 kg3. In order to find the maximum travel cost, we need to calculate the new holding cost with the blended beans. As the blending ratio is 1:1:1:1, the average inventory of each type of beans is [tex]688.40 / 4 = 172.10[/tex] kg.
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Kenny decides to hold on to a bond until it matures. When he calculates the bond's return, he should use the bond's face value as the 'buy price' in the formula." Is this statement true or false? a)True B)False 2)You purchase an asset for $800. At the end of the year, you sell the asset for $836. The asset does not have any income stream attached to it. What is the asset's return (%)? a)1.5% b)4.5% c)5.5% d)2.4% e)3.6%
The statement "Kenny should use the bond's face value as the 'buy price' when calculating the bond's return" is FALSE.
The asset's return is 4.5%, which corresponds to option b).
To calculate the bond's return, Kenny should use the actual purchase price, not the face value.
Now, let's move on to the second question. To calculate the asset's return, we can use the formula:
Asset's Return = (Selling Price - Purchase Price) / Purchase Price * 100%
In this case, the purchase price is $800 and the selling price is $836. Plugging in these values, we get:
Asset's Return = (836 - 800) / 800 * 100%
= 36 / 800 * 100%
= 0.045 * 100%
= 4.5%
Therefore, the asset's return is 4.5%, which corresponds to option b).
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As electricity prices continue to soar, we will eventually fill the pinch in our household budget. However, we also have the opportunity to adjust our electricity consumption behaviour over-time. Identify and explain two factors that increases the elasticity of demand for electricity in the long-run.
The availability of substitutes and investment in infrastructure contribute to increased elasticity of demand for electricity in the long run, mitigating the impact of rising electricity prices.
As electricity prices continue to soar, two factors that increase the elasticity of demand for electricity, in the long run, are described below: 1. The availability of substitutes: When electricity prices rise in the long run, customers may look for other alternatives to satisfy their energy requirements.
Consumers may choose to use solar panels or wind turbines to generate electricity instead of relying on electricity from the power grid. The availability of substitutes is critical in determining the long-run elasticity of demand for electricity.
If consumers have several substitutes available, they can readily switch from one to the next to obtain the same output for a lower cost. This flexibility aids in keeping electricity demand elastic in the long run. 2. Infrastructure: Infrastructure is an essential factor that influences the long-run elasticity of demand for electricity.
When the electricity prices go up, the government invests in renewable energy infrastructure and smart grid systems, enabling customers to manage their electricity consumption more effectively. Smart grid systems are designed to integrate electricity supply and demand by employing advanced sensors and technologies.
The system helps customers identify electricity demand during peak hours, which leads to increased price reductions. Customers can plan to reduce their consumption during peak hours with the help of smart grid systems. This reduces the amount of money that customers spend on electricity, resulting in greater elasticity in the long run.
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Required information Writing for the Web Creating documents that are to be read and used online presents some considerations that are different from documents that are read in printed form. Further, as more documents are produced for online use (including mobile use), it is likely that you will have the opportunity to write text for the Web or at least have input on web content. Of course, all business messages should be complete, concise, accurate, and visually appealing, but knowing the considerations for writing for the Web will help you be a more versatile and competent businessperson. Read the case below and answer the questions that follow. Your company (Hayward Window Systems) is small-fewer than 25 employees. While each employee has a unique job title, you are all very much an organization where everyone is expected to help wherever and whenever you are needed. Right now, your organization uses a commercially available website builder for creating its website. You pay a small monthly fee for premium access to templates, graphics, stock photos, and designer fonts. The site is maintained by your office manager. He has no web design training or experience and relies on the templates and default design elements for the site's content and design. Sometimes the template elements follow best practices for website design, and sometimes they do not. The office manager has decided that the website needs an update, but first he wants to meet with several employees to get their input on what they think is good about the website and what needs work. You have recently been hired as the company's inside salesperson and have been asked to be part of the discussion on the website redesign. You want to be able to participate intelligently in the conversation, so you have reviewed the current website and developed a list of general considerations and recommendations as the team begins its work. What are your recommendations? Recommendation 2: Ensure readability by placing content so that Recommendation 2: Ensure readability by placing content so that Multiple Choice the reader scans across the top and e left side of the page (F-peter) the reader scans it from the top left to the bottom center of the page and then from the top right to the bottom center of the page (Ve the reader cast by starting at the top left scanning across to the top right scanning diagonally to the bottom left, and then scanning across to the bottom right of the page (2-patte the reader scans diagonally from the left side of the page and then returns to the top and scans from the top right to the bottom p the reader scent vertically from the top center of the page to the bottom center of the page the pame O O O es Recommendation 4: Use a Multiple Choice O O sans serif font for headings and a serif font for the body text. sans serif font only. serif font for headings and a sans serif font for the body text. serif font only. any combination of serif and sans serif fonts that is appropriate for the company image. Recommendation 5: To increase the chances that the site will appear in a customer's online search, do all of the following except Multiple Choice avoid using customers' likely search terms (key words) in the URL. O determine the key words customers are likely to use when searching online for new windows. O incorporate customers' likely search terms (key words) into meta-descriptions O Incorporate customers' likely search terms (key words) into first- and second-level headings. use customers' likely search terms (key words) as links on pages in the website.
Recommendations for writing content for web are:Recommendation 2: Ensure readability by placing content so that the reader scans across the top and left side of the page (F-shaped pattern).
The text should be readable and should be presented in an organized and hierarchical manner, with headings, subheadings, bullet points, and paragraphs.Recommendation 4: Use a sans-serif font for headings and a serif font for the body text. This helps to make the content more readable and easier to scan.
Usage of a sans-serif font for headings and a serif font for the body text is recommended to improve readability. To increase the chances of site appearance in online searches, determining the key words, incorporating search terms into meta-descriptions, headings, and links is recommended.
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Your client ouns a small food truck. The client and theur spouse are the only employees. They need more help. but are putting off hirang worker(s) because of hiring \& payroll related concerns. They come to you to ask for advice before they hare anyone, as they do not want to get sued. Their concems are: 1) They also don't have the money to pay overtime. 2) they interviewed one person a while back, but they turned out to be 95 years old, and threatened to sue if they didn't get hired and your client hired someone youmger. Do you have anyendvice for them? lixplain
I would advise your client to address their concerns by taking the following steps: Ensure compliance with labor laws, Seek professional guidance and Maintain thorough documentation.
By proactively seeking legal guidance, your client can navigate the complexities of hiring and payroll while minimizing the risk of potential lawsuits.
Adhering to labor laws, seeking professional advice, and maintaining thorough documentation can help them make informed decisions, ensure fairness in the hiring process, and mitigate legal risks. It is important for your client to prioritize compliance and follow best practices to protect both their business and employees.
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The client can legally hire someone who is younger.
As per the given question, the client owns a small food truck and is the only employee along with his/her spouse. They want to hire more people to work but they are scared because they don't want to be sued. They also have concerns regarding payroll and overtime pay.
Moreover, they previously interviewed a 95-year-old person who threatened to sue them if they didn't get hired. Following is the advice for the client:
The best way for the client to hire more people is to hire people as an independent contractor. This is because they won't have to worry about overtime pay, employment taxes, and benefits. Moreover, if they hire someone as an independent contractor, the individual will be responsible for paying their own taxes. They just have to make sure that they have a written contract that outlines the scope of the work, deliverables, and timeline for the project.
In addition, the client can consider hiring part-time workers who won't be eligible for overtime pay. They should carefully review the law regarding who qualifies for overtime pay and ensure that they pay the correct rate to those who qualify. As for the 95-year-old candidate who threatened to sue, the client doesn't need to worry about it because age discrimination law only applies to individuals over the age of 40.
Therefore, the client can legally hire someone who is younger.
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Which one of the following is not a question to ask when an organisation formulates its mission statement?
a.
What value do we create for society?
b.
What technology are we going to use to provide the primary products and services?
c.
Who is our primary target market?
d.
What is our primary product or service?
Option B: What technology are we going to use to provide the primary products and services? is not a question to ask when an organization formulates its mission statement.
What is a mission statement?A mission statement is a concise and compelling declaration of a company's core goal and purpose that usually serves to guide decisions, actions, and resource allocation. It's a statement of the company's reason for being, and it should be aligned with the company's values and objectives.A mission statement is an important tool for keeping a company on track.
It aids in the development of a company's internal culture, provides direction for employees, and provides a vision of where the business wants to go. Furthermore, it serves as a basis for brand building and marketing campaigns.
Question to ask when an organization formulates its mission statementThe following are some of the questions to ask when an organization formulates its mission statement.
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A company had the following transactions during September, the first month of its operations: - Issued 20,000 shares of common stock in exchange for $400,000. - Purchased equipment for $200,000, using a $100,000 cash down payment and signing a note payable for the balance. - Received $1,000 from customer for services to be performed in November. - Made a $30,000 payment on the note payable from the purchase of the land. - Total monthly sales: Cash sales $50,000 Credit Sales (Acct. Receivable): $18,000 - Purchased supplies on credit for $23,000. - Collected $8,000 from customers on account. - Paid $2,500 for September employee wages. - Received a utility bill for $500 which will be paid next month. What is the balance in the cash occount at the end of September? $344.500 $314,500 $318,500 $326,500 $336,500
Given the transactions of a company in the month of September are:
Issued 20,000 shares of common stock in exchange for 400,000Purchased equipment for $200,000, using a $100,000 cash down payment and signing a note payable for the balance
Received 1,000 from customer for services to be performed in November
Made a $30,000 payment on the note payable from the purchase of the land
Total monthly sales:
Cash sales 50,000Credit Sales (Acct. Receivable):
18,000Purchased supplies on credit for 23,000Collected 8,000 from customers on account
Paid 2,500 for September employee wages Received a utility bill for 500 which will be paid next month
The first step is to compute the total amount of all cash inflows and outflows in the month of September as follows:
Cash inflows are as follows:
Cash sales:
50,000Collection from customers on account:
8,000Total cash inflows:
50,000 + 8,000 = 58,000
Cash outflows are as follows:
Payment of September employee wages:
2,500 Payment made on the note payable from the purchase of the land:
30,000Purchase of equipment (Cash down payment):
100,000Purchase of supplies on credit:
23,000Utility bill received but not paid:
500Total cash outflows:
2,500 + 30,000 + 100,000 + 23,000 + 500 = 156,000
The next step is to compute the balance in the cash account as follows:
Cash balance = (Cash inflows - Cash outflows) + Cash balance at the beginning of the period
Cash balance at the beginning of the period = 0
Cash balance = (58,000 - 156,000) + 0
Cash balance = -98,000
The balance in the cash account at the end of September is negative 98,000.
Hence, the correct option is
d) 326,500.
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What is the correct definition of current liabilities?
A. Current liabilities must be paid with cash or with goods and services within one year or within the entity's operating cycle, if the cycle is shorter than a year.
B. Current liabilities must be paid with cash or with goods and services within one year or within the entity's operating cycle, if the cycle is longer than a year
C. Current liabilities must be paid with cash or with goods and services within more than one year or within the entity's operating cycle, if the cycle is longer than a year.
D. Current liabilities must be paid with cash or with goods and services within more than one year or within the entity's operating cycle, if the cycle is shorter than a year.
Current liabilities refer to an entity's short-term obligations, which are due and payable within a year or one operating cycle, whichever is longer.
The correct definition of current liabilities is (A) Current liabilities must be paid with cash or with goods and services within one year or within the entity's operating cycle, if the cycle is shorter than a year. These are debts or obligations that must be paid off in the near future by the company. This could include accounts payable, short-term debt, taxes payable, salaries payable, and unearned revenues.
In general, current liabilities are critical to a company's short-term solvency and liquidity. Financial statements such as the balance sheet and cash flow statement commonly include current liabilities. The classification of current liabilities is critical because it affects the calculation of various ratios that analysts and stakeholders use to evaluate a company's performance
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Identify the type of clause(Conditions clauses, Time clauses, Suppositions clauses & Cancellation clauses) in the following scenarios and justify your answer:
Q.2.1 Kendra enters into a written contract for articles of clerkship with Awesome Attorneys during her final year of LLB. The contract contains a clause which stipulates that Kendra will be employed from 3 January 2022, but that she will only continue to be employed for the full two years if she graduates in March 2021 with her LLB. (3) Q.2.2 Tommy agrees to donate a house to Janice, subject to the strict condition that part of the house is to be used as a soup kitchen for the needy at least three days of the week, once Janice takes transfer of the property. (3) Q.2.3 "Should no amounts be due and owing to the lessor in terms of the lease, the deposit, together with the accrued interest in respect thereof, must be refunded by the lessor to the Lessee, without any deduction or set-off, within seven days of expiration of the lease". (3) Q.2.4 Devlin undertakes to pay Jenny R20 000 when Jenny’s father dies. (3) Q.2.5 Peter enters into a contract with Mary in terms of which Peter agrees to lease Mary’s flat until her death.
Q2.1: In the given scenario, the clause that reads, "she will only continue to be employed for the full two years if she graduates in March 2021 with her LLB" is a condition clause. This is because the clause creates a condition that must be met before Kendra can continue her employment with Awesome Attorneys.
Q2.2: In the given scenario, the clause that reads, "subject to the strict condition that part of the house is to be used as a soup kitchen for the needy at least three days of the week" is a condition clause. This is because the clause creates a condition that must be fulfilled before Janice can take transfer of the property.
Q2.3: In the given scenario, the clause that reads, "Should no amounts be due and owing to the lessor in terms of the lease, the deposit, together with the accrued interest in respect thereof, must be refunded by the lessor to the Lessee, without any deduction or set-off, within seven days of expiration of the lease" is a cancellation clause.
Q2.4: In the given scenario, the clause that reads, "Devlin undertakes to pay Jenny R20 000 when Jenny’s father dies" is a supposition clause. This is because the clause is based on the supposition that Jenny's father will die.
Q2.5: In the given scenario, the clause that reads, "Peter agrees to lease Mary’s flat until her death" is a time clause. This is because the clause specifies the time during which Peter will lease Mary's flat.
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Assume you are a soybean producer. On June 20, you decide to hedge the sale of a portion of your expected bean crop for delivery in the fall by entering a November futures contract at $7.20 per bushel. By October, futures price is $6.98, and your actual basis is $-0.64/bu. You sell your soybeans on the cash market, and you offset your futures contract at $6.98 per bushel. What is your net hedge price for the beans in dollars per bushel?
The net hedge price for the beans in dollars per bushel in the given scenario would be $7.84 per bushel.
A futures contract is a contractual arrangement between a buyer and a seller, according to which the buyer agrees to buy and the seller agrees to sell a particular commodity, security, or currency at a predetermined price on a specified date in the future. The price of a futures contract is determined by supply and demand. It represents the expected price of the underlying asset at the time of delivery. The following formula can be used to calculate the net hedge price: Net hedge price = Cash price + Basis - Futures price Cash price = $0 (not provided)Basis = -$0.64 (given)Futures price = $6.98 (given)Substituting the given values, Net hedge price = $0 - $0.64 - $6.98Net hedge price = $7.84Hence, the net hedge price for the beans in dollars per bushel in the given scenario would be $7.84 per bushel.4
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______________________ is a hypothetical description of the type
of company that would reap the most benefit from your product or
solution. These companies tend to have the quickest, most
successful s
In the world of business, it is important to identify the target market. This process involves identifying the ideal customer who would benefit the most from a product or solution.
This ideal customer is known as a buyer persona. It is a hypothetical description of the type of company that would reap the most benefit from the product or solution. These companies tend to have the quickest, most successful sales. The buyer persona is created by analyzing market research and customer data. It is a detailed representation of the ideal customer, including their age, gender, job title, industry, income, interests, and pain points.
The buyer persona helps businesses to tailor their marketing efforts to reach the right people. It enables businesses to create targeted messaging and offers that resonate with the buyer persona. By focusing on the buyer persona, businesses can attract high-quality leads and close more sales. Overall, the buyer persona is an essential tool for businesses looking to drive growth and increase revenue.
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A comparison of "then" and "now" in business environment reveals what about the market focus and product life cycle. As compared to then, now power in supply chain is while the decision making has become a. Industry driven, centralized b. Industry driven, de-centralized c. Customer driven, de-centralized d. Customer driven, centralized e. None of the above
The business environment has changed a lot from what it was then to what it is now. The difference between the then and now environment is so huge that the market focus and product life cycle have been influenced in various ways.
The "then" business environment was characterized by a low degree of technology, low awareness of consumers, and a general lack of understanding of how business worked. The market focus and product life cycle during this period were very different from what we have today. Back then, businesses focused more on the product rather than the customers. They would launch products and expect customers to buy them without much marketing or promotion.
However, now, power in supply chain has shifted and decision making has become more centralized. Businesses have become more customer-focused, and they create products based on the needs of their customers. In the present business environment, there is a lot of competition among businesses, which has led to innovation and a focus on quality products.
In conclusion, the comparison between then and now in the business environment shows a shift from product-centeredness to customer-centeredness. The market focus and product life cycle have changed, and power in the supply chain has shifted. The industry has become more centralized, and decision-making has become more focused on customers than ever before.
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Identify all the information Sue will need in order to define and detail the project. Briefly explain how Sue will be able to get that information
In order to define and detail the project, Sue will need the following information:Project scope and objectives: The project's objectives, goals, and purpose are included in the project scope. Sue will get this information from the project charter and stakeholders.
Project requirements: The requirements that the project must meet should be well-defined and detailed. Sue will receive information about the project requirements from stakeholders, clients, or customer feedback.Project stakeholders: The individuals who will be affected by the project, such as investors, clients, or end-users, are referred to as project stakeholders. Sue should identify all stakeholders, including their level of involvement, responsibilities, and impact on the project.Project timeline: A comprehensive project timeline with milestones, activities, and time frames is essential. Sue should use a project management tool to map out the timeline, create schedules, and monitor progress.Project budget: The total budget, costs, and expenses required for the project should be accurately calculated, Sue will get this information from the cost estimates and financial reports of the project.Briefly, Sue can get the information through discussions with stakeholders and gathering data from various sources. Sue can also use project management software that can help her collect and organize all the information needed for the project.
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Due to the lack of research in marketing ethics, the author poses the question of what the major ethical problems in marketing research are. In a study, a question was asked to managers in all occupations that face at least some sort of moral or ethical dilemma. Then they were asked to please describe briefly the work circumstance that presents them with the most challenging ethical or moral challenge. Once the responses were collected, they were then distinguished as issues or conflicts of ethics and put into smaller subpart categories. The two major ethical problems and or conflicts that were reported were: attempting to strike a balance between the researcher's self-interest and his or her responsibilities to clients within one's own organization. Then number two, similarly, balancing one's commitments to an external client with one's obligations to the company. Both of these accounts can be put under the category of research integrity.
Please write your opinion on this study that was taken, why do you think these two issues are the most common, why is marketing research integrity so important when conducting research, and why is this behavior in the marketing world so common
The study found that two major ethical problems in marketing research are balancing self-interest with responsibilities to clients within one's organization and balancing commitments to external clients with obligations to the company. These issues are common due to conflicting interests and competitive pressures. Upholding marketing research integrity is crucial for ethical conduct and trust in the field.
In this study on marketing ethics, managers were asked to describe their most challenging ethical or moral challenge in the workplace. The responses were categorized into issues or conflicts of ethics. The two major ethical problems reported were:
1. Balancing self-interest with responsibilities to clients within one's organization.
2. Balancing commitments to external clients with obligations to the company.
These issues are common in marketing research because they involve the ethical dilemma of prioritizing personal interests or external clients over the organization's interests.
Marketing research integrity is important because it ensures that research is conducted in an ethical and unbiased manner. It helps maintain trust and credibility in the marketing field, as well as protects the rights and well-being of participants and stakeholders involved in the research process.
This behavior may be common in the marketing world due to several reasons. Firstly, marketing professionals often face pressure to meet targets and achieve desired outcomes, which can create conflicts between personal interests and organizational goals. Secondly, the competitive nature of the marketing industry can lead to a focus on short-term gains, potentially compromising ethical standards. Finally, the complexity of marketing research, with its various stakeholders and potential conflicts of interest, can contribute to the prevalence of these ethical challenges.
Overall, this study highlights the importance of addressing and resolving ethical problems in marketing research to uphold integrity and ensure ethical practices in the field.
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Different equity accounts are used depending on the type of organisational structure of the business. Illustrate and explain how the equity accounts differ for a partnership and a company. (3 marks)
Explain why temporary accounts need to be closed during the closing process. (2 marks)
Equity is a term used to describe the residual interest in the assets of a business after liabilities have been settled. It represents ownership in a company, and this ownership can be obtained through different means depending on the type of organizational structure.
In this answer,
I will illustrate how equity accounts differ for a partnership and a company, as well as explain why temporary accounts need to be closed during the closing process.In a partnership, equity accounts represent the ownership interests of each partner. A partnership is a business structure in which two or more people own and operate the business. As a result, the equity accounts are designed to reflect the ownership interests of each partner.
There are different types of equity accounts that are used for this purpose, such as the capital account and the drawing account. The capital account is used to keep track of each partner's investments in the partnership, while the drawing account is used to record any money that a partner withdraws from the partnership.In a company, equity accounts represent the ownership interests of the shareholders.
A company is a legal entity that is separate from its owners, which means that shareholders own the company, but they do not own the assets directly. Instead, they own shares in the company, which entitles them to a portion of the company's profits. The equity accounts in a company are designed to reflect the ownership interests of the shareholders. There are different types of equity accounts that are used for this purpose, such as the share capital account and the retained earnings account.
Temporary accounts are accounts that are used to record transactions for a specific period, such as a month or a year. These accounts include the revenue, expense, and dividend accounts. These accounts are temporary because their balances are reset to zero at the end of each period.
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Referring back to the demand and supply for coffee beans in CH 2 (Qd = 12 - p, Qs = 9 + 0.5p) where
p is measured in dollars and q in billions of pounds of coffee beans, calculate the elasticity of
demand and supply at the equilibrium price and quantity in the market. If excess coffee
consumption was thought to have adverse health consequences the government may decide to
impose a tax on coffee. If a $1 tax is per pound is imposed on the producers, derive the new supply
curve for coffee. Determine the new equilibrium quantity and price of coffee. And what percent of
the tax is paid for by consumers and what percent is paid for by producers.
The elasticity of demand and supply at the equilibrium price and quantity in the market is calculated as follows:
The equilibrium price is $1.20 per pound, and the equilibrium quantity is 10.8 billion pounds. The elasticity of demand (ED) is 0.05, indicating that demand is inelastic. The elasticity of supply (ES) is -0.06, suggesting that supply is also inelastic.
Additionally, when a $1 tax is imposed on producers, the new equilibrium price is $1.26, and the new equilibrium quantity remains at 10.8 billion pounds. Consumers bear approximately 47.79% of the tax burden, while producers bear around 52.21%.
To calculate the elasticity of demand, the percentage change in quantity demanded is divided by the percentage change in price. In this case, when the price decreases from $1.20 to $1.10, the percentage change in price is 8.33%, and the corresponding increase in quantity demanded from 10.8 to 11.4 billion pounds results in a percentage change of 5.56%. Therefore, the elasticity of demand is (5.56 / 8.33) * (1.20 / 10.8) = 0.05, indicating inelastic demand.
Similarly, the elasticity of supply is calculated by dividing the percentage change in quantity supplied by the percentage change in price. With the same price decrease and the resulting decrease in quantity supplied from 10.8 to 10.05 billion pounds (a percentage change of -6.94%), the elasticity of supply is calculated as (-6.94 / 8.33) * (1.20 / 10.8) = -0.06, indicating inelastic supply.
When a $1 tax is imposed on producers, the new supply curve shifts upward by $0.50 (the amount of the tax). The new equilibrium price is determined by equating the new supply function (S') to the demand function (Qd). Solving for the equilibrium price, it is found to be $1.26. The equilibrium quantity remains the same at 10.8 billion pounds.
To determine the percentage of the tax burden borne by consumers and producers, the new price to consumers is calculated by adding the tax to the new equilibrium price.
Consumers pay $2.26 per pound after tax. Producers, who bear the tax, receive $1.26 per pound after paying the tax. The percentage of the tax paid by consumers is ((2.26 - 1.20) / 2.26) * 100% ≈ 47.79%, while the percentage paid by producers is ((1.20 - 0.26) / 2.26) * 100% ≈ 52.21%.
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There are five guidelines that are recommended in the context of
building a corporate identity using the corporate brand identity
matrix, according to Greyser and Urde. Which of the following
represen
Greyser and Urde recommend five guidelines for building a corporate identity using the corporate brand identity matrix. These guidelines include the following:
Define the identity's attributes and their relationships: This step involves identifying the key attributes that will define the corporate identity, as well as understanding how they are related.Establish the brand values: The next step is to determine the values that the corporate brand should embody. This involves identifying the core beliefs and principles that will guide the brand's behavior.
This involves creating a consistent visual and verbal identity that communicates the brand's attributes, values, promise, and persona to the target audience.These guidelines are essential for building a strong and effective corporate identity that can differentiate the brand from its competitors, create a strong emotional connection with customers, and drive long-term growth and success.
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ow do you evaluate training and HRD?
What measures can be used to evaluate training?
Is there one best way to evaluate training?
What should be considered as one prepares to evaluate HRD?
What are the ethical issues involved in evaluating HRD?
How can the value of HRD be expressed in terms of costs and benefits, or dollars and cents?
What is meant by effectiveness?
Is it the same thing as efficiency?
How is effectiveness measured?
What is the purpose of determining effectiveness?
That is, what decisions are made after a program is judged effective or ineffective?
1. The evaluation of training and HRD can be accomplished through various ways and measures such as evaluation through testing, performance, and participation.
2. The following measures can be used to evaluate training: Pre- and post-training performance evaluation.
Participant’s feedback on the training program.
Self-assessment of the participants.
Instructor’s evaluation of the participant’s performance.
3. There is no one best way to evaluate training since each training session is unique and the evaluation should cater to its particular needs.
4. One of the major considerations that should be considered while evaluating HRD is the relevance and appropriateness of the training program.
5. The ethical issues involved in evaluating HRD can include confidentiality, providing fair and honest feedback, and ensuring the well-being of participants.
6. The value of HRD can be expressed in terms of cost and benefit analysis, by assessing the ROI (Return on Investment) or cost-benefit ratio.
7. Effectiveness is different from efficiency. Effectiveness measures how well a program is able to achieve its goals, while efficiency measures how well the resources used by the program were utilized.
Effectiveness is measured by comparing the results to the desired goals and objectives, while efficiency is measured by comparing the actual cost of resources used to the estimated cost.
8. The purpose of determining effectiveness is to assess whether the training program was able to achieve its goals and objectives.
9. If the program is judged to be effective, then it can be continued or expanded. If it is ineffective, then changes can be made to improve the program.
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According to a report prepared by the Information and Communications Technology Council (ICTC) called The Next Talent Wave: Navigating the Digital Shift—Outlook 2021 (ICTC, 2017) several transformative technologies are affecting business in Canada.
These technologies include:
blockchain
artificial intelligence (AI)
data analytics
cloud technologies
Research one of these topics. Use sources from within the last five years to inform your understanding of the topic.
In a report address the following questions:
Using the example of eHermes from the beginning of Part 1 in the Experiencing MIS textbook, describe the uses of this technology in the context of management information systems for eHermes. How can it be applied to the management functions of the organization?
Define and give a description of your chosen technology. What are some specific applications of this technology? Give examples of products such as software, platforms, hardware or services that utilize this technology in relation to management information systems.
What problems does this technology address?
What are potential drawbacks, limitations or negative issues associated with this technology?
Write a report in Microsoft Word that includes the following:
· Title page
· Table of contents
· Introduction
· How you gathered information
· A description of the technology in relation to management information systems
· Problems the technology can potentially address
· The potential limitations of the technology
· A conclusion
· References
The report should be approximately 1500 words, not including Title page, Table of contents and References. Use the formatting set out in the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (7th edition) (ISBN 13: 978-1433832161; ISBN 10: 143383216X).
Cite any sources used.
In the contemporary business environment, there are several transformative technologies that have an impact on businesses in Canada. Some of these technologies are blockchain, artificial intelligence, data analytics, and cloud technologies.
Data analytics can be used to identify patterns that may indicate fraudulent activity. For instance, data analytics can be used to identify transactions that are outside the norm or transactions that occur at unusual times.Data analytics has several potential drawbacks and limitations. One of the potential drawbacks of data analytics is that it can be expensive to implement. Data analytics requires sophisticated software and hardware, and it can be expensive to train employees to use this software.
Another potential drawback of data analytics is that it can be time-consuming. Data analytics requires a significant amount of data to be analyzed, and it can be time-consuming to analyze this data. Data analytics can also be limited by the quality of the data that is being analyzed. If the data is incomplete or inaccurate, the insights that are derived from data analytics may not be reliable.In conclusion, data analytics is a crucial tool for modern businesses.
As such, businesses need to evaluate the benefits and drawbacks of data analytics before implementing this technology into their business processes.
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Research the 21st-century workforce and form a demographic profile of Gen X, by indicating its size, characteristics, values, and work preformances.
Identify an HRM program or benefit that is designed to engage someone with this Gen X demographic profile.
Present the analysis and recommendations using chars, graphs, data, assessments, etc. in a PowerPoint presentation.
Generation X is a demographic group born between 1965 and 1980. Gen X comprises of 50 million individuals. They are often referred to as the sandwich generation because of their unique position between the baby boomers and millennials.
Gen Xers are highly educated and skilled. They value independence, flexibility, and work-life balance. They are practical, resourceful, and self-reliant. Their work ethic is influenced by their desire for job security, but they are more likely to change jobs than baby boomers. They are not afraid of hard work but they value free time. As a result, they prefer a job that allows them to balance work and personal life.
Gen X is a unique generation with its values, goals, and preferences. HR professionals must design programs and benefits that cater to this group. One way to engage with this generation is to offer flexible working hours, which allows them to balance work and personal life.
This approach can be achieved through remote work, compressed work weeks, and part-time work.HR professionals can also provide opportunities for continuous learning and development. This approach not only enhances their skills but also demonstrates that their employer values them. HR professionals can also create a culture of inclusion that values and embraces diversity.
The following table presents demographic and work-related data for Gen X:The following graph displays the top work motivators for Gen X:Conclusion:HR professionals must design programs and benefits that engage and motivate Gen Xers. Programs such as flexible working hours, opportunities for learning and development, and inclusive work culture can help achieve this objective.
In conclusion, HR professionals must understand the unique values and preferences of Gen Xers to develop effective engagement programs.
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Institutional Conformance at Meridian Credit Union
Q5. The Canadian government's rules on capital favour big banks over credit unions. What institutional force is this from the following ?
a. Cognitive
b. Normative
c. Regulatory
The institutional force of the Canadian government's rules on capital favoring big banks over credit unions is regulatory. Regulatory forces refer to the rules and regulations set by governing bodies that shape the behavior and operations of organizations. In this case, the Canadian government has established rules that give advantages to big banks, creating a regulatory force that affects credit unions like Meridian Credit Union.
These rules may include requirements for capital reserves, risk management, and other financial aspects. To conform to these regulations, credit unions like Meridian Credit Union must ensure they meet the capital requirements set by the government. This is an example of institutional conformance, where organizations align their practices with the regulatory environment they operate in. In summary, the institutional force at play in this situation is regulatory, as the Canadian government's rules on capital favor big banks over credit unions like Meridian Credit Union.
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Use the following information to calculate the value of Coca-Cola stock.
Dividends
2017 - 1.48
2018 - 1.56
2019 - 1.60
2020 - 1.64
2021 - 1.68
Average the growth rates and use as your g%
Use an rs = 9%, calculate the value of the stock.
Increase your g estimate by 1% and calculate the new value.
The current stock price is $55.59
Calculate the rs using the current stock price and the both of your growth estimates
The value of Coca-Cola stock is $39.51 with a growth rate of 3.3%, and $42.86 with a growth rate of 4.3%. The rs using the current stock price is 3.6% with a growth rate of 3.3%, and 4.1% with a growth rate of 4.3%.
To calculate the value of Coca-Cola stock, we can use the dividend discount model (DDM) formula:
Value = Dividend / (rs - g)
Using the given dividend values, we can calculate the average growth rate (g%) as follows:
g% = ((1.56/1.48) * (1.60/1.56) * (1.64/1.60) * (1.68/1.64))^(1/4) - 1 = 0.033 or 3.3%
With an rs (required rate of return) of 9%, we can calculate the value of the stock:
Value = 1.68 / (0.09 - 0.033) = $39.51
Increasing the growth estimate by 1% to 4.3%, we can recalculate the value:
Value = 1.68 / (0.09 - 0.043) = $42.86
To calculate the rs (required rate of return) using the current stock price and the growth estimates, we rearrange the DDM formula:
rs = Dividend / Value + g
Using the current stock price of $55.59, the first growth estimate of 3.3%, and the dividend of $1.68, we get:
rs = 1.68 / 55.59 + 0.033 = 0.036 or 3.6%
For the second growth estimate of 4.3%, we have:
rs = 1.68 / 55.59 + 0.043 = 0.041 or 4.1%
Therefore, the rs using the current stock price and the growth estimates are 3.6% and 4.1% respectively.
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