Yes, the positive effects of mechanizing the manufacturing process generally outweigh the negative effects due to increased efficiency, productivity, and cost savings.
Generally, the positive effects of mechanizing the manufacturing process often outweigh the negative effects. Mechanization can lead to increased productivity, efficiency, and output, resulting in lower costs and improved quality. It can also enable the production of complex and precise products that are not feasible through manual labor alone. Mechanization can create job opportunities in industries related to technology and machine maintenance.
However, there are potential negative effects to consider. Mechanization may lead to job displacement, as machines replace human labor, impacting employment levels and potentially causing socioeconomic challenges. It can also contribute to income inequality if the benefits primarily accrue to business owners. The environmental impact of increased production and resource consumption should be considered.
Whether the positive effects outweigh the negative effects of mechanization depends on the specific context, including the industry, region, labor market conditions, and the measures taken to address any negative consequences.
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Using the Mid- Point Methods, Calculate the Elasticity based on data below: Indicating the type of Elasticity for each one. A- When the price of I phone was $4200 the quantity demanded was 120 unit, when the price decreased to $3900 the quantity increased to 200 units. B- When the price of computer increased from $2990 to $4999, which leads to an increase in the quantity supplied by 35%. C- When price of housing in UAE decreased by 35%, the demand for housing increased to 25%.
Mid-Point Method: Elasticity The mid-point method of calculating elasticity is the most accurate method available. The percentage change in quantity demanded or supplied is divided by the percentage change in price using this method.
The formula is:
Mid-point Elasticity Formula: \[\frac{\%\,\text{change in quantity demanded}}{\%\,\text{change in price}} = \frac{\frac{\left( Q_{2}-Q_{1} \right)}{\frac{\left( Q_{1}+Q_{2} \right)}{2}}}{\frac{\left( P_{2}-P_{1} \right)}{\frac{\left( P_{1}+P_{2} \right)}{2}}}\]
When the price of an I phone was $4200, the quantity demanded was 120 units, but when the price decreased to $3900, the quantity increased to 200 units. As a result, the percentage change in quantity demanded is 66.7%, while the percentage change in price is -7.14%.Elasticity = \[\frac{\%\,\text{change in quantity demanded}}{\%\,\text{change in price}}\]Elasticity = \[\frac{66.7}{-7.14}\]Elasticity= -9.33The elasticity of iPhone based on the data given is greater than one, indicating that it is elastic. When the price of a computer increased from $2990 to $4999, the quantity supplied increased by 35%.
As a result, the percentage change in quantity supplied is 35%, while the percentage change in price is 67.2%.Elasticity = \[\frac{\%\,\text{change in quantity supplied}}{\%\,\text{change in price}}\]Elasticity = \[\frac{35}{67.2}\]Elasticity = 0.52The elasticity of computers based on the data given is less than one, indicating that it is inelastic. When the price of housing in UAE decreased by 35%, the demand for housing increased to 25%.
As a result, the percentage change in quantity demanded is 25%, while the percentage change in price is -35%.Elasticity = \[\frac{\%\,\text{change in quantity demanded}}{\%\,\text{change in price}}\]Elasticity = \[\frac{25}{-35}\]Elasticity = -0.71The elasticity of housing based on the data given is less than one, indicating that it is inelastic.
Therefore, the type of elasticity for iPhone is elastic, while the type of elasticity for computers and housing is inelastic.
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A. The demand for iPhones is elastic.
B. The supply of computers is elastic.
C. The demand for housing in UAE is elastic.
How calculate the elasticityTo calculate the elasticity using the midpoint method, we use the formula:
Elasticity = (Percentage change in quantity / Percentage change in price) * (Price / Quantity)
For each scenario, we will calculate the elasticity and determine its type.
A. When the price of the iPhone decreased from $4200 to $3900, and the quantity increased from 120 units to 200 units.
Percentage change in quantity = [(200 - 120) / ((200 + 120) / 2)] * 100 = (80 / 160) * 100 = 50%
Percentage change in price = [(3900 - 4200) / ((3900 + 4200) / 2)] * 100 = (-300 / 4050) * 100 ≈ -7.41%
Elasticity = (50 / -7.41) * (4050 / 160) ≈ -337.18
Since the elasticity is negative, we can conclude that the demand for iPhones is elastic.
B. When the price of the computer increased from $2990 to $4999, and the quantity supplied increased by 35%.
Percentage change in quantity = 35%
Percentage change in price = [(4999 - 2990) / ((4999 + 2990) / 2)] * 100 ≈ 33.32%
Elasticity = (35 / 33.32) * (2990 / 35) ≈ 85.09
Since the elasticity is greater than 1, we can conclude that the supply of computers is elastic.
C. When the price of housing in UAE decreased by 35%, and the demand for housing increased by 25%.
Percentage change in quantity = 25%
Percentage change in price = -35%
Elasticity = (25 / -35) * (35 / 25) = -1
Since the elasticity is negative, we can conclude that the demand for housing in UAE is elastic.
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QUESTION 32 Below is information about a project to implement a new manufacturing cell to assemble personal digital assistance devices Act. Description Predecessor Optm. Most Pess. Expected time ID (a
The standard deviation is 0.67.
The expected time, most optimistic, and most pessimistic data are important for risk analysis in project management.
In a project to implement a new manufacturing cell to assemble personal digital assistance devices, the expected time is the anticipated duration the project will take.
The most optimistic time and most pessimistic time, on the other hand, represent the best and worst case scenarios, respectively. The predecessor is the activity that needs to be completed before the current activity. Optm is the optimistic time, while Pess is the pessimistic time.
For instance, let's assume that the expected time to complete the manufacturing cell assembly project is 10 weeks, the most optimistic time is 8 weeks, and the most pessimistic time is 12 weeks. In this case, the standard deviation would be calculated as follows:
Standard deviation (SD) = (12 - 8) / 6 = 0.67.
Where 6 is half the difference between the most optimistic and most pessimistic times. Once the standard deviation is determined, the risk associated with the project can be assessed.
Thus, expected time, most optimistic, and most pessimistic data are important for project risk analysis and help project managers estimate how much time a particular activity will take. They also help in determining the level of risk associated with the project.
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Which of the following equations can be used to compute o materials price variance (where AQ - actual quantity, SQ - standard quantity allowed: AP actual price; SP = standard price)? [AQ = (AP - SP)] ( ) [SQ * (AP - SP)] O [AQ * (AP - SP)] [SQ = (AP - SP)]
The correct equation to compute the materials price variance is
Materials Price Variance = (AQ × (AP - SP))
[AQ × (AP - SP)] is the equation that can be used to calculate the materials price variance. By multiplying the difference between the actual price per unit (AP) and the standard price per unit (SP), this equation determines the discrepancy between the actual quantity of materials purchased (AQ) and the standard price per unit (SP).
The material price variance sheds light on the financial implications of departures from the anticipated or typical price for materials. As the actual price paid is less than the standard price, a positive variance indicates cost savings. An unfavorable variance indicates higher costs because the actual price paid exceeds the standard price.
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one of the main disadvantages of the corporate form is the professional management double taxation of dividends charter corporation must issue stock T/F
False. One of the main disadvantages of the corporate form is the double taxation of dividends, but not necessarily related to professional management or the requirement to issue stock.
In the corporate form, a company is a separate legal entity from its owners, which provides limited liability protection for shareholders. However, when corporations distribute profits to their shareholders in the form of dividends, those dividends are subject to double taxation. First, the corporation itself is taxed on its profits at the corporate tax rate. Then, when the dividends are distributed to the shareholders, they are taxed again as income at the individual level. This double taxation can be seen as a disadvantage because it reduces the amount of after-tax income received by shareholders. It also creates a potential barrier to attracting investors, as they may seek more tax-efficient investment options. However, it's important to note that not all corporations are required to issue stock or have professional management, as these aspects can vary depending on the specific corporate structure and regulations in place.
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Daring Dora holds 90% of her assets in high-technology stocks, earning 12%, and 10% in long-term government bonds, earning 6%. The expected return on her portfolio: A) is 6%. B) is 9%. C) is 11.4% D) is 12%. E) cannot be determined without knowing what the dollar value of her assets is
Daring Dora holds 90% of her assets in high-technology stocks, earning 12%, and 10% in long-term government bonds, earning 6%. She can calculate her expected return by taking a weighted average of the returns on the two investments.
Expected return on her portfolio can be calculated using a weighted average formula, which can be expressed as: Expected Return = (Weight of Investment A × Expected Return on Investment A) + (Weight of Investment B × Expected Return on Investment B) + … + (Weight of Investment N × Expected Return on Investment N).
In this scenario, we have two investments - high-technology stocks and long-term government bonds. High-technology stocks constitute 90% of her assets and yield a return of 12%.
Long-term government bonds make up 10% of her assets and yield a return of 6%. Therefore, we can calculate the expected return on Daring Dora’s portfolio as follows: Expected Return = (0.90 × 12%) + (0.10 × 6%).
Expected Return = 10.8% + 0.6%.
Expected Return = 11.4%.
Therefore, the expected return on her portfolio is 11.4%. So, the correct answer is option C.
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3) based on the life cycle of financial planning, when would be a good time to review andpossibly adjust an effective financial plan?a) a really effective financial plan doesn't need to be adjusted.b) when you get marriedc) when you have childrend) when the stock market goes upe) both b and c are correct answers.
Based on the life cycle of financial planning, when would be a good time to review and possibly adjust an effective financial plan is both B and C are correct answers The correct answer is E) both B and C are correct answers.
However, it is not advisable to never review and adjust an effective financial plan. As a result, it is best to review your financial plan on a regular basis to ensure that it is still relevant and effective. Here are some examples of significant life events that might necessitate a financial plan review: When you get married: When you get married, your financial obligations and goals may change.
You may have to combine your assets, modify your spending habits, and alter your savings targets to accommodate your spouse's income, debt, and financial goals. When you have children: When you have children, your financial obligations and goals change once again. You'll need to budget for education, healthcare, and childcare expenditures, as well as provide for your children's immediate and long-term needs.
When you retire: Retirement is a significant financial event that necessitates a thorough review of your retirement savings, Social Security benefits, and retirement income stream. You'll want to ensure that your retirement plan is well-structured and that you'll be able to support yourself throughout your golden years. Hence, E is the correct option.
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At the end of the current month, a company had an ending balance in the Accounts Payable account of $22,000. Purchases on account during the current month amounted to $16,600. If the balance in the Accounts Payable account at the end of the previous month was $27,200, what is the amount paid to creditors for purchases on account, during the current month?
a) $21,800
b) $65,800
c) $32,600
d) Cannot be determined
The amount paid to creditors for purchases on account is $21,800
Given data:
Ending balance in the Accounts Payable account of $22,000.
Purchases on account during the current month amounted to $16,600.
Balance in the Accounts Payable account at the end of the previous month was $27,200.
The formula to calculate the amount paid to creditors is:
Amount paid to creditors = Purchases on account - Decrease in Accounts Payable + Increase in Accounts Payable - Purchases on account during the current month = $16,600 - Decrease in Accounts Payable = $22,000 - $27,200= - $5,200(Decrease as Accounts payable decreased) Therefore, Amount paid to creditors
= $16,600 - (-$5,200)= $16,600 + $5,200= $21,800
Hence, the amount paid to creditors for purchases on account, during the current month is $21,800.
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Discussion Questions Pick and answer at least three of these questions: What is a debtors union? Do you consider debt as connected to other issues? For example, democracy? How? What is the secondary debt market? Is there a hierarchy of debt? Or debt that is more, or less, good, moral, or worthy of protection by our fiduciary systems? Is there debt that you think is more or less valid? How would you rank these types of debt: Credit care, home loan, consumer, student loan, medical debt, yacht loan, secured debt, unsecured debt, auto loans, other loans? What sort of moral arguments surround debt? Are you in favor, or do you disagree, with canceling student loan debt? Explain why or why not? How do you pay for it? How much debt do you have? What type? (This one is optional:)
Debt is a topic of concern to many people, and it can be connected to various issues. This essay will cover three questions relating to debt.
A debtors union is an organization formed by individuals who have unpaid debts or are experiencing debt issues. They seek to organize to create bargaining power to negotiate with creditors and debt collection agencies to get more favorable debt management plans. These unions aim to empower debtors and highlight the problems that lead to the accumulation of debt and find ways to address them . Debt is related to other issues such as democracy, social inequality, and power relations. For instance, high levels of debt can result in decreased social mobility, limit democracy, and entrench existing power relations. Additionally, debt can create moral and ethical dilemmas for society, as certain types of debt are seen as morally wrong or acceptable. The secondary debt market refers to the buying and selling of debt among investors, including loans, bonds, and other types of credit. There is a hierarchy of debt, with some types considered more or less worthy of protection by fiduciary systems. For instance, secured debt is considered more valuable as it has an asset attached to it, while unsecured debt is riskier, and the lenders have less protection. In this regard, there is debt that is considered more valid than others, depending on the creditor's perspective .
Debt is a topic that has wide-ranging consequences for individuals and society. It is an issue that impacts people's quality of life, limiting their ability to access resources and creating stress and anxiety. Debt can also have political implications, limiting social mobility and creating inequality in society. A debtors union is an organization that seeks to empower individuals experiencing debt issues by creating a collective bargaining power. These unions are critical as they highlight the problems that lead to debt accumulation and seek ways to address them. Debt can also be connected to issues such as democracy, social inequality, and power relations. It creates moral and ethical dilemmas for society, as some types of debt are seen as morally acceptable, while others are not. For instance, credit card debt is considered less valid than home loans as the latter has an asset attached to it, while the former is unsecured. These hierarchies of debt underscore the complex relationships that exist between debt, power, and social justice.
Conclusion:
Debt is an issue that has significant implications for individuals and society. It creates ethical dilemmas, political ramifications, and economic consequences. A debtors union is a crucial organization that seeks to address these issues by creating a collective bargaining power to negotiate with creditors and debt collection agencies. Debt can be connected to other issues such as democracy, social inequality, and power relations, creating complex hierarchies of debt that highlight the various perspectives on the moral and ethical dimensions of debt. In this regard, understanding the complexities of debt is crucial in addressing the underlying issues that lead to debt accumulation and creating sustainable solutions.
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The Reserve Bank of Australia published a Financial Stability Report in April 2022. In that report they highlighted that households in the Australian economy have a high level of mortgage debt and that house prices have increased in recent years. Explain why this is viewed as a cause for concern for financial stability.
The Reserve Bank of Australia published a Financial Stability Report in April 2022, in which they drew attention to the fact that Australian households have a high level of mortgage debt, and house prices have risen in recent years. This is viewed as a concern for financial stability because of the following reasons:
It could lead to increased financial stress: Households may struggle to repay their mortgages if interest rates rise, which may lead to increased financial stress.
It can result in a decline in consumer spending: Households with high levels of debt may cut back on their spending, which could have a negative impact on the broader economy.
It may increase the risk of default: If households are unable to repay their mortgages, this could result in an increase in loan defaults, which could have a significant impact on financial institutions and the broader economy.
It may result in an asset bubble: Rising house prices may lead to an asset bubble, which could burst and cause a significant decline in house prices. This could result in households owing more than their homes are worth, which could result in loan defaults. Overall, the high level of mortgage debt and rising house prices are viewed as a concern for financial stability because they could have a negative impact on households, financial institutions, and the broader economy.
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1. A business machine valued at $800 was contributed to a
charitable organization during the year. The machine cost $1,000
but was depreciated down to $600 before the donation was made.
Indicate the c
In this situation, the correct income tax treatment concerning the donation. Contribution of $600 (no income recognized).
The option (A) is correct.
When an asset is contributed to a charitable organization, the common guideline is that the benefactor can deduct the honest evaluation of the resource as a beneficent commitment on their personal government form. For this situation, the honest evaluation of the machine at the hour of the gift was $800.
However, the deduction for charitable contributions can't surpass the giver's changed premise in the resource. Since the changed premise of the machine is $600, the most extreme altruistic commitment derivation the benefactor can guarantee is $600.
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This question is not complete, Here I am attaching the complete question:
1. A business machine valued at $800 was contributed to a
charitable organization during the year. The machine cost $1,000
but was depreciated down to $600 before the donation was made.
Indicate the ccorrect income tax treatment with respect to the donation. (A) Contribution of $600 (no income recognized)
(B) Contribution of $1,000 (income of $200 recognized)
(C) Contribution of $800 (income of $200 recognized)
(D) Contribution of $800 (no income recognized)
Which of the following represents the NET effect of the closing journal entries for a company with a net loss?
Credit Capital Stock
Credit Retained Earnings.
Debit Retained earnings.
Debit Dividends
The net effect of the closing journal entries for a company with a net loss is a debit to Retained Earnings, reflecting the decrease in the company's earnings due to expenses exceeding revenues.
1. In a closing entry, the goal is to transfer the balances from temporary accounts (such as revenue and expense accounts) to permanent accounts (such as retained earnings).
2. A net loss indicates that the company's expenses exceed its revenues, resulting in a decrease in retained earnings.
3. To close the temporary accounts and reflect the net loss, we need to debit the Retained Earnings account.
4. This debit entry will reduce the balance in Retained Earnings, reflecting the net loss incurred by the company during the period.
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Which of the following amortization methods ignore the residual value in the calculation of the annual depreciation expense?
O Double-declining balance and capital cost allowance.
O Straight-line and double-declining-balance.
O Straight-line and capital cost allowance.
O Present value and straight-line.
Double-declining balance and capital cost allowance methods ignore the residual value in the calculation of the annual depreciation expense.
Depreciation is an account entry that shows how an asset's net value decreases over time.It includes the depreciation of vehicles, machinery, and other items.Different techniques are utilized and acknowledged overall for estimation of Devaluation
The estimation of yearly devaluation utilizing the straight line deterioration strategy is given by: Depreciable Expense/Assessed valuable lifeWhen recording change of the devaluation on gear, Perceive a cost - deterioration and de-perceive the resource through the Gathered devaluation business ledger to reflect outpouring of monetary advantages through use of resource.
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A partnership has the following capital balances with partners' profit and loss percentages indicated parenthetically:
Henry (60%) $ 64,000
Thomas (30%) 80,000
Catherine (10%) 148,000
Anne is going to invest $57,000 into the business to acquire a 30 percent ownership interest. Goodwill is to be recorded. What will be Anne's beginning capital balance?
The initial capital balance for Anne will be $379,600.
1. Calculate the total capital of the partnership by summing up the current capital balances of the partners:
Total capital = Henry's capital + Thomas' capital + Catherine's capital
= $64,000 + $80,000 + $148,000
= $292,000
2. Determine the value of Anne's investment based on her desired ownership interest:
Anne's investment = Total capital * Anne's ownership percentage
= $292,000 * 30%
= $87,600
3. Calculate the goodwill amount, which represents the excess of Anne's investment over the proportionate share of the partnership's net assets:
Goodwill = Anne's investment - (Total capital * Anne's ownership percentage)
= $87,600 - ($292,000 * 30%)
= $87,600 - $87,600
= $0
Since the goodwill is zero, it means Anne's investment perfectly matches her proportionate share of the partnership's net assets.
4. Finally, determine Anne's beginning capital balance by adding her investment to the total capital:
Anne's beginning capital balance = Total capital + Anne's investment
= $292,000 + $87,600
= $379,600
Therefore, Anne's beginning capital balance will be $379,600.
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Which of the following describes a tax consequence on the disposal of depreciable property?
Multiple Choice
a. If the selling price exceeds the original cost, a recapture would be recognized.
b. If the selling price exceeds the original cost, a capital gain would be recognized.
c. If, at the end of the taxation year, all assets in a class have been disposed of, but a balance remains in the pool, the balance would continue to be deducted as CCA.
d. If, at the end of a fiscal year, the balance of the pool is negative, the balance would be deducted from business income.
A tax consequence on the disposal of depreciable property can be described as if the selling price exceeds the original cost, a recapture would be recognized. Therefore, option (a) is correct. When depreciable property is disposed of, it results in a tax consequence for the owner.
It's because of the way capital cost allowance (CCA) works in Canada. Depreciable property can be classified as either a Class 10 or Class 10.1 asset. Class 10 assets are items like furniture and fixtures, while Class 10.1 assets are computers and related equipment.A recapture would be recognized if the selling price exceeds the original cost. This implies that if the selling price of a depreciable property is greater than the original cost, the difference is known as the capital gain. The recapture component of a capital gain is the amount that was deducted as CCA.
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A company limited by shares incorporated with two directors. One of them died of a heart attack during the pandemic of COVID19. Explain whether the company could continue to exist with the remaining director. Support your answer based on the Companies Act 2016. (30 marks) (malaysia company law)
Under the Companies Act 2016 in Malaysia, a company limited by shares can continue to exist with the remaining director, even if one of the directors passes away. The Act provides provisions to ensure the continuity of the company's operations in such situations.
1. Section 122(1) - Minimum Number of Directors: The Act requires a private company to have a minimum of one director. Since the company in question had two directors initially, the remaining director fulfills the minimum requirement, allowing the company to continue its existence.
2. Section 201(1) - Power of Directors: The Act grants the directors of a company the power to manage and make decisions on behalf of the company. As long as the remaining director is capable and willing to fulfill their duties and responsibilities, they can continue to act on behalf of the company.
Therefore, based on the Companies Act 2016, the company can continue to exist with the remaining director. However, it is advisable for the company to appoint a new director to ensure a balanced board and to meet any other specific requirements stated in the company's constitution or articles of association.
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Which of the following are ethical standards for management accountants? i. Competence ii. Objectivity iii. Confidentiality iv. Integrity A. i, ii and iv B. i, iii and iv C. i, ii and iii D. i, ii, iii and iv Costs that can be significantly influenced by a particular manager are ____. A. product costs B. period costs C. controllable costs D. administrative costs
Part 1: The ethical standards for management accountants include A. i, ii, and iv - i.e., competence, objectivity, and integrity.
Part 2: Costs that can be significantly influenced by a particular manager are C. controllable costs.
Part 1: Competence is an ethical standard for management accountants that requires them to possess the necessary knowledge, skills, and expertise to perform their job effectively. Objectivity requires management accountants to provide unbiased and impartial information, avoiding any conflicts of interest. Confidentiality is another ethical standard that requires management accountants to maintain the confidentiality of sensitive information entrusted to them.
Integrity is a fundamental ethical principle that encompasses honesty, fairness, and adherence to ethical standards and professional codes of conduct. These ethical standards are crucial for maintaining the trust and credibility of management accountants and ensuring ethical decision-making in their role.
Part 2: Controllable costs are costs that can be influenced or controlled by a specific manager or individual within an organization. These costs are directly associated with a manager's area of responsibility and can be influenced through their decisions and actions. Managers have authority over controllable costs and can take measures to manage and control them, such as implementing cost-saving measures or optimizing resource allocation.
On the other hand, product costs refer to the costs associated with producing goods or services, period costs are expenses incurred outside of the production process (such as administrative or marketing expenses), and administrative costs specifically relate to the costs associated with the administration or management of the organization as a whole. Therefore, the correct answer is C. controllable costs.
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Monique has the opportunity to purchase a new piece of equipment for her factory. She wants to calculate the Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC) for her current operations. Long term borrowings make up 25% of the business's capital. The applicable interest rate paid for this is 6% per annum. The current tax rate that the business pays is 20%. The business is listed on the ASX and information from Bloomberg has calculated that the Beta for it (and other similar listed businesses) is 0.6. Bloomberg also states that the Market Risk Premium is 2% and the Government Bond Rate (risk free rate) is 3%. a. Calculate the cost of Debt Capital for the business (allow for the tax deductibility of the debt). (1 mark) b. Assuming that her business has only ordinary shares, calculate the cost of Equity Capital for the business. (1 mark) c. With your answers in a. and b. calculate the current WACC for Monique's business that should be used when considering new purchases of equipment. (2 marks) d. If the returns generated by purchasing the new piece of equipment equate to an 7.5% payback, should Monique go ahead with the investment? Why?
The cost of capital is 6.3%, which means that the new investment is not generating sufficient returns to justify the investment. In general, a firm should only undertake a new project if its return on investment is higher than the cost of capital.
The Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC) is an estimate of a company's cost of capital. It is used as a benchmark to determine whether a firm should undertake a new project or investment. In general, a firm should only undertake a new project if its return on investment is higher than the cost of capital.
The WACC is calculated using a company's cost of debt and cost of equity, weighted by the proportion of debt and equity in the company's capital structure.a. Calculation of Cost of Debt Capital for the business (allow for the tax deductibility of the debt)The cost of debt capital is the effective interest rate that a business pays on its debts. The effective interest rate takes into account the tax deductibility of the debt.
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Aurand Ltd wants to raise $1,500,000 to fund the expansion of its business. To do this, it will issue bonds with 10 years to maturity, a face value of $1,000 and a quarterly coupon payment of $20. The current yield to maturity of similar bonds in the market is 8% per annum. a) How many bonds should Aurand Ltd issue to raise a total of $1,500,000? Use bond pricing theory to explain why briefly. [2 marks] b) Assume investor Mike purchased a bond at issuance and sold it at a market yield of 9% p.a. one year later, right after the coupon payment. Calculate the selling price of the bond. [3.5 marks] c) Draw a timeline and set out each cash flow that Mike paid and received from his investment in the bond for one year and calculate the holding period yield per annum he earned on this investment. [3.5+4=7.5 marks] d) Was Mike's holding period yield higher or lower than the yield to maturity he would earn if he kept the bond till maturity? Briefly explain why.
Mike's holding period yield was lower than the yield to maturity he would earn if he kept the bond till maturity. This is because Mike sold the bond before maturity and, thus, received a lower return than he would have received if he had kept the bond till maturity.
a) To raise a total of $1,500,000, Aurand Ltd should issue 1,500 bonds. This can be calculated by using the following formula: N = (Total amount to be raised / Face value of the bond)
Where, N = Number of bonds to be issued
Thus, N = 1,500,000/1,000 = 1,500.
The bond pricing theory suggests that a bond’s price is the sum of the present value of each of its cash flows. The cash flows consist of coupon payments and the face value of the bond. The present value of each cash flow is calculated by using the yield to maturity of similar bonds in the market, which is 8% per annum in this case.
b) If the market yield is 9% p.a., the coupon rate is 8% p.a. and the bond pays coupon payments quarterly, the following formula can be used to calculate the bond's selling price:
PV = (C / y) x [1 - (1 + y / n)^-nT] + FV / (1 + y / n)^nT
Where, C = Coupon payment, y = Yield to maturity, n = Number of coupon payments per year, T = Years to maturity, and FV = Face value of the bond. After substituting the given values, we get:
PV = (20 / 0.09) x [1 - (1 + 0.09 / 4)^-(4 x 10)] + 1,000 / (1 + 0.09 / 4)^(4 x 10)
PV = 18.59 x 6.882 + 376.89 = 500.02
Thus, the selling price of the bond is $500.02.
c) The timeline of Mike's investment in the bond is as follows: Year Cash Flow Discount Factor Present Value 0-$1, 0001.000-$1, 0000 $201.000 $200.992 $201.977 $400.96 Total$600.93
Holding period yield per annum = (Total Present Value / Initial Investment) - 1= (600.93 / 1,000) - 1= -0.399 or -39.9%
d) Mike's holding period yield was lower than the yield to maturity he would earn if he kept the bond till maturity. This is because Mike sold the bond before maturity and, thus, received a lower return than he would have received if he had kept the bond till maturity. The yield to maturity reflects the total return an investor can earn if they keep the bond till maturity.
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When analyzing a value stream map, a large difference between Processing Time and Lead Time of a process block requires a "_________" analysis of that process block using detailed ________maps
Explanation :
When analyzing a value stream map, a large difference between Processing Time and Lead Time of a process block requires a root cause analysis of that process block using detailed process maps.
What is value stream mapping? Value stream mapping is a lean management approach that is widely utilized to assess the current state of a product or service's production and identify areas for improvement. It allows businesses to monitor the flow of information and products from their origin to the point of delivery to the end customer.
In this way, the process steps, delivery, processing time, and everything in between can be evaluated. Process mapping and value stream mapping are two similar yet distinct tools that help to map out business procedures to enhance efficiency.
When analyzing a value stream map, a large difference between processing time and lead time of a process block requires a root cause analysis of that process block using detailed process maps. Root cause analysis is a problem-solving method that seeks to identify the source of problems by analyzing underlying causes.
A detailed process map is a type of process map that depicts each step in a business process, the resources used, and the flow of goods or services. It helps to identify areas that need improvement in order to enhance efficiency. Thus, this analysis helps companies to optimize processes and eliminate waste by identifying the root causes of lead time variances.
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Arabian Gulf Corporation reports the following stockholders'
equity section on December 31, 2020.
- Common stock; $10 par value; 700,000 shares authorized;
300,000 shares
issued and outstanding.
$ 3,0
Arabian Gulf Corporation reports the following stockholders' equity section on December 31, 2020. - Common stock; $10 par value; 700,000 shares authorized; 300,000 shares issued and outstanding. $ 3,0
Based on the information provided, the stockholders' equity section of Arabian Gulf Corporation on December 31, 2020, is as follows:
Common Stock:
Par value: $10
Authorized shares: 700,000
Issued shares: 300,000
Outstanding shares: 300,000
The common stock has a par value of $10 per share. The company is authorized to issue a maximum of 700,000 shares, and as of December 31, 2020, 300,000 shares have been issued and are currently outstanding. The total value of the common stock can be calculated by multiplying the par value ($10) by the number of outstanding shares (300,000), resulting in a total common stock value of $3,000,000.
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This results in a total common stock value of $3,000,000.
According to the provided information, the stockholders' equity section of Arabian Gulf Corporation on December 31, 2020, is outlined as follows:
Common Stock:
Par value: $10
Authorized shares: 700,000
Issued shares: 300,000
Outstanding shares: 300,000
The common stock of Arabian Gulf Corporation carries a par value of $10 per share. This indicates the nominal value assigned to each individual share. As per the company's authorization, they have the authority to issue a maximum of 700,000 shares.
However, as of December 31, 2020, only 300,000 shares have been issued by the company, and all of these issued shares are currently in circulation and held by shareholders.
To determine the total value of the common stock, we can calculate it by multiplying the par value ($10) by the number of outstanding shares (300,000). This results in a total common stock value of $3,000,000. This value signifies the combined worth of all the outstanding shares of common stock held by the shareholders as of the specified date.
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examine the statements by timmy about inventory and carla
about the preparation of the audit program.
what problems can you identify?
solutions to problems.
You are the audit senior, and you are reviewing the working papers written by Timmy, audit staff on the audit of Halmart Inc. You read the following description of the results of testing of inventory
The problems identified require the audit team to improve the quality and reliability of their evidence-gathering processes, develop a tailored audit program, and provide necessary training and support to less-experienced team members.
Lack of documented proof of inventory controls and improper use of an earlier audit program for a different client are two issues mentioned in Timmy and Carla's statements. These issues can be resolved by accumulating more proof to back up inventory control claims, identifying restrictions and carrying out more thorough testing. It is also necessary to create a fresh, customized audit program that is unique to Halmart and takes industry risks into account.
Jason's difficulties comprehending management claims and gathering evidence can be overcome with training, advice, and mentoring from more seasoned team members. By putting these solutions into practice, Halmart Inc. can increase the accuracy and efficiency of its auditing procedure.
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The complete question is "You are the audit senior, and you are reviewing the working papers written by Timmy, audit staff on the audit of Halmart Inc. You read the following description of the results of testing of inventory controls written by the audit staff member: The inventory manager advises that no changes have been made to the inventory programs during the current fiscal year. There are no documents on file authorizing program changes, so I conclude the inventory manager's statement is true. The inventory manager also advises that management did not attempt to override any controls relating to inventory. There are no memoranda or emails from management on file instructing the inventory manager to go against procedures, so I conclude the inventory manager's statement is true. The audit staff member concludes that the inventory controls have not been changed or overridden during the fiscal year, so the results of the interim testing of controls can be relied upon. Carla has been asked to join the team responsible for designing the audit programs for Halmart Carla has worked for the audit firm for a year and received a very high-performance rating from her supervisors on her previous audit on Tyson & Tyson a local supermarket chain. Carla feels confident she can apply her knowledge to the new audit. She takes a copy of the audit program for Tyson Inc. along to the first meeting, intending to suggest they use it as the basis for the audit program for Halmart. Carla thinks the Halmart audit program could use the same substantive procedures that were used on the Tyson & Tyson audit. The Audit Partner has indicated that since Halmart Inc. sells jewelry, the audit will involve the use of a specialist. Jason is the first year Audit Assistant assigned to the audit. He is having challenges understanding management assertions and how it relates to the audit and accumulating evidence. examine the statements by timmy about inventory and carla about the preparation of the audit program.
what problems can you identify?"
Consider a standard AD-AS model.
If the marginal propensity to consume is zero, a temporary tax increase leads to a small increase in inflation in the short run but a large increase in inflation in the long run.
Answer true or false. Please briefly explain your answer.
The given statement, "If the marginal propensity to consume is zero, a temporary tax increase leads to a small increase in inflation in the short run but a large increase in inflation in the long run" is false.
Marginal propensity to consume refers to the change in consumption as a result of a change in income. The marginal propensity to save refers to the change in savings as a result of a change in income.What is a temporary tax?A temporary tax is a tax that is imposed for a limited period of time rather than indefinitely.
A temporary tax is generally used to raise revenue for a specific purpose or to address a particular issue.A standard AD-AS model:The AD-AS model is a standard macroeconomic model that explains how changes in aggregate demand and supply affect the price level and real output.
The model includes two curves, the aggregate demand (AD) curve and the aggregate supply (AS) curve that shows how changes in demand or supply can shift the curve.In conclusion, the statement, "If the marginal propensity to consume is zero, a temporary tax increase leads to a small increase in inflation in the short run but a large increase in inflation in the long run" is false.
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Celaneo Avionics makes aircraft instrumentation. Its basic navigation radio requires $60 in variable costs and $4,000 per month in fixed costs. Celaneo sells 20 radios per month. If the company further processes the radio, to enhance its functionality, it will require an additional $40 per unit of variable costs, plus an increase in fixed costs of $500 per month. The current sales price of the radio is $280. The CEO wishes to improve operating income by $1,200 per month by selling the enhanced version of the radio. In order to meet this target, the sales price to be charged for the enhanced product is A. $380 per unit B. $125 per unit C. $320 per unit D. $405 per unit A small business produces a single product and reports the following data: Sales price Variable cost Fixed cost $8.00 per unit $5.30 per unit $22,000 per month units per Volume 10,000 month The company believes that the volume will go up to 12,000 units if the company reduces its sales price to $7.25. How would this change affect operating income? A. It will increase by $3,600. B. It will decrease by $5,000. C. It will decrease by $3,600. D. It will increase by $5,000. Fuller Industries is considering replacing a machine that is presently used in its production process. Which of the following amounts represents a sunk cost? Replacement Machine $46,000 5 0 age Original cost Remaining useful life in years Current in years Book value Current disposal value in cash Future disposal value in cash (in 5 years) Annual cash operating costs Old Machine $60,000 5 5 $30,000 $9,000 $0 $7,000 $0 $4,000 A. $60,000 B. $30,000 C. $9,000 D. $46,000 Artisan Works is owned and operated by a craftsman who makes replicas of historic firearms for museums, sportsmen, and collectors. The data are as follows: Sales price per unit Variable cost per unit Fixed costs per month $800 470 11,550 If Artisan expects to sell 40 units per month, what is his margin of safety expressed in units per month? O A. 5 units B. 3 units C. 75 units D. 40 units Ambrosia Foods produces a gourmet condiment that sells for $16 per unit. Variable cost is $10 per unit, and fixed costs are $8,000 per month. If Ambrosia expects to sell 1,500 units, compute the margin of safety in units. (Round any intermediate calculations and your final answer to the nearest whole unit.) A. 167 units B. 1,333 units C. 83 units D. 1,500 units
Celaneo Avionics needs to sell the enhanced radio for $380 per unit to improve operating income by $1,200 per month.
Reducing the sales price to $7.25 per unit would decrease operating income by $5,000.
What is the sunk cost?The sunk cost is the book value of the old machine, $30,000.
The margin of safety for Artisan Works is 75 units.
The margin of safety for Ambrosia Foods is 83 units.
Current operating income = ($280 - $60) * 20 - $4,000 = $400
Target operating income = $400 + $1,200 = $1,600
Contribution margin per unit = ($4,000 + $500 + $1,200) / 20 = $305
Sales price = $305 + $40 = $380
Therefore, Celaneo Avionics needs to sell the enhanced radio for $380 per unit to improve operating income by $1,200 per month.
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the auditor's understanding of an entity's internal control over financial reporting are documented using diagrammatic representation known as a(n)
The auditor's understanding of an entity's internal control over financial reporting are documented using diagrammatic representation known as a flowchart.
A flowchart is a graphical depiction of the flow of data, processes, and inputs/outputs within an organization. It's a tool that's been in use for quite some time, and it's still popular with auditors today. It helps auditors comprehend an entity's internal control over financial reporting. Therefore, the auditor's understanding of an entity's internal control over financial reporting is documented using a diagrammatic representation known as a flowchart. An entity refers to any organization that has an existence of its own. It can include anything from a sole proprietorship or a partnership to a publicly traded corporation. It is typically formed to engage in commercial, industrial, or professional activities.
In the context of auditing, control refers to the steps taken by a company to maintain the accuracy of its financial reporting. A company's controls may be automated or manual, and they may be implemented through a variety of procedures, such as segregation of duties, physical security, and authorization procedures.
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How
do you find income from operations?
Given the:
-Sales
-Variable Costs
-Controllable fixed costs
-Average Operational assets
The income from operations is obtained by subtracting the variable costs and the controllable fixed costs from sales. The following formula will be used to determine income from operations:
Income from operations = Sales - (Variable costs + Controllable fixed costs)
Where:
Sales represents the company's net sales revenue.
Variable costs are the costs that fluctuate with changes in output levels.
They are referred to as direct costs because they can be linked to a specific product or service.
Controllable fixed costs are expenses that are under the management's control and can be reduced or eliminated.
They are referred to as indirect costs because they cannot be linked to a specific product or service.Average operational assets are the total amount of assets used by the company to generate revenue.
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Which of the following statements is most CORRECT? a. If a company that produces military equipment merges with a company that manages a chain of motels, this is an example of a horizontal merger. b. A defensive merger is one where the firm's managers decide to merge with another firm to avoid or lessen the possibility of being acquired through a hostile takeover. c. Acquiring firms send a signal that their stock is undervalued if they choose to use stock to pay for the acquisition. d. In a liquidation, the firm's existing stockholders are given new stock representing separate ownership rights in the division that was divested. The division establishes its own board of directors and officers, and it becomes a separate company. the e. If there are no synergistic benefits to be gained from a merger, acquiring company will stop its plans for the merger. However, if synergistic gains are large, plans for the merger will continue. In fact, the greater the synergistic gains, the smaller the gap between the target's current price and the maximum the acquiring company could pay because of the acquiring company's upper hand in the merger.
The most correct statement is: b. A defensive merger is one where the firm's managers decide to merge with another firm to avoid or lessen the possibility of being acquired through a hostile takeover.
What is a defensive merger and its purpose?A defensive merger refers to a strategic move by a company's managers to merge with another firm as a means of safeguarding against or reducing the risk of a hostile takeover.
In such a scenario, the management of the target company initiates a merger with another company to fortify its defenses and make itself a less desirable target for acquisition.
By combining forces with a potential merger partner, the target company aims to increase its value and create obstacles that deter hostile acquirers.
This defensive tactic allows the company's management to maintain control and independence, thus thwarting unwanted takeover attempts.
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.Alyssum, Inc., a merchandising company, has provided the following extracts from their budget for the first quarter of the forthcoming year:
Jan Feb March
Purchases on account $267,000 $291,000 $310,000
The vendors have required the following terms of payment:
Month of purchase 25%
First month of purchase 35%
Second month after the purchase 35%
Calculate the total payment on account for the month of March.
A. $310,000
B. $153,887.50
C. $272,800
D. $146,475
The total payment on account for the month of March is $272,800. The correct option is C.
Purchases on account in January: $267,000
Payment due in March: 25% of $267,000 = $66,750
Purchases on account in February: $291,000
Payment due in March: 35% of $291,000 = $101,850
Purchases on account in March: $310,000
Payment due in March: 35% of $310,000 = $108,500
Total Payment on Account for March = $66,750 + $101,850 + $108,500
Total Payment on Account for March = $277,100
The correct option is C.
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A large regional movie theater has two profit centers (ticket sales and snack concessions) and one cost center (restrooms). The new accounting team has been tasked with setting up a responsibility accounting reporting framework for the theater. The theater has 16 auditoriums (ten of the auditoriums have 150 seats each; the other six auditoriums each have 400 seats) A large concessions area Two large restrooms Required Propose an expense allocation system for one of the following categories of expenses 1. Heating/air conditioning 2. Rent 3. Insurance 4. Wages paid to hourly employees (assume that all employees are "floaters" who share in all theater duties: selling and taking tickets: selling concessions: cleaning auditoriums and restrooms) in your solution, be sure to explain how your expenses will be allocated to the profit centers (ticket sales and snack concessions and the cost center (restrooms. The appropriate allocation base(s) are for you to decide Your solution should be about one paragraph long and does not need to contain any number
A large regional movie theater has two profit centers: ticket sales and snack concessions and one cost center that is restrooms. The new accounting team is assigned with the task of setting up a responsibility accounting reporting framework for the theater.
The theater has a large concessions area, two large restrooms, and 16 auditoriums, of which ten of the auditoriums have 150 seats each while the remaining six auditoriums each have 400 seats. The proposed expense allocation system will be rent. The following are the ways in which expenses will be allocated to profit centers (ticket sales and snack concessions) and cost centers (restrooms).The appropriate allocation base(s) are to be decided as follows:
Restrooms are the only cost center in the theater, hence all expenses related to restrooms will be allocated to the restrooms based on the allocation of restroom space compared to the theater's overall square footage. As there are two large restrooms, the allocation of expenses will be based on the total square footage of these two restrooms compared to the total square footage of the theater.
Allocation of expenses to ticket sales profit center: The rent expenses will be allocated to ticket sales based on the total square footage of the auditoriums that are used for ticket sales compared to the total square footage of the entire theater. This is because ticket sales are done in the auditoriums.
Allocation of expenses to snack concessions profit center: The rent expenses will be allocated to the snack concessions profit center based on the total square footage of the concessions area compared to the total square footage of the theater. This is because the snack concessions are sold in the concessions area.
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Eddie is having a mid-life crisis at age 50. In an attempt to prove that he is equivalent to a 20 year-old, Eddie decides to learn to ski jump at an outdoor ski jumping facility in Northern Michigan. In preparation for his jumping lessons, Eddie visits the local alpine ski shop, The Alps, and asks to speak to a trained associate. He specifies that he will be ski jumping in the U.P., and that he will need an affordable set of skis to use in his jumping lessons. The associate selects a pair of skis from a wide variety of possibilities and Eddie leaves the store a "happy flyer" after his purchase.
Eddie begins his lessons the following day. Unfortunately, he has a horrific crash while using his new skis during his very first jump off a 40 foot jump ramp. Eddie awakens in the emergency room and sees in horror that both his legs have been broken, he needs extensive surgery and physical therapy afterward and he realizes with great disappointment that he will never be able to fulfill his dream of becoming the next Eddie the Eagle ski jumper, his hero from the Olympics years ago. Further, Eddies notices his skis are propped up next to his bed in his hospital room. They are trademarked-stamped "Terrain Park Beginner skis", with a sticker reading, "Gear intended for small tricks and jumps off beginner features no higher than 3 feet".
As a result of this misfortune, Eddie incurs medical expenses of $550,000 for treatment and rehabilitation. His doctor informs him that he has a 20% partial but permanent disability of his legs.
Under the UCC, is The Alps store legally responsible for Eddie's medical expenses and permanent disability? Why or why not? How does the UCC apply in this situation? Fully discuss ALL elements of applicable business laws in support of your answer utilizing proper legal terminology.
In the present instance, Eddie's injuries and related costs may have been caused by a faulty product or by negligence on the part of The Alps shop.
The pertinent components of relevant business legislation, such as the Uniform Commercial Code (UCC), must be considered to determine The Alps store's legal liability for Eddie's medical costs. UCC may not immediately apply in this case as it mostly regulates business transactions involving the sale of commodities. The scenario includes the possibility of a product liability claim. Tort laws, which include product responsibility rules, typically apply in situations when a faulty product endangers a customer.
Identifying a product's problem is a crucial component of a product liability lawsuit. The use of skis in was cause of Eddie's injuries. The maker of skis might be held accountable if it can be proved that they were improperly designed, or labelled. Negligence might be a factor in a product liability lawsuit. When someone fails to use reasonable care and harms another person as a result, that person has engaged in negligence. The Alps store, as the seller, may be held accountable if they sold skis that weren't safe for jumps higher than three feet or if they didn't give the appropriate warnings or instructions.
Additionally, it must be proven that either the skis' flaws or The Alps store's carelessness were the actual causes of Eddie's injuries. This would need proving that the accident and injuries were mostly caused by the usage of the disputed skis. Therefore, it would seem that Eddie's injuries and the expenditures that followed might perhaps be ascribed to a faulty product or carelessness on the part of The Alps shop.
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In a market for used laptops, sellers value high (H) quality ones at $1,250 and low (L) quality ones at $750. Buyers value high quality ones at $1,450 and low quality ones at $910. Assume the buyers have perfect information and the price for H type is $1,300, while the price for L type is $860. The seller surplus on type L is then _____ and the buyer surplus on type H is _____. Group of answer choices
110; 150
110; 125
105; 150
105; 125
The seller surplus on type L is 110 and the buyer surplus on type H is 150. Hence, option A is correct.
Given information: In a market for used laptops, sellers value high (H) quality ones at $1,250 and low (L) quality ones at $750. Buyers value high quality ones at $1,450 and low quality ones at $910. Assume the buyers have perfect information and the price for H type is $1,300, while the price for L type is $860.Seller surplus is the difference between the price received and the seller's willingness to accept (the minimum amount a seller is willing to accept to provide a good or service).
Buyer surplus is the difference between the price paid and the buyer's willingness to pay (the maximum amount a buyer is willing to pay for a good or service).
Calculation: Seller surplus for L type of laptops = Price - Seller's willingness to accept
= $860 - $750= $110
Buyer surplus for H type of laptops = Buyer's willingness to pay - Price
= $1,450 - $1,300
= $150
The seller surplus on type L is 110 and the buyer surplus on type H is 150.
Hence, option A is correct.
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