Yes, it is possible to identify the sequence of the second strand using knowledge of the nucleotide order of one strand.
The genetic material, DNA, is a double-stranded molecule, meaning it has two strands. A series of complementary nucleotide bases make up the individual strands of each DNA molecule. According to Chargaff's proposed complementary base pairing rule, the bases Adenine (A) and Thymine (T) will always hydrogen pair, whereas Guanine (G) will always pair with Cytosine (C), or A-T, G-C.For instance, if one strand's nucleotide sequence was CTAGCGGATC, the other strand's nucleotide sequence would be GATCGCCTAG. As a result, using the knowledge about the base sequence on one strand, it is possible to infer the sequence of the second strand.
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need help please
How do organs in the respiratory system work together to allow a fish to take oxygen into its body?
A. Blood enters the heart through blood vessels, where muscles absorb oxygen. B. Water passes over the gills, where oxygen enters tiny blood vessels.
C. Air enters the windpipe through the alveoli, where the filaments take in oxygen.
D. Lymph enters the lymph nodes, where oxygen is absorbed by the blood.
Answer:
B. Water passes over the gills, where oxygen enters tiny blood vessels.
Fish take water into their mouth, passing the gills just behind its head on each side.Hope Helps:)
when a stem cell divides, it produces two daughter cells. one daughter cell will remain a stem cell, while the other daughter cell will differentiate into a specialized cell. which factor will most directly determine what type of specialized cell will be produced?
Stem cells is that they undergo asymmetric cell division, results in producing two daughter cells that are different from one another. One daughter remains a stem cell, a process called self-renewal .
Stem cell generally divides into two, were one daughter cell goes on to make specialized type of cell, or even gives rise to several different cell types. While the other daughter cell remains a stem cell, ready to produce more stem cells when they are needed.
Stem cell differentiation involves the changing of a cell to form a more specialized cell structure, that involves a switch from proliferation to specialization.
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Which is NOT true about viruses?
A. are very small
B. invade healthy cells
C. contain genetic material
D. are living
Which is NOT true about viruses?
A. are very smallB. invade healthy cellsC. contain genetic materialD. are livingAnswer : D. are living Explanation: As we all know that, viruses are very small that we can't even see them with nakd eyes. To see viruses we need a good microscope. So, option A "are very small" is true. Hence, it is not the answer.Now, we also know that viruses use healthy cells as host and use these cells to produce more viruses which result in killing or damaging healthy cells. So, option B "invade healthy cells" is also true. Hence, it is also not the answer.We know that viruses have genetic materials inside them which are made up of nucleic acid. So, option C "contain genetic material" is also true. Hence, it is also not the answer.Viruses are not living as these are not made up of cells, instead they use cells of other organisms to multiply. So, option D "are living" is not true. Hence, option D is the correct answer of this question.Answer:
d) are living
Explanation:
Viruses are not living cells. They act like dead outside the host body and act like living inside the host body. Therefore, the option (d) is the correct answer.
multicellular organisms ensure that most proteins are produced at appropriate times and in appropriate cell types via the regulation of the that encode these proteins.
By controlling the expression of the genes encoding these proteins, multicellular organisms make sure that the majority of proteins are created when necessary and in the right cell types.
Why are the genes that are expressed at any given time in multicellular eukaryotes required to be regulated?Conserving energy and space is achieved through the regulation of gene expression. Since expressing every gene would cost a large amount of energy from the organism, turning on the genes just when necessary would be more energy-efficient.
What controls the creation of proteins?Most proteins can be modified covalently or by joining with other molecules after they have been produced, allowing them to be controlled in response to signals from the extracellular environment. Differential rates of protein cleavage can regulate the amount of proteins in cells.
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If the 5′ → 3′ nucleotide sequence on the nontemplate dna strand is cat, what is the corresponding codon on mrna?.
If the 5′ → 3′ nucleotide sequence on the non template DNA strand is CAT, the corresponding codon on mRNA will be CAU. DNA first gets converted into RNA and then the complementary codon is read on mRNA.
Both the coding (or sense) and the template (or non-coding, or anti-sense) strands of DNA are complementary and anti-parallel. During transcription, the RNA polymerase "reads" the template strand in the 3' to 5' direction to create a complementary RNA that is in the 5' to 3' direction. Since the template strand of DNA is complementary to both the coding strand of DNA and the RNA, the coding (or sense) strand reveals the meaning of the RNA, except that all Ts in the coding strand are converted to Us in RNA because RNA employs uracil bases rather than thymine bases. Hence, the CAT on DNA template strand first converts into GTA and then changes to CAU. Here A gets replaced by U because of presence of mRNA.
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Why mitosis is necessary for growth?
In living organisms, mitosis helps with tissue repair and size expansion.
Before mitosis starts, the chromosomes have duplicated and the proteins that make up the spindle of the mitotic cell have been produced. Prophase is when mitosis begins, as shown by the chromosomes thickening and coiling. The nucleolus, an expanding sphere, collapses and disappears.
The commencement of a collection of fibers organizing to form a spindle and the breakdown of the nuclear membrane, respectively, mark the beginning and end of prophase.
Traditionally, mitosis is divided into five phases: Prophase, Prometaphase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase, and Cytokinesis.
Prophase:- Prophase is the initial stage of cell division in both mitosis and meiosis. DNA replication begins after interphase and begins when the cell reaches prophase. The essential processes occur during prophase, including chromatin reticulum condensing and nucleolus disappearing.
Prometaphase:- Prometaphase, the second stage of mitosis, is the division of the duplicated genetic material present in a parent cell's nucleus into two identical daughter cells. Prometaphase is characterized by the breakdown of the nuclear envelope, a protective physical layer around the nucleus.
Metaphase:- Chromosomes enter mitosis, also known as metaphase, during the second most tightly wound and condensed condition of the eukaryotic cell cycle. Before being split into the two daughter cells, the genetically encoded chromosomes align at the cell's equator.
Anaphase:- The mitotic stage known as anaphase follows the metaphase procedure, which divides replicated chromosomes and transfers the freshly copied chromosomes to opposing poles of the cell.
Telophase:- When the chromosomes migrate in opposing directions during the telophase, the process of cell division's last phase, two new cells can be created from a single cell. When a cell completes the process of meiosis or mitosis, it enters a phase where it is effectively getting ready to split into two new cells.
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PLEASE HELP FAST!
Which statement best compares potential and kinetic energy?
A.) Objects always have more potential energy than kinetic energy.
B.) Kinetic energy increases and potential energy decreases when the velocity of an object increases.
C.)Only potential energy decreases when an object’s height increases.
D.) Objects always have more kinetic energy than potential energy.
Who used x-rays to study DNA?
Answer:
Rosalind Franklin used x-rays to study DNA
What is your opinion? Do you think viruses should be classified as life? __Why or why not?
the feature on the frontal bone (forehead) that is often used to make a positive identification by comparing antemortem and postmortem radiographs is called the:
By visually comparing the antemortem and postmortem, medical examiners can quickly make a positive identification.
Which of these three intraoral radiograph kinds are they?The upper and lower teeth in one area of the mouth are clearly visible in bite-wing X-rays.
Periapical X-rays display the entire tooth, including the crown, the remainder of the root, and the area of the tooth that is anchored in the jaw.
Full tooth development can be seen on occlusal X-rays, which are bigger.
How are radiographs employed in forensic research?After a firearm explosion or incident, radiographs may show that there are bullets or other foreign objects in the soft tissues. The existence of radio opaque items in the soft tissues after an air crash disaster may shed light on the crash's cause.
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preganglionic neurons of the parasympathetic nervous system have __________ origin.
The parasympathetic nervous system's preganglionic neurons have their roots in the craniosacral region.
What does a brain what does that do?The basic building blocks of the brain and nervous system are neurons, which are also the cells in charge of processing and relaying electrical signals at each stage of sensory input from the outside world, sending motor commands to our muscles, and receiving sensory input from the inside of our bodies.
Are neurons restricted to the brain?The brain's neurons are the cells responsible for transmitting and receiving electrical and chemical messages. They serve as the brain's building blocks and carry signals to all of the body's tissues, muscles, and other neurons.
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How are the ages of extinct organisms determined?
O by studying the concentration of radioactive atoms in their fossils
by measuring how much the fossils' appearance has changed
O by studying the hardness of their fossils
O by counting the number of fossils known for a species
Answer:
Second one
Explanation:
calculate the amount of energy involved when 325g of steam at 100 degrees celsius is condensed to water at 100 degrees celsuis
To calculate the amount of energy involved in the condensation of steam to water, you need to use the equation for calculating the heat of vaporization. The heat of vaporization is the amount of energy required to turn a given amount of a substance from a liquid to a gas at a constant temperature.
For water, the heat of vaporization is approximately 40.7 kJ/mol. To calculate the energy involved in the condensation of 325 g of steam to water, you need to first convert the mass of the steam to moles using the molar mass of water, which is 18.015 g/mol.
Thus, 325 g of steam is equal to 325 g / 18.015 g/mol = 18.06 mol of water.
Using the heat of vaporization, the energy required to condense 18.06 mol of water from steam to a liquid at 100 degrees celsius is 18.06 mol * 40.7 kJ/mol = 735.9 kJ.
This is the amount of energy that must be removed in order to condense the steam to a liquid at 100 degrees celsius.
the dna extraction protocol includes the heat inactivation of proteinase k. why is this step necessary? (3 pts)
The step of heat inactivation of proteinase k is necessary so that the DNA samples can be prevented from degradation.
In the DNA extraction protocol, the proteinase k is used at the beginning of the extraction process in order to separate our sample DNA from the entire strand that is not needed.
However, after doing so, the proteinase k has to be immediately inactivated by using heat. This is because proteinase k is an enzyme that degrades DNA by cutting it. Hence, in order for our DNA sample to remain intact and not be cut or degraded, the proteinase k is inactivated by using heat.
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Active transport can best be described as:
the movement of molecules against their concentration gradient, from areas of lower concentration to areas of higher concentration.
the diffusion of water from areas where water concentration is higher to areas where water concentration is lower.
the movement of molecules into a cell through phagocytosis and an invagination of the plasma membrane.
the movement of molecules with their concentration gradient, from areas of higher concentration to areas of lower concentration.
Active transport can best be described as:the movement of molecules against their concentration gradient, from areas of lower concentration to areas of higher concentration
What is Active transport?Typically, active transport is linked to the accumulation of significant amounts of substances that the cell requires, such as ions, glucose, and amino acids. Humans' intestines' ability to absorb glucose and plants' ability to absorb mineral ions into their root hair cells are two examples of active transport in action.Through the utilization of cellular energy, active transport involves the movement of molecules across a cell membrane. Passive transport, which uses just kinetic energy to move the molecules, is an alternative to active transport. The movement of molecules or ions across a cell membrane against a concentration gradient, from an area of lower concentration to a region of greater concentration, is known as active transport.To learn more about Active transport refer to:
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Active transport is the movement of chemicals from a low-concentration region to a high-concentration region, going against the gradient of concentration.
What is active transport against the concentration gradient?This procedure is "active" because it uses energy. Passive transport is at odds with it.Carrier proteins are needed for active transport, and they change conformation when ATP hydrolysis takes place.Typical errors and misunderstandingsFacilitated diffusion differs from active transport. Proteins are used to facilitate transport in both facilitated diffusion and active transport. However, active transport moves substances from low-concentration areas to high-concentration areas, working against the concentration gradient. They use various proteins, which is another difference. Listed below.Instead of channel proteins, active transport utilizes carrier proteins. Because they require ATP to change conformation, these carrier proteins are distinct from those observed in facilitated diffusion. Since substances can only pass through channel proteins along the concentration gradient, they are not used in active transport.To Learn more About Active transport refer To:
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you are doing a biochemical analysis of molecules from cells from patients with a certain disease compared to cells from control patients who do not have the disease. you find that patients with the disease have unusually high levels of cytosine molecules with ch3 groups attached to their cells. which modification has taken place in the cells from the disease patients?
Epigenetic modification, or DNA methylated bases, is the term used to describe the cell alteration linked to differential cytosine methylation on disease patients' cytosine bases.
Epigenetics: What is it?Epigenetics is a branch of genetics that focuses on how various chemical alterations to the DNA nucleotide sequence and associated chromatin proteins (histones) may change how some genes are expressed. This knowledge is crucial for understanding both normal development and disease states.
The epigenetic changes, which control how genes are expressed in specialized eukaryotic cells, include acetylation and/or methylation of histones, DNA methylation clustered on CpG islets (cytosine-rich areas), non-coding RNA pathways, etc.
Given this information, we can conclude that the study of how chemical groups added to DNA affect its phenotype is known as epigenetics, a branch of genetics.
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If two areas on separate continents have similar climates do they have similar communities Explain your answer
Answer:Yes they are similar.
Explanation:
Select the correct answer. Which organism develops breathing organs from pharyngeal arches? a. Shark b. Whale c. Sea star d. Dolphin.
Shark is the correct option for the following question develops breathing organs from pharyngeal arches
The pharyngeal arch arises from the cranial (head) portion of the neural crest. This part is a band of tissue that runs down the back of the embryo and gives rise to many different organs. Pharyngeal arches produce cartilage, bones, nerves, muscles, glands, and connective tissue of the face and neck. Pharyngeal arches produce cartilage, bones, nerves, muscles, glands, and connective tissue of the face and neck. Mammalian embryos have five pairs of these pharyngeal arches. The gill arches, also called pharyngeal or visceral arches, are embryonic structures found in vertebrate development that serve as precursors to many structures of the face and neck. Peritonsillar abscess and head. These arches are composed of the central mesoderm nucleus
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the mucous membrane that lines the eyelids and is reflected over the anterior surface of the eyeball is the conjunctiva.
True, the mucous membrane that lines the eyelids and is reflected over the anterior surface of the eyeball is the conjunctiva.
The mucous membrane that lines the eyelid and eye surface is known as the conjunctiva. The conjunctiva is clear and colorless in a healthy eye. The sclera is the eyeball's strong outer coat (the white of the eye).
The sclera is the white covering of tissue that covers and protects practically the entire surface of the eyeball. The conjunctiva is a transparent membrane that covers the front of the eye and lines the inside of the eyelids.
Some organs and bodily cavities have a wet inner lining (such as the nose, mouth, lungs, and stomach). Mucus is produced by glands in the mucous membrane (a thick, slippery fluid). Also known as mucosa.
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during photosynthesis, light energy is converted to energy, a form of potential energy that all organisms can use. t or f
during photosynthesis, light energy is converted to chemical energy, a form of potential energy that all organisms can use. True.
Photosynthesis is defined as a process in which green leafy plants, with the use of sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide, synthesize nutrients and chemical energy in order to grow. The process of photosynthesis, besides its direct benefits for plants in the production of nutrients, are also beneficial for other living beings as it produces a byproduct in the form of oxygen that is beneficial for other living beings, and also beneficial in maintaining the balance of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.
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Your question seems to be incomplete, but I suppose your question was:
"During photosynthesis light energy is converted to _____ energy, a form of potential energy that all organisms can use. True or false"
chromosomal mutations can affect multiple genes, true or false?
Which lettered points would you use to show zoe’s voluntary action of choosing to move her leg out of the way? what should the labels be?
Point D is designated for Zoe's voluntarily moving her leg out of the way. The signal that travels down the spinal cord to the skeletal muscle originates at point B. Zoe moves her leg out of the way from point C by using her muscles.
When an action is carried out with the involvement of thoughts, it is referred to as voluntary action.
Usually, the brain is in charge of controlling voluntary actions. These are the deliberate activities that the brain and spinal cord work together to accomplish.
Point D in the scenario stands in for Zoe's voluntarily moving her leg out of the way. The signal reaches the skeletal muscle at Point B after travelling down the spinal cord. Zoe moves her leg away from point C by using muscle.
Point D is the solution as a result.
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Janet was diagnosed with breast cancer nine months ago. Now the cancer has spread to her lymph glands as well. What is this process called when cancer "spreads" to other (secondary) sites in the body?.
The name for the process by which cancer "spreads" to other (secondary) sites in the body is metastasis.
Cancer that spreads from its origin to distant parts of the body is called metastatic cancer. In many types of cancer, it is also known as stage IV (4) cancer. The process by which cancer cells spread to other parts of the body is called metastasis. metastasis. In metastasis, cancer cells leave where they originated (primary cancer), travel through the blood or lymph system, and form new tumors (metastatic tumors) in other parts of the body. A metastatic tumor is the same type of cancer as the primary tumor. In some cases, metastatic cancer can be cured. However, for most metastatic cancers, treatment does not cure the cancer but can slow its growth and relieve symptoms. You can live with certain types of cancer for months or years even after you develop metastatic disease.
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PLEASE HURRY!!!!! NEED HELP ASAP!!!!
Which physical adaptations increase a plant’s chances of growing in grasslands?
(Select all that apply.)
A. having deep roots to survive grazing animals
B. having leaf shapes that do not hold water
C. having waxy leaves
D. having deep roots to survive fires
Answer:
Explanation:
A. having deep roots to survive grazing animals
B. having leaf shapes that do not hold water
D. having deep roots to survive fires
Plants that grow in grasslands must be able to survive in a variety of conditions, including hot temperatures, dry conditions, and frequent fires. In order to do so, they have developed a number of physical adaptations that increase their chances of survival.
One adaptation that helps plants survive grazing animals is having deep roots. These roots can allow the plant to access water and nutrients that are deeper in the soil, which can help it survive even when the surface of the soil has been damaged by grazing animals.
Another adaptation that helps plants survive in grasslands is having leaf shapes that do not hold water. This can help prevent the plant from losing water through evaporation, which is especially important in hot and dry conditions.
Having deep roots can also help plants survive fires, as these roots can allow the plant to access water and nutrients that are deeper in the soil and help it regenerate after a fire.
While having waxy leaves can help some plants retain moisture in dry conditions, it is not necessarily an adaptation that is specific to grasslands.
primary somatosensory cortex as well as many other sensory functions are located in this lobe of the brain.
The parietal lobe contains the postcentral gyrus, a ridge of cortex that houses the primary somatosensory cortex.
What function does the somatosensory cortex perform?The primary somatic nervous system (S1) is essential for processing afferent somatosensory information and helps to integrate the sensory and motor impulses required for dexterous movement.
what is The somatosensory cortex is what, where, ?Brodmann's areas 3a, 3b, 1 and 2 are four separate regions, or fields, that make up the somatic sensory cortex in mammals, which itself is situated in the parietal lobe. All four regions are involved in the processing of tactile input, because although area 3b is typically referred to as the major sensory nerve cortex (also known as SI).
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how are dtc ancestry databases used in identification of individuals from a dna sample? select all that apply.
These examinations reveal a person's ancestry and can facilitate relationships between individuals and their families.
What distinguishes ancestry based on genealogy from ancestry based on genetics?The natural term for this type of ancestry is genetic ancestry, which varies from genealogical ancestry in that it refers to the subset of routes within your lineage by which the genetic material in your genome has been passed down.
How would one define genetics?Watch your pronunciation. (jeh-NEH-tix) research into genes and heredity. The transmission of genetic features and information from parents to children is known as heredity. These qualities can include eye color and a higher risk of contracting a certain disease.
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how rapidly are tropical forests being cleared and degraded and why is such cutting viewed as a serious global environmental problem?
Deforestation refers to destruction of naturally occurring forests, that takes place primarily due to human activities .
Activities includes cutting trees for fuel, burning agriculture, clearing land for livestock grazing, mining operations, oil extraction, dam building, and urban sprawl or other types of urban development and population expansion.
Their are many effects of deforestation that includes loss of trees and other vegetation that have major effects on climate, desertification, soil erosion, flooding, increased greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. It is one of the major environmental concern that may leads to loss of biodiversity, damage to natural habitats, disturbances in the water cycle, and soil erosion.
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acquired specific immunity involves the response of group of answer choices interferon. mucus membranes. skin barriers. lysozyme. b and t lymphocytes.
Acquired specific immunity involves the response of b and t lymphocytes (option 5).
What is the acquired specific immunity?Acquired specific immunity is a type of immune response that emerges after contact with pathogenic agents (for example a virus or bacteria), which involves the activation of specialized cells of the immune system called lymphocytes that may recognize antigens presenters in the pathogen.
Therefore, with this data, we can see that acquired specific immunity is able to recognize and destroy pathogenic agents after the first contact, and this type of response requires lymphocytic cells.
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The table below shows digestive enzymes and the reactions that they catalyse. What word goes in blank B?
The enzyme known as lipase is responsible for breaking any lipids present in the form of emulsified fat and turning them into fatty acids and glycerol.
Lipids ⇒ glycerol + fatty acids.
What is the substrate and product for the enzyme Lipase?The triglyceride, which is the fundamental component of lipids, serves as the substrate, and the glycerol and fatty acids that make up the triglyceride serve as the product.
What is lipase?The body employs the enzyme lipase to digest dietary fats so they may be absorbed in the intestines. The pancreas, mouth, and stomach all manufacture lipase. Individuals with cystic fibrosis, Crohn's disease, and celiac disease may not have enough pancreatic lipase to obtain the nourishment they require from food, despite the fact that most people do.
The pancreas also secretes glucagon and insulin, two hormones required by the body to break down sugar in the bloodstream, in addition to lipase. Other pancreatic enzymes include protease, which breaks down protein into individual amino acids, and amylase, which converts a specific starch into its sugar building blocks.
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Which of these is the average of all data
points?
A. mean
B. standard deviation
C. t-test
Answer: A. mean
Explanation:
Average is when all data add together and divided by the number. So mean is the right answer.