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Vaccines are substances made from components of virus, bacteria, parasites, or other microbes that are administered as a preventative measure to help protect people from infection with a particular microorganism. Vaccines help the immune system recognize and attack a particular organism, in this case, an antivirus, by introducing harmless versions of the microorganism into the body. After a vaccine is introduced, the immune system begins to build up an immunity to the specific virus, thus reducing or eliminating the risk of becoming infected.
The most common types of antiviral vaccines are made from inactivated virus particles (like the polio vaccine) or from weakened live virus particles (like the measles vaccine). Inactivated viruses are killed using heat, chemicals, or other methods, which render the virus unable to cause infection. The virus is then used to create the vaccine. Weakened live virus vaccines use live virus particles that have been altered so they cannot multiply and cause illness.
Once the vaccine is administered, it stimulates the body’s immune system to develop antibodies and remember the virus or infection. This enables the body to respond rapidly if encountered with the real virus, preventing infection and potential illness. Vaccines can be given in the form of a shot, orally, or by a nasal spray.
For antiviral vaccines, the goal is typically to prevent the transmission and spread of the virus, reduce severe illnesses, and mortality, decrease long-term disability, and prevent viral evolution that leads to drug resistance. It is also important to remember that not all viruses can be prevented with a vaccine. Vaccines are typically used to prevent infection from viruses or other pathogens that cause severe, long-term illnesses and death.
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