Describe where metals come from, and give one example of how metals are used based on their physical properties.​

The structure of one form of boron nitride . this form of boron nitride is one of the hardest substances known as the boron nitride  is the network solid of atoms that are covalently bonded with the fixed angle.

The boron nitride is the solid network of covalently bonded atom with fix angle. boron nitride will compressed to a super hard. its hardness based on the lattice work of the boron and the nitrogen atoms.

Thus, The structure of one form of boron nitride . this form of boron nitride is one of the hardest substances known as the boron nitride  is the network solid of atoms that are covalently bonded with the fixed angle.

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0.612 gram of calcium chloride is produced and excess reactant is 9.19 grams.

The balanced chemical equation is -

[tex] Ca(OH)_{2}[/tex] + 2HCl -> [tex] CaCl_{2}[/tex] + 2[tex] H_{2}[/tex]O. The reactants on LHS are calcium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid while products on RHS are calcium chloride and water.

Calculating the product formed from 9.30 gram of calcium hydroxide

Molar mass of calcium hydroxide = 111 gram

Molar mass of calcium hydroxide = 74 gram

Mass of calcium chloride produced from calcium hydroxide = (9.6 × 111) ÷ 74

Mass of calcium chloride produced from calcium hydroxide = 14.38 gram

Mass of calcium chloride produced from hydrochloric acid = (34.5/1000) × 0.320 × 111 × (1/2)

Mass of calcium chloride produced from hydrochloric acid = 0.612 gram

Since hydrochloric acid is the limiting reagent, it complete consumption will stop the process. Hence, after completion of reaction, 0.612 gram of calcium chloride will be formed.

Initial amount of HCl = (34.5/1000) × 0.320

Initial amount of HCl = 0.0110 moles of HCl

Moles of [tex] Ca(OH)_{2}[/tex] used = 0.0110 × (1/2)

Moles of [tex] Ca(OH)_{2}[/tex] used = 0.00552 moles

Initial amount of [tex] Ca(OH)_{2}[/tex] = 9.60/74.09

Initial amount of [tex] Ca(OH)_{2}[/tex] = 0.1296 moles

Excess reactant = (0.1296 - 0.00552) × 74.09

Excess reactant = 9.19 grams.

The reaction will produce 0.612 grams hydrochloric acid and 9.19 grams of excess reactant.

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The complete question is attached in diagram.

Yes, because Ionic compounds only have single bonds, but Covalent compounds can have double and triple bonds.

In Ionic compounds, the Lewis Dot Structure shows how the electrons are being transferred to form ions in the compound. In covalent compounds, the Lewis Dot Structures must show how the electrons are being shared to complete the outermost shell of each atom in the molecule. In Lewis electron structures, we can see bonding pairs, which are shared by two atoms as well as lone pairs which are not shared between two atoms. If both electrons come from the same atom in a covalent bond, the bond is known as a coordinate covalent bond.

So we can conclude that option A is the right answer.

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1 mol of H2 gas were produced in the reaction

Zn + 2HCl --> ZnCl2 + H2

This is a single displacement reaction

What is a single displacement reaction?

It is a kind of oxidation-reduction chemical reaction when an ion or element moves out of a compound, i.e., one element is replaced by the other in a compound.

What is mole ratio?

It is the ratio between amounts in moles of any two compounds involved in a balanced chemical reaction.

As we can see mole ratio from the coefficient of balanced reaction:

2 moles of HCl produces 1 mole of H2 gas

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Answer:

The Biosphere is the part of the earth where life exists.

Biosphere is all organisms on Earth for example plants animals and microoganisms.

Explanation:

The most appropriate indicator for titrating aqueous aniline solutions is methyl red with a pH of 5.87.

Aniline (a weak base) when titrated with a strong acid will neutralize at a pH of less than 7.

The reaction will be

                               B + H⁺ → BH⁺ + Cl⁻

BH+ will hydrolyze as:

                               BH⁺+ H₂O ⇄ B + H₃O⁺

Ka conjugate acid aniline = 10⁻¹⁴/7.4 x 10⁻¹⁰ = 1.35 x 10⁻⁵

pKa = 4.87

Probable pH at the equivalence point = 4.87 + 1.00 = 5.87

The most appropriate indicator is methyl red with a pH equivalent point of 5–6.

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1) The endocrine glands pictured above are:

2) Organs of the endocrine system are often called glands. An organ is responsible for the production of one or more substances such as hormones, digestive juices, perspiration, tears, saliva, or milk.

The compounds are released directly into the circulation by the endocrine glands. The compounds are released by exocrine glands into a duct or aperture to the interior or outside of the body.

3) Pituitary Gland produces the following hormones:

The endocrine system regulates juvenile growth and development, adult body processes, and the reproductive process. All of the body's key activities and processes are controlled and regulated by the endocrine system: Energy management. Reproduction.

The pituitary gland, for example, is located at the base of the brain and is no larger than a pea. Despite its tiny size, the pituitary gland is sometimes referred to as the "master gland." Many other endocrine glands are controlled by the hormones it produces.

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To find the volume, known grahams law of diffusion.

What is grahams law of diffusion?

The rate of diffusion or effusion of a gas is inversely related to its square root of molar mass, according to Graham's Law. The majority of the time, particles in a material that are in a low-concentration area will move to a high-concentration area. When we spray scented air freshener or perfume in one area of the room and then we can smell it throughout the entire space, this process is easily illustrated. The SI unit for the diffusion coefficient is square meters per second (m2/s).

What is Volume ?

The amount of cubic space a three-dimensional object takes up (measured in inches, quarts, or centimeters): square footage.

Therefore, the same volume of helium to pass through the hole under the same conditions will be same.

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The volume (in litres at 298 K and 6.09 atm) of chlorine gas, Cl₂, that is required to react with 7.44 g of P is 2.41 L

To determine the volume of the chlorine gas that will react with 7.44 g of P, we shall begin by obtaining the mole of the chlorine gas, Cl₂ that reacted. This can be obtained as follow:

2P + 5Cl₂ → 2PCl₅

From the balanced equation above,

2 moles of P reacted with 5 moles of Cl₂

Therefore,

0.24 moles of P will react with = (0.24 × 5) / 2 = 0.6 mole of Cl₂

Haven obtain the mole of chlorine gas, Cl₂, we shall determine the volume of the chlorine gas, Cl₂, required by using the ideal gas equation. This is shown below

PV = nRT

6.09 × V = 0.6 × 0.0821 × 299

Divide both sides by 6.09

V = (0.6 × 0.0821 × 299) / 6.09

V = 2.41 L

Thus, the volume of chlorine gas required is 2.41 L

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The amount of brownie mix bags needed to use up 3 eggs and 1 cup of oil is 3, option C.

1 egg and 1/3 cup of oil is needed for a brownie mix bag

Therefore the brownie mix bags needed to consume 3 eggs and a cup of oil is equal to;

1 egg and 1/3 cup = 1 brownie mix bag

3 eggs and 1 cup = ?

Cross multiplied;

3/1 x 1 = 3

For one cup of oil and 3 eggs to be used up, it requires 3 bags of brownie mix.

The complete question is:

If 1 egg and 1/3 cup of oil are needed for each bag of brownie mix, how many bags of brownie mix do you need if you want to use up all 3 eggs and 1 cup of oil?

a. 1

b. 2

c. 3

d. 4

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The number of bonding pairs is equal to 3 and the number of lone pairs is 1.

Each atom shares an electron when two atoms join together to create a bond. The electrons involved in this relationship are referred to as the bond pairs of electrons. A lone pair, also known as an unshared pair or a non-bonding pair, is a pair of valence electrons that are not shared with another atom in a covalent bond. Atoms' outermost electron shell contains lone pairs.

Each nitrogen atom in N₂ has three bonding pairs and one lone pair.

Formal charge = Number of Valence Electrons - Number of Lone Electron Pairs - (Number of Bonded Electron Pairs/2) = 5 - 2 - (6/2) = 0

Therefore, each nitrogen atom in N₂ has a formal charge of zero.

The complete question is attached as an image as the question given is incomplete.

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The oscillation of the oxygen atom occurs with frequency fo = 3.7 × 10¹³ Hz when oxygen atom replace to sulfur the frequency of sulfur is 2.7 × 10¹³ Hz.

The frequency expression is given as :

F = ( 1/ 2π ) × √(k/m)

or F² m =  k / 4π²

now. if oxygen atom is replaced by the sulfur atom:

(F² m) oxygen = ( F² m) sulfur

F sulfur = F oxygen × √ (m oxygen / m sulfur)

F sulfur = 3.7 × 10¹³  × √ 16 / 32

F sulfur = 2.7 × 10¹³ Hz.

Thus, An oxygen atom at a particular site within a DNA molecule can be made to execute simple harmonic motion when illuminated by infrared light. the oxygen atom is bound with a spring-like chemical bond to a phosphorus atom, which is rigidly attached to the DNA backbone. the oscillation of the oxygen atom occurs with frequency fo = 3.7 × 10¹³ Hz when oxygen atom replace to  sulfur atom the frequency of sulfur is 2.7 × 10¹³ Hz.

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Answer:

1. Pharynx

2. Larnyx

3. Mouth

4. Trachea

5. Lungs

6. Diaphragm

7. Bronchi

8. Alveoli

9. Nasal Cavity

10. Bronchioles

The density of the penny is 2g/mol

Density is a measure of how compact the mass in a substance or object is

Here given data is

Mass of penny = 3gram

Volume of penny = 31.5 ml after penny was dropped

Volume of penny = 30 ml before penny was dropped

We have to calculate the density of penny = ?

Volume of penny = 31.5 - 30ml = 1.5ml

So density = mass/volume

Density = 3gram/1.5ml

Density = 2g/mol

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If we wanted to produce 4 moles of SO3 gas, we needed to react: 4 moles of SO2. This is because SO2 to SO3 coefficient ratio is 2:2.

To determine how many moles we need to react, first, we got to write the balanced chemical equation of this reaction:

2SO2(g) + O2(g) --> 2SO3(g)

The number of coefficients is equal to the ratio of moles. The ratio of SO2: SO3 is 2:2. As we want to produce 4 moles of SO3 gas, the amount of SO2 we would need to react will also be 4 moles. Hence, the correct answer is 4 moles of SO2.

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A solid consisting of clear crystals is combined with a blue liquid in a container and the following observations are obtained 3.

A chemical response might be going on these aren't specific indicators a chemical response may not be occurring. An exchange in shade isn't constantly a chemical change. A chemical change has taken region. One way that we recognize that is due to the fact bubbles are fashioned. those bubbles suggest that the hydrogen peroxide has been damaged aside from water and oxygen.

The trade that happens whilst or greater materials act on each other to form an exceptional substance. Use this word in a sentence or provide an instance to show you understand what means when the color scent and flavor of the aggregate changed I knew a chemical reaction had taken place. sometimes when solutions go through a chemical reaction one of the new products formed from the response is not soluble.

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The work for the compression process is 3719.3 J.

What is ideal gas law ?

The ideal gas is the virtual gas that chemists and students dream of because it would be much simpler if there weren't some kind of intermolecular force that would complicate the simple law of the ideal gas. An ideal gas is essentially a point cloud moving with constant random linear motion. Its behavior is described by the assumptions described in the kinetic molecular theory of gases. This ideal gas definition contrasts with the non-ideal gas definition. This is because this equation describes how gases actually behave. First, let us consider the ideal gas. The ideal gas law is simply a combination of all the simple gas laws (Boyle's law, Charles' law, Avogadro's law), and if you learn this law, you've learned them all. . The simple gas law can always be derived from the ideal gas equation.

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The plant’s production of carbohydrates stops producing high-energy sugars altogether.

When carbon dioxide is completely removed from a plant's environment it is expected that the plant will stop producing energy-rich sugars altogether.CO2 is required for plants to photosynthesize. So without CO2, plants have no way to make energy. In this scenario, it will probably wither.

Carbon dioxide is an important greenhouse gas and helps trap heat in the atmosphere. Without them, our planet would be uninhabitable and cold. Plant photosynthesis produces oxygen and carbohydrates in a strict ratio, so we run out of oxygen as soon as we eat. But lethal levels of carbon dioxide will be reached long before these things happen.

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There would be a total of about  4 half lives

Half-life is a term used in nuclear physics and chemistry to describe the amount of time it takes for half of a given quantity of a radioactive substance to decay. It is the time required for half of the original quantity of the substance to undergo radioactive decay.

We know that;

N/No = (1/2)^t/t1/2

6/96 = (1/2)^t/950 * 10^6

(1/2)^4 = (1/2)^t/950 * 10^6

4 = t/950 * 10^6

t = 3.8 * 10^9

Number of half lives = 3.8 * 10^9/950 * 10^6

= 4 half lives

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The result of all of these scientific contributions except Rutherford's gold foil experiment proved the existence of the nucleus.

The valence electrons mainly determine the chemical houses of the elements. The elements inside the equal group have comparable chemical homes because they have identical valence shell electron configurations. The electrons in the power degrees with the highest range are in common the farthest from the nucleus.

Because variations in electrons placed inside the outermost stage distinguish an atom from its nearest noble fuel these are the electrons accountable for the atom's chemical conduct. Electrons located inside the outermost shell of the electron cloud are called valence electrons and feature the best power. Valence electrons determine the chemical homes of an element or how the valence electrons of 1 element are shared or traded with valence electrons of other elements to create new molecules.

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Only one molecule have sp2 hybridization on central atom and that is SO₂.

XeCl₂ have sp3d hybridization.

OCl₂ have sp3 hybridization.

HCN have sp hybridization.

Hybridization is defined as the concept of mixing two atomic orbitals to give rise to a new type of hybridized orbitals.

Hybridization intermixing usually results in the formation of hybrid orbitals having entirely different energies, shapes, etc.

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At 318 kelvin temperature will the vapor pressure be 4.50 times higher than it was at 301k.

Given : [tex]P_{1}=p_{1},P_{2}=4.50p_{1},T_{1}=301k,H=71.77kj/mol[/tex]

Substituting in the given equation:

[tex]ln(4.50p_{1}/p_{1})=71.77*1000/8.314(1/301-1/T_{2})[/tex]

[tex]1.50=8632(1/301-1/T_{2})[/tex]

[tex]1.50=28.67-8632/T_{2}[/tex]

[tex]T_{2}=8632/21.17[/tex][tex]T_{2}=317K[/tex]

State Clausius-Clapeyron theorem.
The Clausius-Clapeyron relation describes the relationship between pressure and temperature at a non - continuous phase bridge between the two phases of matter of the a single constituent, with vapour pressure playing a key role.

State Clausius-Clapeyron equation

[tex]ln(p2/p1)=H/R(1/T_{1}-1/T_{2})[/tex]

Thus, at 318K temperature, the vapor pressure is 4.50 higher times than it was at 301K.

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An (aq) + 1 e⁻ → A⁻(aq) at the cathode and B(aq) → B⁺(aq) + 1e⁻ at the anode.

Oxidation is lost at the anode consequently, the oxidation 1/2-response happens in the 1/2-cellular containing the anode. discount is received at the cathode so the reduction half-response takes place in the 1/2-mobile containing the cathode. the only one with the highest discount potential might be what you need to pick out because the reduction 1/2-response and therefore be your cathode.

The one with the lowest reduction potential will be what you want to select as the oxidation-1/2 response and consequently be your anode. The response at the anode is oxidation and that on the cathode is discount. right here, the anode is superb and the cathode is the terrible electrode. The anode is the electrode where electricity moves into. The cathode is the electrode in which power is given out or flows out. The anode is typically the effective aspect. A cathode is a poor side.

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The correct chemical formulas are as follows -

Reactant - [tex] H_{2}O [/tex] (aq) and F(-) (l)

Product - HF (aq) and OH(-) (aq)

The complete chemical reaction is as follows -

[tex] H_{2}O [/tex] + [tex] {F}^{ - } [/tex] --> HF + [tex] {OH}^{ - } [/tex].

In this chemically balanced reaction, [tex] H_{2}O [/tex] is water, [tex] {F}^{ - } [/tex] is fluorine ion, HF is hydrogen fluoride and [tex] {OH}^{ - } [/tex] is hydroxyl ion. Also mentioned in answer, the abbreviation aq indicates aqueous and l indicates liquid.

In the mentioned reaction, fluoride ion acts as weak Bronsted-Lowry Base. It means that fluorine ion accepts the hydrogen ion, which is evident by the formation of hydrogen fluoride. The hydroxyl ion formed in the reaction imparts basic character.

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The complete question is attached in the figure.

In addition to rivers and oceans, Titan appears to feature lakes of liquefied ethane and methane, which some scientific studies hypothesize could support fictitious non-water-based life.

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The velocity of Bridgette is 50 kilometers per hour to the east.

The velocity of an object is the speed that the object is moving in a specified direction.

Velocity is defined as the ratio of the displacement of an object and the time taken.

The displacement of a body is the distance traveled by that body in a specific direction.

Velocity is a vector quantity.

Mathematically;

Velocity = displacement / time

Considering the given question:

Bridgette drove her car 30 kilometers east at a constant velocity; hence, her displacement is 30 Kilometers east.

It took her 0.6 hours to drive that distance; hence, the time take = 0.6 hours.

Velocity = 30 kilometers / 0.6 hours

Velocity =  50 kilometers per hour to the east

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The properties of common alloys include the following:

This is referred to as a type of substance which is composed of two or more elements. It comprises of at least a metal and is of various types which include bronze which is made up of copper and tin and brass which is made up of copper and zinc.

Most alloys are corrosive resistant because they aren't easily oxidized when exposed to aerobic conditions. They are also good conductors of heat and electricity due to their high degree of hardness and toughness which makes them tightly packed together thereby favoring flow of electrons and is the reason why they are different from their parts and is therefore the correct choice.

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Answer:

Factor # 1. Illumination Level: ...

Factor # 2. Uniformity of Illumination: ...

Factor # 3. Colour of Light: ...

Factor # 4. Shadows: ...

Factor # 5. Glare: ...

Factor # 6. Mounting Height: ...

Factor # 7. Spacing of Luminaries: ...

Explanation:

Halogen bulbs are used in working spaces and motor vehicles. To evaluate the working of halogen bulbs engineers has check the gas pressure inside, voltage, weight , life time etc.

Halogen bulbs are light sources made by halogen gas filled inside. The halogen gas combines with the tungsten vapor inside. Halogen bulbs are efficient in comparison with incandescent bulbs.

Halogen bulbs has higher life time, small and relatively lite weight. Halogen bulbs produces bright white light which is better than the yellowish light of incandescent lights.

The chemical reaction of the halogen cycle is produced when halogen gas and tungsten filament are combined. This reaction can prolong the life and preserve the purity of the bulb.

To evaluate the performance of halogen bulbs, engineers have to check the gas pressures, life time and heat energy released.

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The only possible reason for the difference in mass is if there is an error during weighing.

According to the law of conservation mass, masses cannot be destroyed, and neither can they be created. They can, however, change forms during the course of a process or reaction.

Going by this law, if the combined weight of the lawn sand and the ammonium sulfate is 51.4 grams, after separation, the addition of weights of the resulting sharp sand and that of the ammonium sulfate should equate to 51.4 grams.

But that is not the case here. The addition of their weights resulted in 52.6 grams. This means that something is not right somewhere.

Beyond these two reasons, the source of error could also be that the total mass of the two products was overestimated by error.

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As the effective nuclear charge of an atom increases the atomic radii decreases and the ionization energy increases.

Effective nuclear charge is the net positive charge experienced by an single electron in an multi electron atom. The term “effective” is used because of  the shielding effect of negatively charged electrons that prevents higher orbital electrons from experiencing the full nuclear charge.

So keeping this concept in mind we can say that as the effective nuclear charge on any atom increases the atomic radii or the size of the atom decreases. This is because as the the effective nuclear charge increases the electrons that are present in the orbit are pulled closer to the nucleus, so if the effective nuclear charge is more then the electrons are pulled more towards the nucleus and therefore the size or rhe atomic radii decreases

Now if we talk about the ionization energies, ionization energy is the energy required to remove the outer most electron from the orbit to form the ion. So if the effective nuclear charge is more for an atom then obviously the size of the atom would be less and because of this it will be difficult to remove the outermost electron as it is strongly attracted towards the nucleus. Hence the ionization energy will be more.

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