Cytotoxic T-lymphocytes recognize Antigens and MHC class I
What is Cytotoxic T-lymphocytes ?To destroy cancer cells, cytotoxic T cells can be isolated from other blood cells, cultured in a lab, and then administered to a patient. White blood cells and lymphocytes both fall under the category of cytotoxic T cells. also known as a killer T cell and a cytotoxic T lymphocyte.By instructing their targets to undergo apoptosis, cytotoxic T lymphocytes kill their prey (Fig. 8.35). Cytotoxic T cells can instruct antigen-specific target cells to die within 5 minutes of coming into contact with them when they are mixed with target cells and quickly brought into contact by centrifugation, albeit the death may take hours to become completely visible.To learn more about Cytotoxic T-lymphocytes refer to:
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2. Explain the reaon for the difference in the ucce of China' and India' family planning campaign:
China's one-child policy has been successful in drastically slowing down population growth, but it has severely altered the country's demography.
Contrarily, India's population growth rate has adjusted spontaneously (aided by non-coercive family planning measures), avoiding these demographic distortions. Growth of a population's or a dispersed group's size is referred to as population. Actual worldwide demography population growth is about 83 million people per year, or 1.1% annually. [2] From 1800 to 2020, there will be 7.9 billion people on the planet. [3] According to projections from the UN, the world's population will reach 8.6 billion people by the middle of the 2030s, 9.8 billion by the middle of the 2050s, and 11.2 billion by the end of the 21st century.
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molecular biology binghamton how many cycles does it require to obtain the desired pcr product for the first time?
According to molecular biology the quantity of DNA used as an input and the intended PCR product yield. For a suitable yield, up to 40 cycles may be necessary if the DNA input is less than 10 copies.
The target sequence set by the primers starts to accumulate after three cycles. After 30 cycles, a PCR product single beginning molecule can yield many more as a copies of the desired sequence. The PCR product area in between the two primers has undergone one round of replication, resulting in two copies of the original gene region. The PCR product reaction may be continually cycles performed without the addition of additional enzyme since a heat-resistant polymerase is utilized.
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When a behavior is highly resistant to extinction, the organism takes longer to stop responding after a reinforcement is no longer given.
a. true
b. false
The assertion is True statement.
What does it mean when something is extinction-resistant?The degree to which reacting continues during extinction is known as resistance to extinction. Response with a high resistance to extinction is particularly persistent. Response with a low resistance to extinction will vanish soon.
What is the name for the reemergence of an extinguished reaction after a rest interval following extinction?The term "spontaneous recovery" describes when a conditioned response that had been extinct for some time suddenly reappears after the unconditioned stimulus has been removed. After these two forms of conditioning have taken place, this phenomenon can still happen.
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I want you to create a punnett square using a person who is carrier of the sickle cell trait and a person who has the sickle cell disease.
Once you are done, I want you to tell me what is the percentage of the genotypes and phenotypes
Answer:
30%
Explanation:
Answer:
Explanation:
30-40
According to modern evolutionary theory, genes
responsible for new traits that help a species
survive in a particular environment will usually
Provide at least five specific examples of how what a person sees can initiate a response in one of their other body systems.
Our endocrine system receives terror messages from our eyes, which can then affect other systems. Moreover, being afraid of anything might cause us to scream, stop breathing, close our eyes, and do other things.
What distinguishes the cow eye from the human eye that enables the cow to see better at night or in low light?The tapetum lucidum, an iridescent, reflective layer on the choroid that is present in many animals including the cow, deer, and cat, aids in light reflection.
What are the five bodily systems?Typically, the circulatory, respiratory, muscular, and digestive systems are covered in primary school.
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sensory receptors are specialized structures that turn the energy of stimuli into electrochemical signals that the brain can understand. this is known as
Numerous stimuli of all kinds and origins are taken in and converted into the action potentials of a nervous system. Sensory transduction is the name of this process.
What essential tenets govern sensory transduction?At the sensory receptors, sensory transduction begins. Each sensory system contains specialized cells that can pick up on environmental cues. Light is detected by photoreceptors, tastes and smells are detected by chemical sensors in the tongue and nose, touch is detected by mechanoreceptors, and sound is detected by hair cells.
What exactly is sensory transduction, and does it occur during vision?In humans and other vertebrates, rod and cone cells in the retina of the eye detect light to produce nerve impulses known as "visual phototransduction," which is a sensory transduction process.
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if a sequence of codons on a dna strand is aac tag ggt what is the corresponding sequence in a strand of mrna
The corresponding sequence in a strand of mrna are:-
Adenine bonds with Thymine
Thymine bonds with Adenine
Cytosine bonds with Guanine
Guanine bonds with Cytosine
Deoxyribonucleic acid is a polymer composed of polynucleotide chains that coil spherical each one-of-a-kind to form a double helix. The polymer includes genetic instructions for the development, functioning, boom and replica of all seemed organisms and lots of viruses.
In all dwelling things, DNA is vital for inheritance, coding for proteins, and offering instructions for life and its tactics. Human cells commonly consist of 23 pairs of chromosomes, for a complete of 46 chromosomes in every cell.
Most DNA is positioned within the cell nucleus. Mitochondria are structures within cells that convert the power from meals right into a shape that cells can use.
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Baed on the reading about the development of learner at variou tage, what are the factor which greatly affect the ocio-emotional development of the following tage? middle childhood
Three main factors affect social-emotional development: relationships, the environment (including socioeconomic status and support), and biology (including genetics and temperament).
What aspects of adolescent social and emotional development are influenced by what?The influences on your child's decisions during these formative years include friends, family, the media, and culture. Your child will likely want more freedom in the areas of getting around, going places, occupying their time, and who they spend it with.
What element is the most crucial to social and emotional growth?The biggest influence on a child's social and emotional development is exerted by their parents and other primary caregivers because they provide the most stable relationships. Children learn about relationships and explore emotions through repeated interactions with family members, teachers, and other adults.
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the human skin plays an important role in a variety of organ systems. which organ system is least likely to have a direct interaction with the skin?
The digestive system is the substantially less likely to engage in a direct contact with the skin because all of its functions are directed by internal organs that do not involve skin to function.
The digestive system is made up of your GI tract, as well as your liver, pancreas, and gallbladder. The GI tract is a network of hollow organs that connects your mouth to your stomach. GI tract is made up of the following organs, in order of connection: mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and anus.
The digestive system is specifically designed to convert your food into the nutrition and energy you need to survive. Then, when you have a bowel movement, it tidily bundles your solid waste, or stool, for discretion.
Digestion is necessary because your body needs nutrients from the foods you eat and the liquids you drink in order to stay healthy and function properly. Nutrients include carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals, and water. The nutrients in the food and liquids you consume are broken down and consumed by your digestive system, which it then utilizes for stuff like energy, growth, and cell repair.
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Although levels of cfcs in the atmosphere are much lower than those of co2 , cfcs are still potent greenhouse gases because they:_____.
Answer:
CFCs remain in the atmosphere for only a brief time. CFCs are more efficient at absorbing thermal radiation.
Explanation:
The two groups of bacteria responsible for nitrogen fixation are found in Choose. And in the roots of Choose.
Leguminosae make up the roots of Choose.
What do microorganisms do?A few bacteria aid in food digestion, assist the body absorb vitamins, and eliminate disease-causing cells. Additionally, yogurt and cheese are produced using bacteria. However, you can get sick from contagious microorganisms. In your body, they multiply swiftly.
What is the name of the hazardous bacteria?Bacteria that harms us are considered bad bacteria. As pathogens, we refer to them. The environment may provide us with these. Vibrio cholerae is the bacteria that causes cholera, and it can be caught by consuming food or water that has been tainted with an infected person's feces, as well as by coming into close contact with them.
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The brachialis muscle is the prime mover of elbow flexion, while biceps brachii assists. In other words, during elbow flexion brachialis is the ______ and biceps brachii serves as the ________.
Brachialis is the agonist during elbow flexion, and biceps brachii is the synergist.
What is elbow flexion?Elbow flexion occurs when your forearm moves toward your body by bending at the elbow. The inverse movement is elbow extension. The humerus, located in your upper arm, is one of the three bones involved in elbow flexion. ulna, on the forearm's little finger side.Elbow flexion involves the biceps brachii, brachioradialis, and brachialis muscles (bending). Elbow extension is controlled by the triceps (straightening the arm).The brachioradialis, brachialis, and biceps are the three elbow flexors involved in elbow flexion motion.Elbow flexion occurs when your forearm moves toward your body by bending at the elbow. Elbow extension is the inverse movement. The humerus, located in your upper arm, is one of three bones involved in elbow flexion.To learn more about elbow flexion refer to :
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what will the genotypic ratio be of a monohybrid cross of two individuals who are heterozygous for a trait?
The ratio is 1:2:1 for the monohybrid cross of two individuals who are heterozygous for a trait.
Monohybrid go among natural breeding types obtains all dominant F1 which in flip produces F2 upon selfing and offers the monohybrid phenotypic ratio of 3 (dominant):1 (recessive). The monohybrid genotypic ratio is 1 homozygous tall: 2 heterozygous tall: 1 homozygous dwarf .1:2:1 ratio.
A go of F1 hybrids, heterozygous for a single trait that presentations incomplete dominance is expected to offer a 1:2:1 ratio amongst each the genotypes and phenotypes of the offspringmonohybrid go effects in a phenotypic ratio of 3:1 (dominant to recessive), and a genotypic ratio of 1:2:1 (homozygous dominant to heterozygous to homozygous recessive).
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What is the electron configuration of the element in group 13 and period 3 of the periodic table?.
The colorful wildflowers that pop up in the desert after it rains and quickly produce seeds before they die are an example of.
The colorful wildflowers that pop up in the desert after it rains and quickly produce seeds before they die are an example of Annual Plant.
An annual plant is one that goes through its whole life cycle, from germination to seed production, in a single growing season before dying.
Any plant that completes its life cycle in a single growing season is considered an annual plant . The phrase is typically used to describe blooming plants whose sole portion that persists from one growing season to the next is the dormant seed.
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unlike simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion requires energy expenditure by the cell.
Facilitated diffusion is a passive process, thus the cell doesn't have to expend any energy on it.
Does a cell need energy for assisted diffusion or diffusion that occurs naturally?Simple diffusion does not need energy, whereas assisted diffusion needs an ATP source. B. In contrast to facilitated diffusion, which can move materials both with and against a concentration gradient, simple diffusion can only move material in the direction of a concentration gradient.
What makes aided diffusion different from simple diffusion?Simple diffusion occurs when a substance diffuses between phospholipids; enhanced diffusion occurs when specific membrane channels are present. Facilitated diffusion is typically used to enter and exit cells for charged or polar molecules that cannot fit between the phospholipids.
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in edible pea, tall (t) is dominant to short (t), and green pods (g) are dominant to yellow pods (g). the phenotype of a ttgg plant is:
In edible pea, tall (T) predominates over short (t), and green (G) pods over yellow (P) pods (g). A ttgg plant has a short, yellow phenotype.
What distinguishes a genotype from a phenotype?Genotype explains a person's genetic make-up, whereas phenotype describes their observable features. This is the major distinction between genotype and phenotype.
Which alleles are dominant and recessive?In Mendelian genetics, the terms dominant and recessive alleles are defined. Alleles are genetic variations that affect how a person behaves. Dominant alleles determine the dominant character, whereas recessive alleles determine the recessive character. This is the main distinction between dominant and recessive alleles.
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Is knowing about the physical and chemical changes of food important for a molecular gastronomy chef? explain why or why not, using evidence from the passage.
Answers may differ, but everyone should agree that understanding how food changes physically and chemically is crucial for a molecular gastronomy cook.
What function does molecular gastronomy serve?Because it connects the social, artistic, and technical aspects of food and food preparation, molecular gastronomy is significant. Chefs and scientists can better understand why particular results occur by researching the science underlying various culinary techniques or widely utilized approaches.
What are the objectives of cooking using molecular gastronomy?As with any science, molecular gastronomy's primary goal is to identify novel occurrences and mechanisms. This explains why culinary precisions are so crucial because historically, cooks could see but not interpret events that required further investigation by scientists.
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Broadly speaking, how accurate are predictions of an individual’s various characteristics based on their genome sequence?- Highly accurate, since genotype controls the phenotype- Not accurate at all, because many traits are complex and because there are unknowns about the enviranment any individual has been exposed to- Somewhere in between "highly accurate" and "not accurate at all"
An individual's genotype and the environment they experience may not be sufficient to determine their phenotype.
Pedigree analysis can determine genotypes identify phenotypes, and predict how traits will be inherited in the future. Information from the pedigree allows us to determine how particular alleles are inherited: whether they are dominant recessive autosomal or sex-linked.
Refers to observable characteristics of an individual such as height eye color and blood type. A person's phenotype is determined by both genomic organization and environmental factors. Predict quantitative trait phenotypes as accurately as possible based on information such as genetic variation across the genome.
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What is the name of the structure in the inner ear which serves to maintain a sense of equilibrium and orientation in space?.
Answer:
the vestibular apparatus
Explanation:
In the human body, stem cells in the bone marrow produce a variety of blood cells. What process produces these cells?
Answer:
hematopoiesis
The production and development of new cells in the bone marrow is a process called hematopoiesis. Blood cells formed in the bone marrow start out as stem cells. A stem cell (or hematopoietic stem cell) is the first phase of all blood cells.
Explanation:
can I have brainliest?
The sorting that occurs during blank______ separates homologues from each other.
Answer:
Meiosis 1
explain
Which division of the autonomic nervous system returns the body to a relaxed condition after an emergency?.
The parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system returns the body to a relaxed condition after an emergency.
Parasympathetic nervous system is a network of nerves. Along with bringing the body to relaxed state, it is essential for processes like digestion. More a person spends its time in parasympathetic state, more healthy he is considered.
Autonomic nervous system is the part of the peripheral nervous system that regulates the involuntary actions of the body like breathing, digestion, heart contractions, salivating, sweating, changing pupil size, crying, secreting hormones etc. It has three further divisions: sympathetic, parasympathetic, and enteric. There is another name for ANS called vegetative nervous system.
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if you were able to analyze the d1580 alleles from two people,what would you expect to see if the two individuals were biological siblings? you may want to use a punnett square to justify your answer.
If you were able to analyze the d1580 alleles from two people, there appears a human D1S80 region on chromosome 1.
The biggest human chromosome was chromosome 1, which spans roughly 249 million genetic material pairs and accounts for about 8% of all the DNA in cells.
When you're born, duplicated chromosomes X and Y chromosome determine whether you are boy or a girl. Sex chromosomes were referred to as: There are two X chromosomes in females. Each male has one X and one Y chromosome.
A Punnett square seems to be a graph that makes it simple to ascertain the anticipated proportion of various genotypes in children of two - parent families. a pea plant Squares square illustration.
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during metamorphosis, echinoderms undergo a transformation from motile larvae to a fairly sedentary (and sometimes sessile) existence as adults. what should be true of adults, though not of larvae? adults should
The adults should have radial symmetry or something close to it.
What is metamorphism ?Through the process of metamorphism, previous rocks are transformed into new forms as a result of rises in temperature, pressure, and chemically active fluids. Igneous, sedimentary, and other metamorphic rocks may all be affected by metamorphism.
Although they began as a different kind of rock, metamorphic rocks have undergone significant alteration from their igneous, sedimentary, or previous metamorphic forms. When rocks are exposed to extreme temperatures, high pressures, hot mineral-rich fluids, or, more frequently, some combination of these conditions, metamorphic rocks are created.
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researchers have found a single drosophila gene that can generate about 19,000 membrane proteins that have different extracellular domains. at least 17,500 (94%) of the alternative mrnas are actually synthesized. how is this accomplished?
This case is clearly accomplished by Alternative splicing.
A molecular process called alternative splicing alters pre-mRNA structures before translation. By combining coding sequences (exons) from recently spliced RNA transcripts in various ways, this mechanism can generate a variety of mRNAs from a single gene.
Different combinations of exons from the same gene are combined in alternative splicing to produce various protein products. These various splice variants frequently express themselves in various tissues. This enables the production of a wider variety of proteins.
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Check all choices below that result in a transfusion reaction which could kill a person
A. Type B recipient and type A donor
B. Type AB blood recipient and type O donor
C. Type A blood recipient and type A blood donor
D. Type O recipient and type AB donor
E. Type B blood recipient and type O donor blood
Fever, chills, urticaria (hives), and itching are among the most typical warning signs and symptoms.
What happens when a transfusion reaction occurs?Certain symptoms go away with little to no treatment.However, signs of a more serious reaction include respiratory difficulty, a high fever, hypotension (low blood pressure), and red urine (hemoglobinuria).The patient's needs will determine how much and what percentage of blood is transfused.Red blood cells of types B or AB cannot be obtained if you have type A blood.Red blood cells of types A or AB cannot be obtained if you have type B blood.You can receive transfusions of O, A, B, or AB red blood cells if you have type AB blood.The majority of blood transfusions are performed at medical facilities or outpatient clinics.To learn more about a transfusion reaction occurs refer to:
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light passes through the entire thickness of the neural layer of the retina to excite the photoreceptors.
True, light passes through the entire thickness of the neural layer of the retina to excite the photoreceptors.
The retina is the mild-touchy layer of tissue behind the eyeball. Pictures that come through the eye's lens are centered at the retina. The retina then converts those photos to electric-powered signals and sends them along the optic nerve to the brain.
The retina is a layer of photoreceptors cells and glial cells within the attention that captures incoming photons and transmits them alongside neuronal pathways as both electric and chemical indicators for the mind to understand a visual image.
The retina converts mild that enters into your eye into electric alerts your optic nerve sends to your mind which creates the photos you spot.
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When a country' export exceed it import, the nation ha a ________. Group of anwer choice
trade deficit
negative balance of trade
trade urplu and negative balance of trade
trade urplu
When a country' export exceed it import, the nation ha a trade urplu.
When a country's exports outweigh its imports, it has a?The trade balance is considered to be favorable if exports outpace imports and the nation enjoys a trade surplus. The trade balance of a nation or region is said to be negative if imports outpace exports, creating a trade deficit.
What Exactly Is a Trade Deficit?When a country imports more than it sells over a specific time frame, there is a trade deficit. A negative balance of trade is another name for it (BOT). Different sorts of transactions, including those involving products, services, and goods and services, can be used to calculate the balance.
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