Question 26:
Answer each of the following questions clearly and concisely.
1. Compare and discuss how cells store energy and release energy using ATP. Be specific!
2. Compare lactic acid fermentation and alcoholic fermentation by describing what pyruvic acid is changed into. Be sure to include what type of organism each one takes place in.
What is pyruvic acid changed into? Organism:
Alcoholic Fermentation
Lactic Acid Fermentation
3. Name the three processes of aerobic cellular respiration. What is the total ATP produced from one glucose?
3 Processes of Cellular Respiration:
4. Name the two stages of photosynthesis and list the starting molecule(s) and ending molecule(s) of each.
Stages Starting Molecule(s) Product(s)
5. What is the general chemical equation of photosynthesis?
6. When and why does our body use lactic acid fermentation?
7. Explain how the equations for photosynthesis and cellular respiration compare.
Question 27:
Critical Reading
Read these passages from the text and answer the questions that follow.
Fermentation
An important way of making ATP without oxygen is called fermentation. It involves glycolysis but not the other two stages of aerobic respiration. Many bacteria and yeasts carry out fermentation. People use these organisms to make yogurt, bread, wine, and biofuels. Human muscle cells also use fermentation. This occurs when muscle cells cannot get oxygen fast enough to meet their energy needs through aerobic respiration. There are two types of fermentation: lactic acid fermentation and alcoholic fermentation. Both types are described below.
Lactic Acid Fermentation
In lactic acid fermentation, pyruvic acid from glycolysis changes to lactic acid. In the process, NAD+ forms from NADH. NAD+, in turn, lets glycolysis continue. This results in additional molecules of ATP. This type of fermentation is carried out by the bacteria in yogurt. It is also used by your muscle cells when you work them hard and fast.
Did you ever run a race and notice that your muscles feel tired and sore afterward? This is because your muscle cells use lactic acid fermentation for energy. This causes lactic acid to build up in the muscles. It is the buildup of lactic acid that makes the muscles feel tired and sore.
Alcoholic Fermentation
In alcoholic fermentation, pyruvic acid changes to alcohol and carbon dioxide. NAD+ also forms from NADH, allowing glycolysis to continue making ATP. This type of fermentation is carried out by yeasts and some bacteria. It is used to make bread, wine, and biofuels.
Alcoholic fermentation produces ethanol and NAD+. The NAD+ allows glycolysis to continue making ATP.
Have your parents ever put corn in the gas tank of their car? They did if they used gas-containing ethanol. Ethanol is produced by the alcoholic fermentation of glucose in corn or other plants. This type of fermentation also explains why bread dough rises. Yeasts in bread dough use alcoholic fermentation and produce carbon dioxide gas. The gas forms bubbles in the dough, which causes the dough to expand. The bubbles also leave small holes in the bread after it bakes, making the bread light and fluffy.
Questions
1. What is fermentation?
2. Why is NAD+ so important in fermentation?
3. Both lactic acid fermentation and alcoholic fermentation begin with the same molecule. What is that molecule and where did it come from?
4. Why is bread light and fluffy?
5. Why do your muscles get sore after intense activity?
What would it look like if human eye colors showed codominance? Incomplete dominance? Describe both.
Answer:
Codominance means that neither allele can mask the expression of the other allele, in humans the eye colors of both alleles would be mixed. Like a brown-black. Incomplete dominance is if a parent had blue eyes and the child has brown eyes.
Explanation:
Newborn babies and hibernating animals contain a large amount of brown adipose (fat) tissue (BAT). Certain proteins in the BAT cells increase the permeability of the inner mitochondrial membrane to protons, disrupting the proton gradient. Which of the following best predicts the effect of disrupting the proton gradient in BAT?
А. The pH of the matrix will increase, allowing the production of more ATP per gram of substrate.
B. The pH of the intermembrane space will decrease, allowing a steeper proton gradient to form.
С. Electron transport and oxidative phosphorylation will be decoupled, generating more heat but less ATP.
D The number of protons available to pass through ATP synthase will increase, resulting in more ATP.
The statement 'the pH of the matrix will increase, allowing the production of more ATP per gram of substrate' best predicts the effect of disrupting the proton gradient in BAT. It is a step of cellular respiration.
Cellular respiration and proton gradientCellular respiration refers to the chemical reactions where aerobic cells can produce ATP by using the energy from foods and oxygen.
Cellular respiration has three stages: glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation.
During oxidative phosphorylation, the movement of electrons is coupled to a proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane to generate ATP.
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Is this right, please help. I’ll mark as brainliest
yes! excellent job answering this question :)
Please help, I’ll mark as brainliest!
Answer:
0.05 210
Explanation:
is it right? sßsss
List the type of molecules that generally act as intermediate or relay molecules.
Answer:
proteins
Explanation:
Many signal transduction pathways amplify the initial signal, so that one molecule of ligand can lead to the activation of many molecules of a downstream target. The molecules that relay a signal are often proteins. However, non-protein molecules like ions and phospholipids can also play important roles
Every tRNA has an anticodon. What is the purpose of an anticodon?
Anticodons tell the tRNA when to stop retrieving amino acids.
Anticodons help the tRNA retrieve the correct nucleic acid.
Anticodons help the tRNA retrieve the correct amino acid.
Anticodons tell the tRNA when to begin retrieving amino acids.
Answer:
Anticodons help the tRNA retrieve the correct amino acid.
Explanation:
Function of Anticodons The function of anticodons is to bring together the correct amino acids to create a protein, based on the instructions carried in mRNA. Each tRNA carries one amino acid and has one anticodon.
a) A plant has YySs. What is the phenotype? (1 point)
Answer:
Y = yellow leaves
y = greed leaves
S = smooth seeds
s = rough seeds
The presence of the dominant traits (the capital letters) dictates that the plant has yellow leaves and smooth seeds.
Explanation:
ap3x
the ability to conserve is most applicable to a lilly to which area
1. social studies
2.math
3.reading
4.art
Which form of transport requires the expenditure of energy?.
What term describes the continuation of a visual sensation.
Answer:
Afterimage.
Explanation:
An afterimage describes the continuation of a visual sensation after removal of the stimulus. For example, when you stare briefly at the sun and then look away from it, you may still perceive a spot of light although the stimulus (the sun) has been removed.
Hope this helps! :)
What are two ways humans impact the nitrogen cycle.
Answer:
burning up fossil fuels and making fertilizers
In a chemical compound, would you expect an oxide ion to be joined with one atom of calcium or
one atom of potassium? Why?
Answer:
An oxide ion, an oxygen ion with a -2 charge, should be joined with 1 atom of calcium in a chemical combination. Ca+2 O-2 would create CaO, just as it would in the formation of a compound, as we can see from the chemical formula.For more info:
https://brainly.com/question/2192431A biological classification of various kinds of organisms is a(n) a. grouping. b. genera. c. anthropomorphism. d. taxonomy.
Answer:
the answer is the c part
Explanation:
Select the correct answer.
Gary is suffering from pleurisy. Which organ is most likely to get damaged?
A.
intestine
B.
heart
C.
brain
D.
liver
E.
lungs
What is the relationship between systematics and taxonomy?.
The primary distinction between taxonomy and systematics is that taxonomy is concerned with the classification and naming of creatures, whereas systematics is concerned with the determination of organisms' evolutionary relationships. This means that systematics determines whether or not different organisms share a common ancestor.
what is true about the forces on a car stopped at a Red light
Answer:
In this case, the two backward forces (air resistance and friction) perfectly balance the applied force of the wheels on the road in the opposite direction. Now unbalanced, those forces acting backward on the car slow it down, which we also know as negative acceleration
Explanation:
List three ways RNA is different from DNA?
Answer:
RNA contains the sugar ribose
DNA contains the slightly different sugar deoxyribose (a type of ribose that lacks one oxygen atom
RNA has the nucleolus uracil while DNA contains thymine.
Explanation:
A wave has a wavelength of 5 and a frequency of 100hz. what is it's velocity?
Answer: 500 velocity
Explanation: Wave velocity (m/s) =Wavelength (m) * Frequency (Hz) Example calculation. I found this by using calculation of wavelength times frequency and the answer will be your velocity.
Suppose you discovered a new multicellular organism that is shaped like a cube. The organism measures 3 cells tall, 3 cells wide, and 3 cells deep. You measure one cubed cell to be 2 arbitrary units per side. Can you calculate this organism’s surface area to volume ratio?.
The organism’s surface area to volume ratio is
Ratio = 3:1
Surface area to volume ratioWith the organism features of
having a multicellular
having 3 cubical cell
each of them is having 2 a.u
total value is
T2+2+2= 6 a.u.
Therefore,
V=6x6x6
V= 216
The surface area would be
216x3= 648
Surface area to volume ratio
Ratio=648/216
Ratio = 3
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3. What are the four main ways of seed dispersal?
how does one change any form of DNA??
Answer: You need to change your emotions and the way you receive and retransmit it inwards and outwards. You also need to change your thoughts. But in doing so it can result in the of headaches and nausea sometimes.
Answer:Dna often rearranges itself by a process call recombination which proceeds via a variety of mechanisms. Occasionally DNA is lost during replication leading to a mutation. Many chemicals mutagens, some exogenous, some man-made some environmental are capable of damaging Dna.
Explanation: Here is your answer
What is the name of the enzyme that is responsible for building a mrna strand that is complementary to a dna template strand?.
if a scientist want to determine the are of the leaf what observation tool would he need
Answer:
Leaf area (A) can be simply calculated by multiplying the product of leaf length (L) and width (W) by a constant (i.e., the Montgomery parameter; MP).
Explanation: Hope this helps!
Choose all the answers that apply.
Which of the following conditions are necessary for fossilization?
presence of minerals
warm temperature
exposure to oxygen
stable geological conditions
rapid burial
Answer:
warm temperature
Explanation:
it helps fossilzation
After dna replication, how many double-stranded dna molecules exist?.
Answer:
I believe the answer is 2. After DNA replication, there are two double-stranded DNA molecules.
I hope this helps.
Please help, I’ll give brainliest.
You wait for game while sitting or standing in one spot. This hunting strategy is called:
still hunting
stalking
posting
trailing
PLEASE HURRY I NEED THE ANSWER NOWWW!!!!!!
Answer:
posting
Explanation:
The hunting strategy where you wait for the game while sitting or standing in one spot is called "posting." The correct option is "posting".
What is Posting?
It is a hunting strategy where a hunter positions themselves in a specific location, often a concealed or strategic spot, and waits for the game to come within range.
The hunter remains stationary and observes their surroundings for signs of wildlife activity.
This strategy is commonly employed in hunting scenarios where the hunter has knowledge of animal movement patterns, feeding areas, or travel routes.
By remaining still and patient, hunters aim to blend into the environment and minimize disturbances that may alert or scare away the game. The chosen location for posting is often selected based on factors such as visibility, cover, wind direction, and proximity to areas frequented by the target species.
Thus, the correct option is "posting".
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Why should the number of each kind of atom be equal on
both sides of a chemical reaction?
Answer:
The law of conservation of mass governs all chemical equations, stating that matter cannot be created or destroyed. As a result, each element must have the same number of atoms on both sides of a chemical equation.
A characteristic that distinguishes meiosis from mitosis is.
Answer:
Most cells divide by mitosis and create two identical daughter cells. In meiosis, four non-identical daughter cells are created.
Explanation: