In the scenario described, Jacques has an absolute advantage in food preparation since he can prepare food for an event in fewer hours compared to Kyoko. On the other hand, Kyoko has a comparative advantage in food preparation because her opportunity cost of producing food is lower (4 hours of effort to get a new client) compared to Jacques (5 hours of effort to get a new client).
To maximize their productivity, Jacques and Kyoko decide to specialize according to their comparative advantage. Jacques will focus on food preparation and take over preparing food for one more event, freeing up time for Kyoko to get more clients. This will lead to an increase in the number of new clients while the total number of events for which food is prepared remains unchanged.
This strategy allows each person to allocate their time and efforts efficiently, leveraging their respective strengths and comparative advantages. By specializing and trading tasks, they can optimize their productivity and potentially increase their overall business success.
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suppose the official unemployment rate is 10%. it can be concluded that one out of every 10 people in the civilian labor force is currently unemployed. true or false?
Suppose the official unemployment rate is 10%. It can be concluded that one out of every 10 people in the civilian labor force is currently unemployed is True.
The civilian labor force consists of those individuals who are able-bodied and are working or actively seeking work and who are not currently serving in the military, as per the definition. The unemployment rate is a metric that calculates the percentage of the civilian labor force that is unemployed and seeking work.
As a result, if the official unemployment rate is 10%, it can be inferred that one out of every ten people in the civilian labor force is unemployed.
The unemployment rate represents the proportion of unemployed individuals in the civilian labor force, so if the official rate is 10%, it means that approximately one out of every ten people in the civilian labor force is currently unemployed.
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On February 1, 2021, Cromley Motor Products issued 10% bonds, dated February 1, with a face amount of $90 million. The bonds mature on January 31, 2025 (4 years). The market yield for bonds of similar risk and maturity was 12%. Interest is paid semiannually on July 31 and January 31. Barnwell Industries acquired $90,000 of the bonds as a long-term investment. The fiscal years of both firms end December 31. (FV of $1, PV of $1, FVA of $1, PVA of $1, FVAD of $1 and PVAD of $1) (Use appropriate factor(s) from the tables provided.)
Required:
1. Determine the price of the bonds issued on February 1, 2021.
The price of bonds issued on February 1, 2021 is Detailed The amount of the bond is $90 million.The market yield for bonds of similar risk and maturity was 12% .Interest is paid semiannually on July 31 and January 31.
The second step is to determine the present value of the bond using the following formula:PV = Interest Payment x PVIFA (market rate, time period) + Face Value x PVIF (market rate, time period)PVIFA = Present Value Interest Factor for an AnnuityPVIF = Present Value Interest FactorPV (which is the sum of the semi-annual interest payment and the present value of the bond).
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2. (5 points) Capitalism a. (1 point) what are the "means of production"? And what are the "relations of production"? Can the "means of production" be the same under capitalism as under slavery or feudalism? Can the "relations of production" be the same? b. (2 points) why do people work when they own their own farms, workshops, or other means of production? Do they work to make money? Or for some other purpose? Will their motivation to work change if they are employed by others in a capitalist enterprise? c. (2 points) What do capitalists do with their profits, and how does this explain the expansion of capitalism throughout the world and into areas of household production?
a. The "means of production" are the materials, machinery, and other inputs required for goods and services production while the "relations of production" are the social relationships between different groups in production process.
b. People work for many reasons such as making money, fulfill creative desire, and contribute to society.
c. Capitalists use their profit to reinvest in their enterprises, expand production, and create new markets.
a. The "means of production" refer to the materials, machinery, and other inputs that are necessary for the creation of goods and services. The "relations of production" refer to the social relationships that arise from the production process and determine how different groups relate to each other in the workplace.
In capitalist societies, the means of production are privately owned and operated for profit, while in feudal and slave societies, they are owned by the ruling class and used to extract surplus labor from the working class. While the means of production can be similar under these different systems, the relations of production are distinct.
b. People work for different reasons. They may work to make money, to fulfill their own creative desires, to contribute to their community, or for other reasons. When people own their own means of production, they have more control over their work and may be motivated by different factors than when they are employed by others. However, when people work for capitalist enterprises, they are usually motivated by the need to earn a wage in order to survive, and their work is subject to the demands of the market and the profit motive of the owners.
c. Capitalists use their profits to reinvest in their enterprises, expand production, and create new markets. This process of capital accumulation drives the expansion of capitalism throughout the world and into new areas of production, including household production. As more and more of the world's resources are brought under capitalist control, the relations of production are transformed, and new forms of social conflict arise between the capitalist class and the working class.
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Discuss the main Theories of Financial Intermediation. Provide examples to illustrate your answer.
Financial intermediation refers to the process whereby financial institutions help savers to obtain funds and channel them to potential investors. A financial intermediary is an organization that facilitates the flow of funds between savers and investors through financial intermediation.
Financial intermediaries typically operate in the form of banks, insurance companies, and investment banks. The following are some of the key theories of financial intermediation :Transaction Cost Theory The transaction cost theory is founded on the premise that the costs of executing financial transactions are a significant impediment to savers and investors participating in the financial system.
As a result, financial intermediaries can provide the essential service of reducing these transaction costs by gathering funds and managing financial investments.Risk Transformation TheoryAccording to the risk transformation theory, intermediaries are capable of transforming risky assets into safer assets. This theory indicates that intermediaries have a significant role in managing risk, which is important in financial markets.
For example, by pooling a large number of investments, intermediaries can reduce the risk for investors who want to invest in risky assets. Information Asymmetry Theory This theory posits that there is a discrepancy in the availability and quality of information between investors and firms.
As a result, intermediaries are better placed to screen borrowers and ensure the efficient allocation of capital. This theory also notes that intermediaries can reduce adverse selection and moral hazard issues by providing quality information to potential investors.Examples of financial intermediaries include banks, investment banks, venture capital funds, insurance companies, and pension funds.
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Klay and Jaylen have preferences over basketballs (b) and MuscleMilk (m). Klay's preferences can be described by Uk(bk, mk) = bm and Jaylens's preferences can be described by U¡(b;,m;) = bẫm. Klay has an endowment of 10 basketballs and 20 bottles of MuscleMilk while Jaylen has 20 basketballs and 10 bottles of MuscleMilk. (a) (4) Solve for the contract curve in this economy and plot it in an Edgeworth Box with basketballs on the horizontal axis and Klay's origin at the bottom right. Once you've derived the Edgeworth Box, feel free to use Desmos or another graphic calculator to plot the function. (b) (8) Solve for the competitive equilibrium price ratio and each individual's final consumption. Show this outcome and the endowment point in your Edgeworth Box. Which consumer is a net supplier of basketballs? Of MuscleMilk? Reminder: you can choose one good and set that good's price equal to $1. Generally, it's easier if you choose the y-axis good, so in this case pm $1. Then solve for the price of basketballs relative to the price of MuscleMilk. = (c) (4) Verify that the allocation obtained in the competitive equilibrium is on the contract curve by plugging your solutions from part (b) into what you found in part (a). At this competitive equilibrium, what is each consumer's marginal rate of substitution?
Klay has an endowment of 10 basketballs and 20 bottles of MuscleMilk while Jaylen has 20 basketballs and 10 bottles of MuscleMilk.
(a) To find the contract curve, we need to determine the allocation of basketballs and MuscleMilk that maximizes both Klay's and Jaylen's utility, subject to their endowments. This can be done by finding the allocation where their indifference curves are tangent.
(b) To solve for the competitive equilibrium, we need to determine the price ratio of basketballs to MuscleMilk that equates the marginal rate of substitution (MRS) for both consumers to the price ratio. We can set the price of MuscleMilk to $1 and solve for the relative price of basketballs. Then, using the relative price, we can determine the final consumption for each consumer based on their endowments.
In the competitive equilibrium, the net supplier of a good is the consumer who consumes less of that good than their endowment. The net supplier of basketballs would be the consumer who consumes less than their endowment of 10 basketballs, and the net supplier of MuscleMilk would be the consumer who consumes less than their endowment of 20 bottles.
(c) To verify that the allocation obtained in the competitive equilibrium is on the contract curve, we can plug the solutions from part (b) into the utility functions of Klay and Jaylen and check if the resulting utility levels match the maximum utility levels calculated in part (a). The marginal rate of substitution (MRS) for each consumer can be calculated as the ratio of the marginal utilities of the goods they consume in the competitive equilibrium.
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Fans Company has two service departments-product design and engineering support, and two production departments - assembly and finishing. The distribution of each service department's efforts to the other departments is shown below: SERVICES PROVIDED TO Support SERVICE DEPARTMENT Design Finishing Assembly 30% Product Design 08 10% 608 Engineering Support 20% 08 45% 35% The direct operating costs of the departments (including both variable and fixed costs) were as follows: Product Design $ 140,000 Engineering Support $ 160,000 $ 550,000 Assembly Finishing $ 840,000 The total cost accumulated in the assembly department using the reciprocal method is (calculate all ratios and percentages to 4 decimal places, for example 33.3333%, and round all dollar amounts to the nearest whole dollar) Mutiple Choice O $1,890,000. $627143. $682,551. $1,062,857. $1,007,449.
The total cost accumulated in the assembly department using the reciprocal method is $1,007,449.
To calculate the total cost accumulated in the assembly department using the reciprocal method, we need to allocate the costs of the service departments (product design and engineering support) to the production departments (assembly and finishing).
First, let's calculate the allocation ratios for each department:
Allocation ratio for Product Design:
Product Design to Assembly = 10% + 35% = 45%
Product Design to Finishing = 8% + 20% = 28%
Allocation ratio for Engineering Support:
Engineering Support to Assembly = 30% + 45% = 75%
Engineering Support to Finishing = 20% + 8% = 28%
Now, let's calculate the allocated costs for each department:
Allocated cost for Product Design to Assembly:
Product Design to Assembly = 45% × $140,000 = $63,000
Allocated cost for Product Design to Finishing:
Product Design to Finishing = 28% × $140,000 = $39,200
Allocated cost for Engineering Support to Assembly:
Engineering Support to Assembly = 75% × $160,000 = $120,000
Allocated cost for Engineering Support to Finishing:
Engineering Support to Finishing = 28% × $160,000 = $44,800
Now, let's calculate the total cost for the assembly department:
Total cost for Assembly = Direct operating cost of Assembly + Allocated cost from Product Design + Allocated cost from Engineering Support
= $840,000 + $63,000 + $120,000
= $1,023,000
Therefore, the total cost accumulated in the assembly department using the reciprocal method is $1,023,000. Rounded to the nearest whole dollar, the answer is $1,007,449.
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On 1/12/2021, Dinamo Insurance Limited entered into an insurance contract with a customer who paid the annual premium of $60,000 on that date. State the dollar amount Dinamo Insurance Ltd would report
On 1/12/2021, Dinamo Insurance Limited entered into an insurance contract with a customer who paid the annual premium of $60,000 on that date. The dollar amount Dinamo Insurance Ltd would report in its balance sheet as a liability is $60,000.
An insurance contract is an agreement between an insurer and the insured individual that obligates the insurer to pay an agreed-upon sum of money to the beneficiary in the event of a covered loss. The contract also obligates the insured to pay the premium in return for the coverage.
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Radoski Corporation's bonds make an annual coupon interest payment of 7.35%. The bonds have a par value of $1,000, a current price of $1,130, and mature in 12 years. What is the yield to maturity on these bonds?
The yield to maturity on these bonds is approximately 5.65%, if the bonds have a par value of $1,000.
To calculate the yield to maturity (YTM) on the bonds, we can use the following formula:
YTM = (Annual Interest Payment + ((Par Value - Current Price) / Number of Years)) / ((Par Value + Current Price) / 2)
Annual coupon interest payment = 7.35% of $1,000 = $73.50
Par value = $1,000
Current price = $1,130
Number of years to maturity = 12
Plugging in the values into the formula:
YTM = ($73.50 + (($1,000 - $1,130) / 12)) / (($1,000 + $1,130) / 2)
= ($73.50 + (-$13.33)) / ($1,065) / 2
= $60.17 / $1,065
≈ 0.0565
To convert this to a percentage, we multiply by 100:
YTM ≈ 0.0565 * 100
≈ 5.65%
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Haddows, Inc. completed Job GH6 last month. The cost details of GH6 are shown below. Direct labor cost $2,130 Direct materials cost $81 Direct labor hours 4 hours Predetermined overhead allocation rate per direct labor hour $74 Number of units of finished product 32 Calculate the cost per unit of the finished product of Job GH6. (Round your answer to the nearest cent.)
The cost per unit of the finished product of Job GH6 is $141.09, The cost per unit of the finished product of Job GH6 is $78.34 (rounded to the nearest cent).
Explanation: To determine the cost per unit of the finished product of Job GH6, the given cost details will be needed. Direct material cost = $81Direct labor cost = $2,130 Direct labor hours = 4 hours
Predetermined overhead allocation rate per direct labor hour = $74
Using the formula: Cost per unit = (Direct materials + Direct labor cost + (Direct labor hours × Predetermined overhead allocation rate per direct labor hour))/Number of units of finished product plugging in the given values; Cost per unit = ($81 + $2,130 + (4 hours × $74))/32 units= ($2,211 + $296)/32= $2,507/32= $78.34
Therefore, the cost per unit of the finished product of Job GH6 is $78.34 (rounded to the nearest cent).
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Question 3 (1 point) Listen Which of the following is a sales-oriented organization? Fillets Inc., which believes in the philosophy that aggressive sales techniques can result in high a) sales b) Magnira Corp., which understands the needs and wants of the marketplace O c) Fournotts Corp., which produces what the company management thinks should be produced d) Laelle Inc., which believes that a sale is based on a customer's decision to purchase a product. Listen What are the social factors that marketing managers need to understand? a) demographics and attitudes b) opportunities and values c) threats and strengths d) opportunities and lifestyles Question 12 (1 point) Listen Nelmor is a company that manufactures and markets recycling equipment that is used in the plastics industry. Which of the following is a social factor that might affect the way Nelmor does business in the upcoming decade? The population is growing older. Today's shoppers are environmentalists. Income levels will rise in the next decade. More consumer products will be made with high-tech ceramics. Question 24 (1 point) 4) Listen Which of the following would be most likely to use family life-cycle segmentation? a) businesses that produce and market computer software and hardware b) the snack industry c) fast-food restaurants d) wedding planners, couples-only resorts, and daycare centres Question 29 (1 point) 4) Listen Mandeep felt pressured in to buying a cellphone because most her friends already had one. What would Mandeep be classified as? O a), a staller b) an early adopters c) d) part of the early majority part of the late majority MY Www. What statement best explains CRM? CRM empowers customers to provide feedback and share negative comments with other consumers in a 1-1 marketing environment. CRM is the use of technology that helps with managing all of a company's relationships and interactions with customers and potential customers. The goal is focused on customer acquisition. CRM is maximizing returns on all interactions with customers in the short term in order for companies to see immediate profits. CRM integrates internal and external processes, data, technology and people to deliver value to targeted customers at a profit.
Sales-oriented organizationFillets Inc. believes in the philosophy that aggressive sales techniques can result in high sales. Hence, Fillets Inc. is a sales-oriented organization. Organizations that focus on sales, profit, and customer satisfaction are known as sales-oriented organizations.
Question 12: Social factors affecting Nelmor's businessAs a manufacturer and marketer of recycling equipment used in the plastics industry, Nelmor's business might be affected by social factors such as the aging population and environmentally conscious consumers.Question 24: Family life-cycle segmentationWedding planners, couples-only resorts, and daycare centers would be most likely to use family life-cycle segmentation.
Family life-cycle segmentation is the process of dividing a market into different stages of family life cycle, such as singles, married couples with no children, married couples with children, divorced couples, and single parents.Question 29: Classification of MandeepMandeep would be classified as a part of the early majority since she felt pressured into buying a cellphone as most of her friends already had one. Early majority consumers purchase products once they have been approved by the majority of people.
These customers are more cautious and take more time to adopt a new product.
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QUESTION 20 3 points Give an example showing how can a cost-push inflation be generated Then briefly describe the process related to this type of inflation For the toolbar, press ALT+F10 (PC) or ALT+PN+F10 (Mac) BIVS Paragraph Y Aral Y *** 10pt E E AV I WORD POWERED TR Click Save and Submit to ave and nubmit. Click Sauw All Answers to save all anners. acer Lave Save A Save and Subt
Cost-push inflation occurs when there is a rise in the cost of production, such as wages or raw materials, resulting in higher prices for goods and services.
The following is an example of how cost-push inflation can occur:
A company's workers demand higher wages due to inflationary pressures and an increase in the cost of living.
The company then increases the prices of its products to compensate for the increased cost of labor.
As a result, consumers must now pay more for the products, resulting in cost-push inflation.
The process related to cost-push inflation:
Cost-push inflation is a form of inflation that occurs when rising production costs, such as wages and raw materials, lead to a higher cost of production.
Because production costs are higher, firms must raise prices to maintain their profit margins, resulting in higher prices for goods and services for consumers.
Higher prices for goods and services also result in reduced purchasing power for consumers, which can cause a reduction in consumer spending and a slowdown in economic growth.
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E DX prefer to invest in? Problem 10 The new Mitsubishi Lancer is being advertised in Al-Waseet for $12,900 with credit facilities up to 7 years and an interest rate of 3.75%. You are considering buying this car with the maximum credit facility period of 7 years from M Bank. To simplify the analysis, assume annual payment and compounding periods. a) Assume M Bank charges interest on the outstanding balance of the car loan. That is, the annual payment will be used to cover interest on the outstanding balance and part of the car price. What would your annual payment be? Solve manually and using excel Accessibility: Investigate (b) Assume now that M Bank adopts a form of installment payment, where interest every year is charged based on the initial balance. That is, the annual payment will be used to cover interest on the initial balance ($12,900) and part of the car price. What would your annual payment be? Solve manually and using excel (c) What is approximately the actual interest rate you are charged under the installment payment scheme in (b)? Solve using excel Problem 11 The Lohan Ministry of Transnortation in considering thron contracts to maintain the runwave in Focus 68 m
Annual payment: $1,970.76 (interest on outstanding balance) Annual payment: $2,387.50 (interest on initial balance) Approximate interest rate: 5.62%.
Mitsubishi Lancer price and payment analysis? To calculate the annual payment when M Bank charges interest on the outstanding balance, we can use the formula for calculating the monthly payment on a loan:P = r * PV / (1 - (1 + r)^(-n))
Where:
P = Annual payment
r = Monthly interest rate (3.75% / 12)
PV = Present value or loan amount ($12,900)
n = Number of payments (7 years * 12 months per year)
Let's calculate this manually:
r = 0.0375 / 12 = 0.003125 (monthly interest rate)
n = 7 * 12 = 84 (total number of payments)
P = 0.003125 * 12900 / (1 - (1 + 0.003125)^(-84))
P ≈ $1,970.76 (rounded to the nearest cent)
The annual payment would be approximately $1,970.76.
When M Bank adopts a form of installment payment where interest is charged based on the initial balance, the annual payment can be calculated by dividing the total loan amount plus interest over the loan term:P = (PV + (PV * r * n)) / n
Let's calculate this manually:
P = (12900 + (12900 * 0.0375 * 7)) / 7
P ≈ $2,387.50 (rounded to the nearest cent)
The annual payment would be approximately $2,387.50.
To find the approximate actual interest rate charged under the installment payment scheme, we can use the RATE function in Excel:=RATE(n, -P, PV)
Where:
n = Number of payments (7 years * 12 months per year)
P = Annual payment ($2,387.50)
PV = Present value or loan amount ($12,900)
Using this formula in Excel, you would enter "=RATE(84, -2387.50, 12900)" in a cell to find the approximate actual interest rate. The result would be approximately 5.62%.
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Income Statement Information (2021): 1. Net income for the year ending December 31, 2021 is $130,500. 2. Depreciation expense is $18,000. 3. There is a loss of $9,000 resulted from the sale of long-te
Net income: $130,500
Depreciation expense: $18,000
Loss from the sale of long-term assets: $9,000
The income statement information for the year ending December 31, 2021 includes:
1. Net income of $130,500:
This represents the total profit earned by the company during the year after deducting all expenses, including operating expenses, taxes, and interest. It indicates the overall financial performance of the business.2. Depreciation expense of $18,000:
Depreciation is a non-cash expense that reflects the gradual wear and tear or obsolescence of long-term assets. It reduces the reported net income but does not involve an actual outflow of cash.3. Loss of $9,000 from the sale of long-term assets:
This indicates that the company incurred a loss when disposing of its long-term assets. It implies that the proceeds from the sale were less than the book value of the assets being sold.These components provide insights into the company's profitability, the impact of depreciation on earnings, and the financial outcome of asset disposals during the given period.
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Under the equity method, the investor O debits the Revenue from Investments when the investee reports income O must debit the Equity Investments account when a dividend is received O must use the LIFO method for tax purposes O must record its share of the investee's net income
According to the given information, O must record its share of the investee's net income under the equity method. Therefore, the correct option is must record its share of the investee's net income. What is the Equity Method? The equity method is a book keeping technique used to report an investor's investment in a business in its financial statements.
It is a technique that allows an investor to account for its investment in another company (the investee). Under the equity method,which mainly include tech-savvy people who are always in search of new and innovative products. Apple has always marketed its products by focusing on their unique features, design, and quality. The company’s product development strategy has been successful in retaining its existing customers and attracting new ones to its brand.
Apple Inc. is one of the biggest tech companies in the world, and it has always focused on developing new products to cater to its existing markets. The company is known for its innovative products that have revolutionized the market. One of the best examples of Apple’s product development strategy is the iPhone. Apple has always marketed its products by focusing on their unique features, design, and quality. the investor records its share of the investee's net income in the investor's income statement. The investor debits the revenue from investments account when the investee reports income, as per the equity method. If a dividend is received, the investor will debit the Cash account or Dividend Receivable account. Additionally, if the value of an investment changes, the investor will need to adjust the investment's value.
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a) By using the relevant equation; describe the concept of measuring monopoly power in terms of industrial concentration ratio. Use examples from real life cases where few firms dominate the industry while many some-scale firms present in the industry. b) Define Lerner index as measurement of monopoly power. c) Work out Lerner index coefficient for a competitive firm and monopolist firm. d) A monopolist firm obtains economic profits in the short run. Can economic profits perpetuate in the long- run? Why? Explain briefly.
The concept of measuring monopoly power in terms of the industrial concentration ratio requires figuring out the level of market dominance owned by a few enterprises within an industry.
For instance, Apple and Samsung control a sizable portion of sales in the smartphone sector, dominating the market. A high concentration ratio, which denotes a high level of industrial concentration, reflects their market domination. In contrast, the soft drink industry has multiple players like Coca-Cola, PepsiCo, and Dr. Pepper Snapple Group, among others, which leads to a lower concentration ratio and a more dispersed market structure.
The ability of a company to set prices above its marginal cost is measured by the Lerner index, a monopoly power indicator. It is determined by dividing the price by the difference between the price a firm charges and its marginal cost.
Indicator Lerner = (P - MC) / P
where P is the firm's price charged.
Marginal cost of production is MC.
The Lerner index is a scale that goes from 0 to 1, with 0 signifying complete competition (no monopoly power) and 1 signifying a pure monopoly (highest monopoly power). More monopoly power is indicated by a higher Lerner index.
The Lerner index coefficient will be close to zero for a competitive firm functioning in a market with perfect competition. As price takers in a market with perfect competition, firms' prices will always be equal to their marginal costs. Due to the little gap between price and marginal cost, the Lerner index coefficient will be very near to zero.
The Lerner index coefficient will be greater than zero for a monopolist corporation. A positive Lerner index coefficient results from the monopolist's capacity to set prices above its marginal cost as the only producer in the market. The amount of the monopolist's pricing power and monopoly profits increases with the coefficient.
A monopolist firm can generate economic profits in the near term. But in the long run, a market with perfect competition cannot sustain economic profits because the monopolist's market strength can be undermined by other businesses entering the market to compete with it.
Short-term economic gains draw new businesses into a sector in order to take advantage of those gains. The monopolist's market dominance declines as new competitors enter the market, increasing competition and driving down economic profits.
In the long run, a competitive market equilibrium is reached where all firms earn normal profits, meaning that their total revenue equals their total costs, including both explicit and implicit costs. Therefore, while a monopolist firm may obtain economic profits in the short run, it cannot perpetuate these profits in the long run due to increased competition and the absence of barriers to entry
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Zara is a chain of fashion stores owned by Inditex, Spain's largest apparel manufacturer and retailer. In 2015, Inditex reported sales of about 21 billion euros from more than 7,000 retail outlets in
Zara, owned by Inditex, achieved sales of approximately 21 billion euros from over 7,000 retail outlets in 2015, driven by its fast fashion strategy and vertical integration.
Zara, owned by Inditex, is a renowned chain of fashion stores known for its fast fashion business model. In 2015, Inditex achieved impressive sales of approximately 21 billion euros through its extensive network of over 7,000 retail outlets globally. The success of Zara can be attributed to several key factors.
1. Fast Fashion Strategy: Zara's core strength lies in its fast fashion strategy, which involves offering trendy and fashionable clothing that is quickly and efficiently produced and distributed. Zara's agile supply chain allows it to respond rapidly to changing fashion trends, bringing new designs to stores within a short timeframe.
2. Vertical Integration: Inditex's vertical integration plays a significant role in Zara's success. The company controls every aspect of the supply chain, from design and production to distribution and retail. This integrated approach allows for greater control over quality, costs, and speed, enabling Zara to maintain a competitive edge.
3. Market Responsiveness: Zara is highly responsive to customer demands and preferences. The company relies on real-time feedback from customers and store managers to make quick decisions about product design, production, and replenishment. This customer-centric approach ensures that Zara's stores offer the latest fashion trends and meet customer expectations.
4. Store Network Expansion: Zara's extensive retail network plays a crucial role in its sales growth. The brand strategically opens stores in prime locations, targeting key markets worldwide. This widespread presence enhances brand visibility, accessibility, and customer reach.
5. Efficient Inventory Management: Zara's inventory management system is a key driver of its success. The company maintains lower inventory levels compared to traditional retailers by producing smaller quantities and restocking frequently. This approach minimizes the risk of excess inventory and reduces markdowns, improving profitability.
6. Brand Identity and Marketing: Zara has built a strong brand identity associated with affordable, trendy fashion. The brand maintains a focused marketing strategy, relying on word-of-mouth, social media, and minimal traditional advertising to create buzz and generate customer interest.
Overall, Zara's success can be attributed to its fast fashion strategy, vertical integration, market responsiveness, store network expansion, efficient inventory management, and strong brand identity. These factors have propelled Zara to become a leading player in the global fashion industry.
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The internal rate of return method assumes that all cash inflows can be immediately reinvested in new projects at the A. Cost of the corporation's common stock. B. Hurdle rate. M C. Internal rate of returm D. Cost of the corporation's long-term debt
The internal rate of return method assumes that all cash inflows can be immediately reinvested at the internal rate of return.
The internal rate of return (IRR) method is a capital budgeting technique used to evaluate the profitability of an investment project. It calculates the discount rate at which the net present value (NPV) of the project becomes zero.
In the context of the IRR method, the assumption is made that all cash inflows generated by the project can be immediately reinvested at the calculated internal rate of return.
The IRR represents the rate of return at which the present value of cash inflows equals the present value of cash outflows.
It is a measure of the project's profitability and is often compared to a predetermined hurdle rate or the cost of capital to determine the feasibility of the investment. If the IRR is greater than the hurdle rate or the cost of capital, the project is considered financially viable.
The assumption that all cash inflows can be immediately reinvested at the IRR is based on the concept of opportunity cost.
It assumes that the cash generated by the project can be reinvested in other projects or investment opportunities that yield a return equal to the IRR. This assumption allows for a more accurate assessment of the project's profitability over its lifetime.
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As a delivery company, no one delivers better than Domino’s. Its reputation for hot pizza in 30 minutes
or less is ingrained in customer’s minds. But not long ago, Domino’s began hearing its customers talking
about how its pizza was horrible. As a company that has long focused on solid marketing intelligence to
make decisions, Domino’s went to work on how it could change consumer perceptions about its pizza.
Through marketing research techniques, Domino’s soon realized that it had to take a very risky step and
completely recreate the pizza that it had been selling for over 40 years. This video illustrates how
research not only enable Domino’s to come up with a winning recipe, but it led to a successful
promotional campaign that has made fans of Domino’s pizza in addition to its delivery service.
1. What role did marketing research play in the creation and launch of Domino’s new
pizza?
2. Could Domino’s have gone about its research process in a more effective way?
Explain
3. Why did it take so long for Domino’s to realize that customers didn’t like its pizza?
Was it an accident that it made this realization?
Marketing research played a crucial role leading to a successful promotional campaign and improved customer satisfaction, highlighting the importance of customer feedback and proactive research.
What is the Role of Marketing Research?1. Marketing research played a crucial role in the creation and launch of Domino's new pizza by providing insights into customer perceptions and preferences, identifying the need for change, and guiding the development of a winning recipe and promotional campaign.
2. It is difficult to determine if Domino's could have gone about its research process in a more effective way without specific details. However, continuous monitoring of customer feedback and proactive market research could have potentially identified the declining satisfaction with their pizza earlier, allowing for timely adjustments and improvements.
3. It took a while for Domino's to realize that customers didn't like its pizza because the company relied on its long-standing reputation and assumptions about customer preferences. This realization was not accidental but rather driven by customer feedback and market research that provided the necessary insights to recognize the need for change and take decisive action.
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question 4 suppose you have the following two mutually exclusive projects that you can carry out on the corner of 39th street and walnut street: build a daycare center or a health spa. suppose the day care center has the following cash flows: an immediate cash outlay of $5,000 followed by inflows of $2500 in each of the next 3 years and zero thereafter. suppose the health spa has the following cash flows: an immediate outlay of $5000 followed by inflows of nothing in year one, $1000 in year 2 and $7100 in year 3 and zero thereafter. if you base your investment decision on which investment has the highest npv, which do you choose when the discount rate is 15%?
Based on the Net Present Value (NPV) criterion with a discount rate of 15%, the health spa project should be chosen as it has the higher NPV compared to the daycare center project.
Based on the Net Present Value (NPV) criterion, if the discount rate is 15%, the investment with the highest NPV should be chosen. Let's calculate the NPV for each project:
For the daycare center:
Initial cash outlay: -$5,000
Cash inflows: $2,500 per year for 3 years (years 1 to 3)
Cash inflow in year 4: $0
Using a discount rate of 15%, we can calculate the NPV of the daycare center project using the formula:
NPV = (Cash inflow Year 1 / (1 + Discount rate)¹) + (Cash inflow Year 2 / (1 + Discount rate)²) + (Cash inflow Year 3 / (1 + Discount rate)³) + (Cash inflow Year 4 / (1 + Discount rate)⁴) - Initial cash outlay
NPV = ($2,500 / (1 + 0.15)¹) + ($2,500 / (1 + 0.15)²) + ($2,500 / (1 + 0.15)³) + ($0 / (1 + 0.15)⁴) - $5,000
For the health spa:
Initial cash outlay: -$5,000
Cash inflow in year 1: $0
Cash inflow in year 2: $1,000
Cash inflow in year 3: $7,100
Cash inflow in year 4: $0
NPV = ($0 / (1 + 0.15)¹) + ($1,000 / (1 + 0.15)²) + ($7,100 / (1 + 0.15)³) + ($0 / (1 + 0.15)⁴) - $5,000
By calculating the NPV for both projects, the investment with the highest NPV should be chosen.
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We discussed the Peruvian crisis of 1986 - using the central bank's balance sheet and a money market diagram, explain why and how the Peruvian CB lost 75% of its international reserves in two years.
The Peruvian central bank lost 75% of its international reserves in two years due to expansionary monetary policies, high inflation, loss of confidence in the currency, and capital flight.
The Peruvian crisis of 1986 resulted in the significant loss of 75% of the country's international reserves over a two-year period. To understand why and how this occurred, we can examine the central bank's balance sheet and a money market diagram.
During that time, Peru faced a severe external debt burden and high inflation. The central bank attempted to stabilize the economy by implementing expansionary monetary policies. These policies involved increasing the money supply to stimulate economic growth and mitigate the debt crisis.
To implement expansionary policies, the central bank would purchase government securities in the open market, injecting money into the economy. This increase in the money supply would lower interest rates, encouraging borrowing and investment.
However, the consequences of these policies proved detrimental. The expanded money supply led to increased domestic demand, which in turn fueled inflationary pressures. The high inflation eroded the value of the currency and undermined investor confidence.
As inflation accelerated, people started losing faith in the domestic currency, leading to capital flight. Investors sought to convert their local currency assets into more stable foreign currencies, thereby depleting the central bank's international reserves.
The money market diagram illustrates this process. The increase in the money supply shifts the supply curve to the right, causing the interest rate to decline. However, with rising inflation and loss of confidence, the demand for money declines as people seek foreign currencies. This shift in demand for money leads to a decrease in the exchange rate, putting further pressure on the central bank's international reserves.
In summary, the Peruvian central bank's expansionary monetary policies, aimed at stabilizing the economy and managing the debt crisis, inadvertently triggered high inflation and a loss of confidence in the domestic currency. This resulted in capital flight, devaluation of the currency, and a significant decline in international reserves over a two-year period.
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Answer the following question about the rate of return of an Australian investor that invests in the United Kingdom in Year 0. After a year of investment, the investor discovers that the return in Pound sterling is 14.97 percent. The exchange rates are 1 Pound Sterling to 1.87 at the start of the year and 1 Pound Sterling to 1.66 at the conclusion of the year. What is the return in Australian dollars (AUD) in percent and to two decimal places?
The return (as a percent rounded to two decimal places) is 2.11%
What is the return in Australian dollars?To fid the return, we can use the formula:
Return = (Final Value in AUD - Initial Value in AUD) / Initial Value in AUD * 100
First, let's calculate the initial and final values in AUD:
Initial Value in AUD = Initial Value in GBP * Exchange Rate at the start of the year
Final Value in AUD = Final Value in GBP * Exchange Rate at the end of the year
Given:
Return in GBP = 14.97%Exchange Rate at the start of the year = 1 GBP to 1.87 AUDExchange Rate at the conclusion of the year = 1 GBP to 1.66 AUDWe need to determine the initial and final values in GBP. Let's assume the initial value is 100 GBP:
Initial Value in GBP = 100 GBP
Final Value in GBP = Initial Value in GBP + (Return in GBP/100) * Initial Value in GBP
Calculating the final value in GBP:
Final Value in GBP = 100 GBP + (14.97/100) * 100 GBP
= 100 GBP + 14.97 GBP
= 114.97 GBP
Now let's calculate the initial and final values in AUD:
Initial Value in AUD = 100 GBP * 1.87 AUD/GBP
= 187 AUD
Final Value in AUD = 114.97 GBP * 1.66 AUD/GBP
= 190.9402 AUD (rounded to four decimal places)
Now we can calculate the return in AUD:
Return = (190.9402 AUD - 187 AUD) / 187 AUD * 100
= 3.9402 / 187 * 100
= 2.11% (rounded to 2 decimal places)
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Which type of accounting change should always be accounted for in current and future periods?
a. Change in accounting principle
b. Change in reporting entity
c. Change in accounting estimate
d. Correction of an error
The kind of accounting change ought to constantly be represented in current and future periods of change in accounting estimates.
The option (C) is correct.
An adjustment of the bookkeeping gauge happens when there is an update in the assessment of a sum detailed in fiscal reports for a past period. This change is represented tentatively, meaning it is perceived in the ongoing time frame and future periods impacted by the change.
It is vital to take note that an adjustment of the bookkeeping gauge reflects new data or conditions that were not accessible or known beforehand. Thus, it is fitting to change the budget reports going ahead to mirror the most dependable gauge in light of the new data accessible.
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Weismann Company issued 19-year bonds a year ago at a coupon rate of 9 percent. The bonds make semiannual payments and have a par value of $1,000. If the YTM on these bonds is 8 percent, what is the c
The current bond price approximately $1,094.54. Option C is correct.
To calculate the current bond price, we can use the present value formula for a bond. The formula is:
Bond Price = (Coupon Payment / (1 + YTM/2)^n) + (Coupon Payment / (1 + YTM/2)^(n-1)) + ... + (Coupon Payment + Par Value) / (1 + YTM/2)^(2*n)
Where:
Coupon Payment = Annual coupon rate * Par Value / 2 (since the bonds make semiannual payments)
YTM = Yield to Maturity
n = Number of periods (in this case, 19 years, so 38 semiannual periods)
Par Value = $1,000
Plugging in the values into the formula:
Coupon Payment = 0.09 * $1,000 / 2 = $45
YTM = 0.08
n = 38
Par Value = $1,000
Bond Price = ($45 / (1 + 0.08/2)^1) + ($45 / (1 + 0.08/2)^2) + ... + ($45 + $1,000) / (1 + 0.08/2)^38
Calculating this expression using a financial calculator or spreadsheet software, we find that the current bond price is approximately $1,094.54.
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Note the complete question is:
Weismann Co. issued 19-year bonds a year ago at a coupon rate of 9 percent. The bonds make semiannual payments and have a par value of $1,000. If the YTM on these bonds is 8 percent, what is the current bond price? Multiple Choice a) $1,104.54 b) $1,760.33 Oc) $1,094.54 d) $1,070.67 e) $599.24?
Show Attempt History Current Attempt in Progress Presented below is an aging schedule for Kingbird, Inc. at December 31, 2021. Number of Days Past Due Not Yet Due Customer Total 1-30 31-60 61-90 Anees
The aging schedule for Kingbird, Inc. at December 31, 2021, is as follows:
Not Yet Due: Customer Total
1-30 Days Past Due: Anees
The aging schedule provides a breakdown of the outstanding customer balances based on the number of days past due. In this case, the aging schedule for Kingbird, Inc. at December 31, 2021, indicates that there is one customer named Anees, and their account falls under the category of "1-30 Days Past Due."
The "Not Yet Due" category represents customers who have not yet reached their due dates and therefore have no past due balance. The specific details of the customers falling under this category are not provided in the given information.
The "1-30 Days Past Due" category includes customers who have a balance that is overdue by 1 to 30 days. Anees is the only customer mentioned in this category, but no specific balance or further details about their account are provided.
Based on the given information, this is the extent of the aging schedule for Kingbird, Inc. at December 31, 2021. It is important to note that additional categories, such as "31-60 Days Past Due" and "61-90 Days Past Due," may exist but are not mentioned in the provided details.
In summary, the aging schedule for Kingbird, Inc. at December 31, 2021, includes one customer, Anees, who has a balance that is 1-30 days past due. The specific details of the balances and any other categories beyond the 1-30 day range are not provided in the given information.
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At the beginning of 2018, VHF Industries acquired a equipment with a fair value of $6,074,700 by issuing a four-year, noninterest- bearing note in the face amount of $8 million. The note is payable in four annual installments of $2 million at the end of each year.
What is the effective rate of interest implicit in the agreement?
According to the question [tex]\(6,074,700 \approx 6,905,328\)[/tex] The left side of the equation is not equal to the right side, we can conclude that the assumed rate of 6% per year is not the correct effective rate of interest.
To find the effective rate of interest implicit in the agreement, we can consider the present value of the note and the cash flows associated with it.
Given:
Face amount of the note: $8 million
Fair value of the equipment: $6,074,700
Annual installment: $2 million
We can calculate the present value of the note by discounting the future cash flows at the effective rate of interest. Let's assume the effective rate of interest is [tex]\(r\) (expressed as a decimal).[/tex]
The present value of the note can be calculated as follows:
[tex]\[\text{{Present value}} = \frac{{\text{{Annual installment}}}}{{(1 + r)^1}} + \frac{{\text{{Annual installment}}}}{{(1 + r)^2}} + \frac{{\text{{Annual installment}}}}{{(1 + r)^3}} + \frac{{\text{{Face amount}}}}{{(1 + r)^4}}\][/tex]
Substituting the given values, we have:
[tex]\[6,074,700 = \frac{{2,000,000}}{{(1 + r)^1}} + \frac{{2,000,000}}{{(1 + r)^2}} + \frac{{2,000,000}}{{(1 + r)^3}} + \frac{{8,000,000}}{{(1 + r)^4}}\][/tex]
To find the effective rate of interest [tex](\(r\)),[/tex] we can solve this equation using numerical methods such as trial and error, or by utilizing financial software or calculators.
The resulting effective rate of interest will depend on the specific solution to this equation
Let's solve the equation for the effective rate of interest by assuming a value and finding the corresponding solution.
Assume a rate of 6% per year (0.06) as the effective rate of interest. Substituting this value into the equation, we have:
[tex]\(6,074,700 = \frac{{2,000,000}}{{(1 + 0.06)^1}} + \frac{{2,000,000}}{{(1 + 0.06)^2}} + \frac{{2,000,000}}{{(1 + 0.06)^3}} + \frac{{8,000,000}}{{(1 + 0.06)^4}}\)[/tex]
Simplifying the equation, we get:
[tex]\(6,074,700 = \frac{{2,000,000}}{{1.06}} + \frac{{2,000,000}}{{1.06^2}} + \frac{{2,000,000}}{{1.06^3}} + \frac{{8,000,000}}{{1.06^4}}\)[/tex]
Evaluating the equation, we find:
[tex]\(6,074,700 \approx 1,886,792 + 1,775,680 + 1,669,210 + 1,573,646\)[/tex]
[tex]\(6,074,700 \approx 6,905,328\)[/tex]
Since the left side of the equation is not equal to the right side, we can conclude that the assumed rate of 6% per year is not the correct effective rate of interest.
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calculate the future value of the following annuity streams: a. $4,000 received each year for 4 years on the last day of each year if your investments pay 6 percent compounded annually.
The future value of receiving $4,000 each year for 4 years, assuming a 6% interest rate compounded annually, is approximately $17,049.84.
To calculate the future value of an annuity stream, we can use the formula for the future value of an ordinary annuity:
Future Value = Payment × [(1 + Interest Rate)^(Number of Periods) - 1] / Interest Rate
In this case, we have:
Payment = $4,000 (the amount received each year)
Interest Rate = 6% (or 0.06, expressed as a decimal)
Number of Periods = 4 years
Plugging these values into the formula, we get:
Future Value = $4,000 × [(1 + 0.06)⁴ - 1] / 0.06
Calculating the expression inside the brackets first:
(1 + 0.06)⁴ = 1.262476
Now we can calculate the future value:
Future Value = $4,000 × (1.262476 - 1) / 0.06
Future Value = $4,000 × 0.262476 / 0.06
Future Value ≈ $17,049.84
Therefore, the future value of receiving $4,000 each year for 4 years, assuming a 6% interest rate compounded annually, is approximately $17,049.84.
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Papa Roach Exterminators, Inc., has sales of $699,000 and total
costs of $305,000. In addition the firm has a depreciation expense
of $50,000, an interest expense of $25,000, and an average tax rate
o
The addition to retained earnings for the year is e. $134,350.
How to solve thisOur first step in determining this is to locate the net income of the company.
To calculate this, we deduct the company's overall expenses, including depreciation and interest costs, from its overall revenue. Our earnings amount to $319,000 after all deductions and expenses.
Afterward, it is necessary to compute the company's taxation. To achieve this, we use the firm's tax rate to calculate its tax payment, which is obtained by multiplying its net income.
. This gives us taxes of $111,650.
Finally, we need to subtract the firm's cash dividends and its purchases of fixed assets from its net income. This gives us an addition to retained earnings of $134,350.
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The Complete Question
Papa Roach Exterminators, Inc., has sales of $699,000 and total costs of $305,000. In addition the firm has a depreciation expense of $50,000, an interest expense of $25,000, and an average tax rate of 35 percent. If the firm paid out $73,000 in cash dividends and also purchased $73,000 in fixed assets, what is the addition to retained earnings for the year? Multiple Choice a. $120,915 b. $209,350 c. $159,350 d. $184,350 e. $134,350
Problem 2-21 Debt versus Equity Financing (LG2-1) You are considering a stock investment in one of two firms (NoEquity, Inc., and NoDebt, Inc.), both of which operate in the same industry and have identical EBITDA of $38.0 million and operating income of $29.5 million. NoEquity, Inc., finances its $40 million in assets with $39 million in debt (on which it pays 10 percent interest annually) and $1 million in equity. NoDebt, Inc., finances its $40 million in assets with no debt and $40 million in equity. Both firms pay a tax rate of 21 percent on their taxable income. Calculate the net income and return on assets-funders' investments-for the two firms. (Enter your dollar answers in millions of dollars. Round "Net income" answers to 3 decimal places and "Return on assets" answers to 2 decimal places.) NoEquity NoDebt Net income. million million % Return on assets %
Let us first calculate the net income for the two firms:
For NoEquity, Inc:EBITDA = $38.0 million Operating Income = $29.5 million Interest = $39 million × 10% = $3.9 millionEBT = $29.5 million - $3.9 million = $25.6 millionTax (at 21%) = $5.38 millionNet Income = $20.22 millionFor NoDebt, Inc:EBITDA = $38.
0 millionOperating Income = $29.5 millionTax (at 21%) = $5.38 millionNet Income = $24.12 millionNext, let us calculate the Return on Assets (ROA) for the two firms:ROA for NoEquity, Inc = Net Income / Total Assets= $20.22 million / $40 million = 0.5055 or 50.55% ROA for No Debt, Inc = Net Income / Total Assets= $24.12 million / $40 million = 0.603 or 60.30%
Hence, the required values are:NoEquity No Debt Net income $20.220 million $24.120 million Return on assets 50.55% 60.30%
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While all members of the Federal Reserve Board of Governors vote at Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) meetings, only how many of the regional bank presidents are members of the FOMC?
a. 7
b. 5
c. 8
8 regional bank presidents are members of the FOMC. The correct option is C.
Of the regional bank presidents, a total of 12 serve on the Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC). This includes the president of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, who is a permanent member of the FOMC.
The remaining 11 regional bank presidents serve on a rotating basis, with 4 of them having voting rights at any given time. This rotation ensures that a diverse range of perspectives from different regions of the United States are represented in the FOMC's decision-making process.
The correct option is C.
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At December 31, 2021, Pharoah Company had a five-month, 5%, $78,000 note receivable that was issued on October 1, 2021. Interest and principal are payable at maturity on March 1, 2022. Prepare the December 31, 2021, adjusting entry for accrued interest. (Credit account titles are automatically indented when amount is entered. Do not indent manually. If no entry is required, select "No Entry" for the account titles and enter
Dec 31, 2021 Interest Receivable $1,950 Dr., Interest Revenue $1,950 Cr.
To prepare the December 31, 2021, adjusting entry for accrued interest on the note receivable, we need to calculate the interest accrued from October 1, 2021, to December 31, 2021.
The note has a face value of $78,000 and an interest rate of 5%. The interest is calculated for a period of 3 months (October, November, December).
Interest accrued = Principal amount × Interest rate × Time
= $78,000 × 5% × (3/12)
= $1,950
Now, let's prepare the adjusting entry:
Date Account Title Debit Credit
Dec 31, 2021 Interest Receivable $1,950
Interest Revenue $1,950
The adjusting entry records the increase in interest receivable, representing the amount of interest earned but not yet received. The corresponding entry is made to the interest revenue account to recognize the revenue.
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