how corruption manifest in public sector and private sector
Answer:
All before-mentioned forms of corruption occur in the public sector, including bribery, embezzlement, illicit enrichment, trading in influence, and abuse of functions (which can involve favouritism and nepotism). As noted in Module 1, the precise legal articulation of corruption offences is complex. For example, article 15 of UNCAC defines bribery in the public sector as "[t]he promise, offering or giving, to a public official, directly or indirectly, of an undue advantage, for the official himself or herself or another person or entity, in order that the official act or refrain from acting in the exercise of his or her official duties". While this definition can be difficult to digest, the essence of the crime - money or anything else of value exchanged for benefits from political or economic actors - is not difficult to grasp. Nor is it difficult to understand the effect of the crime - circumventing lawful procedures by auctioning off political or economic power to the highest bidder.
The same goes for embezzlement and misappropriation of property, defined in UNCAC Article 17. Beyond the complex legal formulation of the definition, the bottom line is that someone entrusted with something valuable (such as property, funds or investments) has taken it for him- or herself or routed it to some third party at the expense of others. It is, essentially, a combination of betrayal and theft. UNCAC article 19 defines the offence of abuse of functions. This offence could apply to situations such as patronage (the use of State resources to reward individuals for their electoral support); nepotism (preferential treatment of relatives); cronyism (awarding jobs and other advantages to friends or trusted colleagues); and sextortion (the demand for sexual favours as a form of payment) - all of which undermine independent or democratically representative decision-making, and fair and competitive processes in the formation or staffing of governments. Like the crimes of bribery and embezzlement, these forms of corruption are highly destructive of transparency, accountability and the rule of law. That is not only their effect; it is also their object and purpose. For a further discussion of the crimes defined by UNCAC and the corollary obligations of States that are party to the Convention, see Module 12 of the E4J University Module Series on Anti-Corruption.
Corruption manifests differently in different areas of the public sector. For example, corruption schemes in the areas of security and defence may include patronage and bribes to secure the purchase of military equipment from a particular company, while in the health sector it may refer to kickbacks that patients have to pay to their doctors or abuse of healthcare funds by public officials and doctors. In the area of education, corruption occurs when lecturers demand favours from their students to pass an exam or to receive a diploma (for more information about corruption in education see Module 9 of the E4J University Module Series on Anti-Corruption). Common corruption schemes in the police and the judiciary include the manipulation of cases and evidence by the police, court judgments given to satisfy a favoured party, and corruption in judicial procurement. All these schemes lead to people's frustration, disengagement, polarization and even conflict. When these corruption offences occur in the areas of the public sector that are responsible for providing justice and enforcing the law, such as the judiciary and the police, they are not only offences in their own right, they also obstruct the course of justice and undermine the rule of law and human rights in the most direct and fundamental way.
Which person was a union organizer who encouraged workers to strike for better treatment?(1 point)
Mother Jones
Dorothea Dix
Ida Tarbell
Lewis Hine
Pwease help i will give you brain thing if its correct ♡
The answer is : Learned
Good luck
Why did Donald Trump think that the election was stolen from him?
Answer:
Possibly because of how Pennslyvania had changed from a republican state to a democratic state in about a day.
what are types of government
legislative, judicial and I'm not sure
Answer:
Monarchy, Oligarchy, Theocracy, Authoritarianism, and Totalitarianism.
Explanation:
Monarchy - Rule of one. It was traditionally a king or emperor ruling, but in modern times this usually describes a dictator.
Oligarchy - Rule of the few. Traditionally, this described a group of aristocrats, men of noble blood. But is easily describes a group of warlords or a military junta.
Theocracy - Rule by God. Since God rarely shows up to manage the day-to-day affairs of government, this involves rule by a religious leader or group of religious officials who interpret God's will.
Authoritarianism - Monopoly of political power by an individual/small group that allows people to go about their private lives as they wish.
Totalitarianism - Rule by an elite who exercises unlimited power over individuals in all aspects of life.
How did a policy of apartheid affect cultural and political patterns in South Africa?
Answer:
After the National Party gained power in South Africa in 1948, its all-white government immediately began enforcing existing policies of racial segregation. Under apartheid, nonwhite South Africans (a majority of the population) would be forced to live in separate areas from whites and use separate public facilities.
An effect of the law was to exclude non-whites from living in the most developed areas. Many non-whites were forcibly removed for living in the wrong areas. In addition, the non-white majority was given a much smaller area of the country. Subsequently, the white minority owned most of the nation's land.
List of apartheid segregation
Population registration and segregation.
Job reservation and economic apartheid.
Segregation in education.
Sexual apartheid.
Land tenure and geographic segregation.
Pass laws and influx control.
Political representation.
Separate development and bantustan
Apartheid refers to the implementation and maintenance of a system of legalized racial segregation in which one racial group is deprived of political and civil rights. Apartheid is a crime against humanity punishable under the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court.
In 1977 the problems suffered by both Ndebele groups were compounded by the granting of "independence" to the territory of Bophuthatswana, under the leadership of Lucas Mangope. This process had begun some time earlier, in the late 1960s, when Tswana vigilantes began a programme of ethnic cleansing in Garankuwa, a black dormitory suburb of Pretoria. They began by ordering Ndebele residents to leave the township, but soon extended this to include all non-Tswana families. In time this spread to other areas, and by the time Bophuthatswana was established in 1977, non-Tswana residents were being denied identification documents, trading licenses, access to housing, social benefits and mother-language education. This persecution was especially severe against Ndebele citizens who, unlike members of other ethnic groups, did not have the benefit of a "homeland" they could move to under the provisions of Pretoria apartheid planning. Understandably Tswana chauvinism, layered over the existing system of white bigotry and Apartheid racism, led many Ndebele, Northern and Southern, to organise themselves along ethnic lines.
This process of ethnic separation needs to be understood in the larger context of Apartheid planning which initially only provided for the racial segregation of the country's four main groups, so-called European, African, Indian and Coloured. One of Apartheid's main concerns was inter-racial miscegenation, most specifically between whites and any of the three other groups, and although the Immorality laws prohibited inter-racial mixing between all four groups, the only times when these were applied was when one of the parties was white.
Ethnic separation, on the other hand, extended the scope of such chauvinism to inter-black relationships, and allowed each group to initiate its own programmes of ethnic cleansing. Needless to say, parallel developments were also taking place in the Transkei, and were soon to spread to Venda and Ciskei upon their own granting of "independence" and Lebowa and Gazankulu when they were granted "self-determination". It is not difficult to see therefore, how, by 1990, when the Nationalist government and the ANC began a process of rapprochement and pacification, the country had reached the brink of a racial and ethnic holocaust.
Which number on the map represents the country of Saudi Arabia 1 2 3 4
South America is located entirely within what hemisphere
Answer:southern hemisphere
Explanation:
Answer:
South America is a continent entirely in the Western Hemisphere and mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a relatively small portion in the Northern Hemisphere.
Explanation:
Select all that apply. Which of the following magazines would be considered a general interest magazine?
Saturday Evening Post
Seattle Metropolitan
People Reader's Digest
Sport's Illustrated
I believe the answer is people reader's digest ^^
Example of magazines that would be considered a general interest magazine is People Reader's Digest.
What is magazine ?A magazine is a periodical publication containing articles and illustrations.
This magazine is usually written on a particular subject or aimed at a particular readership.
Therefore, People Reader's Digest. because it contains some interest about many topics.
Learn more about magazine at;
https://brainly.com/question/25262435
Which letter would have the coldest climate?
А
B
С
D
p
Answer:
B
Explanation:
Its B number I think.
It must be 20 characters long
Early magazines were often a more ____ medium than today's magazines. a-lucrative b-entertaining c-serious
Answer:
C
Explanation:
Early magazines were often more Serious.
how social media may perpetuate attacks on LGBQI individuals
Social me.dia is a place for anyone to talk to anyone. People can bully anyone they see fit simply for being LGBT.
20 POINTS Which component of the justice system will not try an adult in Georgia?
A.corrections system
B.juvenile court
C.superior court
D.law enforcement
Answer:
its B! Juvenile court!
Explanation:
Juvenile court is for kids not Adults!
Pwease help i will give you brain thing if its correct ♡
Answer:
I believe it is shared.
Explanation:
Cause if there is a block party and people bring dishes and pass them around to everyone then they would be sharing. Hope this is correct. :)
Answer: I think shared
Explanation:
Because it is a block party with neighbors coming over I don't if it's right but that is my guess.
Match each of the following words with its best antonym.
1
Insidious
?
Energetic
1
Facetious
?
Serious
1
1
Lethargic
?
Honest
Answer:The Georgia Platform was a statement supporting
Explanation:antonym.
Answer:
Lethargic - Energetic
Facetious - Serious
Insidious - Honest
Hope this helps you :)
Read about John Good and then answer the question. Why did John Good mark the horseshoes with bent nails? so he would know which horses were his so he could identify members of the Ku Klux Klan so he could hurt the horses that belonged to Klan members
Answer:
ITs B so he could identify members of the Ku Klux Klan
Explanation:
Answer:
The answer is B. so he could identify members of the Ku Klux Klan.
Explanation:
I got the question correct on E d g e n u i t y 2021.
Hope this helps :)
What is the main function of the legislative branch?
A.
to interpret laws
B.
to enforce laws
C.
to make laws
D.
to execute laws
E.
to veto laws
Answer:
C. Makes laws
Explanation:
do Christians need to be concerned about the manner in which they present the gospel message?
Answer:
no , just as long as they are delivering the work of their father
but should do it with caution.
At the national level, political parties are responsible for A. selecting county party leadership. B. serving as the presidential candidates' campaign staff. C. deciding the parties positions on key issues. D. electing delegates for state conventions.
Answer:
B.
Explanation:
Answer:
C
Explanation:
proof:
There are several ways that a mutation may occur. Which of the following is not a way for a mutation to occur during the DNA replication (copying) process? A Sections of genes can be removed. B Sections of genes may be added. C All of the organism’s genes are removed. D An entire gene may be reversed. HELP PLZ
c.all of the organisms genes are removed
Explanation:
Mutations are the spontaneous in the genetic. variation of organisms
Decomposer
How it gets its energy
Examples of animals
Answer:
The plants use energy from the Sun to make their own food. Both antelopes and squirrels get energy by eating plants. Thehawk gets energy by eating the squirrels. Mountain lions and coyotes get energyfrom eating the antelopes.
20 POINTS Which of the following is not one of Georgia's five levels of trial courts?
state court
superior court
supreme court
probate court
Answer:
Im pretty sure its the thrid one!
Answer:
supreme court
Explanation:
The Georgia court system has six classes of trial-level courts: the superior, state, juvenile, probate, magistrate, and municipal courts.
No links please help I'll give you brain thing if its correct <3
Explanation:
1<3
✅✅✅✅✅✅✅✅✅☑️☑️☑️✔️✔️✔️✔️✔️✔️
6-89÷4
Whats the answer??
[tex]\huge{\textbf{\textsf{{\color{navy}{An}}{\purple{sw}}{\pink{er}} {\color{pink}{:}}}}}[/tex]
6-89÷4 =
−16.25
Thanks.hope it helpsAnswer:
- 16.25
Explanation:
6-89÷4
= 6-22.25
= - 16.25
explain the way you can invest make money if you were giving a million dollars how would you invest it to build wealth
Answer:
you would invest I stocks or bit coin because you get interest. also sign up for a credit card and pay everything on time so you can have a perfect credit. once you have enough wealth buy out a company and you can make even more money
The U.S. criminal justice system is designed to
PLEASE HELP, ITS DUE AT 10:00
Answer:
17: Slave labor
18: Military
19. math
20: quipu
Explanation:
Answers:
17: War
18: Army
19: Math
20: Quipu
Written Wording:
The Inca empire was built on war. All young men had to serve in the Army. The Inca developed a method for doing math. They used a role with knotted cords of different lengths and colours called a quipu.
Hope this helps.
What is a pro democracy protest ??
help me pls math math math
Answer:
1
Explanation:
its confusinf
Answer:
1
Explanation:
Japans number one natural resource is?
Oil, lumber, a skilled work force, or steel