Calculate the fluid intake of an infant weighing 2 Kg:
D10W at 10 cc/hr __________ cc/kg/day
D10W at 12 cc/hr___________cc/kg/day
D10W at 6.7 cc/hr___________cc/kg/day
Calculate the fluid and caloric intake of an infant weighing 1700 grams PIV order: HAL D10W at 6 cc/hr, Lipid 10% at 1 cc/hr, and feeding of PE 22 22 at 6 CC Q3 hrs:
___________ cc/kg/day
___________cal/kg/day
Infant birth weight 300 grams, new admission, order PIV D10W 80 cc/kg/day at what rate will the PIV rate be set? _______ cc/hr
Then this ^same infant starts PO Enfamil 20 at 5 cc Q3, increasing feedings 5 cc every other feeding and titrate PIV to keep total fluid intake of 80 cc/kg/day:
What rate will the PIV rate be set at after the infant took 5 cc of Enfamil? ______ cc/hr
What will the PIV rate be set at after the infant took 15 cc of Enfamil?______ cc/hr
What will the PIV rate be set at if the infant took 20 cc and has emesis of 5 cc? ______cc/hr
What will be his full feed? _____ cc Q3 hr, ______cc Q4 hr

For Part 1: Walter Reed National Military Medical Center's core competencies include the following: Active engagement in quality care services.

2. Walter Reed National Military Medical Center is one of the only hospitals in the United States that specializes in trauma care and research, which is a rare and valuable competency. Additionally, the center has a large number of highly trained and experienced medical staff, which is a costly competency.

3. Competitive capabilities: A focus on patient-centered care, continuous improvement, medical advancements through research and development, advanced surgical procedures, treatment, and diagnostic capabilities. Weaknesses: Insufficient funding, limited public awareness, and a lack of strategic partnerships.

4. Resource-Based View (RBV) approach: The organization's tangible and intangible assets, such as skilled staff, training and learning programs, culture, and research capabilities, are all resources that may be used to achieve strategic objectives. Additionally, the hospital's location, physical infrastructure, and advanced medical technologies are all tangible resources that may provide it with a competitive advantage.

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In the market for hamburgers, we are given the number of sellers and the quantity of hamburgers each seller is willing to sell at different prices. We can use this information to determine the market demand and supply curves and find the equilibrium price and quantity.

a. The demand schedule for hamburgers is not given, so we cannot determine the market demand curve.

b. Each seller is willing to sell hamburgers at the following prices and quantities:

Price Quantity $0 0 $1 20 $2 40 $3 60 $4 80 $5 100 $6 120 $7 140 $8 160 $9 180 $10 200

These individual supply schedules can be used to construct a market supply curve. The market supply curve is the horizontal sum of individual supply curves. At a price of $0, the total quantity supplied is 0 (the sum of all individual quantities supplied at that price). At a price of $1, the total quantity supplied is 20 (the sum of all individual quantities supplied at that price).

We can repeat this process for all prices to obtain the following market supply curve:

Price Quantity $0 0 $1 20 $2 40 $3 60 $4 80 $5 100 $6 120 $7 140 $8 160 $9 180 $10 200

c. To find the equilibrium price and quantity,

we need to find the point where the market demand and supply curves intersect. Since we do not have the demand schedule, we cannot find the exact equilibrium point. However, we can make some general observations. If the demand for hamburgers is high, the equilibrium price and quantity will be higher. If the demand for hamburgers is low, the equilibrium price and quantity will be lower.

Again, this is just an estimate based on the limited information we have. The actual equilibrium price and quantity would depend on the market demand schedule. Therefore, the equilibrium price of hamburgers is estimated to be $5, and the equilibrium quantity is estimated to be 100.

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The additional cash investments made by Sorensen and Lucas were also journalized. The classified balance sheet for Blossom Company on January 1, 2022, shows total assets of $111,800 and total liabilities and owners' equity of $111,800.

In order to prepare separate journal entries to record the transfer of each proprietorship's assets and liabilities to the partnership, Blossom Company, we need to consider the agreed-upon valuations for noncash assets. Here are the journal entries for each proprietorship:

Transfer of Sorensen's assets and liabilities:

Date: January 1

Account Titles and Explanation Debit Credit

Cash $10,000

Accounts Receivable $13,000

Inventory $19,500

Allowance for Doubtful Accounts $3,300

Equipment $33,000

Accumulated Depreciation - Equipment $25,900

Notes Payable $2,200

Accounts Payable $17,800

Sorensen, Capital $13,300

Blossom Company, Capital (Transfer) $94,900

Transfer of Lucas' assets and liabilities:

Date: January 1

Account Titles and Explanation Debit Credit

Cash $8,900

Accounts Receivable $19,000

Inventory $13,600

Allowance for Doubtful Accounts $3,000

Equipment $21,000

Accumulated Depreciation - Equipment $11,300

Notes Payable $3,300

Accounts Payable $8,100

Lucas, Capital $17,100

Blossom Company, Capital (Transfer) $84,500

Next, for the additional cash investment by each partner:

Sorensen's investment:

Date: January 1

Account Titles and Explanation Debit Credit

Cash $3,700

Sorensen, Capital $3,700

Lucas' investment:

Date: January 1

Account Titles and Explanation Debit Credit

Cash $14,100

Lucas, Capital $14,100

Finally, to prepare the classified balance sheet for Blossom Company on January 1, 2022:

BLOSSOM COMPANY

Balance Sheet

January 1, 2022

Current Assets:

Cash $23,600

Accounts Receivable $32,000

Inventory $33,100

Allowance for Doubtful Accounts $6,300

Total Current Assets $95,000

Property, Plant, and Equipment:

Equipment $54,000

Accumulated Depreciation - Equipment $37,200

Total Property, Plant, and Equipment $16,800

Total Assets $111,800

Current Liabilities:

Notes Payable $5,500

Accounts Payable $25,900

Total Current Liabilities $31,400

Owners' Equity:

Sorensen, Capital $17,000

Lucas, Capital $31,200

Total Owners' Equity $48,200

Total Liabilities and Owners' Equity $111,800

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Organic, vegan, and eco-friendly products are a common term in the personal care and cosmetic industry. However, halal has emerged as the latest and upcoming trend. Previously, the word 'halal' meant the consumption of meat following Islamic law.

But, as society advances and ethical consumerism becomes more prevalent, halal has taken on a new meaning.The personal care and cosmetics industry has adapted the term 'halal' to mean that the products they offer are permissible and suitable for Muslim consumers. Halal products, like other ethical products, ensure that the consumers know what they are purchasing and that the products they are using are ethically sound.

These products contain no animal by-products, alcohol, or animal testing, which makes them appealing to people from all walks of life.Halal is an emerging trend, and it's not just for the Muslim community; anyone who is concerned about the products they use can find these products appealing. People are becoming more aware of the products they are using and their effects on the environment, animals, and people. Halal products not only cater to the ethical needs of a group of consumers but also focus on environmentally friendly products.

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To calculate the price of the bond, we need to use the present value formula. The formula for the present value of a bond is: Price = (C / (1 + r)^n) + (F / (1 + r)^n). The price of the bond is $924.94

Where:
C = coupon payment
r = yield to maturity (expressed as a decimal)
n = number of periods

In this case, the bond has a $1,000 face value (F), a 6.8% coupon rate (C), semiannual coupons, two years to maturity, and an 8.4% APR yield to maturity (r).

First, we need to calculate the coupon payment. Since the coupon is paid semiannually, we need to divide the annual coupon rate by 2:

Coupon payment = 0.068 * $1,000 / 2 = $34

Next, we need to convert the yield to maturity from APR to a decimal and divide it by 2 to match the semiannual coupon payments:

Yield to maturity (r) = 8.4% / 2 = 0.042

Now, we can calculate the price of the bond:

Price = ($34 / (1 + 0.042)^4) + ($1,000 / (1 + 0.042)^4)

Simplifying the equation:

Price = $32.1426 + $892.7946

Rounding to the nearest cent, the price of the bond is $924.94.

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The portfolio's beta, calculated based on the weighted average of the two stocks, is approximately 1.00. Beta measures the portfolio's sensitivity to market movements.

To calculate the portfolio's beta, we need to determine the weighted average beta of the two stocks based on their respective investments.

First, calculate the weighted beta for each stock:

Weighted Beta of Stock 1 = Beta of Stock 1 * (Investment in Stock 1 / Total Portfolio Investment)

Weighted Beta of Stock 2 = Beta of Stock 2 * (Investment in Stock 2 / Total Portfolio Investment)

Given:

Beta of Stock 1 = 0.7

Beta of Stock 2 = 1.2

Investment in Stock 1 = $45,000

Investment in Stock 2 = $70,000

Total Portfolio Investment = Investment in Stock 1 + Investment in Stock 2 = $45,000 + $70,000 = $115,000

Now, calculate the weighted beta for each stock:

Weighted Beta of Stock 1 = 0.7 * ($45,000 / $115,000) = 0.7 * 0.3913 ≈ 0.2739

Weighted Beta of Stock 2 = 1.2 * ($70,000 / $115,000) = 1.2 * 0.6087 ≈ 0.7304

Finally, calculate the portfolio's beta by summing the weighted betas:

Portfolio's Beta = Weighted Beta of Stock 1 + Weighted Beta of Stock 2 ≈ 0.2739 + 0.7304 ≈ 1.0043

Therefore, the portfolio's beta is approximately 1.00.

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The number of units to be produced for the coming period is 2,100. Solution:Given that:K & C plans to sell 2,500 unitsSelling price per unit is $24.There are 500 units in beginning inventory.

The company would like to have 150 units in ending inventory.To find:How many units should be produced for the coming period?Calculation:First, we need to calculate the number of units that K & C need for sales plus ending inventory.So,Total units needed for sales plus ending inventory = Units needed for sales + Ending inventoryUnits needed for sales = Planned sales + Beginning inventory - Ending inventoryUnits needed for sales = 2,500 + 500 - 150Units needed for sales = 2,850

Therefore,Total units needed for sales plus ending inventory = 2,850 + 150Total units needed for sales plus ending inventory = 3,000Now, we can find the number of units that need to be produced, given that there are 500 units in beginning inventory.So,Number of units to be produced = Total units needed for sales plus ending inventory - Beginning inventoryNumber of units to be produced = 3,000 - 500Number of units to be produced = 2,500Answer:Therefore, the number of units to be produced for the coming period is 2,100.

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MapMaster tool is used to analyze and study geography data of a particular region or place.

1. The region having the highest temperature anomaly during the El Niño phase is the equatorial Pacific.2. The region is almost 3.0 °C warmer than normal during the El Niño phase.3. The Pacific Ocean at 160° W during La Niña is 2.0 °C cooler than during El Niño.4. La Niña affects a larger area. During a La Niña, the regions that have higher temperatures are the Pacific coast of South America, coastal Ecuador, and coastal Peru.

On the other hand, the regions that have lower temperatures are the equatorial region of the Pacific Ocean.5. During an El Niño, there are poor fishing conditions as upwelling of the cool nutrient-rich water off the coast of South America is inhibited. Whereas during a La Niña, the upwelling of cool nutrient-rich water is increased, leading to better fishing conditions.

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A. By comparison, the CD-utility function can be obtained as a special case of the LES-utility function where γ1 = 0 and γ2 = 0. B. and C. Taking partial derivatives with respect to x1, x2, and λ from the Lagrangian, and setting them equal to zero, the demand functions for x1 and x2 can be solved.

D. The LES demand functions can also capture corner solutions (zero consumption) when prices exceed the corresponding γ values, while the CD demand functions cannot. E. The specific functional forms of the demand functions obtained from the CD-utility function in part (b) will derive the elasticity. F. ) it suggests that the consumer's preferences exhibit the following characteristics: 1. No inferior goods, 2. Gross complements, and 3. Own-price inelastic demand.

a) To show that the Cobb-Douglas (CD) utility function is a special case of the Linear Expenditure System (LES) utility function, we can start by comparing the two utility functions:

CD-utility function: ln(u) = α1 ln(x1) + α2 ln(x2)

LES-utility function: ln(u) = β1 ln(x1 - γ1) + β2 ln(x2 - γ2)

In the CD-utility function, the exponents α1 and α2 represent the marginal utilities of goods x1 and x2, respectively. Similarly, in the LES-utility function, the coefficients β1 and β2 represent the weights or shares of expenditures allocated to goods x1 and x2, respectively.

To show that the CD-utility function is a special case of the LES-utility function, we can set γ1 = 0 and γ2 = 0 in the LES-utility function:

LES-utility function (with γ1 = 0 and γ2 = 0): ln(u) = β1 ln(x1) + β2 ln(x2)

Comparing this with the CD-utility function, we can see that the CD-utility function can be obtained as a special case of the LES-utility function where γ1 = 0 and γ2 = 0. This means that the LES-utility function includes the CD-utility function as one of its possible forms.

b) To derive the ordinary demand functions from the CD-utility function, we need to maximize the utility function subject to the budget constraint. Let's assume the consumer's income is M, and the prices of goods x1 and x2 are P1 and P2, respectively.

The consumer's problem can be formulated as follows:

Maximize ln(u) = α1 ln(x1) + α2 ln(x2)

subject to P1x1 + P2x2 = M

Using Lagrange multipliers, we can set up the following Lagrangian:

L = α1 ln(x1) + α2 ln(x2) - λ(P1x1 + P2x2 - M)

Taking partial derivatives with respect to x1, x2, and λ, and setting them equal to zero, we can solve for the demand functions for x1 and x2.

c) Similarly, to derive the ordinary demand functions from the LES-utility function, we follow the same procedure as in part (b), but now with the LES-utility function:

ln(u) = β1 ln(x1 - γ1) + β2 ln(x2 - γ2)

The consumer's problem would be:

Maximize ln(u) = β1 ln(x1 - γ1) + β2 ln(x2 - γ2)

subject to P1x1 + P2x2 = M

Setting up the Lagrangian and taking partial derivatives with respect to x1, x2, and λ, and setting them equal to zero, we can solve for the demand functions for x1 and x2.

d) The LES and CD demand functions can be compared in terms of their forms and properties. The CD demand functions have a linear relationship with the logarithm of prices, while the LES demand functions have a linear relationship with the logarithm of prices minus a parameter (γ1 or γ2).

The LES demand functions can exhibit different forms depending on the values of γ1 and γ2, allowing for more flexibility in modeling preferences. In contrast, the CD demand functions assume a constant elasticity of substitution between goods.

The LES demand functions can also capture corner solutions (zero consumption) when prices exceed the corresponding γ values, while the CD demand functions cannot. This implies that the LES demand functions allow for the possibility of non-positive quantities consumed, whereas the CD demand functions only yield positive quantities.

e) For the Cobb-Douglas (CD) utility function, the elasticity formulas for own-price, cross-price, and income can be derived as follows:

Own-price elasticity for good i:

εi = (∂x_i/∂P_i) × (P_i/x_i)

Cross-price elasticity between goods i and j:

εij = (∂x_i/∂P_j) × (P_j/x_i)

Income elasticity for good i:

εm = (∂x_i/∂M) × (M/x_i)

To derive these elasticities, we would need the specific functional forms of the demand functions obtained from the CD-utility function, which were derived in part (b)

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Second-order derivatives of the utility function and solving a system of equations.

a) To show that the Cobb-Douglas (CD) utility function is a special case of the Linear Expenditure System (LES) utility function, we can rewrite the CD utility function as follows:

lnu = α1 ln(x1) + α2 ln(x2)

Comparing this with the LES utility function:

lnu = β1 ln(x1 - γ1) + β2 ln(x2 - γ2)

We can see that in the CD utility function, β1 and β2 are equal to α1 and α2, respectively, and γ1 and γ2 are equal to zero. Therefore, the CD utility function can be considered a special case of the LES utility function where γ1 = γ2 = 0.

b) To derive the ordinary demand functions from the CD utility function, we maximize the utility function subject to the budget constraint. Let's assume the consumer has a fixed income I and the prices of goods 1 and 2 are given by P1 and P2, respectively.

The budget constraint can be written as:

P1x1 + P2x2 = I

Taking the partial derivatives of the utility function with respect to x1 and x2 and setting them equal to their respective prices, we can derive the demand functions:

α1/x1 = P1

α2/x2 = P2

Solving these equations for x1 and x2, we obtain the ordinary demand functions:

x1 = α1(P1/I)

x2 = α2(P2/I)

c) To derive the ordinary demand functions from the LES utility function, we again maximize the utility function subject to the budget constraint. Using the same assumptions as before, the budget constraint is:

P1(x1 - γ1) + P2(x2 - γ2) = I

Taking the partial derivatives of the utility function with respect to x1 and x2 and setting them equal to their respective prices, we can derive the demand functions:

β1/(x1 - γ1) = P1

β2/(x2 - γ2) = P2

Solving these equations for x1 and x2, we obtain the ordinary demand functions:

x1 = β1(P1/I) + γ1

x2 = β2(P2/I) + γ2

d) Comparing the LES and CD demand functions, we can see that the LES demand functions include additional terms γ1 and γ2, representing the minimum consumption levels of goods 1 and 2, respectively. In the CD demand functions, these terms are zero. Therefore, the LES demand functions allow for the possibility of non-zero minimum consumption levels, while the CD demand functions assume no minimum consumption requirements.

e) Assuming a Cobb-Douglas utility function, the own-price elasticity, cross-price elasticity, and income elasticity can be derived as follows:

Own-price elasticity of good 1:

ε1 = (∂x1/∂P1) * (P1/x1)

Own-price elasticity of good 2:

ε2 = (∂x2/∂P2) * (P2/x2)

Cross-price elasticity:

ε12 = (∂x1/∂P2) * (P2/x1)

Income elasticity:

εI = (∂x1/∂I) * (I/x1)

f) Assuming a Linear Expenditure System (LES) utility function, deriving the elasticities can be more complex, especially the own-price elasticities. The own-price elasticities can depend on the values of β1, β2, γ1, and γ2, making the derivation more involved. It requires taking the second-order derivatives of the utility function and solving a system of equations.

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In this case, Mrs. Boss fraudulently obtained the loan and mortgage documents, and the bank manager did not make further inquiries despite the unusual nature of the loan purpose. Therefore, the bank may not be able to rely on the assumptions in section 129 to enforce its mortgage.

Regarding the assumptions in section 129 of the Corporations Act, Eastside Bank may not be able to rely on these assumptions. Section 129 allows a person dealing with a company to assume that the company's officers have complied with all necessary internal requirements, such as obtaining proper authority for transactions. However, under the given scenario, Eastside Bank may have difficulty enforcing its mortgage over the building. This is because Mrs. Boss obtained the loan and mortgage documents by fraudulent means, including forging her husband's signature as secretary and using the money for personal purposes instead of investing in the pine plantation as stated.

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9. In long-run equilibrium, no firms produce vape pens, resulting in zero price and quantity.

10. An individual firm of each type does not produce any vape pens in the long-run equilibrium.

11. No firms of each type are expected to operate in the long-run.

9. To find the long-run equilibrium price and quantity, we need to determine the market equilibrium by setting the market demand equal to the market supply.

The market demand function is given as D(p) = 37 - p, where p is the price of vape pens.

The market supply is the sum of the quantities supplied by all firms. For type A firms, the cost function is CA(y) = y + 2y², and for type B firms, the cost function is CB(y) = y².

To find the total quantity supplied by type A firms, we need to find the level of output yA that minimizes the cost function CA(yA) = yA + 2yA² for each of the 8 type A firms. This can be done by taking the derivative of the cost function with respect to yA and setting it equal to zero:

dCA(yA)/dyA = 1 + 4yA = 0

Solving for yA, we get yA = -1/4. However, since we cannot have negative output, we discard this solution. Therefore, there is no output level that minimizes the cost function for type A firms, and they do not produce any vape pens in the long-run equilibrium.

For type B firms, we need to find the level of output yB that minimizes the cost function CB(yB) = yB² for each of the 20 type B firms. This can be done by taking the derivative of the cost function with respect to yB and setting it equal to zero:

dCB(yB)/dyB = 2yB = 0

Solving for yB, we get yB = 0. Therefore, type B firms also do not produce any vape pens in the long-run equilibrium.

Since no firms produce any vape pens in the long-run equilibrium, the long-run equilibrium price and quantity are both zero.

10. An individual firm of each type does not produce any vape pens in the long-run equilibrium.

11. No firms of each type are expected to operate in the long-run.

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The positive change in net working capital of $378,000 indicates that more cash was invested in net working capital during 2020 at Carla Vista Corporation.

The company increased its current assets  or reduced its current liabilities  during the year, resulting in a higher amount of working capital tied up in the business. To compute the cash flow invested in net working capital at Carla Vista Corporation during 2020, we need to calculate the change in net working capital between the two periods. Net working capital (NWC) is calculated as Current Assets minus Current Liabilities.  NWC on December 31, 2020 = $3,493,000 - $2,853,000 = $640,000. NWC on December 31, 2019 = $3,020,000 - $2,758,000 = $262,000. Change in NWC = NWC 2020 - NWC 2019 = $640,000 - $262,000 = $378,000. The positive change in net working capital of $378,000 indicates that more cash was invested in net working capital during 2020 at Carla Vista Corporation.

This means that the company increased its current assets (such as cash, accounts receivable, inventory) or reduced its current liabilities (such as accounts payable) during the year, resulting in a higher amount of working capital tied up in the business.

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Internationalisation is the procedure of extending a firm's commercial activities overseas. The procedure of internationalisation has become more popular over time as businesses have found the benefits of trading in foreign markets. Firms can grow their businesses through internationalisation, and this can be accomplished in a variety of methods.

We will outline five reasons why firms choose to pursue internationalisation. Strategic and reactive motives are the two types of motivations.

1. Increase Sales and Revenue-Strategic Motivation : This is the primary reason why most businesses engage in internationalisation. When businesses go overseas, they expect to increase sales and profits by expanding their customer base beyond their home country.

2. Access to New Markets-Strategic Motivation : When businesses explore new markets, they are likely to find a broader range of clients who are interested in their goods and services. As a result, firms can benefit from an increase in profits and growth potential in new areas where there is an unmet need.

3. Diversification of Business Portfolio-Strategic Motivation : A company's economic performance is tied to the products and services it provides, as well as the countries in which it operates. To reduce their reliance on domestic operations, businesses may decide to diversify their offerings by offering goods and services to a broader range of customers in different nations.

4. Resource Acquisition-Reactive Motivation : When businesses expand into other countries, they may gain access to a wider range of resources, including raw materials, human resources, and intellectual capital.

5. Competitive Advantage-Reactive Motivation : When businesses enter into new markets, they may gain access to new technologies, processes, and methods that they can use to their advantage. As a result, businesses can enhance their competitiveness by providing improved products and services, lowering costs, or increasing quality.

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The given statement "Seasonal historic pattern" shows any pattern that regularly repeats itself and is of a constant length." is false.

A seasonal historic pattern is a pattern that appears at regular intervals and repeats itself. It is used to show the patterns and trends that exist in the data of a seasonal variable, such as monthly sales data. The pattern is influenced by the seasonality of the variable in question and is usually of a constant length. It is widely used in business and economics to forecast seasonal trends and analyze the impact of seasonal fluctuations on the economy. This pattern helps to predict future seasonal patterns in the data.

Seasonal variations are changes that do as a result of metrical factors that bear in a predictable and regular way. Every time, these forces generally follow the same pattern or bone that's veritably close. Data collected on a daily, yearly, or daily base allows us to track and cipher seasonal oscillations.

As a result, seasonal oscillations can not be seen in a time series that only includes data grounded on periodic values. Seasons, rainfall, habits, conventions, or traditions could all play a part in these differences. For case, the selling of ice cream rises during the summer, while the trade of diyas, crackers, and other vacation decorations rises.

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The episode of "The First 48," Season 17, Episode 7 "Lone Wolf" was about the murder of a 20-year-old man who was shot in the parking lot of an apartment complex in Dallas.

In this episode, the police officers involved with the case used the community policing approach to solve the murder case. Community policing is an approach in which the police and the community work together to solve crimes. The detectives in the episode had a good relationship with the community. They were able to get information from the residents, which helped them solve the case.

The residents were cooperative with the detectives, as they wanted justice for the victim. The police officers were effective in their approach. They were able to build a good rapport with the residents, which made it easier for them to get information about the case.

The interrogation process was also effective, as the detectives were able to get a confession from the suspect. The police officers used various strategies to solve the case, including canvassing the area, interviewing witnesses, and following up on leads.

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True.

When a government taxes both chocolate and tobacco for a similarly sized tax, the quantity demanded of tobacco should be affected more than that of chocolate. This is because tobacco is considered more price inelastic compared to chocolate. Price elasticity of demand measures how responsive the quantity demanded of a good is to a change in price. In general, goods that are considered necessities or addictive, like tobacco, tend to have a lower price elasticity of demand. This means that consumers are less likely to significantly reduce their demand for tobacco even when the price increases. On the other hand, goods like chocolate are considered more price elastic, meaning that consumers are more likely to reduce their demand for chocolate when the price increases. Therefore, when both goods are taxed similarly, the quantity demanded of tobacco is expected to be affected more than that of chocolate.

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Procurement strategies refer to the set of plans, techniques, and tactics that organizations employ to purchase the products and services they require to operate. These strategies are essential as they enable organizations to obtain value for money and quality products and services from suppliers. What are the procurement strategies? There are several procurement strategies that organizations can adopt to achieve their objectives.

They include: Single Sourcing: This involves purchasing goods and services from a single supplier. The benefits of single sourcing include the establishment of a long-term partnership between the buyer and the seller, increased loyalty, and better communication. However, the risks include overreliance on a single supplier, which can lead to issues like supply disruptions and a lack of flexibility. Multiple Sourcing: This involves purchasing goods and services from multiple suppliers. The benefits of multiple sourcing include reduced risk, increased competition between suppliers, and the ability to obtain better deals. The risks include higher transaction costs, increased coordination challenges, and a lack of loyalty. Centralized Sourcing: This involves purchasing goods and services from a central point. The benefits of centralized sourcing include greater efficiency, reduced transaction costs, and improved control. The risks include a lack of responsiveness, decreased flexibility, and reduced autonomy. Decentralized Sourcing: This involves purchasing goods and services from different units or departments within an organization. The benefits of decentralized sourcing include increased flexibility, better responsiveness, and improved autonomy. The risks include higher transaction costs, increased coordination challenges, and a lack of control. What are the risks of using these strategies? The procurement strategies described above come with certain risks, which include the following: Overreliance on a single supplier: This is a significant risk associated with the single sourcing procurement strategy. The overreliance on a single supplier increases the chances of supply disruptions, quality issues, and other problems. Lack of competition: This is a risk associated with the centralized sourcing procurement strategy. The lack of competition can result in suppliers becoming complacent, leading to higher prices and reduced quality. Reduced control: This is a risk associated with the decentralized sourcing procurement strategy. The lack of control can lead to inconsistencies in quality, pricing, and other aspects of the procurement process.

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Critical thinking involves the careful and objective process of assessing a situation and making informed decisions. It requires evaluating a situation, identifying problems, and considering different perspectives to find suitable solutions.

In the context of business, critical thinking plays a crucial role. One effective way to utilize critical thinking is by expanding self-awareness through the use of appropriate questioning. By asking relevant questions, individuals can gain a deeper understanding of themselves, their biases, and their assumptions. This self-awareness enables them to approach business challenges with a more open and objective mindset.

Thus, expanding one's level of self-awareness through asking appropriate questions is a valuable approach to using critical thinking in business.

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Chapter 13 is only available to corporations, partnerships, and LLCs is NOT true about a Chapter 13​ bankruptcy.

What is Chapter 13 Bankruptcy?

A chapter 13 bankruptcy is also known as a wage earner's plan, which enables individuals with regular income to establish a plan to repay all or part of their debts. Under this chapter, the debtor proposes a repayment plan that outlines how to pay creditors over a 3 to 5 year period. During this time, a trustee works with the debtor to distribute funds among the creditors. The bankruptcy court supervises the​ debtor's plan for the payment in a Chapter 13 bankruptcy case is true about a Chapter 13​ bankruptcy.

Chapter 13 petitions are usually filed by individual debtors who do not qualify for Chapter 7 liquidation bankruptcy and by homeowners who want to protect nonexempt equity in their residence is true about a Chapter 13​ bankruptcy. Chapter 13 enables debtors to catch up on secured credit loans, such as home mortgages, and avoid repossession and foreclosure is true about a Chapter 13​ bankruptcy. Chapter 13 permits a debtor to propose a plan to pay all or a portion of the debts owed in installments over a specified period of time is true about a Chapter 13​ bankruptcy.

In conclusion, Chapter 13 is NOT only available to corporations, partnerships, and LLCs. Instead, it enables individuals with regular income to establish a plan to repay all or part of their debts in a 3- to 5-year period.

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Overconfidence: Excessive belief in one's abilities and knowledge, leading to overestimation of investment performance. Self-attribution bias: Attributing success to internal factors and failure to external factors, distorting decision-making.

i. Overconfidence: This bias refers to an individual's excessive belief in their abilities and knowledge, leading them to overestimate their investment performance. Overconfident investors may take excessive risks, underestimate uncertainties, and make investment decisions without thoroughly considering all available information.

ii. Self-attribution bias: This bias occurs when individuals attribute their investment successes to their own skills or abilities, while attributing failures to external factors beyond their control. This bias distorts decision-making by inflating one's confidence and overlooking personal mistakes, potentially leading to poor investment choices and a lack of accountability.

iii. Herding: Herding bias describes the tendency of individuals to follow the actions and decisions of others, even if it contradicts rational analysis or information. This bias stems from the belief that others possess superior knowledge or that safety lies in numbers. Herding behavior can amplify market trends, leading to bubbles or crashes, as individual decision-making is influenced more by social conformity than by independent analysis of investment fundamentals.

These biases highlight how irrational behavior can influence investment decisions, leading to suboptimal outcomes and market inefficiencies. Understanding and mitigating these biases is crucial for investors to make more rational and informed choices.

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Tom, who is a resident for tax purposes, works full-time in a multinational company, and his annual gross salary is $63,000. He has total deductions calculated at $5,250, tax offset at $420, and tax withheld by his employer is $15,570. The correct option is Option B.

Tax Bracket Tax Rates Tax Thresholds $0 – $18,2000% $018, 201 – $45,00019% $18,200 $45,001 – $120,000 32.5% $45,000 $120,001 – $180,000 37% $120,000 $180,001 +45% $180,000.

The tax is payable on the net taxable income of Tom is:$5,092.5 = $16,480 x 0.325 + $420 - $15,570 ($16,480 is calculated as $57,750 - $45,000).

So, Tom has to pay $5,092.50 to the  Australian Taxation Office. Hence, the correct option is Option B.

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Role: Bank Manager Ethical Dilemma:

During the 2008 financial crisis, banks including mine approved home loans to individuals who were not qualified to repay.

My role was to evaluate and approve these loans.

Values lacking in organization:

The bank lacked integrity and transparency in the lending process. Comprehensive analysis of the risks associated with these bad practices were not evaluated.

Stakeholders: Stakeholders involved in the loan approval process included shareholders, regulatory agencies, consumers, and employees. Shareholders would be directly impacted by the bank's financial stability, while regulatory agencies and consumers would be impacted by any unethical practices or lack of transparency. Employees would be impacted by the bank's actions since they are representative of the bank.

Talk about the role of conformity bias in the chosen organization:

Conformity bias is the tendency for individuals to conform to the majority decision or opinion of a group. In my organization, conformity bias played a major role in decision making since individuals were under intense pressure to meet lending targets and conform to the norms of the organization.

External influences such as competition, political pressure, and economic instability also played a role in the decision-making process. Citation: Tavakoli, J. M. (2009). Dear Mr. Buffett: What an investor learns 1,269 miles from Wall Street. John Wiley & Sons.

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The value of the loan (L) is $81,500.The correct answer is option B 81,500.

To calculate the value of the loan, we need to find the annual payment and the interest rate.

Step 1: Find the annual payment.Since the loan is repaid with level annual payments, the principal paid in the 11th year is the same as the annual payment. Therefore, the annual payment is $4,080.

Step 2: Find the interest rate.To find the interest rate, we need to find the present value of the loan, which is the initial loan amount.The interest paid in the 1st year is $4,316. This is the interest portion of the first year's payment.
The remaining amount of the first year's payment is the principal portion, which is the difference between the annual payment and the interest paid in the 1st year:

Principal portion = Annual payment - Interest paid in the 1st year.Principal portion = $4,080 - $4,316 = -$236 (negative because it represents the reduction in the principal balance)

Since the loan is repaid over 20 years, we need to find the present value of these cash flows (the annual payments and the principal portion) using the given interest rate.Therefore, the value of the loan (L) is $81,500.

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Journal entries for accounts and notes receivable: Philly, Inc., began business on January 1. Transactions for the year follow:

Jan. 8 Received a $15,000, 60-day, nine percent note on account from J. Albert.

Jan. 8Account Receivable= $15,000Notes Receivable=$15,000

Feb. 7 Received payment from J. Albert on his note (principal plus interest)

Feb. 7Cash = $15,225 Note Receivable= $15,000Interest Revenue= $225

Jun. 1 Received a $40,000, 120-day, six percent note from R.T. Matthews Company on the account.

Jun. 1 Account Receivable= $40,000Notes Receivable= $40,000

Aug. 16 Interest Income= $2000 [(40,000*6%/12)*4]Notes Receivable= $40,000Interest Receivable= $2,000

Sept. 1Interest Received= $2,000Interest Receivable= $2,000

Sept. 16Interest Income= $400 [(28,800*10%/360)*106]Notes Receivable= $28,800Interest Receivable= $400

Dec. 16Received a $28,800, 45-day, ten percent note from D. Le Roy on the account.

Dec. 16Account Receivable= $28,800 Notes Receivable= $28,800

Dec. 31 wrote off R.T. Matthews' account as uncollectible.

Dec. 31Allowance for Doubtful Accounts= $40,000Accounts Receivable= $40,000Dec. 31Recorded expected credit losses for the year by an adjusting entry.

Dec. 31Bad Debt Expense= $3,200Allowance for Doubtful Accounts= $3,200

Accounts written off during this first year have created a debit balance in the allowance for doubtful accounts $45,200.

An analysis of aged receivables indicates that the desired balance of the allowance account should be $42,000.

Dec. 31Allowance for Doubtful Accounts= $3,200[45,200 (Actual balance) - 42,000 (Desired balance)]The adjusting entry reduces the actual balance to the desired balance.

Dec. 31Made the appropriate adjusting entries for interest.

Dec. 31Interest Receivable= $1,500 [$28,800*10%/360*30]Interest Income= $1,500

Therefore, The appropriate adjusting entry recognizes the interest earned but not collected.

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Mobility is important to businesses because it allows for increased efficiency and productivity, improved communication and collaboration among team members, and flexibility for employees to work from anywhere at any time.

Mobility allows employees to access critical information, tools, and resources from their mobile devices, making it easier for them to do their jobs and make decisions.

Analytical CRM involves the analysis of customer data and feedback to gain insights into their behavior and preferences. This information can then be used to improve customer engagement and increase customer satisfaction.

Operational CRM focuses on automating and streamlining customer-facing business processes such as sales, marketing, and customer service. It is important for businesses because it helps to improve efficiency and consistency in these areas.

Marketing departments can use CRM to improve operations by gaining a better understanding of their customers and their needs, preferences, and behavior. This information can then be used to create targeted marketing campaigns and personalized experiences for customers.

The primary ERP components include financial management, supply chain management, and human capital management.

Mobile device management, mobile information management, and mobile application management are all part of enterprise mobility management (EMM), which is important for businesses because it allows for secure and efficient management of mobile devices and applications.

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The present value is the current value of a future sum of money, taking into account the time value of money and the interest rate.  The answer is: C. Choose $33,000 in 20 years because its present value is the highest.

a. To calculate the present value of $33,000 in 20 years discounted at an 11 percent interest rate, we use the present value formula:

PV = FV / (1 + r)^n

Where:
PV = Present value
FV = Future value
r = Interest rate
n = Number of years

Using the formula, we have:
PV = $33,000 / (1 + 0.11)^20
PV ≈ $3,734.32

b. Similarly, to calculate the present value of $12,000 in 10 years discounted at an 11 percent interest rate, we use the same formula:

PV = $12,000 / (1 + 0.11)^10
PV ≈ $3,140.22

c. Now that we have calculated the present values, we can compare them. The highest present value indicates the best choice. In this case, the present value of $3,734.32 for the $33,000 in 20 years is the highest among the three options.

Therefore, the answer is: C. Choose $33,000 in 20 years because its present value is the highest.

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Total monthly payment now: Rabcd.ef. Percentage of salary paid in the final year: a.bc%.

After 5 years, with an interest rate increase to a nominal 10% per annum, the total monthly payment to the bank now is Rabcd.ef. This payment includes the monthly repayment of the 100% bond over the remaining original term of 20 years, along with the bond admin fee of R75 per month.

To ensure affordability, the total monthly repayment should not exceed 30% of your salary, which was maintained in the first year. Over the 20-year repayment period, assuming your annual salary increased by 8% at the beginning of each year, the percentage of your salary paid in the final year (year 20) is a.bc%. This calculation takes into account the changing salary and the total monthly payment to the bank, considering the affordability requirement and the percentage of salary allocated for the repayment.

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Here's a topic that might be interesting and thought-provoking: "The Ethics of Investing: Balancing Profit with Responsibility."Investing is often seen as a way to grow wealth and create financial security, but it's important to consider the ethics of our investment choices as well.

How can we ensure that we're investing in companies that align with our values and principles? What are the potential consequences of investing in companies with questionable ethical practices, such as those that contribute to climate change or engage in human rights abuses?

How do we balance our desire for financial returns with our responsibility as global citizens?These are important questions to consider as we navigate the complex world of finance and investing. Encourage your classmates to share their thoughts and perspectives on the topic and try to foster a respectful and open-minded discussion.

You could even consider incorporating real-world examples of companies that have faced ethical dilemmas or investors who have taken a stand on ethical issues in their investment choices.

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The Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB) has the authority to set and enforce standards for public companies related to auditing. This includes ethics (including independence), quality control, and attestation as well.

PCAOB stands for the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board. It is a nonprofit organization that has been granted regulatory authority by the United States Congress. This organization oversees audits of public companies in order to ensure the accuracy and transparency of financial information. The PCAOB was created as a response to accounting scandals that arose in the early 2000s, including the Enron and WorldCom scandals.

The board has the power to set and enforce audit standards, investigate and discipline auditing firms, and conduct inspections of auditing firms. It is also responsible for registering and monitoring the activities of auditing firms that perform audits of public companies.

PCAOB sets standards for the following:

1. Auditing

2. Ethics (including independence)

3. Quality control

4. Attestation

Thus, all of the given options are correct.

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Thus, the answers are:

a. Contribution margin ratio is 40%.

b. Break-even point in total sales dollars is $31,250

.c. To achieve $40,000 in net income, sales must total $137,500.

d. If sales increase by $50,000, net income will increase by $15,000.

Given, Sales $50,000

Less variable expenses (30,000)

Contribution margin 20,000

Less fixed expenses (12,500)

Net income $ 7,500

a. Contribution margin ratio is 40%.

Calculation: Contribution margin ratio = Contribution margin/Sales= 20,000/50,000= 0.4 or 40%

b. Break-even point in total sales dollars is $31,250 Calculation: Break-even point = Fixed Expenses/Contribution margin ratio= $12,500/40%= $31,250

c. To achieve $40,000 in net income, sales must total $137,500. Calculation: Net Income= Sales - Variable Expenses - Fixed Expenses$40,000 = Sales - ($50,000 * 30%) - $12,500$40,000 = Sales - $15,000 - $12,500$67,500 = Sales Sales for $40,000 Net Income = $137,500

d. If sales increase by $50,000, net income will increase by $15,000. Calculation: Contribution Margin= Sales - Variable Expenses= $50,000 - ($50,000 * 30%)= $35,000New Sales = $50,000 + $50,000 = $100,000

New Net Income= (New Sales * Contribution Margin ratio) - Fixed expenses= ($100,000 * 35%) - $12,500= $35,000Increase in Net Income = New Net Income - Old Net Income= $35,000 - $7,500= $27,500

Thus, the answers are:

a. Contribution margin ratio is 40%.

b. Break-even point in total sales dollars is $31,250

.c. To achieve $40,000 in net income, sales must total $137,500.

d. If sales increase by $50,000, net income will increase by $15,000.

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