The reaction supports the conservation of mass principle because the number of atoms of different elements before and after the reaction is balanced.
Law of conservation of massThe law of conservation of mass states that mass can neither be created nor destroyed during the course of reactions. However, the mass can be converted into other forms during the course of reactions.
This law is extended to atoms and matters as well.
Thus, when you consider the equation highlighted:
[tex]2C + O_2 --- > 2CO[/tex]
One can see that there are 2 carbon atoms before and after the reaction. Also, there are 2 oxygen atoms before and after the reaction.
Thus, the equation is a balanced equation and a balanced reaction supports the law of conservation of mass, matter, or atoms.
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calculate the molar concentration for h2so4 for the following situation. when 27ml of it was completely titrated by 19ml of 0.90m koh, 1mol of acid was titrated by 2mol of base. give your answer in two significant figures.
The Molar concentration for the H2SO4 titrated against base is 8.55M.
Traditionally, a concentration method that is widely used is the molar concentration unit [mol/ L (M)]. It is the amount of target substance i.e. solute in 1 liter of solution, expressed in moles. The concentration can be calculated as shown below.(1-liter solution weight) x (purity) molecular weight [Specific gravity of solution (g/mL) times 1,000 (mL) times purity (w/w percent) /100 Molecular weight]This calculation, can be used to carry out a variety of calculations for creating molar solutions when working with solid materials. It is designed for use in both the teaching and research labs. For instance, the mass of the chemical required to create a solution can be calculated using the solute concentration, desired solution volume, and the chemical's known molecular weight. As opposed to this, if the desired concentration is known, but only a small amount (i.e. e. When a very small amount (e.g., mass) of the chemical is purchased, e.g. g. , 10 mg), then the total volume of solution required to dissolve the solid material to reach the desired final concentration can be calculated.Molar concentration=MV=0.90 x 19=17.1
Titrated against 2 mol base so dividing the molar concentration with 2 and finally getting required result.
New molar concentration=17.1/2=8.55M
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Calculate the amount of heat needed to melt 199. g of solid ethanol (CH3CH2OH) and bring it to a temperature of significant digits. Also, be sure your answer contains a unit symbol.
86,472.46 J
The heat required to melt ethanol can be calculated using the formula:
heat = mass × heat of fusion
After plugging in the values it looks like this:
Heat = 199 g × 109.1 J/g
= 21489.9
In order to heat the molten ethanol to a higher temperature, the heat capacity of ethanol must also be considered. The heat capacity of ethanol is 2.44 J/g × degree Celsius. To bring the molten ethanol to a sufficient temperature, we need to know the desired final temperature and the initial temperature (the melting point of ethanol, -114.1 degrees Celsius). Let's say the desired final temperature is 25 degrees Celsius.
The heat required to raise the temperature of molten ethanol can be calculated using the formula:
heat = mass × heat capacity × (final temperature - initial temperature)
After plugging in the values it looks like this:
Heat = 199 g × 2.44 J/g degrees Celsius × (25 degrees - (-114.1 degrees))
= 199 g × 2.44 J/g degrees Celsius × 139.1 degrees
= 64982.56 J
add 21489.9 J + 64982.56 J = 86,472.46 J
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Match each agent of mechanical weathering to its picture.
Freezing and Thawing
Animal Actions
Plant Growth
Abrasion
Release of Pressure
Water, ice, acids, salts, plants, animals, and temperature fluctuations are all mechanical weathering agents. Erosion is the process by which the broken pieces of rock and mineral are moved away after a rock has been cracked.
Is mechanical weathering influenced by freezing and thawing?Rocks that have holes or are porous (have holes) experience freeze-thaw weathering (allows water to pass through). In this case, mechanical weathering is evident. Different fissures in the rock allow water to enter (from rain, melting snow, or ice).
What is weathering with pressure release?Weathering that releases pressure. Definition. expansion associated with the release of confining pressure when deeply buried rock is unroofed, leading to the development of fractures near the surface of solid rock. Typically, fractures spread along surfaces parallel to and near the surface.
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Identify the subshell in which electrons with the following quantum numbers are found: a. n = 3, l = 2 b. n = 1, l = 0 c. n = 4, l = 3 d. l = 3
Answer: a. n = 3, l = 2: The subshell in which electrons with these quantum numbers are found is the d subshell.
b. n = 1, l = 0: The subshell in which electrons with these quantum numbers are found is the s subshell.
c. n = 4, l = 3: The subshell in which electrons with these quantum numbers are found is the f subshell.
d. l = 3: It is not possible to determine the subshell in which electrons with this quantum number are found, as the principal quantum number "n" is not specified. The angular momentum quantum number "l" only specifies the shape of the orbital, not the energy level or subshell.
Explanation:
Considering only ions with charges of +1, +2, -1 and -2, or neutral atoms, give the symbols for 4 species that are isoelectronic with the telluride ion, Te2-.
Since chlorine only has 17 electrons, the atoms 1+ and 2+ require argon & potassium, that have 18 and 19 electrons, respectively. We require the atoms S- & P-2, which have 16 & 15 electrons respectively, for 1 and 2.
What is the charge?When the number of protons within the nucleus is different from the amount of electrons around that nucleus, an electrical charge is created in the atom of matter. A negative charge is present in an atom if it contains more electrons than protons. A positive charge is present in an atom if there are more protons than electrons.
What is the name of the SI unit of charge?Ampere-second or Coulomb are the SI units for measuring charge.
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What is the concentration of a KOH solution prepared by diluting 25.0 mL of a 6.0 M stock solution to a final volume of 1.00 L?
The concentration of the KOH= 0.15M.
What is concentration?
The concentration of a substance, such as salt, in a particular volume of tissue or liquid, such as blood. The substance concentrates when there is less water present.
What is stock solution?
A solution that has been diluted to a lower concentration and will be used. The default strategy could be used independently or as a component of a more complex solution. A working solution is the option we ultimately settle on.
M stock V stock = M dilute V dilute
25ml* 6M = M* 1L * 1000ML/1L
25Ml*6M/1000Ml = M
M dilute = 0.15M
Concentration of KOH = 0.15M
Therefore, the concentration of the KOH= 0.15M.
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in vitro and in vivo inhibition of the mycobacterium tuberculosis phosphopantetheinyl transferase pptt by amidinoureas.
The important enzyme phosphopantetheinyl transferase, crucial for the manufacture of cellular lipids and virulence factors in Mycobacterium TB, has recently been verified as a target for the treatment of tuberculosis.
Amidinourea (AU), a recently discovered inhibitor, was investigated in terms of the structure-activity connections, with an emphasis on the biochemical potency, identification of active molecules' whole-cell on-target activity, and profiling of specific active congeners. The TB-causing Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) has a complicated cell wall that makes it difficult for potential antibiotic molecules to penetrate it. But there are lots of potential pharmacological targets in the biological processes that produce the cell wall. Mycolic acids are lipids that are typically present in the cell walls of mycobacteria. Delamanid and pretomanid, two TB medications developed since 2012, block the formation of mycolic acids, albeit it is unclear exactly how they work.
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A group of seventh grade scientists students have been asked to create a dining so much key that can be used to identify the plans shown in the diagram below which of the following specifications should not be used when making this setup almost key
The specifications that would not have to be sued to make the specification would have to be: .Leaves found in deciduous forest --- Leaves found in tropical forest Option B
What is a deciduous forest?Trees that drop all of their leaves annually make up the majority of a deciduous forest. Eastern North America, western Eurasia, and northeastern Asia are the three primary locations for this kind of forest. All of these regions have a winter season and a moderate environment.
These trees' leaves fall off each fall, thus the name "deciduous," which means "falling off." Wide, flat leaves are characteristic of most broad-leaved deciduous plants. As they expand, the branches of the trees generally take on a rounded form.
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answer key
1.Circular shaped leaves --- Irregular shaped leaves
2.Leaves found in deciduous forest --- Leaves found in tropical forest
3.Leaves symmetrical on stem --- Leaves asymmetrical on stem
4.Leaves bunched on stem --- Single leaf on stem
In 1939, 740 migrant ship passengers were turned away from which city port, despite having immigration papers?
A. Barcelona
B. Miami
C. Berlin
D. London
In 1939, 740 migrant ship passengers were turned away from London city port, despite having immigration papers.
Why migrant ship passengers were turned away from London?In 1939, the passenger ship MS St. Louis was carrying 740 Jewish refugees who had fled Nazi-occupied Europe and were seeking asylum in the United States. The ship had been turned away from Cuba, and when it arrived in Miami, the U.S. government also refused to allow the passengers to disembark.
The ship then headed to Canada and was turned away from Montreal. Finally, it arrived in the port of London, where it was also denied permission to land. The passengers were forced to return to Europe, and many of them later died in the Holocaust. The incident is a tragic example of the difficulties faced by Jewish refugees during World War II and the lack of political will to provide them with a safe haven.
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When a base is made into an aqueous solution, it ___
The strong acid and strong base has high rate constant of dissociation. The rate constant for weak acid and base for the dissociation is low, they do not easily dissociate in water. Therefore, when a base is made into an aqueous solution, it is called alkali.
What are acid and base?Acid is a solution which releases H⁺ hydrogen ion when dissolved in water. Base releases hydroxide ion OH⁻ ion when dissolved in water.
pH is a measurement of amount of hydronium ion H₃O⁺ in a given sample. Strength of acidic nature is directly proportional to the concentration of hydronium ion. when a base is made into an aqueous solution, it is called alkali.
Therefore, when a base is made into an aqueous solution, it is called alkali.
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Which molecule has polar bonds? *
CF4
CI2
F2
H2
Answer:
The ONLY compound that has polar bonds is CF4
Explanation:
Any elements or free atoms DO NOT have any polar bonds, they only have London Dispersion Forces, which is not considered a polar force.
Only Dipole-Dipole and Hydrogen Bonds are considered to make a molecule polar. CF4 has dipole-dipole bonds (In addition to London Dispersion Forces) Making it Polar.
Cl2, F2, H2 ONLY have London dispersion which means it is not polar
Hope this helps,
The malonic ester synthesis is a method for preparing carboxylic acids from alkyl halides. For each of the following carboxylic acid products, draw the structure of the alkyl bromide that would be used in its synthesis. 1. Diethyl malonate, NaOC2H5, C2H5OH 2. NaOH, H2O 3. H3O+, heat 1. Diethyl malonate, NaOC2H5, C2H5OH 2. NaOH, H2O 3. H3O+, heat 1. Diethyl malonate, NaOC2H5, C2H5OH 2. NaOH, H2O 3. H3O+, heat
1. Diethyl malonate, NaOC2H5, C2H5OH 2. NaOH, H2O 3. H3O+, heat :
cyclopentane. 3 bromo pentane.bromo methyl benzeneThe malonic is the method of the synthesis for preparing the carboxylic acid from the alkyl halides. the alkyl halide are also called as the haloalkanes. one or more alkyl hydrogen atom are replaced by the halogen such as : fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine from the alkane compound. the halogen substituted alkanes are called as alkyl halide.
Thus, the alkyl halide form the carboxylic acids by the method of the malonic ester synthesis. the image is attached with the structure of the compounds.
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is there any difference between how warm or cold an object feels and it’s temperature
Yes there is so many difference between warm or cold an object feels and its tempreture.
What is object?An object is an abstract data by the type with the addition of polymorphism and to the inheritance. Rather than thd structure of the programs as code and data, an of the object-oriented system from its the integrates the two using the concept of an "object". An object has state by (data) and behavior (code). Objects can correspond to things found in the real world.
Yes the sense of touch by the human skin is differently
Because hot object can be the sense burn whereas cold object sense cool and shiver and it is
The hot body radiated energy and temperature in environment and become normal
But cold object absorb to the energy from the environment and become normal.
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The question that I. Need help with us in the ohoto
Answer: 13.175
Explanation:
[tex]\text{Molarity}=\frac{\text{moles of solute}}{\text{liters of solution}}[/tex]
To find the moles of solute, we begin by finding the formula mass of NaOH.
The atomic mass of Na is 23 g/mol.The atomic mass of O is 16 g/mol.The atomic mass of H is 1 g/mol.So, the atomic mass of NaOH is 40 g/mol.This means 527 grams of NaOH is equal to [tex]\frac{527}{40}=13.175[/tex] moles.
So, the molarity is [tex]\frac{13.175}{1}=13.175 \text{ M}[/tex]
When a diver swims from deep below the water's surface, up toward the surface, what happens to the pressure on their body and thus also in their blood?
The pressure stays the same
The pressure decreases
The pressure increases
Answer:
Pressure Increases With Depth The weight of the water above a diver exerts pressure on their body. The deeper a diver descends, the more water they have above them, and the more pressure it exerts on their body.
Explanation:
Multiple choice (easy)
In this reaction, CuSO₄₍s₎ + 2HI₍aq₎ are reactant . Copper sulphate present in solid state and HI is present in aqueous state. Therefore, option B is correct.
What is copper sulphate ?Copper sulfate is used in agriculture and non-agricultural settings as a fungicide, algaecide, root killer, and herbicide. It's also an antimicrobial and a molluscicide. Individual products containing copper sulfate have a wide range of applications.
Copper and sulfuric acid are the two main ingredients used to make copper sulphate, but simply adding copper to a diluted acidic solution will not promote the oxidation reaction.
When pure copper sulphate is kept in water, it begins to dissolve, and a small amount of heat energy is released during the process. Its color changes to blue as 5 molecules of water cling to it.
Thus, option B is correct.
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Answer:
reacrans
Explanation: you are correct lol
A meteorologist noticed a strong low pressure system (yellow circle in this image) moving into the state of California. What is the most likely forecast for California?
A. clear and calm
B. drought conditions with sunny skies
C. windy with rainy conditions
D. several days without rain or wind
The forecast for California would be windy with rainy conditions.
What is pressure?
Different units are used to express pressure. Some of these come from a unit of force divided by a unit of area.The SI unit of pressure, the pascal (Pa), is, for example, one newton per square meter (N/m2); similarly, the pound-force per square inch (psi) is the traditional unit of pressure in the imperial and US customary systems. Pressure may also be expressed in terms of standard atmospheric pressure; an atmosphere (atm) is equal to this pressure and a torr is defined as 1⁄760 of this. Manometric units such as centimeter of water, millimeter of mercury, and inch of mercury are used to express pressures in terms of the height of a particular fluid column in a manometer.To know more about pressure, click the link given below:
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a sample of n2o5 was placed in an evacuated container and the reaction repreented above occurred. the value of p
There are more actual collisions between the reactant particles. We anticipate that the first step is the rate-determining step if the rate law is rate=k[A][B].
[C] has no effect on the reaction rate. On the other hand, we anticipate the second step to be the rate-determining step if the rate law is rate=k[A]B]C]. The following is the empirically discovered rate rule for ozone depletion: k [O3] = rate. A mechanism must be in accordance with the rate law discovered through experiment. The number of collisions increases as the temperature rises. The frequency of reactant collisions increases as a reactant's concentration rises, which in turn accelerates the rate of the reaction.
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The central atom in the iodite ion, IO21-, is surrounded by
a. two bonding pairs and two unshared pairs of electrons.
b. three bonding pairs and one unshared pair of electrons.
c. one bonding pair and three unshared pairs of electrons.
d. two double bonds and no unshared pairs of electrons.
The central atom in the iodite ion, IO21-, is surrounded by two bonding pairs and two unshared pairs of electrons.
What is a central atom?The center atom in a molecular formula is often the atoms with the smallest subscript and the largest bonding potential. The lowest electronegative atom is normally the central atom when all the atoms typically make the same number of bonds. The main ion in K3[Fe(CN)6] is Fe3+. These central atoms & central ions serve as Lewis acids, or acceptors of a electron pair.
Why is the O atom at the center of H2O?Here, the oxygen atom at the center has undergone hybridization. So there are 3 2p orbitals and a 2s orbital when we look at the creation of the water molecule. The 4 sp3 hybrid orbitals are produced by these together.
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The question that I have is in the photo
Answer: 0.101
Explanation:
Using the fact that molarity = (moles of solute)/(liters of solution), there are [tex](0.150)(35.5/1000)=0.005325[/tex] moles of barium hydroxide.
There are 2 moles of hydroxide ions per mole of barium hydroxide, meaning that there are [tex](0.005325)(2)=0.01065[/tex] moles of hydroxide ions.
To neutralize the solution, the number of moles of hydrogen ions must be equal to the number of moles of hydroxide ions.
Since there is 1 mole of hydrogen ions per mole of nitric acid, we need 0.01065 moles of nitric acid.
Substituting into the molarity formula yields that the concentration is [tex]\frac{0.01065}{0.105}=0.101[/tex] M.
if the pressure on a gas increased then its a volume will decrease because gas molecules will pushed closer together
did the data support the hypothesis
justify your answer
If the pressure on a gas increased then its a volume will decrease because gas molecules will pushed closer together, the data support the hypothesis.
Why does the pressure of a gas increase as the volume decreases?If the volume of the gas decreases, the molecules strike the walls more frequently, raising the pressure; conversely, if the volume grows, the distance the molecules must travel to strike the walls increases, and they strike the walls less frequently, lowering the pressure.
Gases have the ability to expand to fill almost any volume and can be compressed to minuscule fractions of their original capacity. When gas molecules are forced together to the point where they meet, the material becomes liquid. Cooling a gas and compressing it are two methods for turning it into a liquid.
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The complete question is as follows:
If the pressure on a gas is increased, then its volume will decrease because the gas molecules will be pushed closer together. Did the data support the hypothesis (above)? Justify your answer. Sample Justification: As weight was added to the top of a syringe, the volume of the air trapped in the syringe decreased. The weight and the surface area of the plunger were used to calculate pressure. As more weight was added, the pressure increased. The volume decreased in response. Did you mention that adding weight increased the pressure? Did you mention that volume decreased as the pressure increased?
Choose the answer which best describes what type of solid the eiements and compounds below form, inthat order CH3OH BaBr2 diamond
a. ionic, network, molecular metalic b. network, molecular, ionic, metalic c. atomic, molecular, ionic, network d. network, molecular, ionic, metalic
e. atomic, molecular, ionic, network
The answer which best describes type of solid the elements and compounds below form, in that order Kr , CH₃OH , BaBr₂ , Diamond are : the correct option is e ) atomic , molecular , ionic , network.
The solid Kr is atomic in nature. Kr is represent the atom. The compound CH₃OH is of molecular type. the OH group is attached to the carbon atom with covalent bond. so, CH₃OH is the molecular compound. The compound BaBr₂ is the ionic compound , the bond present in the BaBr₂ is the ionic compound, that is the bond formed by the complete transfer of the electron. The diamond is the example of the network solid.
Thus, the correct option is : atomic , molecular , ionic , network.
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Suppose that 0.610 mol of methane, CH4(g), is reacted with 0.760 mol of fluorine, F2(g), forming CF4(g) and HF(g) as sole products. Assuming that the reaction occurs at constant pressure, how much heat (in kJ) is released?
The reaction occurs at constant pressure, - 385.89 kJ amount of heat is released during the reaction.
The heat released by any reaction will be calculated as:
ΔH = ΔH of products - ΔH of reactants
Given chemical reaction is:
2CH₄ + 5F₂ → 2CF₄ + 2HF
From the stoichiometry of the reaction, it is clear that,
2 moles of CH₄ = react with 5 moles of F₂
1 moles of CH₄ = react with 5/2 moles of F₂
So, 0.610 moles of CH₄ = react with 0.610×5/2=1.525 moles of F₂
Given moles of F₂ = 0.760moles, which is less as compared to the calculated moles so for this reaction F₂ is the limiting reactant.
From the stoichiometry:
5 moles of F₂ = produce 2 moles of CF₄ & HF each
0.760 moles of F₂ = produce 2/5×0.760=0. 304moles of CF₄ & HF each
From the stoichiometry of the reaction, it is also clear that 0.. 304 moles of CF₄ & HF each require 0.176 moles of CH₄.
We know that the value of heat of formation of the below molecules is as:
CF₄ = -74.8kJ/mole
HF = -271.1 kJ/mole
CF₄ = -925.0 kJ/mole
F₂ = 0
Now we put all these values on the above equation with their respective moles, and we get
ΔH = (0.176 x -271.1 kJ/mole + 0.176 x -925 kJ/mole) - (0.176 x -74.8 kJ/mole) = - 389.95 kJ
Hence, - 385.89 kJ amount of heat is released.
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Determine the direction of electron flow and label the anode and the cathode. Label each electrode as negative or positive. Drag the appropriate labels to their respective targets. Write a balanced equation for the overall reaction. Express your answer as a chemical equation. Identify all of the phases in your answer. Calculate Eocell Express your answer using three significant figures.
Previous question
The direction of electron flow from the anode and the cathode is the when the current is flow in the opposite direction.
An electrochemical cell have the a cathode and an anode. the anode one is the positively charged and the an anode one is negatively charge. so, the electron flow from the anode to the cathode that is the positively charged end to the negatively charged end and the current will flow in the opposite to direction.
The direction of the current is from the cathode to the anode. the electrochemical cell is non spontaneous and is called as electrolytic cell.
The question is incomplete, I answer the question in general according to my knowledge.
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An unknown element X has the following isotopes: 52X (90.00%
abundant, atomic mass = 52.04 amu), 4⁹X (8.00% abundant, atomic
mass = 48.99 amu), and 5ºX (2.00% abundant, atomic mass = 50.09
amu). What is the average atomic mass of X in amu?
The isotopes of element X are 52X (90.00%, atomic mass: 52.04 amu), 4⁹X (8.00% abundant, atomic mass: 48.99 amu), 5ºX (2.00% abundant, atomic mass: 50.09 amu). X has average atomic mass of 151.12 amu.
An easy definition of an isotope:Isotopes are atoms containing the same atomic mass but differing numbers of neutrons. They differ in mass, which affects their physical characteristics even if they have nearly identical chemical properties.
Why are isotopes created?High-speed particles can be fired into an atom's nucleus to achieve this. The nucleus may either absorb the electron by becoming unstable and emit one when it is struck. In either scenario, the nucleus's particle count would change, resulting in the creation of an isotope.
Briefing:
To solve a problem like this, we can multiply mass of each isotope by the percentage abundance of that isotope
Add all the amu
52.04amu + 48.99 amu + 50.09 amu= 151.12 amu.
The average atomic mass of element X is 151.12 amu.
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11) Quique mixed 100. milliliters of 1.0 M BaCl₂(aq) and 200. milliliters of 0.5 M Na2SO4(aq) in a coffee cup calorimeter at 45.0°C. The solutions reactec
BaCl₂(aq) + Na₂SO4(aq)
BaSO4(s) + 2 NaCl(aq)
During the reaction, the temperature of the water in Quique's calorimeter dropped to 15.8°C. What is the heat of this endothermic reaction?
-
A)-366 kJ/mol BaCl₂
B)-198 kl/mol BaCl₂
C) 198 kl/mol BaCl₂
D) 366 kl/mol BaCl₂
The heat of reaction per mole of BaCl₂ is 366 kJ/mol BaCl₂.
What is reaction?Reaction is a response, typically sudden, to a particular event, situation, or stimulus. It is a type of behavior that occurs as a result of an external force, such as an event, person, or object. Reactions can be physical, emotional, mental, or a combination of all three. Examples of physical reactions include facial expressions, muscle tension, and changes in heart rate and breathing.
The heat of this endothermic reaction can be calculated using the equation q=mc∆T,
where q is the heat,
m is the total mass of the solution,
c is the specific heat capacity of water, and
∆T is the change in temperature.
In this case, the total mass of the solution is 300 mL and the change in temperature is (45.0°C - 15.8°C) = 29.2°C.
The specific heat capacity of water is 4.18 J/g°C.
Therefore, the heat of the reaction is q = (300 mL)(4.18 J/g°C)(29.2°C) = 366 kJ.
Since the reaction is 1 mole of BaCl₂,
The heat of reaction per mole of BaCl₂ is 366 kJ/mol BaCl₂.
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In virtually every stable compound, each of the atoms has achieved an electron configuration analogous to that of the ______ elements.
In virtually every stable compound, each of the atoms has achieved an electron configuration analogous to that of the noble elements.
Noble elements are those which have completely filled orbits, they are highly stable compounds, they do not react under normal conditions.
All the chemical compounds and elements have tendency to be stabilized by achieving the nearest inert electronic configuration.
They are classified as non-metals and they come under p-block elements. They have a complete octet; therefore, their electronic configuration is n[tex]s^{2}[/tex]n[tex]p^{6}[/tex],Their ionization enthalpy has a very high value, but xenon can react with highly electronegative atoms like oxygen and fluorine to form corresponding xenon compounds.
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Hybridization was introduced to explain molecular structure when the valence bond theory failed to correctly predict them. It is experimentally observed that bond angles in organic compounds are close to 109°, 120°, or 180°. According to Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion (VSEPR) theory, electron pairs repel each other and the bonds and lone pairs around a central atom are generally separated by the largest possible angles.
According to VSEPR theory , bond angles in organic compounds are generally close to 109°, 120° or 180°.
Hybridization is defined as the mixing of two atomic orbitals which give rise to a new hybridized molecular orbital.
The hybrid orbitals so formed are different in energies and shapes. Equal energy atomic orbitals take part in hybridization. Since, valence bond theory failed to correctly predict the molecular structure, hybridization helps to understand the concept of bond formation, bond energies and bond lengths.
The shape of a molecule can be predicted from the electron pairs that surround the central atom by using Valence Shell Electron Pair repulsion (VSEPR) theory. This theory is based on the assumption that for a molecule to take a shape, its electronic repulsion should be minimized. That is why, according to experimental findings the angles between atoms of organic compounds are generally close to 109°, 120° or 180°.
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Arrange the following ionic compounds in order of decreasing amount of energy released in lattice formation: LiCl, CaS, GaN, and RbBr. Rank from greatest to least lattice energy. To rank items as equivalent, overlap them.
The decreasing order of lattice energy realesed is GaN>CaS>LICI>RbBr.
The lattice energy depends on the following two factors. They are product of charges of the compound and radius of the ions.
Higher the charge of ions, higher will be the lattice energy. Smaller the radius of ion, larger will be the lattice energy.
Consider the given compounds as follows: LiCl, CaS, GaN and RbBr
The charges of ions of given compounds are Li⁺, Cl⁻, Ca²⁺, S²⁻, Ga³⁺,N³, Rb⁺ and Br⁻. So, in the given compounds GaN has higher lattice energy. After GaN, CaS has higher lattice energy. Out of two compounds LiCl and RbBr, Li has less ionic well as ionic radius than Rb. Since in groups from top top to bottom atomic size increases as well as ionic radius.
Therefore, LiCl has higher lattice energy than RbBr.
Hence, the decreasing order of lattice energy realesed is GaN> CaS>LICI>RbBr
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What is the pH of a 0.380 M solution of HNO₃?
pH of the solution is the negative logarithm of its H+ ion concentration. Nitric acid solution contains equal-molar H+ and nitrate ions. The pH of 0.380 M HNO₃ solution is 0.42.
What is pH?pH of a solution is its measure of H+ ion concentration. It tells how much acidic or basic the solution is. The solution is neutral at a pH of 7 , acidic at pH below 7 and basic above 7.
Mathematically pH is the negative logarithm of H+ ion concentration. HNO₃ ionizes to equal H+ ions and NO₃ - ions. Thus, 0.380 M solution contains 0.380 M H+ ions.
pH = - log [H+]
= - log (0.380 M)
= 0.42
Therefore, the pH of the nitric acid solution is 0.42.
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