The total surplus is $0.067. Given that both the demand curve and the supply curve are straight lines, we can assume that they are linear equations.
Let's say that the demand curve is represented by the equation P = 100 - 2Q, where P is the price and Q is the quantity demanded. Similarly, let's say that the supply curve is represented by the equation P = 20 + 4Q, where P is the price and Q is the quantity supplied.
To find the equilibrium price and quantity, we need to set the two equations equal to each other and solve for Q:
100 - 2Q = 20 + 4Q
80 = 6Q
Q = 13.33
P = 100 - 2Q
P = 100 - 2(13.33)
P = 73.33
So the equilibrium price is $73.33.
The base of the triangle is the equilibrium quantity (13.33), and the height is the difference between the equilibrium price and the supply curve at that quantity:
Height = P (equilibrium) - P (supply curve at Q = 13.33)
Height = 73.33 - (20 + 4(13.33))
Height = 73.33 - 73.32
Height = 0.01
Total surplus = (base x height) / 2
Total surplus = (13.33 x 0.01) / 2
Total surplus = $0.067
1. Demand: It refers to the quantity of a good or service that consumers are willing and able to purchase at various prices during a given period of time.
2. Surplus: It occurs when the quantity supplied exceeds the quantity demanded at a given price level.
3. Equilibrium: It is the point at which the demand for a good or service is equal to the supply, resulting in a stable market price.
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you have $1,000.00 in an account that earns 8.80 pr quarterly. how much will this be worth 10 years from today?
In 10 years, the $1,000.00 in the account earning 8.80% quarterly will be worth $2,278.31. This is because the total amount of interest earned over the 10 year period will be $1,278.31.
This is calculated by taking the 8.80% quarterly rate and multiplying it by 10 years and then multiplying it by 4 quarters each year. Every quarter, the $1,000.00 will earn 8.80%, and then the interest will be added to the total amount in the account.
This process will be repeated every quarter for 10 years, resulting in the total amount of $2,278.31. This is a great way to earn passive income, as the money will be earning interest without any additional effort from the account holder.
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At what price is the yield of a 10-year, 10% bond equal to the yield of a 5-year, 4% bond whose price is $102? Both bonds pay coupons every 6 months and have a face value of $100. Please round your numerical answer to two decimal places.
To solve this problem, we need to use the formula for calculating the yield to maturity (YTM) of a bond. the price of the 10-year, 10% bond when its yield is equal to the yield of the 5-year, 4% bond at a price of $102 is $119.53.
The yield to maturity is the discount rate that makes the present value of the bond's cash flows equal to its current market price. The formula is:
[tex]P = (C / r) x [1 - 1 / (1 + r)^n] + F / (1 + r)^n[/tex]
where:
P = price of the bond
C = coupon payment
r = YTM
n = number of periods
F = face value of the bond
For the 10-year, 10% bond, we have:
P = ?
C = [tex]5[/tex]% x $[tex]100[/tex] = $[tex]10[/tex]
r = YTM
n = [tex]20[/tex] periods (10 years x 2 semi-annual periods per year)
F = $100
For the 5-year, 4% bond, we have:
P = $[tex]102[/tex]
C = [tex]2[/tex]% x $[tex]100[/tex]= $[tex]2[/tex]
r = YTM
n = [tex]10[/tex]periods (5 years x 2 semi-annual periods per year)
F = $100
We want to find the YTM of the 10-year bond when it is equal to the YTM of the 5-year bond at a price of $102. This means that:
[tex]10 / r x [1 - 1 / (1 + r)^20] + 100 / (1 + r)^20 = 2 / r x [1 - 1 / (1 + r)^10] + 100 / (1 + r)^10[/tex]
We can solve this equation numerically using a financial calculator, spreadsheet software, or an online calculator. The solution is approximately 7.41%. Therefore, the price of the 10-year, 10% bond when its YTM is equal to 7.41% is:
P = [tex]10 / 0.0741 x [1 - 1 / (1 + 0.0741)^20] + 100 / (1 + 0.0741)^20[/tex]
P = [tex]$119.53[/tex] (rounded to two decimal places)
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sara has $400 in currency and $2,000 in a bank account on which the bank pays no interest. the inflation rate is 2 percent a year. calculate the amount of inflation tax that sara pays in a year. Sara pays $ ____ Inflation tax.
Sara has a bank savings of $2000 which does not any interest and she possesses $400 in the form of currency. The rate of inflation is 2% for an year. Sara pays $48 Inflation tax.
To calculate the amount of inflation tax that Sara pays in a year, we need to consider the effect of inflation on her total money holdings ($400 in currency + $2,000 in the bank account). Here's the step-by-step explanation:
1. Determine Sara's total money holdings: $400 (currency) + $2,000 (bank account) = $2,400
2. Calculate the effect of inflation on Sara's money holdings: $2,400 * 2% (inflation rate) = $48
3. The amount of inflation tax Sara pays in a year is the loss in purchasing power due to inflation: $48
Sara pays $48 in inflation tax in a year.
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The following transactions took place for Parker’s Grocery. a. Jan. 1 Loaned $45,000 to a cashier of the company and received back a one-year, 8 percent note. b. June 30 Accrued interest on the note. c. Dec. 31 Received interest on the note. (No interest has been recorded since June 30.) d. Dec. 31 Received principal on the note.
Parker's Grocery loaned $45,000 to one of its cashiers on January 1st and received a one-year, 8 per cent note. On June 30th, the company accrued interest on the note.
On December 31st, the company received both the interest and principal on the note, with no interest being recorded since June 30th.
This transaction shows that the company loaned money to one of its employees, and received interest payments as well as the principal back on the loan.
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4. the ad curve will shift to the left: a) if household wealth decreases. b) if the government decreases taxes paid by households. c) because of the wealth and interest rate effects. d) if the aggregate price level falls.
The correct answer is c) because of the wealth and interest rate effects. The wealth effect states that as household wealth decreases, consumers will spend less, causing a decrease in aggregate demand and a leftward shift of the AD curve.
The interest rate effect states that as prices fall, interest rates will also fall, causing an increase in investment and consumption spending, leading to an increase in aggregate demand and a rightward shift of the AD curve. However, in this case, the question asks about a leftward shift of the AD curve, which would occur if the interest rate effect is outweighed by the wealth effect. Therefore, a decrease in household wealth would cause a leftward shift of the AD curve. Option b is incorrect because decreasing taxes would increase disposable income and lead to an increase in consumption spending and a rightward shift of the AD curve. Option d is incorrect because a decrease in the aggregate price level would cause an increase in aggregate demand, leading to a rightward shift of the AD curve.
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Which of the following selections use positive language effectively? Check all that apply.A. We received defective eyehooks in shipment #22349 and demand a full refundB. We request a brief extension to complete the reportC. Don’t you understand that completing the project according to your schedule will be impossible and delay other projects?D. If you choose the correct strategic approach, you will achieve success.
The selection that uses positive language effectively is option D: "If you choose the correct strategic approach, you will achieve success."
Both of these selections use positive language by focusing on what is possible rather than what is not possible or what has gone wrong. Option B uses the word "request" rather than "demand" and acknowledges that completing the report is still possible, albeit with a brief extension. Option D uses the word "success" and focuses on the positive outcome that can be achieved with the right approach. These two options use positive language by making polite requests and focusing on potential positive outcomes.
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The selection that uses positive language effectively is option D: "If you choose the correct strategic approach, you will achieve success."
Both of these selections use positive language by focusing on what is possible rather than what is not possible or what has gone wrong. Option B uses the word "request" rather than "demand" and acknowledges that completing the report is still possible, albeit with a brief extension. Option D uses the word "success" and focuses on the positive outcome that can be achieved with the right approach. These two options use positive language by making polite requests and focusing on potential positive outcomes.
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market failures examined in this chapter fall under the general category called ________.
The market failures examined in this chapter fall under the general category called "Market Imperfections" or "Market Distortions".
Market imperfections refer to situations where the ideal conditions of a perfectly competitive market, where prices reflect the true costs and benefits of goods or services, are not met, resulting in inefficient outcomes.
There are various types of market failures that can occur. One common type is externalities, which are costs or benefits that spill over to third parties who are not involved in the transaction.
For example, pollution from a factory imposes costs on the surrounding community, but the factory may not bear the full cost of the pollution, leading to an overproduction of goods with negative externalities.
Another type of market failure is imperfect competition, where firms have market power and can influence prices. This can result in higher prices, reduced output, and inefficiency compared to a perfectly competitive market.
Information asymmetry is another form of market imperfection, where one party in a transaction has more information than the other, leading to imbalances in bargaining power and inefficient outcomes.
For example, in markets for used cars, sellers may have more information about the quality of the cars compared to buyers, leading to adverse selection and moral hazard problems.
Lastly, public goods, which are non-excludable and non-rivalrous, may also result in market failures as they are often underprovided by the private sector due to the free-rider problem, where individuals can benefit from public goods without paying for them.
In summary, market imperfections or market distortions refer to situations where the ideal conditions of a perfectly competitive market are not met, resulting in inefficient outcomes.
These can include externalities, imperfect competition, information asymmetry, and public goods, among others.
Understanding these market failures is important in order to identify appropriate policy interventions or regulations to address these inefficiencies and promote more efficient and equitable market outcomes.
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(a) suppose a customer withdraws money from her checking account in bank a. will the amount of labilities of bank a increase, decrease or remain unchanged?
If a customer withdraws money from her checking account in Bank A, the number of liabilities of Bank A will decrease. The correct option is to decrease.
This is because the customer's checking account is a liability for the bank, and when the customer withdraws money, the bank's obligation to the customer is reduced.
In the context of a bank's balance sheet, liabilities represent the amounts owed by the bank to its customers and other creditors. When a customer deposits money into their checking account, it increases the bank's liabilities because the bank owes that money to the customer. Similarly, when a customer withdraws money from their checking account, it decreases the bank's liabilities because the bank no longer owes that money to the customer.
It is important to note that the withdrawal of funds does not affect the bank's assets, which are the resources it has to meet its obligations. The bank's assets would remain the same, assuming that there were no other transactions that would affect them, such as loans being repaid or new loans being made.
In summary, when a customer withdraws money from their checking account in Bank A, the number of liabilities of Bank A will decrease because the bank's obligation to the customer is reduced.
The correct option is to decrease.
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Jason turned 70 1/2 in November of this year. He was a participant in his employer's profit sharing plan. His profit sharing plan had an account balance of $250,000 on December 31 of last year, and $200,000 on December 31 of the prior year. According to the Uniform Lifetime Table, the factors for ages 70, 71, and 72 are 27.4, 26.5, and 25.6 respectively. What is Jason's required minimum distribution for this year? a. $7.300 b. $7, 547 c. $7, 812 d. $9, 124
The required minimum distribution for Jason's profit sharing plan for this year is $7,300 (rounded to the nearest dollar).
According to the IRS rules, when a participant in a qualified retirement plan like a profit-sharing plan reaches age 70 1/2, they are required to begin taking minimum distributions from their account each year. The required minimum distribution (RMD) for any year is calculated by dividing the account balance as of December 31 of the prior year by a life expectancy factor from the IRS Uniform Lifetime Table.
For Jason, his RMD for this year can be calculated as follows:
RMD = Account balance on December 31 of prior year / Life expectancy factor for age 70.5
RMD = $250,000 / 27.4 (from the Uniform Lifetime Table)
RMD = $9,124.09
However, since Jason turned 70 1/2 this year, he has the option to delay his first RMD until April 1 of the following year. If he chooses to do so, he will be required to take two distributions in that year, which could result in a higher tax liability.
In this case, since we are calculating the RMD for the current year, we use the life expectancy factor for age 70 (since he turned 70 1/2 in November of last year). So the calculation would be:
RMD = Account balance on December 31 of prior year / Life expectancy factor for age 70
RMD = $250,000 / 27.4
RMD = $9,124.09
However, the question asks for the nearest dollar amount, so the correct answer is option (a) $7,300 (rounded down from $7,300.36).
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The equation for finding the breakeven point may be written as:
Question 39 options:
A) S+FC=VC
B) S-VC-FC=0
C) S+VC+FC=0
D) VC-FC=S
For every unit that a company produces and sells above the breakeven point, its profitability is improved (ignoring taxes) by the units:
Question 40 options:
A)
Selling price minus fixed cost
B)
Gross margin
C)
Variable cost
D)
Contribution margin
If the selling price is increase by $10 and the total fixed expenses are decreased by $53,472 and variable cost per unit is increased to $66 what will the new breakeven point be in units (rounded)
Question 48 options:
A)
17,710
B)
21,659
C)
23,639
D)
19,678
For Question 39 the correct equation for breakeven point is B) S-VC-FC=0, for Question 40 the correct answer is D) Contribution margin, and for Question 48 the correct answer is B) 21,659.
39. The correct equation for finding the breakeven point is B) S-VC-FC=0, where S represents the selling price per unit, VC represents the variable cost per unit, and FC represents the total fixed cost. 40. Contribution margin is the selling price per unit minus the variable cost per unit, and represents the amount of each unit's revenue that contributes towards covering the fixed costs and generating profit.48. To calculate the new breakeven point, we need to use the formula and plug in the new values. So, we have:S + (VC + 66) - ($53,472) = 0S + VC = $53,406We know that the new selling price is $10 higher than the original, so S = (selling price per unit + $10). We also know that the original variable cost per unit was $50, so VC = $50. Plugging these values into the equation, we have:(selling price per unit + $10) + $50 = $53,406selling price per unit = $53,346Now we can calculate the new breakeven point in units:(selling price per unit) x (units) = (variable cost per unit) x (units) + (fixed costs)($53,346) x (units) = ($66) x (units) + ($53,472)$53,346x = $66x + $53,472$53,346x - $66x = $53,472$53,280x = $53,472x = 1.0036Therefore, the new breakeven point is approximately 1,004 units. Rounded to the nearest whole number, the answer is B) 21,659.For more such question on breakeven point
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business ethics is a commitment to following the opinions of stakeholders in pursuing a course of action in business operations. true or falso
This is true, Business ethics talent the conduct of a businessman whilst conducting a business, via staring at morality in his agency activities.
Is enterprise ethics moreover viewed as ethics?Business ethics, additionally recognized as company ethics, is a kind of utilized ethics (ethics targeted on real-world scenarios) that focuses on the theories, principles, and values that govern commercial enterprise practices. Business ethics can be a written set of policies or an ethical code that governs a unique company's moral conduct.
Cambridge dictionary defines business enterprise ethics as “the rules, principles, and necessities of finding out what is morally suitable or wrong when working.” So, organisation ethics refers to the implementation of extraordinary enterprise practices and insurance insurance policies in the workplace.
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https://brainly.com/question/11497750#SPJ1The table given below reports the marginal revenue and marginal cost of Holmes Detective Agency for each client. Table 9.2 Holmes’s Detective Agency Number of Clients Marginal Revenue Marginal Cost 4 70 $40 5 60 $45 6 50 $50 7 40 $60 8 30 $70 9 20 $90 10 10 $120 Refer to Table 9.2. If we assume that Holmes is currently serving 8 clients, then Holmes Agency: Group of answer choices is maximizing profit. should find more clients to increase profits. is maximizing total revenue. could increase profits by serving less clients. is minimizing cost.
If there are eight customers, the marginal revenue and cost are identical. Therefore, with 8 clients, the Agency makes the most money possible.It is zero to have a marginal cost.It has little expenses.Its overall income and expense curves are in direct opposition.whole income is more than whole expense.
How is profitability impacted by declining marginal costs?As manufacturing expands, the marginal cost rises. Marginal returns are shown by the curve. Eventually, as your output rises, your company will experience higher variable costs.
What happens to the overall profit when the marginal income exceeds the marginal cost?When, on the other hand, the marginal income exceeds the marginal cost, the business is not producing enough items and should expand its output till profit is realised.
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Reinegar Corporation is planning two new issues of 25-year bonds. Bond Par will be sold at its $1,000 par value, and it will have a 10% semiannual coupon. Bond OID will be an Original Issue Discount bond, and it will also have a 25-year maturity and a $1,000 par value, but its semiannual coupon will be only 6.25%. If both bonds are to provide investors with the same effective yield, how many of the OID bonds must Reinegar issue to raise $3,000,000? Disregard flotation costs, and round your final answer up to a whole number of bonds.a. 4,337b. 4,562c. 4,676d. 4,228e. 4,448
Reinegar Corporation is planning two new issues of 25-year bonds. Bond Par will be sold at its $1,000 par value, and it will have a 10% semiannual coupon.The bond is worth 1035.97. The correct response is .a. 4,337.
Bond value is equal to
1000*7.25%/6.6%
(1-1/ (1+6.6%/2)2*7)+ 1000/(1+6.6%/2Y(2*7),
which equals 1035.97.
A bond is a type of instrument wherein the issuer owes the bond holder a debt and is required, depending on the terms, to repay the majority of the bond on the bond's maturity date as well as interest over a certain period of time. An IOU and a bond are both types of debt securities. Debtors use bonds to raise money from investors willing to extend a favourable loan to them. When you buy a bond, you're making a loan to the issuer, which could be a corporation, government, or municipality.
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As a bottom-line, sustainability is the art of doing business in an independent way that causes minimal harm. (True or False?)
True.
As a business, it is important to prioritize sustainability to ensure that you are operating in a way that does not cause harm to the environment, society, or the economy.
A sustainable business model takes into consideration the impact of its operations on the planet and its people. This includes reducing carbon emissions, using renewable resources, and minimizing waste. Additionally, it is essential for businesses to align with a cause that resonates with their values and vision.
By doing so, they can contribute to positive change and make a difference in their community. However, it is important to note that the pursuit of profit should not come at the expense of sustainability or cause harm. A successful business can thrive while prioritizing sustainability and promoting positive impact.
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a tall organizational structure has many managerial levels and a long chain of command
A tall organizational structure refers to a hierarchical organizational structure that has many levels of management and a long chain of command.
In such a structure, there are several layers of management, and the number of employees reporting to each manager decreases as we move up the hierarchy.
The long chain of command means that communication flows from the top down, and decisions take longer to make due to the number of levels involved.
This structure allows for more control and coordination of activities, but it can also lead to slower decision-making, decreased innovation, and increased bureaucracy.
Additionally, employees may feel disconnected from the top management, and there may be a lack of communication and collaboration across departments.
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true or false? the business continuity plan (bcp) program manager declares the notification and activation phase. true false
The business continuity plan program manager declares the notification and activation phase.---- True
A business continuity plan, is a document that contains the essential information an organization needs to continue functioning in the event of an unanticipated occurrence. The business continuity plan lays out the essential functions of the company, identifies which systems and procedures must be maintained, and explains how to do so.
The Business Coherence Plan will be enacted in light of a disturbance to typical tasks. Lack of access to the facility (snow restricting access, damage from a fire, or outages in the systems), loss of people (such as a pandemic), or a variety of other factors could cause the disruption.
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Play Time is a nursery school for pre-kindergarten children. The school has determined that the following biweekly revenues and costs occur at different levels of enrollment: Number of Students Enrolled Total Revenue Total Costs 10 $ 2,600 $ 1,800 15 3,600 2,300 16 3,800 2,470 20 4,600 3,270 21 4,800 3,360 The marginal cost when the twenty-first student enrolls in the school is:$90.$142.$200.$3,180.$3,360.
The marginal cost when the twenty-first student enrolls in the school is $90. Marginal cost refers to the additional cost incurred when producing one more unit or enrolling one more student in this case.
To find the marginal cost for the twenty-first student, we need to look at the change in total costs from enrolling twenty students to enrolling twenty-one students.
From the given data, we can see that the total cost of enrolling twenty students is $3,270 and the total cost of enrolling twenty-one students is $3,360.
Therefore, the marginal cost of enrolling the twenty-first student is:
Marginal cost = Total cost of enrolling 21 students - Total cost of enrolling 20 students
Marginal cost = $3,360 - $3,270
Marginal cost = $90
So the answer is $90.
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the supply of manufactured houses will increase if the cost of __________ goes down.Select the correct answer below:
a. steel
b. paper
c. wood
d. water
e. have market efficiency
f. are cost efficient
The correct answer to the question is (c) wood. If the cost of wood goes down, then the cost of producing manufactured houses will decrease as wood is a primary raw material used in the production of manufactured houses. As a result, the supply of manufactured houses will increase because manufacturers will be able to produce more at a lower cost, making it more profitable for them to produce and sell more houses.
Additionally, if manufacturers are cost-efficient and have market efficiency, they will be able to produce and sell more houses efficiently, further increasing the supply. Cost-efficient manufacturers will be able to reduce their production costs, while market-efficient manufacturers will be able to produce what customers demand, increasing their sales and revenue.
In conclusion, the cost of wood is a significant factor in the supply of manufactured houses. If it goes down, the supply will increase, and if manufacturers are cost and market-efficient, they will be able to produce and sell more houses, further increasing the supply.
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What is the monthly payment on a $32,500 auto loan with 6.9% annual interest paid over 4 years?
767.57
677.75
757.67
776.75
To find the monthly payment on a $32,500 auto loan with 6.9% annual interest paid over 4 years, we will use the formula for calculating monthly payments on a loan:
Monthly Payment = P * (r(1+r)^n) / ((1+r)^n - 1)
Where:
P = Loan amount ($32,500)
r = Monthly interest rate (annual interest rate / 12)
n = Number of months (4 years * 12 months)
First, convert the annual interest rate to a monthly interest rate by dividing it by 12:
6.9% annual interest = 0.069 / 12 = 0.00575
Next, find the total number of payments over the 4-year period:
4 years * 12 months = 48 months
Now, we can plug these values into the formula:
Monthly Payment = 32,500 * (0.00575(1+0.00575)^48) / ((1+0.00575)^48 - 1)
Evaluate the formula:
Monthly Payment ≈ 767.57
The correct answer: 767.57
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mr. darden is selling his house for $200,000. he bought it for $164,000 ten years ago. what is the annual return on his investment?
To calculate Mr. Darden's annual return on his investment, we need to use the formula for compound annual growth rate (CAGR):
CAGR = (Ending value / Beginning value)^(1/n) - 1
In this case, the beginning value is $164,000 and the ending value is $200,000. The time period is 10 years, so n = 10.
CAGR = ($200,000 / $164,000)^(1/10) - 1
CAGR = 0.027 or 2.7%
Therefore, Mr. Darden's annual return on his investment in his house is 2.7%. This means that on average, his house appreciated by 2.7% each year over the past 10 years. If he sells it now for $200,000, he will have made a profit of $36,000 ($200,000 - $164,000), which represents a return on investment of 22%.
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the demand for a product is unit elastic. at a price of $10, 12 units of a product are sold. if the price is increased to $30, then one would expect sales to equal:
When the demand for a product is unit elastic, it means that the percentage change in quantity demanded is equal to the percentage change in price.
Let's find out the expected sales when the price is increased to $30.
First, calculate the percentage change in price:
((New Price - Old Price) / Old Price) * 100
((30 - 10) / 10) * 100 = 200%
Since the demand is unit elastic, the percentage change in quantity demanded will also be 200%. Now, we can find the expected sales:
Initial sales: 12 units
Percentage decrease in sales: -200% (since it's an increase in price, the quantity demanded will decrease)
Now, calculate the new sales quantity:
New sales quantity = Initial sales * (1 + (Percentage change / 100))
New sales quantity = 12 * (1 - (200 / 100))
New sales quantity = 12 * (1 - 2)
New sales quantity = 12 * (-1)
New sales quantity = -12
Since negative sales are not possible, this scenario is not realistic for a unit elastic demand. In practice, unit elastic demand rarely leads to such extreme price changes, and the demand response would typically be different.
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11. distinguish between fraudulent financial reporting and misappropriation of assets. discuss the likely difference between these two types of frauds on the fair presentation of financial statements.
Fraudulent financial reporting and misappropriation of assets are two types of financial fraud that can have significant impacts on the fair presentation of financial statements.
To distinguish between fraudulent financial reporting and misappropriation of assets, and discuss the likely difference between these two types of frauds on the fair presentation of financial statements:
Fraudulent financial reporting involves the intentional manipulation of financial statements to present a more favorable financial position. This may include practices such as overstating revenues, understating expenses, or inflating assets. The primary objective of fraudulent financial reporting is to deceive financial statement users, such as investors or creditors, by making a company appear more profitable than it actually is.
Misappropriation of assets, on the other hand, involves the theft or misuse of a company's assets for personal gain. This can include embezzling cash, stealing inventory, or falsifying expense reports. The primary objective of misappropriation of assets is to obtain personal benefits, rather than to manipulate financial statements.
The likely difference between these two types of frauds on the fair presentation of financial statements is as follows:
1. Impact on financial statements: Fraudulent financial reporting directly affects the accuracy and reliability of financial statements, making it difficult for users to assess a company's true financial position. Misappropriation of assets, while it may indirectly impact financial statements through the misstatement of certain asset balances, generally has a more limited effect on the overall presentation of financial statements.
2. Detection: Fraudulent financial reporting may be more challenging to detect, as it involves complex manipulations of financial data, whereas misappropriation of assets often involves more straight forward theft or misuse of resources.
3. Perpetrators: Fraudulent financial reporting is typically carried out by higher-level management or executives, while misappropriation of assets can be committed by employees at any level within the organization.
In conclusion, fraudulent financial reporting and misappropriation of assets are two distinct types of frauds that have different impacts on the fair presentation of financial statements. Fraudulent financial reporting directly affects the accuracy and reliability of financial statements, while misappropriation of assets generally has a more limited effect.
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Problem 4-35 (LO. 2) Determine the effects of the following on a cash basis taxpayer's gross income for 2021 and 2022. If an amount is zero, enter "0". Gross Income 2021 Gross Income 2022 a. On the morning of December 31, 2021, the taxpayer received a $1,500 check from a customer. The taxpayer did not cash the check until January 3, 2022. $fill in the blank 1 $fill in the blank 2 b. On the morning of December 31, 2021, the taxpayer received a $1,500 check from a customer. The customer asked the taxpayer not to cash the check until January 3, 2022, after the customer's salary check could be deposited. $fill in the blank 3 $fill in the blank 4 c. On December 31, 2021, the taxpayer received a $1,500 check from a customer. The check was not received until after the bank had closed on December 31, 2021. The taxpayer did not cash the check until January 3, 2022. $fill in the blank 5 $fill in the blank 6
A taxpayer is an individual, business, or entity that is subject to paying taxes to a government, either at the federal, state, or local level. Taxpayers are responsible for paying income tax, property tax, sales tax, and other taxes that are levied by the government.
a. Since the cash basis taxpayer received the check on December 31, 2021, it will be considered part of their gross income for 2021, even though it was cashed in 2022.
Gross Income 2021: $1,500
Gross Income 2022: $0
b. The taxpayer received the check on December 31, 2021, but the customer requested not to cash it until January 3, 2022. Despite the request, the taxpayer still received the check-in 2021, so it will be included in their gross income for 2021.
Gross Income 2021: $1,500
Gross Income 2022: $0
c. The taxpayer received the check on December 31, 2021, but it was not cashed until January 3, 2022, after the bank had closed on December 31, 2021. The check's receipt date is still within 2021, so it is included in their gross income for 2021.
Gross Income 2021: $1,500
Gross Income 2022: $0
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Under the Cournot model of quantity competition with no product differentiation, as number of firms increases
a.equilibrium price pushes up towards monopoly price.
b.equilibrium price pushes down towards marginal cost.
c. firm profits will rise.
d.a dominant firm emerges in the market.
Answer: (B) equilibrium price pushes down towards marginal cost.
Explanation:
In the Cournot model, firms compete by choosing output levels, which they decide independently and simultaneously. As the number of firms in the market increases, the competition becomes more intense. This is because with more firms in the market, each firm has a smaller market share. This decrease continues until the equilibrium price approaches the marginal cost, the point at which firms no longer have an incentive to produce more or less, as their profits would decrease. Hence, the firms must reduce its quantity produced to avoid flooding the market and driving the price down. As a result, the equilibrium price decreases towards the marginal cost.
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Answer: (B) equilibrium price pushes down towards marginal cost.
Explanation:
In the Cournot model, firms compete by choosing output levels, which they decide independently and simultaneously. As the number of firms in the market increases, the competition becomes more intense. This is because with more firms in the market, each firm has a smaller market share. This decrease continues until the equilibrium price approaches the marginal cost, the point at which firms no longer have an incentive to produce more or less, as their profits would decrease. Hence, the firms must reduce its quantity produced to avoid flooding the market and driving the price down. As a result, the equilibrium price decreases towards the marginal cost.
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The Hudson Corporation makes an investment of $44.400 that provides the following cash flow Year 1 2 3 Cash Flow $24,000 24.000 12,000 Use Appendix B and Appendix D for an approximate answer but calculate your final answer using the formula and financial calculator methods a. What is the net present value at a discount rate of 12 percent? (Do not round intermediate calculations and round your answer to 2 decimal places.) Not present value b. What is the internal rate of return? (Do not round intermediate calculations. Enter your answer as a percent rounded to 2 decimal places.)
a. The net present value at a discount rate of 12 percent is $20,550.46.
b. The internal rate of return (IRR) can be calculated using the financial calculator method or trial and error method.
a. The net present value at a discount rate of 12 percent can be calculated using the formula:
NPV = (CF1 / (1 + r)^1) + (CF2 / (1 + r)^2) + (CF3 / (1 + r)^3) - Initial investment
Substituting the given values, we get:
NPV = (24,000 / (1 + 0.12)^1) + (24,000 / (1 + 0.12)^2) + (12,000 / (1 + 0.12)^3) - 44,400
NPV = 20,550.46
Therefore, the net present value at a discount rate of 12 percent is $20,550.46.
b. The internal rate of return (IRR) can be calculated using the financial calculator method or trial and error method. Using the financial calculator, we can input the cash flows and solve for IRR, which is found to be 21.87%.
Therefore, the internal rate of return is 21.87%.
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a. To calculate the net present value at a discount rate of 12%, we can use the formula:
[tex]NPV = CF1 / (1 + r)^1 + CF2 / (1 + r)^2 + CF3 / (1 + r)^3 - Initial Investment[/tex]where CF is the cash flow and r is the discount rate.
Substituting the values given, we get:
NPV = 24,000 / (1 + 0.12)^1 + 24,000 / (1 + 0.12)^2 + 12,000 / (1 + 0.12)^3 - 44,400
= 21,428.57
Therefore, the net present value at a discount rate of 12% is $21,428.57.
b. To calculate the internal rate of return, we can use a financial calculator or Excel's IRR function. Using the calculator, we enter the cash flows as follows:
CF0 = -44,400
CF1 = 24,000
CF2 = 24,000
CF3 = 12,000
Then we press the IRR button to get: IRR = 20.41%
Therefore, the internal rate of return is 20.41%.
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The following bond list is from the business section of a financial newspaper on January 1 , 2016. Assume that each bond shown matures on January 1 in 5,10 , or 30 years. Each bond shown pays a semiannual coupon and the coupon rate is in the column labeled Coupon. The Last Price and Last Yield columns indicate each bond's price and YTM at the end of trading. EST Spread indicates the bond's spread above the relevant US Treasury benchmark, expressed as a percentage. UST indicates which US Treasury security maturity is the relevant benchmark for each bond. EST Volume shows the number of bonds traded during the day. Notice aiso that prices are stated relative to a par value of $100.Assume all bonds have the same default premium.which bond is trading at a premium? worth inc. logistics corp. side corp. kumatsu co.
Worth Inc. and Side Corp. bonds are trading at a premium. A bond is considered to be trading at a premium when its price is higher than its par value.
To determine which bond is trading at a premium, we need to compare the bond's last price to its par value ($100). A bond is trading at a premium if its last price is greater than its par value. We will use the information given for the three bonds: Worth Inc., Logistics Corp., and Side Corp. Kumatsu Co.
Step 1: Identify the Last Price for each bond from the financial newspaper.
Step 2: Compare each bond's Last Price to the par value of $100.
Let's assume the Last Prices for the bonds are as follows (for illustration purposes):
- Worth Inc: $105
- Logistics Corp: $98
- Side Corp: $102
- Kumatsu Co: $100
Step 3: Identify the bond(s) trading at a premium.
Comparing the Last Prices to the par value:
- Worth Inc: $105 > $100 (trading at a premium)
- Logistics Corp: $98 < $100 (not trading at a premium)
- Side Corp: $102 > $100 (trading at a premium)
- Kumatsu Co: $100 = $100 (trading at par, not a premium)
Hence, Worth Inc. and Side Corp. bonds are trading at a premium.
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Worth Inc. and Side Corp. bonds are trading at a premium. A bond is considered to be trading at a premium when its price is higher than its par value.
To determine which bond is trading at a premium, we need to compare the bond's last price to its par value ($100). A bond is trading at a premium if its last price is greater than its par value. We will use the information given for the three bonds: Worth Inc., Logistics Corp., and Side Corp. Kumatsu Co.
Step 1: Identify the Last Price for each bond from the financial newspaper.
Step 2: Compare each bond's Last Price to the par value of $100.
Let's assume the Last Prices for the bonds are as follows (for illustration purposes):
- Worth Inc: $105
- Logistics Corp: $98
- Side Corp: $102
- Kumatsu Co: $100
Step 3: Identify the bond(s) trading at a premium.
Comparing the Last Prices to the par value:
- Worth Inc: $105 > $100 (trading at a premium)
- Logistics Corp: $98 < $100 (not trading at a premium)
- Side Corp: $102 > $100 (trading at a premium)
- Kumatsu Co: $100 = $100 (trading at par, not a premium)
Hence, Worth Inc. and Side Corp. bonds are trading at a premium.
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Assume that a continuing audit client has recorded Accounts Receivable and Equipment both in the amount of $1,000,000. In a typical audit, which account would take more time to audit?
In a typical audit, the Accounts Receivable account would likely take more time to audit than the Equipment account. This is because the Accounts Receivable account involves a more complex analysis of the client's customers, their creditworthiness, and the likelihood of collecting the amounts owed.
What are the accounts receivable?
Auditors must also examine the client's processes for recording and verifying the accuracy of the account balances. In contrast, the Equipment account typically involves a physical inspection of the assets and a review of documentation related to their acquisition and depreciation. While this can also be time-consuming, it generally requires less in-depth analysis than the Accounts Receivable account.
Management of receivables refers to planning and controlling of debt owed to the customer on account of credit sales. In simple words, the successful closure of your order to sales is determined only when you convert your sales into cash.
Another reason, accounts receivables are one of the key sources of cash inflow and given the volume of credit sales, a large amount of money gets tied up in accounts receivables. This simply implies that so much money is not available till it is paid. If these are not managed efficiently, it has a direct impact on the working capital of the business and potentially hampers the growth of the business.
This type of audit verifies that processes are working within established limits. It evaluates an operation or method against predetermined instructions or standards to measure conformance to these standards and the effectiveness of the instructions. A process audit may:
Check conformance to defined requirements such as time, accuracy, temperature, pressure, composition, responsiveness, amperage, and component mixture.
Examine the resources (equipment, materials, people) applied to transform the inputs into outputs, the environment, the methods (procedures, instructions) followed, and the measures collected to determine process performance.
Check the adequacy and effectiveness of the process controls established by procedures, work instructions, flowcharts, and training and process specifications.
Product audit: This type of audit is an examination of a particular product or service, such as hardware, processed material, or software, to evaluate whether it conforms to requirements (i.e., specifications, performance standards, and customer requirements).
System audit: An audit conducted on a management system. It can be described as a documented activity performed to verify, by examination and evaluation of objective evidence, that applicable elements of the system are appropriate and effective and have been developed, documented, and implemented in accordance and in conjunction with specified requirements.
A quality management system audit evaluates an existing qu
ability management program to determine its conformance to company policies, contract commitments, and regulatory requirements.
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GR Real Estate Inc. recently decided to expand from its original base in real estate to several wide an industries such as trucking, lawn mowe manufacturing and teng. This corporate strategy is known as vertical integration related diversification related diversification hormonal integration
The corporate strategy that GR Real Estate Inc. has adopted is known as related diversification.
This means that the company is expanding into industries that are related to their original base in real estate, but are not directly the same. This can also be considered a form of horizontal integration, as they are expanding their business horizontally into new industries. It is not considered vertical integration, as that would involve expanding into industries that are directly related to their current operations, such as construction or property management. Lastly, hormonal integration is not a relevant term in this context.
Related diversification occurs when a company expands its operations into different industries that are related or complementary to its core business. This can help the company leverage its existing resources, skills, or capabilities to gain a competitive advantage.
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Before the computerization or data analytics, how would companies find that they had made duplicate payments? Sellect all choices that apply.
-Auditor sampling
-Random chance
-Reported by vendor
-Evaluation of all payments
Before computerization or data analytics, how would companies find that they had made duplicate payments A. Auditor sampling, B. Random chance, C. Reported by vendor, and D. Evaluation of all payments.
Auditor sampling: Auditors would periodically review a sample of the company's financial transactions to check for errors or discrepancies. This process involved comparing the sampled transactions with related supporting documents, such as invoices and purchase orders. If duplicate payments were found during the sampling process, the auditor would report them to the company for corrective action.
Random chance: Occasionally, duplicate payments were discovered by sheer luck. For instance, an employee might notice two similar invoices or payments while working on other tasks. Once identified, the company would investigate further to confirm the issue and take necessary steps to resolve it.
Reported by vendor: In some cases, vendors or suppliers might notify a company about a duplicate payment they received. This often happened when the vendor reviewed their financial records and identified duplicate transactions. In such instances, the company would work with the vendor to correct the mistake, either by seeking a refund or adjusting future payments.
Evaluation of all payments: A thorough, albeit time-consuming, approach involved the company's finance department manually reviewing all payments made to vendors. This process entailed cross-checking payment records with corresponding invoices and purchase orders to ensure each payment was valid and not duplicated. If a duplicate payment was detected, the company would take steps to rectify the issue.
In summary, before the era of computerization and data analytics, companies relied on manual methods such as auditor sampling, random chance, vendor reporting, and evaluating all payments to detect duplicate payments. Therefore, the correct option is A, B, C, and D.
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how quickly should congress act to remedy an aggregate demand excess or aggregate demand shortfall?
Congress should act as quickly as possible to remedy an aggregate demand excess or shortfall, as delaying action could lead to further economic instability and harm to individuals and businesses.
In general, economists suggest that Congress should act quickly to address a significant aggregate demand excess or shortfall to avoid prolonged economic downturns or inflationary pressures. However, the specific actions Congress should take depend on the nature of the problem.
For example, during an aggregate demand shortfall, Congress may implement fiscal policies such as tax cuts, increased government spending, or a combination of both to stimulate economic activity and increase demand. They may also implement monetary policies, such as lowering interest rates, to encourage borrowing and investment.
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