biology homework 8 questions.

Answer: A. Conventional should be the correct answer.

In Pavlov's experiment, he showed that the dog's salivation can be conditioned with the sound of the ringing of the bell. Thus, the correct option is B.

Pavlov showed in his experiment that dogs could be conditioned to salivate at the sound of a ringing bell if that ringing sound was repeatedly presented at the same time as that when they were given the food. First the dogs were presented with the food, they salivated. The food was the unconditioned stimulus in this experiment and salivation was an innate response.

In the classical conditioning experiment, an unconditioned response is an unlearned response that occurs innately in reaction to the unconditioned stimulus with a condition.

Therefore, the correct option is B.

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According to the table that represents the genetic code, the amino acid sequence that corresponds with the mRNA sequence GAA UUU ACG AAA is glutamic acid-phenylalanine-threonine-lysine (Option D).

The genetic code is the information contained in the DNA sequence, which is sued to produce a given sequence of amino acids in a protein during translation. The triplets of nuclotides or codons in DNA are used to generate the proteins, e.g., the GAA  codon is used to add glutamic acid.

The genetic code links a given sequence of amino acids during the translation in the ribosome with specific codons in the mRNA sequence, which are complementary to the DNA sequence obtained during translation since transcription and translation are cellular processes that are interrelated and dependent on each other to produce a protein.

Therefore, we can conclude that the sequence glutamic acid - phenylalanine - threonine - lysine is encoded by using the mRNA sequence GAA UUU ACG AAA (Option D).

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A gene is a segment of DNA that contains a single unit of information.

It follows that every living cells consist of a chromosome which contains the genes. Structurally, the genes consist of two different nucleic acid which are the deoxyribonucleic acid ( DNA ) and ribonucleic acid ( RNA ).

That being said the genes are the units of inheritance. The characters or traits of parents are expressed in the offspring through the genes.

So therefore, we now confirm that a portion or component of the DNA is the gene.

Complete question:

A__is a segment of DNA that contains a single unit of information.

a. Chromosome

b. Gene

c. Sugar

d. Nitrogen base.

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Answer: 400

Explanation:

Thymine pairs with adenine so their numbers are equal.

Answer:

Weather is a short-lived and random changes in the atmosphere, from rain to snow to hot summer months. While, Climate is usually a set temperature for a long period of time. Some examples of a climate are Antarctica, usually being cold and snowing all the time, even in summer months.

Cells reproduce through both meiosis and mitosis, yet they differ significantly from one another.

While mitosis produces new cells, meiosis is a unique sort of cell division that creates sex cells for reproduction. Researchers from several fields independently discovered the two processes.

The original nucleus divides into two identical nuclei during mitosis. Contrarily, meiosis produces four nuclei, each of which contains half as many chromosomes as the parent cell.

Only the gametes, or cells that develop into sex, the egg, and the sperm, go through meiosis in animals.

Therefore, meiosis might be considered a special case of mitosis.

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The organs where gas exchange takes place are the element missing from the diagram. All regions of the body receive oxygenated blood from the lungs through the red blood cells.

The circulation receives oxygen from the lungs during gas exchange. The blood and lungs exchange carbon dioxide at the same time. This occurs in the lungs between the capillaries, which are a network of microscopic blood arteries found in the walls of the alveoli, and the alveoli themselves.

The diagram can be improved by:

                                         Lungs

                                             ↓

                                         oxygen

                                             ↓

                           Red blood cells (carrying oxygen)

                                             ↓

         Organs where carbon is removed from and oxygen is provided,    

                            like as the stomach and liver                    

                                             ↓

             Carbon dioxide is transported to the lungs by RBCs.

The organs where gas exchange takes place are the element missing from the diagram. All regions of the body receive oxygenated blood from the lungs through the red blood cells, which also transport waste carbon dioxide gas back to the lungs. The lungs then exhale the carbon dioxide.

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Darwin's theory of natural selection states that organisms that are best adapted to their environment have the highest chances of survival.

He found physical characteristics such as beak size, weight, and number of eggs laid. It depended on the type of food they ate and the environment of the island. This observation paved the way for establishing the process of natural selection in evolution.

This means that the genetic code carried by these surviving organisms is the code that is passed on. This is the form of this organism that survived while others did not. Of all the evidence Darwin used to support his theory of evolution, the most famous was Darwin's finch in the Galapagos Islands off mainland Ecuador.

How did the environment influence the process of natural selection?

Deleterious mutations were eliminated by natural selection. Because frogs with mutations did not survive. Beneficial mutations were reinforced because frogs carrying the mutation had the highest chances of survival and reproduction. This shows how the environment influences the process of natural selection.

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Geosphere - mining of gold, iron and silver & an earthquake leads to the formation of a new mountain

Biosphere - mold growing on a plant & deforestation

Different definitions of the geosphere have conflicting uses. It can be used to refer to the atmosphere, lithosphere, hydrosphere, and cryosphere as a whole. Different mass and/or energy flows can be exchanged between the various geosphere collectives (the measurable amount of change). The balance of the various geosphere spheres is impacted by the exchange of these fluxes. As an illustration, consider how the soil functions as both a source of flux exchange and as a component of the biosphere.

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Sinks and sources refers to places within the nutrient cycle where nutrients are stored. Thus, the correct option is C.

A nutrient cycle is the movement and exchange of inorganic and organic matter back into the production of matter. Energy flow is a unidirectional and non-cyclic pathway of energy flow, whereas the movement of mineral nutrients is cyclic in nature. Mineral cycling is bi-directional.

Nutrients have the three basic functions that include providing energy, contribute to the body structure, and regulation of chemical processes in the body.

Sinks and sources refers to places within the nutrient cycle where nutrients are stored. Source is the place where more amount of nutrients is present whereas sinks are the places where the nutrients flow from source.

Therefore, the correct option is C.

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Answer:

In the plant cells, cellulose is the primary component of the cell wall, in bacteria the primary component of the cell wall is peptidoglycan and in fungi the primary component of the cell wall is chitin.

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The three phosphate groups of the ATP molecule have negative charges that are given by the oxygen atoms they possess. Because the negative charges repel each other it is extremely difficult to keep the phosphate groups together and therefore the bonds that exist between them are very strong, for this reason when a phosphate bond is broken to convert ATP to ADP, a large amount of energy is released. This is why ATP works so well as an energy molecule. Therefore, the answer is A (they have the same charge and repel each other)

The greenhouse effect is a natural proccess that allows the development of life, it has natural causes. On the other hand, the enhaced greenhouse effect, also know as climate change or global warming, it's reffered to the impact on the climate caused by the overheating of the Earth's surface because of the human activity. Then, option D is correct.

As we know the plants constantly are distributing nutrients, hormones, proteins, and waste compounds along with the whole plant, just like animals plants possess a circulatory system, named the vascular system. So we can say that the correct answer is option F.

Answer:

Liquid detergent can be used to isolate DNA, that is because most of the commercial washing powders contain a mixture of detergents, enzymes and chelating complexes (e.g. EDTA) and this is what is needed to quickly isolate high molecular weight DNA.

In the composition of the chromatography solvent used for mixes of chemicals with drastically differing polarities, a polar gradient is used.

Solvents: Hexane is a typical non-polar solvent for thin-layer and chromatography. There are numerous polar solvents that it can be utilized with.

As opposed to separate continuous phases like those found in suspensions, emulsions, and other non-solution mixtures, a solvent-solute mixture consists of a single phase with all solute molecules occurring as solvates (solvent-solute complexes).

There are three parts to the setup. A solution that rises the stationary phase as a result of capillary action is known as the mobile phase. The stationary phase typically consists of polar inorganic solvent water, while the mobile phase typically consists of a combination of non-polar organic solvents.

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Answer:

The vascular tissues, xylem, and phloem are arranged in the vascular bundle and serve to regulate and circulate the nutrients. Xylem transports water, while phloem transports nutrients and organic compounds.

Answer:One plant tissue that is critical to the survival of the plant is the xylem tissue. Xylem tissue is responsible for transporting water and minerals from the roots of the plant to the rest of the plant, including the leaves and stem. The structure of the xylem tissue is specifically designed to perform this function efficiently and effectively.

Xylem tissue is made up of two main types of cells: tracheids and vessel elements. These cells are long and cylindrical, with a hollow center that allows for the easy flow of water and minerals. Tracheids are thin-walled cells that have tapered ends, and they are found in all vascular plants. Vessel elements are larger in diameter than tracheids and have thinner walls. They are found only in angiosperms (flowering plants) and gymnosperms (non-flowering plants).

The walls of tracheids and vessel elements contain lignin, a hard and durable material that provides structural support to the plant. The presence of lignin allows the cells to withstand the high pressure that is created when water is transported through them. The walls of the cells are also impermeable, meaning that they do not allow water to escape, which is crucial for the efficient transport of water and minerals throughout the plant.

In addition to tracheids and vessel elements, xylem tissue also contains parenchyma and sclerenchyma cells. Parenchyma cells are thin-walled cells that provide support and store nutrients. Sclerenchyma cells are thicker-walled cells that provide structural support and protection to the plant.

The structure of xylem tissue allows it to perform its function of water and mineral transport efficiently. The hollow center of the tracheids and vessel elements allows for the easy flow of water and minerals, while the presence of lignin in the cell walls provides support and prevents the cells from collapsing under pressure. The impermeable walls of the cells ensure that water and minerals are not lost during transport, and the parenchyma and sclerenchyma cells provide additional support and protection to the plant. Overall, the structure of xylem tissue is crucial to the survival of the plant, as it ensures the efficient and effective transport of water and minerals throughout the plant.

Explanation:

Plants transform light energy into chemical energy using photosynthesis.

Photosynthesis is divided into light-dependent reactions and light-independent reactions.

Light-dependent reactions occur in the thylakoids of the chloroplast, where one molecule of chlorophyll absorbs a photon and loses an electron, which is later taken to the molecule of pheophytin and then to a quinone, initiating an electron transport chain that produces NADPH. The movement of electrons also creates a proton gradient, which can be used by the ATP synthase to produce ATP. The electron lost by the chlorophyll is regained from the photolysis, which breaks apart the water and releases oxygen.

The light-independent reactions are the ones where the enzyme RuBisCO transforms CO₂ from the atmosphere and makes carbohydrates, in a process called the Calvin cycle, which uses the NADPH created in the light-dependent reactions. The carbohydrates are later used in cellular respiration to obtain more ATP.

The parenting style contributes to the intellectual performance among people from similar economic and social backgrounds.

Parenting style is a psychological behavior that represents the way in which the parents perform the upbringing of their children. The parenting style is affected by a variety of factors like the surroundings, economic status, culture, experiences, etc.

Social background refers to the type of family an individual has. It involves the upbringing of the person, their intellect, their lifestyle, their family background, etc. The social background is the determinant of the kind of person an individual is. However, it is not compulsory that a person lives or behaves according to its social background.

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According to the rule of conservation of mass, matter cannot be generated or destroyed in a closed or isolated system. It is preserved but capable of changing forms.

The understanding that substances do not actually vanish as a result of a reaction, despite what might appear to be the case, but rather change into another material of equal mass, was made possible by the law of conservation of mass, which was essential to the development of chemistry.

The law of conservation of mass was discovered by several scientists, according to history. As a consequence of an experiment in 1756, Russian scientist Mikhail Lomonosov recorded it in his diary.

French chemist Antoine Lavoisier carefully recorded experiments that supported the law in 1774. Some people refer to the law of conservation of mass as Lavoisier's Law.

Therefore, According to the rule of conservation of mass, matter cannot be generated or destroyed in a closed or isolated system. It is preserved but capable of changing forms.

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Bonobos are distinct from chimpanzees in what way they regularly walk on two legs with ease, alpha females and their sons rule the group.and  use sex as a way to diffuse aggression and tension within the group (all options are correct).

Bonobos are a group of primates that have certain behavioral characteristics which may be associated with humans and other primates species.  This species (Bonobos) is well known to have certain reproductive strategies that might make more efficient natural selection under certain conditions.

Bonobos are animals that share certain features with humans which include bipedalism and certain reproductive features in order to increase the reproductive fitness of the species in the environment in which they develop.

Therefore, we can conclude that Bonobos are primates that regularly walk on two legs like humans and share certain reproductive strategies.

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Let's define a couple of terms:

• Bacteria are defined as ,prokaryotes,. They are simple-celled organisms, consisting of only genetic material, a cell wall or a cell membrane, ribosomes, cytosol, and cilia or flagella.

• Viruses are considered ,nonliving,. They are inactive and inject their viral genome into a host cell. Viruses are one of the smallest things on this planet. Viruses need a host cell in order to infect and replicate.

Taking this information into context, we can answer the question:

It is easier to treat a bacterial infection because they are separate organisms from the host organism. It is easier to target something bigger and more definitive and won't harm the host itself all too much.

Compared to a viral infection, it is extremely difficult to treat since any treatment would have to target the host organism's cell, as viruses inject their viral genome and take over the host cell and force it to assemble more viruses and release them. This is why we create vaccines, to prevent viral infections.

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Answer:

Homeostasis regulation

Algae are a non-monophyletic group, that is that it doesn't share a common ancestor, but share the characteristics of being able to photosynthetize, and the abscense of true vegetative tissues. They are more related to plants than animals, sharing the same type of nutrition (autotrophy) thanks to the acquisition of the chloroplast, which allows them to do photosynthesis. Actually, plants evolved from a group of Algae called Chlorophyta.

So, the correct classification of this organisms isn't neither as plants nor animals.

Anaphase the shortest mitosis stage. The centromeres split, and spindle fibers connected to the kinetochore regions pull the sister chromatids of each chromosome apart, or "disjoin," and transfer them to the opposing ends of the cell.

What is mitosis ?

When a single cell (the mom) divides in to the two genetically identical daughter cells, this process of cell division is known as mitosis. The phase of cell division known as mitosis, when referring to the cell cycle, is when the DNA in the cell's nucleus is split into two identical sets of chromosomes. The shortest mitosis stage is anaphase. The sister chromatids of each chromosome are pulled apart, or "disjoined," by spindle fibres linked to the kinetochore regions as the centromeres separate, and are then transferred to the opposite ends of the cell.

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Answer:

It is because the jellyfish reproduces through asexual reproduction.

Natural selection by definition states that the fittest has more chances to reproduce and survive, this advantage is given by the genetic variation in a population (mutations), Therefore taking this into account we can see that, the traits that an organism acquires in its lifetime and passes to offspring is not part of natural selection theory (, in fact this concept is from Lamark which is very different from natural selection,

Each of the semicircular canals are in a different dimensions of space, so as fluid flows, it causes a series of reactions that change the pattern of signals carried by the vestibular nerve to the brain.

The superior, horizontal, and posterior designators refer to the three semicircular canals of the bone labyrinth. The dimensional difference in these canals is as follows: The superior and posterior canals are at right angles to each other on diagonal vertical planes. The ampulla of the horizontal canal lie close together and opens into the vestibule.

Semicircular canals determines the movements of head along with the audition. The nerve responsible for this movement control is vestibular nerve. The vestibular nerve transmits motion and positional information. The vestibular system involves coordinated communication between the cerebral cortex, brain stem, ocular muscles, postural muscles, and vestibular apparatus including semicircular canals.

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