An authoritarian method to budgeting is every other manner to explain the control philosophy of top-down budgeting.
The required details for Top-down budgeting in given paragraph
Top-down budgeting refers to a sort of finances allocation wherein govt management and senior control set high-degree budgets primarily based totally on organization objectives. Once approved, control “pushes down” the finances to branch heads, who speak it to their crew members. Top-down budgeting, in different words, is a shape of “finances allocation.” It begins off evolved with a hard and fast quantity and allocates investment and assets as a result throughout departments, leaving it to them to broaden new plans or lessen their current ones primarily based totally at the assets they have got been allotted. The top-down method effects in clear, well-prepared strategies that go away little room for confusion.
Because all choices are made in a single region and all verbal exchange flows in a single direction, mix-ups and misunderstandings take place much less often than with different control styles.
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the stock market crash triggered the beginning of the great depression, the worst economic crisis in u.s. history. which factor did not contribute to
the stock market crash triggered the beginning of the great depression, the worst economic crisis in u.s. history. which factor did not contribute to too many ordinary people owning stock.
What was one aspect of the Great Depression that did not contribute?The fall of international trade was bigger than the loss of global output of commodities and services during the Great Depression, which was a global phenomenon. Protectionist trade policies did not, however, alone produce the Great Depression, just as they did not cause the stock market crash. The economy runs on currency.
What led to the stock market meltdown during the Great Depression?The crisis, sometimes known as "Black Thursday," was preceded by a time of extraordinary prosperity and speculative expansion. Due to a surplus of supply and declining demand, producers were no longer able to easily sell their goods, which contributed to the economic crisis.
What one aspect of American society did the stock market crash and the depression affect?Early in the 1930s, business failures and unemployment spiked sharply as stocks kept falling. One out of every four workers did not have a job by 1932. Many Americans became destitute as a result of bank failures and the loss of life savings. Many Americans lost their homes because they had no employment and no funds.
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during the middle ages, what was a grant of land from a lord to a vassal called?
Latin for "feudum," a fief was a key component of medieval contracts based on feudal law. It was a way for an overlord to give a vassal a type of property holding or other rights.
What was given to a lord's vassal?According to the terms of the feudal agreement, the lord was required to give his vassal a fief, to provide for his protection, and to administer justice in his court. In exchange, the lord was entitled to certain "incomes" known as feudal occurrences, as well as the power to demand the services related to the fief (military, judicial, and administrative).
What is the name of a lord's land?A lord of the manor's domain, also known as a demesne (/dmen, -min/ di-MAYN, -MEEN), consisted of all the land he retained and oversaw.
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write a 2 sentences conflict that you have with others and how it was solve
A conflict is a situation where there is a disagreement over one or more issues involving two or more people. In school, while were playing football, there was a conflict about whether or not a particular tackle was fair or not. The referee helped to resolve this.
What are the benefits of resolving Conflict?Note that some of the advantages of settling disagreements or conflicts include:
Relationship Development: Personal and professional relationships can often suffer from unresolved conflicts.Achievement of Objectives: Ongoing conflict situations, particularly in commercial partnerships, can make it difficult to complete goals.Increasing CommitmentCreating New Insight.Learn more about Conflict;
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Of the following year spans, which had the greatest decrease in voter turnout rates?
A. 1824 and 1828
B. 1860 and 1864
C. 1992 and 1996
D. 1916 and 1920
Option D is correct. 1916 and 1920 had the greatest decrease in voter turnout rates.
Which of the following organizations has the best charge of voter turnout?Voter turnout additionally extended as age, educational attainment and income increased. Voter turnout used to be very best amongst those a while 65 to 74 at 76.0%, whilst the share used to be lowest amongst these a while 18 to 24 at 51.4%.
A form of government in which sure humans are chosen to talk for the people. pursuit of political aims. Which group has a mainly low voter turnout? racial and ethnic minorities and the poor.
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Kingston freestanding greenhouses' manufacturer rewards a reseller's salespeople with $100 for each greenhouse they sell. A spiff is the name given to this unique reward.
Explain about the manufacturer?A manufacturer is a person or business that turns raw materials into finished products using a variety of tools, machinery, and procedures, and then sells those products to consumers, wholesalers, distributors, retailers, or other manufacturers who can use them to make more complicated products.
Producing new things out of parts or raw materials is known as manufacturing. A manufacturer is any business that turns raw materials into finished goods. They promote these goods both to consumers and to other manufacturers who want to create more complex goods, including wholesalers, distributors, retailers, and merchants.
He works for a company that manufactures vehicle parts. to produce items in huge quantities, typically in a factory using machinery. Designing and producing items in compliance with any applicable product legislation's primary health, safety, or other objectives.
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true or false? share capital is the amount of money a company pays to its shareholders in the form of dividends and increased share value.
A company's share capital is the money it gets from selling common or preferred stock. With additional public offerings, a company's share capital or equity financing can fluctuate over time.
Depending on the context, the term "share capital" can mean slightly different things. The definition used by accountants applies to public company balance sheets and is much more narrow. It refers to the company's total revenue from share sales.
Share capital is what kind of capital is it?
Equity share capital and preference share capital are the two types of share capital. Equity share capital is obtained through investor funding, whereas preference share capital is obtained through preference share issuance.
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a.is there deflation? if yes, in what year does it occur? b.calculate the real wage rate in 2011 c.calculate the real interest rate in 2012
Deflation is when the prices of goods and services decrease across the entire economy, increasing the purchasing power of consumers.
What Causes Economic Deflation?Deflation occurs when prices for goods and services fall throughout the whole economy, boosting consumer purchasing power. It is the antithesis of inflation and can be viewed as being detrimental to a country because it can indicate an economic decline that could result in a recession or depression.
Deflation: Why is it a problem?Typically, deflation indicates a deteriorating economy. Because lowering prices result in less consumer spending, a key driver of economic growth, economists worry about deflation. When prices drop, businesses slow down their output, which results in job losses and pay freezes.
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positions such as justice of the peace and county tax assessor are important to a functioning democracy. true or false?
It is a true statement that some positions such as justice of the peace and county tax assessor are important to a functioning democracy.
What is the tax assessor's function?An assessor, also known as a tax assessor, is am elected representative tasked with figuring out the value of each taxable property in a county, municipality, or township in the United States.
Why is tax collection necessary for governments?Generally, tax revenue are essential for governments to function. Real estate, personal property, and income are assessed for taxes by the federal, state, and local governments.
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According to the keynesian view, the proper response to a severe recession would be.
Explanation:
A core principle of Keynesian economics is that the best way to pull an economy out of a recession is for the government to increase demand by infusing the economy with capital. In short, consumption (spending) is the key to economic recovery.
according to various studies, how do trade protections, such as tariffs and quotas, tend to affect domestic society?
According to various studies, how do trade protections, such as tariffs and quotas, tend to affect domestic society
Some trade protections increase government revenues.The cost to consumers and society exceeds the gains to producers and the government.What is trade protection?Protecting native industry from unfair foreign competition is the goal of trade protectionism. Tariffs, subsidies, quotas, and currency manipulation are the four main instruments of trade protectionism.
The most popular protectionist tactic is to impose import taxes in the form of tariffs. As a result, imported goods' prices quickly increase. When compared to products made nearby, they lose some of their competitiveness.
The United States and other nations that import a lot benefit the most from this technique..
complete question
According to various studies, how do trade protections, such as tariffs and quotas, tend to affect domestic society?
Multiple select question.
Some trade protections increase government revenues.
The cost to consumers and society exceeds the gains to producers and the government.
A few producers benefit, but most suffer devastating losses.
Consumers and government benefit while producers experience dwindling profits.
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bill, the hr manager at esposito inc., compiles the company newsletter and in the process coordinates with the managers of other departments. the communication seen in this scenario best exemplifies communication. a.horizontal b.upward c.vertical d.informal e.diagonal
Answer:
horizontal
Explanation:
according to the video, which system establishes currency values based on supply and demand?
Answer: A country with a floating exchange rate is one whose currency price is determined by the forex market based on supply and demand in relation to other currencies. A fixed exchange rate, on the other hand, is set fully or primarily by the government.
Explanation: Which system bases money values on supply and demand?
Under a floating exchange rate system, the value of a nation's currency is set by the supply and demand for that currency in exchange for another in a parallel market run by significant foreign banks.
What is a variable exchange rate system?
In macroeconomics, a flexible exchange-rate system is a monetary system that permits the exchange rate to be determined by supply and demand. Every currency area must
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what term refers to the degree to which power and decision-making authority are concentrated at higher levels of the organization rather than distributed
Centralization refers to the degree to which power and decision-making authority are concentrated at higher levels of the organization rather than distributed.
What do you mean by Centralization?
The process through which an organization's activities, particularly those involving planning, decision-making, and formulating strategy and policies, become concentrated within a specific geographic location group is known as centralization or centralization.The term "centralization" describes a situation in which the authority for making decisions is vested in a small group of individuals at the top of the organizational hierarchy. Top management makes decisions and relays them to lower level managers for implementation.To know more about Centralization here
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Mrs. Jansen is the sole shareholder of mimeo corporation. She also owns the office building that serves as corporate headquarters. Last year, mimeo paid $200,000 annual rent to mrs. Jansen for use of the building. Mimeo's marginal tax rate was 21% and mrs. Jansen's marginal tax rate on ordinary income was 37%. The revenue agent who audited mimeo's return concluded that the fair rental value of the office building was $150,000. Compute the net impact of this audit conclusion on mimeo's income tax liability
The net impact of the given audit conclusion on mimeo's income tax liability is $10,500 increase.
What does tax liability mean?The amount owed to the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) at the end of each tax year is referred to as "tax liability." A person, business, or other entity's tax liability is the total amount of taxes that they owe to the government.
Tax liabilities include things like income taxes, sales taxes, and capital gains taxes. Federal, state, and local governments are just a few of the taxing entities that impose taxes. What you owe in taxes to the IRS or your state government is known as your tax liability. Depending on your income and filing status, you may have to pay income taxes.
Given:
Taxable income increases by $50,000,
increasing tax liability is
= ($50,000 × 21%) = $10,500
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company acquisition for the sole purpose of diversification is normally not a wise financial strategy. question 3 options: a) true b) false
It is false that a company's acquisition for the sole purpose of diversification is normally not a wise financial strategy.
Therefore, False is the appropriate option.
What is Diversification?The process of allocating capital in a way that reduces exposure to any one particular asset or risk is known in finance as diversification. Diversification is frequently achieved by investing in a range of assets, which can help to reduce risk or volatility.
Another strategy used to balance a variety of investments within a portfolio in an effort to reduce portfolio risk is diversification. The most popular method of diversifying a portfolio is to invest in various asset types, such as stocks, bonds, real estate, or cryptocurrency.
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In the city she lives in, the sales tax rate is 7. 15%. In another city, the sales tax rate is 6. 35%. How much more is she spending if she purchases the items in the city where she lives? round to the nearest cent.
In the city she lives in, the sales tax rate is 7. 15%. In another city, the sales tax rate is 6. 35%. She spending if she purchases the items in the city where she lives is round to 2%.
The sales tax rate is a tax paid to a governing body for the sales of certain goods and services. Usually laws allow the seller to collect funds for the tax from the consumer at the point of purchase.
In the city where she lives the sales tax rate is 7. 15%. In another city, the sales tax rate is 6. 35% that means she loses their 2% of total annual salary amount.
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u.s. gaap requires companies to disclose which of the following related to operating segments? multiple select question. a description of the management personnel of each reportable segment. how the entity's reportable segments compare to industry averages. how reportable segments are determined. a description of products or services that generate revenue for each reportable segment.
The following details must be provided in intermediate results for each reporting entity in accordance with U.S. GAAP: revenues from non-internal consumers. Revenues from segments. Profit or loss by segment.
What would you say is a revenue?According to the definition, revenue is the total sum of money obtained through conducting trade and commerce like sales. It is sometimes referred to as sales on the income statement. It is known as the top line since it appears first on any company's income statement.
Do sales constitute revenue?Some businesses incorrectly conflate the phrases sales and revenue. Despite the fact that sales are a source of revenue, not all revenue does. In reality, they are the same for many businesses. However, some businesses consistently generate additional revenue through their daily operations.
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why is it common for it departments to have closets that they do not share with other groups inside the same company
Having a separate storage space for these items can help to ensure that they are properly maintained and organized, and that they are only accessed by authorized personnel.
Why IT departments have separate storage space?It is common for IT departments to have their own designated storage spaces or closets because they often have a lot of equipment and supplies that need to be stored securely and organized in a way that is easily accessible to IT personnel. This can include items such as servers, routers, switches, cables, and other hardware as well as software licenses, documentation, and other materials.This can be especially important in larger organizations where there may be multiple IT teams working on different projects and using different equipment.Additionally, IT equipment can be sensitive and may require special handling and maintenance, so it may be more efficient for IT personnel to have their own dedicated space where they can manage and care for these items.To learn more about IT departments refer :
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although firms may pursue a variety of goals, the assumption that primary goal of strategy is to maximize profits over the long term may be justified by:
The outside pressures on corporations for profitability that arises from (i) sturdy opposition in product markets and (ii) the danger that corporations that don't maximize income could be received via way of means of bureaucracy that do.
The required details for product markets in given paragraph
The product marketplace is the marketplace where very last goods or services are bought to organizations and the public sector. Focusing at the sale of completed goods, it does now no longer encompass buying and selling in uncooked or different intermediate materials. Related, however contrasting, phrases are economic marketplace and labor marketplace. Product marketplace regulation is a time period for the setting of regulations upon the operation of the product marketplace. According to an OECD rating in 1998, English-speak me and Nordic countries had the least-regulated product markets within side the OECD. Product advertising and marketing is sub-area of advertising and marketing this is chargeable for crafting messaging, go-to-marketplace flow, and advertising of a product.
Product advertising and marketing managers also can be worried in defining and sizing goal markets in conjunction with different commercial enterprise stakeholders such as commercial enterprise development and sales in addition to technical features such as product management.
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We can reduce the margin of error in an interval estimate of p by doing any of the following except: a. reducing the confidence coefficient. b. increasing the planning value p* to .5. c. increasing the level of significance. d. increasing the sample size.
Any of the following, with the exception of increasing the sample size, can reduce the margin of error in an interval estimate of p.
What three factors influence a confidence interval's margin of error?The margin of error in a population mean confidence interval estimate is influenced by three factors: size of the sample, population variability, and confidence level.
What are two strategies that will diminish the room for give and take in a certainty stretch?You can make more observations by using a larger sample size. As a result, a smaller interval will surround your sample statistic. You can get a more precise estimate of a population parameter by collecting more data.
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1. Which option is an investment with compound interest?(1 point)
A. a rental property
B. a checking account
C. a mutual fund following the S&P 500
D. a savings account
2. Which of these is considered a financial market?(1 point)
A. Sotheby’s auction
B. New York Stock Exchange
C. J.P. Morgan Chase
D. Ferrari dealership
3. Which of the following is not a characteristic of a typical bank savings account?(1 point)
A. no restrictions on money withdrawals or deposits
B. savings are easily accessible for the customer
C. a high interest rate
D. an average of 0.05% interest with no other restrictions
4. Which of the following are considered to be capital gains?(1 point)
A. the new value of a stock after the market closes
B. the profit earned on the sale of an asset which has increased while it was owned
C. the money lost when a stock is sold for less than it was purchased for
D. the interest earned from a government bond
A mutual fund following the S&P 500 is an investment with compound interest. option(C) is correct
What is the investment?Investment is the ceremonial of money to purchase an asset to attain an increase in value over a time period of time. Investment requires a sacrifice of some present quality, such as time, medium of exchange, or effort. In finance, the purpose of investing is to generate a return from the invested asset.
The interest you earn on interest is known as compound interest. Simple math may be used to demonstrate this: if you have $100 and it generates 5% interest annually, you will have $105 at the end of the first year. You will wind up with $110.25 at the conclusion of the second year.
Therefore, option(C) is correct
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Because of improvements in forecasting techniques, estimating the cash flows associated with a project has become the easiest step in the capital budgeting process.
a. true
b. false
In the capital budgeting process, estimating project cash flows is typically both the most crucial and challenging stage.
Given statement is False.
What are the key factors to consider in capital budgeting?To ascertain whether a capital investment is economically feasible, a number of capital budgeting analysis techniques can be applied. They are the Payback Period, Discounted Payment Period, Net Present Value, Profitability Index, Internal Rate of Return, and Modified Internal Rate of Return.Working capital requirements, project risk, tax considerations, the project's influence on the firm's liquidity, the projected rate of inflation, and expected salvage value are a few of the financial aspects that are thought to be significant when developing cash flow forecasts.Operating income before depreciation less taxes, with the working capital changes taken into account, is the computation. OCF (operating cash flow) is calculated as operating income (revenue minus cost of sales) plus depreciation, taxes, and any changes in working capital.To Learn more About capital budgeting process, refer to:
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lighting co. is planning to fund a project by issuing 15-year zero coupon bonds with a face value of $1,000. assuming semiannual compounding of interest, what will be the price of these bonds if the appropriate discount rate is 10 percent?
$1001.161 will be the price of these bonds if the appropriate discount rate is 10 percent.
What does the term interest mean?The costs associated with borrowing cash and paying somebody to lend you money are referred to as interest. Interest is frequently calculated as such a monthly percentage of the amount borrowed. The interest on the loan is represented by such a percentage.
Briefing:Discount rate (r) = 10%
Semi-annual compounding
Face value = $1000
Period (t) = 15 years
Price of zero-coupon bond (P) :
Face value / ( 1 + r)^t
r = 10%, compounded semianually
r = (10 / 100) = 0.1 / 2 = 0.05
Period (t) = 15 * 2 = 30
P = 1000 / (1 + 0.05)^30
P = 1000 / 1.005^30
P = 1000 / 1.1614
P = 1001.1614
P = $1001.161 ( 3 decimal places)
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an intense struggle to gain market share is a distinguishing characteristic of what type of market?
An intense struggle to gain market share is a distinguishing characteristic of oligopoly.
What is an oligopoly in a market?In a market structure known as an oligopoly, a few major sellers or producers control the majority of the market or industry. In order to increase profits, which can result in corporate collusion, oligopolies frequently emerge. A small number of suppliers control oligopoly markets, which are dominated by them.
All nations and a wide range of industries contain them. Other oligopoly markets are significantly less competitive, though they may at first appear to be so in some cases. Raised entry barriers, price-setting power, non-price competition, firm interdependence, and product differentiation are all characteristics of oligopoly.
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You are putting together your first post-graduation budget. Your take-home pay will be $2,500 per month. You estimate your monthly costs to be rent of $900, car related expenses to be $550, entertainment of $200, food expense of $250, cable bill of $75, mobile phone of $100, student loan payment of $400 and other expense of $150. How would you describe your budget after analyzing all of your income and expenses?
A. You have a surplus of $125.
B. You have a deficit of $125.
C. You have a deficit of $2,625.
D. You have a surplus of $2,500.
The correct answer is A. You have a surplus of $125.
What is income?Income is the money which is earned by individuals or companies through wages, salaries, investments, and other sources. It is the total of all the money earned over a given period of time and is often used to measure an individual or company's financial success. Income is important to individuals and businesses as it is used to pay for living expenses, taxes, and other financial obligations. Income also serves as a measure of economic growth, as it is a key indicator of consumer spending and investment.
This is because the total of your income ($2,500) is greater than the total of your expenses ($2,375). The difference between them is $125 which is your surplus.
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a firm has $60 million in equity and $40 million of debt, it pays dividends of 20% of net income, and it has a net income of $20 million. what is the firm's sustainable growth rate?
The firm's sustainable growth rate, given the net income, and the dividend payout percentage, is 26.67%.
How to find the sustainable growth rate?The highest rate of growth that a business or social enterprise may sustain without using more equity or debt to fund expansion is known as the sustainable growth rate (SGR).
The formula for the sustainable growth rate is therefore :
= Return on equity x ( 1 - Dividend payout percentage )
This is the same as:
= (Net income / Equity ) x ( 1 - Dividend payout percentage )
= 20 / 60 x ( 1 - 20 %)
= 1 / 3 x 80 %
= 26. 67 %
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channel conflict occurred when american airlines decided to terminate its relationship with orbitz and expedia, two online ticketing and travel sites, and sell directly through aa direct connect. this is an example of
Channel conflict occurred when American airlines decided to terminate This is an example of disagreements over how profit margins are distributed among channel members.
When one channel member thinks another channel member is acting in a way that precludes the channel from accomplishing its goals, channel conflict results.
The margins earned for each channel member and the channel as a whole (revenue minus cost) define profits. The essential component of profitability is channel cost.
These expenses include those related to selling, advertising, and distribution for many kinds of marketing channels.
The margins received by each member and by the channel as a whole depend on how much channel members share these costs.
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If you have saved $4,000 in your savings account that earns 0.3% interest annually, what will most likely happen to the purchasing power of your savings over time?
If You have more money, but your purchasing power is lower. You will actually lose money if your savings don't increase at a rate that keeps up with inflation. Hence purchasing power will be $ 4012 .
What is Purchasing power ?If inflation reduces your purchasing power every year when you are retired and living off of your savings, you won't be able to maintain the same level of life. This is particularly true in the United States, where medical costs frequently increase more quickly than other prices.
Long before retiring, inflation can be detrimental. Let's say you are diligently setting aside money for a specific purpose, like a home down payment or a college fund for your kids. While you're saving, your money's purchase power can decrease.
Given in que
Saving $ 4,000
interest = 0.3%
[tex]4000+0.3%= 4,012\\$ 4012\\[/tex]
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what is the reorder point if the usage rate is 10 units per day, the order lead time is five days, and the safety stock is 30? a. 150 b. 400 c. 80 d. 200 e. 50
The reorder point is 80, if the usage rate is 10 units per day, the order lead time is five days, and the safety stock is 30. Hence, option C is correct.
What is the meaning of reorder point?A reorder point, or ROP, is a particular level at which the stock requires replenishment. In order to prevent stock shortages, it advises when to place an order.
The inventory level that prompts a replenishment of that specific stock is known as the reorder point. When a company's inventory of a product drops below a certain level, they must place a new order for the product.
10 * 5 = 50 units
These 50 units are prepared in a week and 30 units were as safety stock.
50 + 30 = 80
Therefore, Option C is correct.
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when conducting market research, what type of data is used when existing data is unavailable or inadequate?
When conducting market research, primary data is used when existing data is unavailable or inadequate
What is primary data in marketing research?The typical primary data that a marketer looks for is data that is tailored to their goals. Depending on how much and what kind of information the business is interested in, a primary data collection technique will be used. Surveys, focus groups, interviews, observational research, and field research make up the five main research methods.
Because primary data is specifically aimed at research objective, it can answer questions that secondary data may not be able to. Because it was compiled more recently, the material is more trustworthy and pertinent. Primary research is frequently used when people and organizations need to get feedback directly from target markets rather than relying on already available data.
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