If the element has a half-life of 30 years, the time it takes only until 1 percent of the element remains is around 199.3 years.
Half-life is the time taken for an unstable isotope to decay into half of its original value.
Given that:
Half-life (t1/2) = 30 yearsInitial amount = N0Final amount = NN = 1% N0h = number of half-cyclesN = N0 (1/2)^h
N/N0 = (1/2)^h
N/N0 = 1/100 (since N is 1% of N0), so
1/100 = (1/2)^h
log (1/100) = hlog(1/2)
h = log(1/100) / log(1/2)
= log(100)/log(2)
The time needed = h * t/2 = log(100)/log(2) * 30 years
= 199.3 years
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What lab-grown part of the human body is being tested in human subjects for the first time?.
Red blood cells are the lab-grown part of the human body being tested in human subjects for the first time.
In a groundbreaking clinical trial, red blood cells that have been generated in a laboratory have now been transfused into another person. The donor's stem cells were used to generate the artificial blood cells. The RESTORE randomised controlled clinical experiment involved the transfusion of the red cells into volunteers. RESTORE is a research initiative comprising various institutions.
In the trial, researchers are comparing the longevity of lab-grown cells to injections of regular red blood cells from the same donor. The trial team anticipates that the lab-grown blood cells will function better than a comparable transfusion of conventionally donated red blood cells, which contains cells of varying ages because they are all brand-new.
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mendel's laws of inheritance are used in family planning to uncover in parents that may cause inherited disease in possible offspring. need help? review these concept resources.
Alleles that may cause inherited disorders to be passed on to subsequent generations.
How are diseases transmitted?Some diseases can spread when an infected talks, coughs, or coughing or sneezing and the minute droplet they release are in fact tainted with bacteria. The droplets barely travel a short distance before falling. The droplets could fall and contaminate a surface or object, or they could fall and pollute surrounding people.
What leads to illness?The most prevalent offenders are viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites. Infectious diseases are typically spread by contact with contaminated food or drink, bug bites, or all three of these methods. The severity of contagious diseases can range from extremely minor to very dangerous.
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If bugs did disperse there are trade-offs. What is one potential cost and one potential benefit from dispersing from one plant to another?.
If bugs do disperse from one plant to another, there are going to be benefits as well as harms/costs.
Bugs like to feed on plants. I think it is an obvious observation. This means that If bugs are to move from one plant to another, they are going to leave behind a mess of half-eaten plants that are then definitely not good for any use of ours. This is one potential cost.
Bugs like butterflies and honeybees that also use plants for their food travel around with one very important thing on them. These important things are the seeds of those plants/flowers they feed on. Since they carry these on themselves everywhere, these seeds fall down sometimes and cause new plants to go from there then. This is one potential benefit.
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explain how collagen synthesis occurs, including steps that occur inside the cell and outside the cell.
The final step in the collagen synthesis pathway, the formation of the collagen fibril, is produced by the extracellular copper-dependent enzyme lysyl oxidase.
What is collagen synthesis?Collagen synthesis mostly takes place in fibroblasts, specialized cells that produce collagen and stroma as their primary purpose. Both intracellularly and extracellularly, collagen is produced.The nascent collagen polypeptide chain undergoes (1) cotranslational prolyl-4- and lysyl-hydroxylation in the rough endoplasmic reticulum (rER), (2) glycosylation and prolyl-3-hydroxylation, and (3) folding of the C- and N-terminal propeptides.The creation of collagen requires vitamin C in the strictest sense. Prolyl hydroxylase (to stabilize the collagen molecule) and lysyl hydroxylase, two enzymes necessary for collagen synthesis, both depend on vitamin C as an important cofactor (to give structural strength cross-linking).The four main stages of these processes are initiation, unwinding, primer synthesis, and elongation.To learn more about collagen synthesis refer to:
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select the characteristics that correctly describe uniporters and ion channels. ion channels act as enzymes. ion chann
Movement of ions or molecules is more rapid through the channels than the unip .
Ion channels are transmembrane protein complex that allow ions to pass through the central channel pore they allow movement across concentration gradient. A channel protein can mediate the passive transfer of millions of ions . Thus, channels catalyze the transmembrane flux of ions, fulfilling criteria associated with enzymes.
Ion pumps are produced from ion channels these ion pumps actively transport ions against a concentration gradient, while ion channels allow ions to passively flow down a concentration gradient.
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If a homozygous white horse cwcw and a homozygous black horse cbcb are bred together, what is the likelihood that their offspring will be roan with both colors represented in their hair if this gene follows a codominant inheritance pattern?.
If the genes follow a codominant inheritance pattern, there is a 100% chance that the offspring will be roan.
What is co-dominance with an example?Co-dominance is a form of inheritance in which alleles of a pair of genes are fully expressed in heterozygotes. As a result, the child's phenotype is a combination of the parent's phenotypes. Hence, the trait possess neither dominance nor recessive. In genetics terms, codominance refers to a pattern of inheritance in which two versions (alleles) of the same gene are expressed separately to produce different traits in an individual.If a person has both her IA and IB antigens on his surface, that person's blood type is his AB. In human, the AB blood type is an illustration of codominance. In blood group AB, phenotypic effects of both IA and IB alleles are observed.What is the difference between dominant and codominant?In perfect dominance, only one allele of the genotype is present in the phenotype. In codominant cases, both alleles of a genotype are present in the phenotype. In imperfect dominance, the phenotype exhibits a mixture of genotypic alleles.
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A ______ is synthesized from cholesterol and can diffuse across the plasma membrane.
Proteins are synthesized from cholesterol and can diffuse across the plasma membrane.
What are proteins?Numerous building ingredients known as amino acids are used to construct proteins. To provide amino acids for the development and maintenance of our cells and tissues, our body needs nutritional protein. Our needs for protein in our diet fluctuate as we age. Adults should take at least 0.83 g of protein per kilogramme of body weight per day, or 58 g for a 70 kg adult, according to the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). The quality and digestibility of plant- and animal-based proteins varies, but most people don't usually care as long as their intake of total protein matches their needs. We ought to try to eat protein from a variety of sources that is good for the earth and for our health.
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A steroid hormone can diffuse across the plasma membrane and is created from cholesterol.
What category of hormones are created from cholesterol?The adrenal cortex, the testicles, and the ovaries are the three "steroid glands" that create a group of hormones collectively known as "steroid hormones." Additionally, throughout pregnancy, the placenta secretes steroid hormones. Cholesterol serves as the precursor to all steroid hormones.
Which hormone class comes from cholesterol and can pass through cell membranes?Cholesterol is used to make steroid hormones. Thyroid hormone and steroid hormones both dissolve in lipids. Other hormones generated from amino acids all dissolve in water. In order to connect with an intracellular receptor, hydrophobic hormones can diffuse through the membrane.
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Dna replication is described as blank______ because dna replication proceeds outward from two replication forks.
Because DNA replication spreads from two replication forks, it is referred to as blank Template strands.
Do DNA replication forks have two?
Figure 1 illustrates how replication occurs along the two single strands simultaneously but in opposing orientations when the double helix unwinds (i.e., left to right on one strand, and right to left on the other). As a result, two replication forks are created, which travel along the DNA and continue to replicate.
Two replication forks join to make what?Replication forks are Y-shaped structures that form as the DNA splits open. Due to the binding of two helicases, two replication forks are formed at the start of replication. As replication progresses, these forks are extended in both directions, creating a replication bubble.
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treatment of infection with clostridium tetani includes cleaning the wound, antimicrobials and: group of answer choices blood transfusions. passive immunization. both active and passive immunization. active immunization. both passive immunization and blood transfusions.
Treatment of infection with clostridium tetani includes cleaning the wound, antimicrobials and both active and passive immunization.
Tetanus immunization is part of the DTaP (diphtheria, tetanus, and acellular pertussis) vaccinations. A tetanus infection requires emergency care . Treatment may include wound care, medications to ease symptoms care in intensive care unit.
When Tetanus develop you need to take hospital treatment immediately and some course of antibiotics, and it is also mandatory to take injection of tetanus antitoxin. Medications such as chlorpromazine or diazepam to control muscle spasms, or a short-acting barbiturate for sedation.
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Which direction and traits would a scientist who studies the genetic engineering of crops, and is working to create GMOs- most likely try to do to and find for the studied crop?
The traits in which a scientist who studies the genetic engineering of crops, and is working to create GMOs will most likely try to do to and find for the studied crop is tolerance to diseases and drought and high yield.
What is GMO?This is also known as genetically modified organism and it is referred to as a scientific method in which the genetic material has been altered so as to incorporate favorable traits through genetic engineering.
Most scientists look in the direction of traits such as tolerance to disease and drought during this process as it helps to increase the survival chances as more resistant varieties are produced.
There is also an increase in the yield of the crops as traits which favor high production rate are studied and used.
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the kingdom monera has been separated into two domains, the archaea, and the bacteria. which of the following was most important in prompting scientists to change the way these organisms were classified?
Prokaryotic nature (does not have a membrane-bound nucleus) is the main characteristic used in classifying kingdom monera into archaea and bacteria.
How many types of kingdom monera?Kingdom monera is classified into three sub-kingdoms - Archaebacteria, eubacteria, and cyanobacteria.
What are the Characteristics of Monera ?They contain 70S ribosomes DNA and is not bound by a nuclear membrane. It lacks organelles like mitochondria, lysosomes, plastids, Golgi bodies, endoplasmic reticulum, and centrosome. They reproduce by binary fission or budding. Lives in anaerobic or aerobic conditions.
They are generally unicellular. These are environmental decomposers and mineralizers. They have different modes of nutrition - autotrophic (photoautotrophs or chemoautotrophs), heterotropic, parasitic, saprophytic, and symbiotic.
Examples of monera include: blue-green algae (Cyanobacteria), cocci-shaped bacteria- Streptococcus, bacillus-shaped bacteria- E-coli, vibrio-shaped- vibrio cholera, spiral-shaped bacteria- Trepanoma palladium.
Hence scientists divide monera into 3 sub kingdoms based on the mode of nutrition, cellular organization, etc.
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due to various causes, including ddt poisoning, the population size of whooping cranes was reduced to about two dozen during the 1940s. the population size has since rebounded, and there are now hundreds of whooping cranes. one would expect very low levels of genetic variation in the current populations of whooping cranes.
The phenomenon that would not be seen in the population of cranes after they rebounded the low population due to DDT poisoning is: (3) considerable genetic polymorphism.
DDT stands for Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane. It is a chemical that was extensively used as an insecticide earlier. However, it was banned later in majority of the countries due to its harmful side-effects on humans due to the extensive use.
Genetic polymorphism is the phenomenon where two or more form of a DNA sequence appears among a group of individuals or different populations. The most appropriate example of genetic polymorphism is the ABO blood grouping system.
The given question is incomplete, the complete question is:
Due to various causes, including DDT poisoning, the population size of whooping cranes was reduced to about two dozen during the 1940s. The population size has since rebounded, and there are now hundreds of whooping cranes. Which of the following would you NOT expect to see in whooping cranes?
very low levels of genetic variation. very few heterozygous individuals;considerable genetic polymorphism.all of the above would be seen in whooping cranes.To know more about genetic polymorphism, here
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a secretion produced by certain cells of the alveoli that reduces the surface tension of water molecules, thus preventing the collapse of the alveoli after each expiration is a/an:
Alveolar Surface Tension is Reduced by Pulmonary Surfactant. A lipoprotein substance known as surfactant is secreted by type II alveolar cells.
What use do alveoli serve?While breathing in and out, oxygen and nutrients are exchanged between the blood and alveoli in the lungs. When oxygen is inhaled from the air, it gets to the body's tissues via the alveoli, blood, and structures inside the body.
What components make up alveoli?An alveolus is made up of an extracellular matrix encircled by capillaries, a layer of simple columnar mucosa (very thin, flattened cells), and also an epithelial layer. The alveolar membrane, sometimes known as the oxygen diffuses, which permits the exchange of gases, includes the epithelial lining.
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low extracellular ph activates trpv1 through the binding of h ions to trpv1. describe the properties, including the location, of the site of trpv1 that allow h ions to bind. describe the specific location in the cell where atf3 protein is produced.
TRPV1 property TRPV1 protein is a ligand-gated ion channel that consists of several transmembrane domains embedded in the membrane, as well as a carboxy-terminus and an amino-terminus that are both present inside the cell ( cytosolic side ).
What is a binding site?The region of an enzyme's surface (or receptor, or binding or transport protein) that contains the substrate or product (or other ligand).
The TRPV1 property TRPV1 protein is a ligand-gated ion channel composed of several transmembrane domains embedded in the membrane, as well as a carboxy-terminus and an amino-terminus found within the cell ( cytosolic side ).
In human cells, this causes division to halt and apoptosis to occur. ATF3 is a cAMP-dependent transcription factor that is encoded by the ATF3 gene located within the nucleus.
Thus, this is the the specific location in the cell where ATF3 protein is produced.
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Some researchers suggest that ______ molecules were the first information molecules formed on early earth.
The first RNA molecule capable of self-replication, according to the RNA universe hypothesis, is what gave rise to life on Earth.
What do you mean by RNA hypothesis?In the 1960s, Leslie Orgel, Francis Crick, and Carl Woese proposed the RNA World Hypothesis. It suggests that ancient living forms may have stored their genetic information exclusively in RNA.
The phrase "RNA World" was originally used in an article written by Harvard molecular scientist Walter Gilbert in 1986. Because RNA was a rather unstable molecule, the concept proposes that DNA eventually evolved into the genetic material as a result of evolution. The RNA World Hypothesis states that RNA was the main form of life approximately 4 billion years ago. This is partly because RNA can act as both genes and enzymes.
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Please help me I dont understand this
Answer:
true
Explanation:
an infant who appeared normal at birth began to develop lethargy, hypothermia, and apnea within 24 hours. an analysis of blood components indicated high levels of ammonia and citrulline, and low levels of urea. the most likely defective enzyme in this child is which one of the following?
An infant who appeared normal at birth began to develop lethargy, hypothermia, and apnea within 24 hours. N-acetyleglutamate functions as an allosteric activator for carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase.
Hypothermia is caused by prolonged exposure to very low temperatures. When exposed to cold temperatures, the body loses heat faster than it can generate it. Prolonged exercise eventually depletes the body's stored energy.
Hypothermia is a potentially fatal condition and should be treated promptly. If you or a loved one is suffering from the effects of hypothermia, it is important to contact a New York maritime attorney for more information about your rights. ,
Depends on several factors, including whether the cold exposure is in the air or in the water, how cold the temperature is, and the person's underlying health and age. Hypothermia can develop slowly within minutes to hours or over days to weeks, depending on conditions.5. Temperature.
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Question 4. What doe starch and sucrose have to be broken down into for cells to use as energy?
Answer:
In turn, animals eat these sugars and starches, break them back down into glucose, and use the energy within the bonds of glucose to power our cells.
Explanation:
In humans, earlobes that are suspended are dominant over those that are attached. If a
mother has suspended earlobes (but her mother did not) and the father has attached
earlobes, what are the chances that their first child will have attached earlobes? What
about the fourth child?
Projections of loose connective tissue from the dermis, which extend upward between the adjacent ridges of the epidermis, are called.
Papillae, also known as dermal papillae, are projections of loose connective tissue from the dermis that rise upward between the surrounding epidermal ridges.
What do the dermal projections of free connective tissue represent?Loose areolar connective tissue makes up the papillary portion of the dermis. Its finger-like extensions, known as papillae, which reach toward the epidermis and contain terminal networks of blood capillaries, gave rise to its name.
What kind of connective tissue comprises the skin's dermis?Deep beneath the epidermis and lying on top of the subcutaneous fat layer is the dermis, a layer of connective tissue with mesenchymal origin. [1] The dermis is mostly fibrous in composition and is made up of elastic and collagen fibres.
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Which substance made during photosynthesis is an energy carrier during the process?
A. ATP
B. C6H12O6
C. O2
D. H2O
Dna replication is described as blank______ because dna replication proceeds outward from two replication forks.
DNA replication is described as blank bidirectional because DNA replication proceeds outward from two replication forks.
What is meant by DNA?Humans and nearly all other species carry their genetic information in DNA, also known as deoxyribonucleic acid. The DNA of an individual can be found in almost all of their cells.
DNA is often referred to as deoxyribonucleic acid due to its structure. Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine, and Thymine make up the phosphate backbone of the nucleic acid, while Pentose Sugar makes up the deoxyribose part. Deoxyribose lacks the -OH group at position 2 of the sugar ring.
DNA is a collection of molecules that is in charge of transporting and passing genetic information from parents to offspring. This holds true for viruses as well because the majority of these organisms have either RNA or DNA as part of their genetic makeup.
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Which of the following is not a method of culturing viruses?
a. in laboratory animals
b. in culture media
c. in embryonated eggs
d. in cell culture
e. none of the above
In lifestyle media technique the culturing viruses isn't allowed is option (B) is correct. A viral lifestyle is a check to discover viruses that could reason an contamination. A pattern of frame fluid or tissue is amassed and delivered to sure cells used to develop a deadly disease.
If no virus infects the cells, the lifestyle is negative. Cultivation of Viruses. Viruses may be grown in vivo (inside an entire dwelling organism, plant, or animal) or in vitro (outdoor a dwelling organism in cells in an synthetic environment, which includes a check tube, mobileular lifestyle flask, or agar plate).
Some viruses are confined withinside the forms of cells wherein they replicate, and some have now no longer but been cultivated in any respect below laboratory conditions. However, maximum viruses are grown in cultured cells, embryonated hen's eggs, or laboratory animals. If a deadly disease that could reason contamination infects the cells, the lifestyle is positive.
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the term currently used by the medical profession for a condition in which a person’s chromosomal, gonadal, or anatomical sex develops atypically is . . .
The term currently used by the medical profession for a condition in which a person’s chromosomal, gonadal, or anatomical develops atypically is pseudohermaphrodism.
Gonadal improvement is a genetically controlled process by means of the chromosomal intercourse (XX or XY) which directs the formation of the gonad (ovary or testis). Differentiation of the gonads calls for a tightly regulated cascade of genetic, molecular and morphogenic activities.
Gonadal development is the result of a complicated interaction among chromosomes and hormones. humans have forty six chromosomes in each cellular of their our bodies, or 23 pairs. The twenty third pair determines our gender; women generally have X chromosomes, while men commonly have one X and one Y chromosome.
Gonadal dysgenesis is assessed as any congenital developmental ailment of the reproductive device in the male or woman. it's far the bizarre development of the gonads in an embryo, with reproductive tissue changed with functionless, fibrous tissue, termed streak gonads.
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1. Before you recycle things, you need to
2. If you can't something then you should recycle it
A researcher measures the length of an earthworm several
times. She records the following measurements: 125 mm,
119.3 mm, 128.61 mm, 129 mm.
The actual length of the earthworm is 126 mm. Which measurement is the
most accurate?
O A. 125 mm
B. 119.3 mm
C. 128.61 mm
OD. 129 mm
Answer: A because it is the closest to 126mm. *I hoped that helped*
to assess the effects of exercise on reducing cholesterol, a researcher took a random sample of fifty people from a local gym who exercised regularly over the past year and another random sample of fifty people from the surrounding community who did not exercise regularly during the past year. they all reported to a clinic to have their cholesterol measured. the subjects were unaware of the purpose of the study, and the technician measuring the cholesterol was not aware of whether subjects exercised regularly. which of the following best describes the inferences the researcher can make based on his results?
He is able to draw conclusions about the sampled populations, but not regarding cause and effect.
How may an inference be justified?Inference is defined as "a conclusion or judgment also supported by facts or evidence." According to our definition, inference is a logical step which enables one to draw a conclusion from data or reasoning. That indicates that it is a reasonable assumption and is comparable to a finding or a deduction.
What is an example of inference in research?Through the process of inference, a conclusion is arrived at with a certain amount of probability in relation to the available evidence, but not with absolute certainty. Estimating population totals, average, and proportions is a descriptive application.
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Nutrients that are made by living things, are required only in small amounts, and that assist many chemical reactions are.
Nutrients that are made by living things, are required only in small amounts, and that assist many chemical reactions in the body are vitamins.
Vitamins and minerals are part of an essential nutrients group called as micronutrients. Vitamins can be termed as vitamin A, vitamin C, and vitamin D. These together plays a vital role in the regulation of chemical reaction in the body. They are part of enzyme cofactors.
Vitamins has a key role as coenzymes, and organic molecules those have the chemical reactions catalyzed by enzymes. On the other hand Enzymes are proteins that catalyze chemical reactions in the body and are involved in vast array of body functions .
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consider two mammalian cells, one in g1 and the other in g0 phase. if they are both exposed to a mitogen, but the mitogen is then immediately removed, what would you expect to happen?
Even if the mitogen is removed, it will still trigger the cell in the G0 phase to enter the G1 phase. The division process is gonna get faster in the call in the G1 phase.
Mitogen is a small bioactive protein that triggers the cells to start dividing i.e., start the process of mitogenesis. The G0 phase is when the cells are in a state of rest. It does perform its functions but does that without actively dividing. In the G1 phase, the cells accumulate enough protein in order to undergo mitosis in the near future.
If the cells are exposed to mitogen, even for a brief while, the cell in the G0 phase will enter the G1 phase. The cell in the G1 phase will enter the G2 phase.
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How do heterotrophs obtain energy? how is this different from how autotrophs obtain energy?.
Heterotrophs must obtain their energy from other living things, whereas autotrophs can harness the sun's energy.
Organisms can be categorized into two main groups: autotrophs and heterotrophs, based on how they receive energy and nutrients. Because they can manufacture their own food from raw materials and energy, autotrophs are referred to as producers. Numerous varieties of bacteria, plants, and algae are examples.
When an organism uses other plants or animals for food and energy, it is referred to as a heterotroph. Heterotrophs are a group of organisms that are found in the second and third tiers of a food chain, and their name derives from the Greek terms hetero, which means "other," and troponin. Each food chain is composed of three trophic levels, which describe an organism's role in an ecosystem. Autotrophs, which include plants and algae, make up the first trophic level of the food chain. Herbivores—animals that eat plants—dwell on the second level. Omnivores and carnivores (animals that eat meat) live on the third level (animals that consume both plants and meat). Primary consumers (herbivores) and secondary consumers (carnivores and omnivores) are both heterotrophs, which means "nutrition," whereas primary producers are autotrophs.
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