All halogen elements exist as diatomic molecules: F2, Cl2, etc. The intermolecular attractions between one molecule and its neighbors are van der Waals dispersion forces these forces cause an increase in boiling points down the group.
The size of the molecules increases down the group. This increase in size means an increase in the strength of the van der Waals forces.
B.P (°C) F < Cl < Br < I < At
-188 - 35 58 184 337
The boiling points of F2, Cl2, Br2, and I2 are determined by the magnitude of the intermolecular dispersion forces. The larger the atom, the higher the polarizability of the electron cloud and the greater the dispersion force. Hydrogen bonding between water molecules. The presence of hydrogen bonds greatly increases the boiling point of a substance. A plot of the hydride boiling points for group 4 shows a steady increase as you go down the group from CH4 to SnH4.
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Temperature is a measure of the _______ energy of the molecules within a substance.
Answer:
average kinetic energy
Explanation:
I WILL GIVE BRAINLIEST PLEASE HELP CHEMISTRY
Use what you know about electronegativity to predict the relative strength of the bond between CaO (Calcium Oxide) and NiO (Nickel II Oxide).
A reducing agent ( gains / loses ) electrons while an oxidizing agent ( gains / loses ) electrons
In an endothermic reaction the total bond energy in the reactants is (greater / less than)
the bond energy of the products so energy is (released / absorbed ) by the reaction
Balance the following decomposition reaction:
5__ Al2O3 → _5_Al + _3_O2
Answer: make it paragraph form lol
Explanation: i really want 30 points
The density of WATER is 1gmL. Is the unlabeled clear liquid WATER? Why or why not? Pls explain
Yes, the unlabeled clear liquid water has a density of 1 gram/liter.
What is density?Density refers to the mass of an object in unit volume of a substance. The formula for density can be represented as density = Mass / Volume. Density is expressed in grams / cubic centimeter. A common unit of measurement for water's density is gram per milliliter i.e. 1 g/ml or 1 gram per cubic centimeter i.e. 1 g/cm3.
So the exact density of water is not 1 g/ml, but rather less at 0.99 g/ml at 4° Celsius which is about 39.2° Fahrenheit. Water is an inorganic, transparent, odorless, and colorless chemical substance that is the main constituent of the hydrosphere of the earth and the fluids of all living organisms. It is important for all forms of life despite providing no food, energy, or organic micro-nutrients.
So we can conclude that the unlabeled clear liquid water has 1 gram/liter of density.
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Students are observing particles moving against the concentration gradient in a lab investigation. Which type of transport are they observing?.
Observing particles moving against the concentration gradient in a lab investigation. this type of transport are they observing is active transport.
The active transport can be as the movement of the particles from lower concentration to the higher concentration are on the opposite in the direction of the concentration gradient. in the given condition the particles are moving in the against the concentration gradient in an investigation so, this is an active transport. The active transport are of two types : the primary active transport and the secondary active transport.
Thus, Observing particles moving against the concentration gradient in a lab investigation. this type of transport are they observing is active transport.
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Reasons as to why the carbon electrodes require continual replacement
Answer:
Oxygen reacts with the carbon anode to form carbon dioxide. Therefore, the anode gradually oxidizes. They must be replaced frequently, which increases the cost of aluminum production.
if you wish to prepare a 1.72 m solution of nano3, to what volume (in liters) would you have to dilute 31.9 ml of 3.45 m nano3?
To prepare a 1.72 m solution of nano3, the volume (in liters) which would you have to dilute 31.9 ml of 3.45 m NaNO3 is 63.9 ml.
This problem can be solved by using the concept of molarity.
What is Molarity?Molarity is defined as the ratio of moles of solute to the volume of solution.
Mathematically,
Molarity = moles of solute / volume of solution
Step 1 : Calculation of molesGiven,
Concentration of NaNO3 = 3.45 m
Volume of NaNO3 = 31.9 ml
As we know that,
Concentration = mole / volume
By substituting all the values, we get
3.45 m = mole / 31.9
Mole = 3.45 × 31.9
Moles of NaNO3 = 110.05 mol
Step 2 : Calculation of VolumeMoles of NaNO3 = 110.05 mol
Molarity of NaNO3 = 1.72 m
By substituting all the values, we get
1.72 m = 110.05 / volume
Volume = 110.05 / 1.72 = 63.9 ml
Thus, we concluded that to prepare a 1.72 m solution of nano3, the volume (in liters) which would you have to dilute 31.9 ml of 3.45 m NaNO3 is 63.9 ml.
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The bond formed between two nonmetals, which are usually very similar in their tendency to lose or gain electrons, is the _____ bond. This bond involves the _____ of one or more electron pairs between the two atoms.
The bond formed between two nonmetals, which are usually very similar in their tendency to lose or gain electrons, is the covalent bond. This bond involves the sharing of one or more electron pairs between the two atoms.
What is covalent bond?
A covalent bond is formed when two atoms exchange one or more pairs of electrons. The two atomic nuclei are concurrently drawing these electrons to them. When the difference between the electronegativities of two atoms is too tiny for an electron transfer to take place to create ions, a covalent bond is formed.
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Fill in the blanks
In locations ______ above sea level such as Denver, Colorado, the atmospheric pressure is ______ because the air is less dense. This means that it takes ______ thermal energy to get a liquid to boil in these locations.
In locations one mile above sea level such as Denver, Colorado, the atmospheric pressure is less than 1 atm because the air is less dense. This means that it takes 95 °C thermal energy to get a liquid to boil in these locations
There are small molecule of air in the atmosphere and these molecules combine and form different layer in the atmosphere which create some kind of pressure and the pressure create by the air molecule layer is known to be the atmospheric pressure which is exerted by everything in the atmosphere and less pressure will decreases the temprature for water boiling point
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f
8. Which property would be least helpful
in determining whether a
substance is a metal or a
nonmetal?
a. conductivity
b. luster
d.
c. ductility
d. state
9.Which is an example of a nonmetal?
a. copper
b. phosphorus
c. mercury
cadmium
10. An element near argon in the periodic
table would probably be
a. a good electrical conductor.
b. a poor heat conductor.
c. solid at room temperature.
d. shiny and malleable.
11. The unit cm³ is used to express
a. length.
b. mass.
c. volume.
d. time.
12. The conversion factor
1L
10³ mL
be used to change
a. milliliters to liters.
b. liters to milliliters.
would
8. Luster would be the least helpful property in determining whether a substance is a metal or non-metal.
What is Luster?
Luster is a type of physical property which helps in determining whether a substance is capable of reflecting light from their surface and then it would decide if it is lustrous or not.9. Phosphorus is the identified non-metal here.
What is a non-metal?
Non-metal materials are the type of elements that do not produce any kind of heat or electricity or simply that cannot be molded from it existing property.10. An element near Argon in the periodic table would probably be a poor heat conductor.
What is a periodic table?
A periodic table is consists of chemical elements and are arranged in a manner, depending on their particular feature called, Atomic Number.11. The unit cm3 is used to express Volume.
What do you mean by the unit cm3?
The unit cm3 means A Cubic Centimeter, It is a unit of distance or length.12. The conversion factor 1L/103L would be used to change Liters to Milliliters.
What are Liters and Milliliters?
Liters and Milliliters are used to measure the amount of a substance in its liquid form.To learn more about Elements, Periodic Table, Metals and Non-metals, check this link:
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Commercial grade hcl solutions are typically 39. 0% (by mass) hcl in water. Determine the molarity of the hcl, if the solution has a density of 1. 20 g/ml.
The molarity of the HCl, if the solution has a density of 1. 20 g/ml will be 12.83 M
% of HCL in the solution = 39.0 %
Density of the solution = 1.20 g/ml
Molarity of HCL = ?
Volume of the solution is not given so we take it as 1.0 L
Calculate the mass of silution
mass = density × volume
mass of solution = 1.20 g/ml × 1000 ml/L × 1.0 L
mass of solution = 1200 g
Calculate the mass of HCl
38 % = 38 g / 100 g
mass of HCl = 1200 g (39 g / 100 g)
mass of HCl = 1200g × 0.39 g
mass of HCl = 468 g
Now calculate the number of moles of HCl
number of moles = mass / molar mass
number of moles of HCl = 468 g / 36.46 g
number of moles of HCl = 12.83 mol
Calculate molarity
molarity = number of moles of solute / volume L
molraty HCl = 12.83 mol / 1 L
molarity of HCl = 12.83 mol/L or 12.83 M
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What is the bond order of Br2?
Answer:
this one is 1
Explanation:
The bond order of Br2 is 1.
What is bond order?
Bond order defines the number of chemical bonds between a pair of atoms and is a measure of a bond's stability.
A single covalent bond between two atoms has a bond order of 1, a double covalent bond has a bond order of 2, a triple covalent bond has a bond order of 3, and so on.To determine the bond order if the molecule has more than two atoms:Depict the Lewis framework.Count all the ties together.Determine the total number of bond groups spanning each atom.Subtract the quantity of atom-to-atom bonds from the total number of bond groups in the molecule.A molecule cannot form if the bond order is zero.More electron attraction is indicated by a high bond order. The atoms are bound together more firmly when there is a greater bond order. Because there is less electron attraction when the bond order is lower, the atoms are held together more loosely.Bond order also reveals the bond's stability. The more electrons binding the atoms together, the higher the bond order, and the higher the stability.Since bromine only needs one more electron to complete an octet, it will work tirelessly to acquire it. A bromine atom joins with another bromine atom to do this through a covalent connection.
Hence bond order of Br2 is 1
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What substance did the plant most likely absorb from the water for the process that produces the oxygen gas? How do you know?
The plant most likely absorb from the water for the process that produces the oxygen gas is Carbon Dioxide .
What is photosynthesis ?
Photosynthesis is defined as the processes that bring about the manufacturing of food by green plants.
Food is complex energy-rich organic matter which living organisms feed on to obtain nutrients, substances necessary for life. Green plants which are known as autotrophs has the ability to produce their own food through the process of photosynthesis.
The main features of photosynthesis include:
It takes place in the chloroplasts of plants, in the presence of sunlight.
The energy needed for the process is gotten from sunlight which is absorbed by chlorophyll found in the chloroplasts.
The raw materials used are low-energy containing inorganic compounds, example: carbon dioxide and water.
The final products are high-energy containing sugars. oxygen is given off as a waste product.
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chemical analysis of a natural organic compound important in the synthesis of cholesterol, steroids, and vitamin d in the human body is found to be 87.73% c and 12.27% h by mass. mass spectrometry data give its molecular mass of the compound as 410 u. based on the general relation (molecular formula)
If mass spectrometry data give its molecular mass of the compound as 410 u, then the empirical formula units in the molecular formula will be 10.
% mass of C in vitamin D present in the human body = 87.73 %
% mass of H in vitamin D present in the human body = 12.27 %
Molecular mass of the compound = 410 u
Empirical formula units in the molecular formula = ?
Calculate the empirical units of C and H
empirical units = percentage / atomic weight
empirical units of C = 87.73 / 12
empirical units of C = 7.3
empirical units of H = 12.27 / 1
empirical units of C = 12.27
Divide the formula units by the least value and multiply by 3
empirical formula units of C = 7.3 / 7.3 × 3
empirical formula units of C = 3
empirical formula units of H = 12.27 / 7.3 × 3
empirical formula units of H = 5
So empirical formula units = C₃H₅
Calculate the empirical formula mass
emperical formula mass = 3 × 12 + 5 × 1
emperical formula mass = 41
Calculate the empirical formula units
empirical formula units = molecular mass / empirical mass
empirical formula units = 410 / 41
empirical formula units = 10
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which of the following is true about the desired alkene and the by-product triphenylphosphine oxide in this experiment?
Both the desirable alkene and the unwanted triphenylphosphine oxide dissolve in DCM in this experiment. Triphenylphosphine (IUPAC name: triphenylphosphane).
is a typical organophosphorus substance with the formula P(C6H5)3, often known as PPh3 or Ph3P. The synthesis of organic and organometallic compounds makes extensive use of it. Colorless crystals of PPh3 are relatively air stable is called Triphenylphosphine.
A hydrocarbon with a carbon-carbon double bond is known as an alkene in organic chemistry. Any hydrocarbon with one or more double bonds is referred to as an alkene, which is frequently used as a synonym for an olefin. A hydrocarbon with a carbon-carbon double bond is known as an alkene in organic chemistry.
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in this process, the systems undergo which of the following changes? in this process, the systems undergo which of the following changes? phase changes only temperature changes only both phase and temperature changes neither phase nor temperature changes
In this process, the systems undergo phase and temperature changes.
Hence , option C is correct.
How does this happens?
In this process, ice is melted to water thus, it's phase changes.
After mixing ice temperature of the tea goes down. Thus, temperature of the system also changes.
Therefore, in the process both phase and temperature change.
Phase Change = There are three types of phases solid, liquid, or gas. Melting, freezing, evaporating, condensing, sublimation, and deposition are the six ways a substance can transition between these three phases.
Temperature Change = Temperature change on the other hand can be defined as sudden increase or decrease in the temperature.
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the arrangement of atoms in several biologically important molecules is given here. complete the lewis structures of these molecules by adding multiple bonds and lone pairs. do not add any more atoms. (a) amino acid serine (c) urea (c) uracil (b) pyruvic acid
When figuring out whether to place a double or triple bond you should always look at the number of valence electrons present as well as the number of bonds a central atom is likely to form. Another good way to know whether to use double or single bonds is to calculate the formal charge on each atom in the molecule.
What is Lewis structure of molecules?
Lewis structures, often referred to as Lewis dot formulas, Lewis dot structures, electron dot structures, or Lewis electron dot structures (LEDS), are diagrams that depict the interactions of atoms inside molecules as well as any lone pairs of electrons that may be present. Any molecule with a covalent link, as well as coordination compounds, can have a Lewis structure. Gilbert N. Lewis, who first described it in his 1916 article The Atom and the Molecule, gave the Lewis structure its name. Lewis structures add lines between atoms to represent shared pairs in a chemical bond, extending the idea of the electron dot diagram.
Hence, when figuring out whether to place a double or triple bond you should always look at the number of valence electrons present as well as the number of bonds a central atom is likely to form. Another good way to know whether to use double or single bonds is to calculate the formal charge on each atom in the molecule.
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An inexpensive laser that is available to the public emits light that has a wavelength of 670 nm. What is the color and frequency of the radiation
Answer:
The color would be red
Frequency = (speed) / (wavelength) = (3 x 108) / (670 x 10-9) = (3/670) x 1017 = 4.48 x 1014 Hz = 448,000 GHz.
Explanation:
Please help!
If pressure is constant, the combined gas law reduces to _____ law.
If volume is held constant, the combined gas law reduces to _____ law.
If pressure is held constant, the combined gas law would become [tex]v_1/t_1 = v_2/t_2[/tex]
If the volume is held constant, the combined gas law would become [tex]p_1/t_1 = p_2/t_2[/tex]
What is combined gas law?The combined gas law is a law that relates Boyle's law, Charle's law, and Gay-Lussac's law together in a single equation. The equation is expressed below:
[tex]p_1v_1/t_1 = p_2v_2/t_2[/tex]
Where [tex]p_1[/tex] is the initial pressure of gases, [tex]v_1[/tex] is the initial volume of gases, [tex]t_1[/tex] is the initial temperature of gases, [tex]p_2[/tex] is the final pressure, [tex]v_2[/tex] is the final volume, and [tex]t_1[/tex] is the final temperature.
If pressure is held constant, it means [tex]p_1 = p_2[/tex], the equation becomes:
[tex]v_1/t_1 = v_2/t_2[/tex]
If the volume is held constant, it means [tex]v_1 = v_2[/tex], the equation becomes"
[tex]p_1/t_1 = p_2/t_2[/tex]
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many chemical operators believe that the inerted vapors above a flammable liquid are not flammable when they mix with air. this is frequently not the case: if the inerted vapors escape from the vessel and mix with air or if the vessel is purged with air after emptying, the resulting mixture might be flammable.
The vapor escapes from the storage vessel it will mix with air and become flammable.
Inert is different from flushing. flushing ensures that no ignitable mixture is formed. Inerting makes flammable mixtures safe by introducing an inert gas. Exhaust gas generated from a ship's boiler into a scrubber by a fan cleaned and cooled to generate inert gas, which is sent to the ship's cargo tank as an inert gas.
Inert gas is an asphyxiating agent. Asphyxiating gases replace the oxygen in the air and reduce the oxygen you breathe. Without oxygen, you will die. Before entering a room with large amounts of inert gas, make sure there is enough oxygen in the room or have a self-contained breathing apparatus. They are said to adopt the noble gas configuration or the perfect electronic configuration.
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Which of the following give the correct assignment of oxidation numbers? Select all that apply.
-The oxidation number for Mn in KMnO4 is +2.
-The oxidation number for hydrogen in CuH is +1.
-The oxidation number for chlorine in the ion ClO3- = +5.
-The oxidation number for iron in FeO is +2.
-The oxidation number for aluminum in Al2O3= +2.
Result is Chlorine has an oxidation number of +5 in the ion ClO3-.
What exactly does oxidation mean?A chemical process that occurs when an object comes in contact with carbon or another oxidizer. Rust and an apple's brown color are examples of oxidation.
Why is it known as "oxidation"?Antoine Lavoisier coined the term "oxidation" in order to describe a substance's reaction with oxygen. Much later, it was understood that the substance loses electrons when it is oxidized, and the term was expanded to cover other processes in which electron are lost, whether or not oxygen was present.
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Explain the reason for the sequence of addition of the ether solution employed at the beginning of the formation of the Grignard reagent in the experimental procedure above.
It helps Bromination of the Grignard reagent because it helps solvate and stabilize the reagent as it forms.
The very simple reason is that in ether, there is no acidic Hydrogen present on which the Grignard reagent RMgX can attack and get itself converted to R−H .
This reaction is treasured for its capacity to form carbon-carbon bonds. The Grignard reagents are formed from the response of an alkyl halide with magnesium metal in anhydrous ether. The carbon atom of the Grignard reagent can characteristic as both a sturdy base and a strong nucleophile.
Grignard reagents are used synthetically to form new carbon–carbon bonds. A Grignard reagent has a very polar carbon–magnesium bond wherein the carbon atom has a partial bad fee and the metallic a partial wonderful rate.
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Chemically speaking, minerals are organic.
a. True
b. False
Chemically speaking, minerals are organic is false.
What are minerals?Minerals are defined as a naturally crystallized element or chemical compound that was created through geological processes. The growth of strong bones and teeth is one of minerals' three main purposes. controlling a cell's internal and external body fluids. transforming the food you eat into energy. They support the creation of new technology and are an integral component of daily living.
Inorganic materials include minerals. A mineral is an inorganic solid that forms naturally and has an ordered arrangement of atoms and ions as well as a distinct chemical composition. Your belt buckle, jewelry, and clothing zippers are all formed of metal, which is a mineral. An inorganic material is a mineral. It wasn't created by living things.
Thus, chemically speaking, minerals are organic is false.
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what hybridization is required for central atoms that have a tetrahedral arrangement of electron pairs?
Answer:
sp3
Explanation:
4 bonds to central atom with no lone pair
3H₂SO4 + 2B(OH)3 → B2(SO4)3 + 6H₂O What is the mole ratio between sulfuric acid and boron hydroxide?
From the balanced reaction equation shown, the mole ratio of the sulfuric aid and the boron hydroxide is 3:2.
What is the mole ratio?We know that in a chemical reaction, there are two sides; the reactants side and the products side. In the reactants side, what we have are the species that were combined to be able to get the products that we would have on the right hand side.
We have to recall that the way the reaction takes place and the formula of the products that are formed depends on the formula of the reactants as well as the mole ratio of the reactants. The mole ratio has to do with the stoichiometric coefficients of the reactants and the products in the reaction.
We now have to study the reaction closely so that we can be able to obtain the mole ratio of the sulfuric acid and the boron hydroxide.
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A student titrates an unknown amount of potassium hydrogen
phthalate (KHC%H4O4, often abbreviated KHP) with 20.46 mL
of a 0.1000-M NaOH solution. KHP (molar mass = 204.22 g/
mol) has one acidic hydrogen. What mass of KHP was titrated
(reacted completely) by the sodium hydroxide solution?
The mass of KHP titrated by the sodium hydroxide solution is 0.4178 g.
What is the balanced equation for this case?
[tex]HC_{8} H_{4} 0_{4} K + NaOH[/tex] ==> [tex]C_{8} H_{4} O_{4}KNa + H_{2}O[/tex]
moles of NaOH used = 0.02046 L x 0.1000 moles/L = 0.002046 moles
NaOH = 0.002046 moles KHP (1:1 mole ratio from balanced equation).
Mass KHP = 0.002046 moles KHP x 204.22 g/mole =
= 0.41783 grams = 0.4178 g (to 4 significant figures
What are titrations?
Titration is the process of gradually adding one solution with a known concentration (referred to as a titrant) to the known volume of another solution with an unknown concentration. The titrant is added until the second solution's unknown concentration is neutralised by the titrant, which is frequently visible by a change in colour when employing an indicator.
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A cookie recipe uses teaspoon of vanilla with cup of flour. How much vanilla should be used with five cups of flour?.
The fuel butane (C4H10) reacts with oxygen (O2) to form water (H2O) and carbon dioxide (CO2). Which of the following best describes the carbon atoms involved in this reaction?
A.
The arrangement of carbon atoms does not change.
B.
Three carbon atoms are formed in the reaction.
C.
The number of carbon atoms does not change.
D.
Three carbon atoms are destroyed in the reaction.
In the combustion of butane 4 moles of carbon dioxide and 5 moles of water are produced. Therefore, the number of carbon atom does not change at all.
What is combustion reaction?Combustion reaction is the reaction of a gas with atmospheric oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water. The combustion reaction of butane gas is written as follows:
[tex]\rm C_{4} H_{8} + \frac{13}{2} O_{2} \rightarrow 4 CO_{2} + 5H_{2}O[/tex].
As per this balanced equation, 4 moles of carbon dioxide are produced from one mole of butane. According to mass conservation law, total mass in a reaction will be conserved and no atoms lost or gained.
Hence, each element will be equal in number on both side. There are 4 carbon atoms in both side of the reaction. Thus number of carbon atoms does not change.
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According to the law of conservation of mass, the number of carbon atoms does not change and hence it best describes carbon atoms in the reaction.
What is law of conservation of mass?According to law of conservation of mass, it is evident that mass is neither created nor destroyed rather it is restored at the end of a chemical reaction .
Law of conservation of mass and energy are related as mass and energy are directly proportional which is indicated by the equation E=mc².Concept of conservation of mass is widely used in field of chemistry, fluid dynamics.
Law needs to be modified in accordance with laws of quantum mechanics under the principle of mass and energy equivalence.This law was proposed by Antoine Lavoisier in the year 1789.
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70 miles per hour in kilometers per minute
Answer:
≈ 112.65 kmh
Explanation:
Formula
for an approximate result, divide the speed value by 37.282
hope this helped :)
Explanation:
1 mile = 1.609344... km
1 hour = 60 minutes
70 mph = 70 × 1.609344 / 60 =
= 1.877568... km/minute
which of the following statements is correct about the comparative first ionization energies of the atoms in the following set: mg, p, sr, sb g
The following statements is correct about the comparative first ionization energies of the atoms in the following set: Mg, P, Sr , Sb, Ga is that P has largest ionization energy than Sr.
The trend of ionization energy in the periodic table is when we move from left to right in the periodic in the period ionization energy increases. when we move down the group in the periodic table then the ionization energy decreases.
Thus, The following statements is correct about the comparative first ionization energies of the atoms in the following set: Mg, P, Sr , Sb , Ga is that P has largest ionization energy than Sr.
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In the reaction of 0.075 g of sodium with water at room temperature and pressure in a trough, the metal disappeared in 15 s.
a) Find the average rate of decrease of the sodium in g/s
b) Find the average rate of decrease of the sodium in mol/s
c) Find the average rate of production of hydrogen in g/s
d) Find the average rate of production of hydrogen in mol/s
In obtaining the rate of reaction for the reaction of sodium metal and water;
a) -0.005 g/s
b) 0.000217 mol/s
c) 0.00025 g/s
d) 0.0001084 mol/s
What is the rate of reaction?The term rate of reaction has to do with the rate at which the reactants are changed to become products or the rate at which the products are seen to appear.
a) The average rate of decrease of the sodium in g/s is;
Mass of sodium/ time taken
= -(0.075 g / 15 s) = -0.005 g/s
b) The average rate of decrease of the sodium in mol/s;
Number of moles of sodium = 0.075 g/23 g/mol = 0.00326 moles
Given that;
Number of moles/ time taken
= 0.00326 moles/15 s
= 0.000217 mol/s
Given that the reaction equation is;
[tex]2Na(s) + 2H_{2} O(l) ---- > 2NaOH(aq) + H_{2}(g)[/tex]
c) The average rate of production of hydrogen in g/s = 1/2 * 0.005 g/s
= 0.00025 g/s
d) The average rate of production of hydrogen in mol/s;
1/2 * 0.000217 mol/s
= 0.0001084 mol/s
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