Glycolysis takes place in the cytosol of a cell, and it can be broken down into two main phases: the energy-requiring phase, above the dotted line in the image below, and the energy-releasing phase, below the dotted line.
Energy-requiring phase.
The initial glucose molecule undergoes a rearrangement during this phase, and two phosphate groups are linked to it. Because of the phosphate groups, the changed sugar, which is now known as fructose-1,6-bisphosphate, is unstable and can divide into two phosphate-containing three-carbon sugars. Because 2ATP molecules are used throughout these stages, which require phosphates from ATP.
The three-carbon sugars that are produced when the unstable sugar disintegrates are distinct from one another. Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate is the only one that can proceed to the next step. But since the unfavorable sugar, DHAP, is easily changed into the favorable one, both ultimately complete the pathway.phase that releases energy. During this phase, a series of reactions transform each three-carbon sugar into pyruvate, another three-carbon molecule. Two ATP molecules and one NADH molecule are produced in these reactions. This phase produces four ATP and two NADH because it occurs twice, once for each of the two three-carbon sugars.
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Step 2 of the Scientific Method is to “Gather Background Information.” Why is this step important? Support your claim with evidence from the article.
The step of “Gather Background Information.” is very important in the scientific method because with the help of this information we can make a hypothesis.
What are the scientific method and its steps?The scientific method is defined as the process of finding the facts with the help of testing and experimentation. The main process involves making an observation, then formulating a hypothesis, making a prediction, conducting an experiment, and then analyzing the results. The first step of the scientific method is asking a question. The second step is to Perform research. The third step is to Establish your hypothesis. Then test your hypothesis through experimentation. Analyze the results and conclusions.
So we can conclude that this step is very important because it helps to make a hypothesis.
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When would competition occur between organisms of different species?
Spot phenotype in beans is determined by a single gene. A true-breeding strain of beans with large
spots is crossed with a true-breeding strain with small spots. All of the F1 progeny have both large
spots and small spots. Which of the following terms best describes the relationship displayed by the
large and small spot alleles.
Co-dominance describes the relationship displayed by the
large and small spot alleles.
In genetics, codominance refers to a type of inheritance in which two versions (alleles) of the same gene are expressed separately to produce different traits in an individual. In genetics, codominance refers to a type of inheritance in which two versions (alleles) of the same gene are expressed separately to produce different traits in an individual.
When both alleles show dominance, as in the case of the AB blood type (IA IB in humans), codominance occurs. A trait caused by an allele that is expressed independently and equally with the other. Blood type is an example of a codominant trait; a person with blood type AB has one allele for blood type A and another for blood type B.
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The graph shows the change in the duration of the sea-ice melt season in attic from 1980 to 2015. The blue band represents the time between when ice began to melt and when it froze each year. Which conclusion can you draw from the graph?
Answer:C
Explanation:
Use Newton's Second Law to calculate the mass of an object with a net
force of 19,000 N accelerating at 10 m/s/s.
O 1,900 N
O 1,900 kg
O 190,000 kg
O 1.9 kg
6. Phenylketonuria (PKU) is an inherited disease determined by a recessive allele. If
a woman and her husband are both carriers, what is the probability of their
offspring having phenylketonuria?
Answer:
25%
Explanation:
Phenylketonuria is inherited as autosomal recessive trait . Since both the woman and her husband are the carrier of the disease their genotype would be Aa , where A is the dominant allele and a is recessive.
We can make a Punnet square as ,
[tex]\boxed{\begin{array}{c|c|c} \sf{ } & \sf A &\sf a \\\\ \sf A & \sf AA &\sf Aa \\\\ \sf a & \sf Aa &\sf aa \end{array}}[/tex]
From this , we can see that only one offspring would receive both the recessive allele and would be affected from the disease.
Hence the probability of their offspring of having PKU will be ,
[tex]\longrightarrow\sf \dfrac{1}{4}\times 100 =\boxed{\bf 25\% } [/tex]
Drag the tiles to the correct boxes to complete the pairs .
Match the description of each plant with the group to which the plant belongs
The description of each plant should be matched with the group to which the plant belongs as follows:
Gymnosperm: a vascular plant that produces cones to house seeds.Pteridophyte: a vascular plant that does not produce seeds.Bryophyte: a short, nonvascular plant.Angiosperm: a flowering vascular plant that that contain rhizoids produces fruit around seeds.What is a nonvascular plant?In Science, a nonvascular plant can be defined as a species of low-growing, non-flowering plant that lacks specialized conducting channels, deep roots, or vascular tissues (xylem and phloem) for the transportation of nutrients and absorption of water.
Additionally, some examples of cone-bearing plants (gymnosperms) include the following:
Palm treesRedwoodsGinkgosConifersPine treesIn conclusion, gymnosperms are also referred to as cone-bearing plants and they primarily produce male cones and female cones on the same plant in order to enable them house seeds.
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Complete Question:
Drag the tiles to the correct boxes to complete the pairs. Match the description of each plant with the group to which the plant belongs.
a vascular plant that produces cones to house seeds.
a vascular plant that does not produce seeds
a short, nonvascular plant
a flowering vascular plant that that contain rhizoids produces fruit around seeds
angiosperm
bryophyte
pteridophyte
Gymnosperm
what is cellular respiration?
Answer:
short answer:
the process by which food, in the form of sugar (glucose), is transformed into energy within cells
Long answer:
the process by which organisms combine oxygen with foodstuff molecules, diverting the chemical energy in these substances into life-sustaining activities and
discarding, as waste products, carbon dioxide and water
This is really important, I need it asap
Option B energy is released when bond in ATP are broken and stored in sugar when bond forms.
The mild unbiased process takes location withinside the stroma of the chloroplast. Carbon dioxide is changed via way of means of collection of chemical reactions to shape carbohydrates.
The power for those reactions comes from ATP and NADPH generated for the duration of the mild structured process.
Energy from ATP and NADPH lessen the 3PG molecules to shape every other three carbon compound, glyceraldehyde-three-phosphate (G3P). Two G3P molecules are eliminated from the cycle and in the long run come to be one glucose molecule.
The different 10 molecules of G3P are transformed again to RuBP molecules, prepared to simply accept CO2 and begin the cycle again.
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What part is unique to the kingdom Monera?
Answer: cell wall
Explanation:
What are 3 example for:
positive and beneficial mutation
Negative and harmful mutation
Neutral mutation
Examples of positive and beneficial mutation:
Antibiotic resistance by bacteriaAlmond tree gene mutationHumans immunity to HIVExamples of negative and harmful mutation
Cystic fibrosisFrame shift mutationCancerExamples of neutral mutation;
Bovine and human insulinSilent point mutationMissense mutationWhat are mutation?Mutations are results from change in gene structures that leads to variations in form that can be transferred or passed down to generations. This is usually caused by alterations in the single base unit of DNAs by insertion, deletion or rearrangement of genes or chromosomes.
Positive and beneficial mutations result in retained from of adaptation like antibiotic resistance by bacteria, harmful mutation causes harm such as cancer, while neutral has little or no effect example, silent mutations.
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Why is cyanide a universal poison effective in all organisms with mitochondria?
Answer:
For every organism where mitochondria act as a powerhouse of a cell, ATP that is Adenosine Tri Phosphate is produced during aerobic respiration (i.e respiration that takes place in presence of oxygen). Cyanide interrupts this chain thus ATP production staggers which will further weaken the mitochondria and will bring metabolic reactions to an end.
Cyanide is a deadly poison that can disperse itself so fast that it can dispense throughout the body in a matter of seconds as it prevents the cell from the usage of oxygen.
Cyanide is a deadly poison that can disperse itself so fast that it can dispense throughout the body in a matter of seconds as it prevents the cell from the usage of oxygen.
what are cyanides?
Cyanides are fast-acting poisons that can be lethal. They were used as chemical weapons for the first time in World War I. Low levels of cyanides are found in nature and in products we commonly eat and use. Cyanides can be produced by certain bacteria, fungi and algae. Cyanides are also found in cigarette smoke, in vehicle exhaust, and in foods such as spinach, bamboo shoots, almonds, lima beans, fruit pits and tapioca.
Moving away from the point of exposure to fresh air is an important first step in treating cyanide exposure. Cyanide poisoning can be further treated by medical professionals. Often patients are given oxygen.
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What is the human genome project and its purpose?
Answer:
it's an ambitious research effort aimed at deciphering the chemical makeup of the entire human genetic code
Explanation:
purpose : to accurately sequence the 3 billion nucleotide base pairs in the human genome. A second goal was to map and identify all of the human genes present in the DNA sequence.
ORRR
1.Optimization of the data analysis.
2.Sequencing the entire genome.
3.Identification of the complete human genome.
One of the greatest scientific achievements in history is the Human Genome Project. An international team of scientists undertook the project as a biological odyssey to thoroughly examine the entire DNA (also known as a genome) of a particular group of organisms.
What is Human Genome Project?
All of the human genes were sequenced as part of the Human Genome Project, an international research endeavor. The lengthy undertaking was started in 1990 and finished in 2003. Accurately sequencing the human genome's 3 billion nucleotide base pairs was one of the project's objectives. The identification and mapping of every human gene found in the DNA sequence was a secondary objective. (Right now, scientists believe there to be between 20,000 and 25,000 genes.) The Human Genome Project also sought to publicly archive all of the sequence data gathered in online databases.Facts of human genome project:
The Human Genome Project was a significant international scientific undertaking with the primary objective of producing the first sequence of the human genome.Over 90% of the human genome was covered by the genome sequence the Human Genome Project generated in 2003. It was as close to completion as the DNA sequencing methods at the time would have allowed.The effort was essential for advancing regulations and winning more support for the free exchange of scientific information.The sequencing of the human genome has raised concerns and problems, which has led to a heightened focus on ethics in scientific research.The project was unusual for biomedical research because the researchers' work was motivated by the desire to discover a new aspect of the biological universe rather than by developing a theory or hypothesis first.Hence this is all about Human genome project.
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Bat activity can be affected by artificial lighting. Because bats often rest during the day and hunt at night, they use their sense of hearing to help locate prey in the dark. A hunting bat emits high-pitched sound waves that reflect off insects. The external structure of the bat′s ear, which is composed of cartilage, funnels the reflected sound waves to the inner ear. The bat′s brain then identifies the location of an insect based on the amount of time it takes for the reflected sound waves to reach the bat′s ears. A group of researchers set up a study using white, green, and red lights in an otherwise dark natural habitat. The researchers measured the activity of two types of bats by recording the number of times a bat passed by. The researchers took measurements for five days in both early summer and late summer for four years.
Use the information above to determine which systems interact with each other when a bat hunts. Select the two correct answers.
A)The bat′s nervous system tells the bat where its prey is located.
B)The bat′s muscular system allows the bat to fly and catch the prey.
C)The bat uses its respiratory system to produce sounds.
D)The bat can use its skeletal system to produce sounds and locate prey.
E)The bat can use its nervous system to fly and catch prey.
The information which describes how systems interact with each other when a bat hunts include the following below:
A)The bat′s nervous system tells the bat where its prey is located.
D)The bat can use its skeletal system to produce sounds and locate prey.
What is Skeletal system?This is the type of system which comprises of bones, cartilages etc and is majorly involved in the movement of parts of the body such as the legs, hands etc. This system is also responsible for performing daily activities such as searching for food.
According to the information provided in which we were told how a bat hunts, it uses the skeletal system to produce sounds and locate its prey while the nervous system tells the bat where its prey is located through stimuli.
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Why humans can't live off sunlight. Shine's experiment received alot of criticism
Answer:
Humans can't live off sunlight (among other reasons)because we don't have chlorophyll in our bodies. Chlorophyll takes the sun's energy and converts it into useable energy for plants to use. Adding energy to anything is not beneficial unless there is a mechanism to convert that energy into a useful form.
A cell is treated with a drug that prevents the formation of new lysosomes. The cell continues to transcribe the genes that code for the hydrolytic enzymes that are normally found in lysosomes and continues to translate the mRNAs for those proteins on membrane-bound ribosomes. The hydrolytic enzymes are most likely to accumulate in which of the following cellular structures?
a. Nucleus
b. Mitochondrion
c. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
d. Golgi Apparatus
Answer:
In principle, the lysosomes are the responsible for accumulating of hydrolytic enzymes, so if the drug did not prevent the formation of lysosomes, the accumulation of hydrolytic enzymes would be in charge of the lysosomes.
But in the statement it says that the drug with which the cell is being treated prevents the formation of lysosomes, and in this case, the organelle that is most likely to perform the function of accumulating hydrolytic enzymes is the golgi apparatus.
Very important, need it asap
Option A. Since the process of photosynthesis makes new energy, the combined energy in the bonds of O₂ and C₆H₁₂O₆ is greater than that in the bonds of CO₂ and H₂O.
In plants, carbon dioxide enters the indoors of a leaf thru pores referred to as stomata and diffuses into the stroma of the chloroplast—the web page of the Calvin cycle reactions, in which sugar is synthesized. These reactions also are referred to as the mild-independent reactions due to the fact they may be now no longer immediately pushed via way of means of mild.
In the Calvin cycle, carbon atoms from are fixed (included into natural molecules) and used to construct three-carbon sugars. This method is fueled via way of means of, and based on, ATP and NADPH from the mild reactions. Unlike the mild reactions, which take location withinside the thylakoid membrane, the reactions of the Calvin cycle take location withinside the stroma (the internal area of chloroplasts).
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Afterwards, fill in the following blanks:
3. Negative feedback is a control system that helps the body maintain homeostasis
by sending a signal to ____________ a response.
4. ____________ feedback is the type of control system in effect when you feel
hungry and eat.
5. Positive feedback is a control system that sends a signal to ________ a response.
6. Childbirth is another example of ____________ feedback.
The banks should be filled as follows:
3. Negative feedback is a control system that helps the body maintain homeostasis by sending a signal to stop a response.
4. Negative feedback is the type of control system in effect when you feel hungry and eat.
5. Positive feedback is a control system that sends a signal to increase a response.
6. Childbirth is another example of positive feedback.
The types of feedback loop.Generally speaking, there are two (2) main types of feedback loop and these include the following:
Positive feedback loop.Negative feedback loop.What is a negative feedback?A negative feedback loop inhibits or decreases the response by the body system of a living organism. Additionally, an example of a receptor in a negative feedback loop that controls the body temperature of a living organism is temperature sensors that are located on the skin, in order to detect a stimulus.
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What is the purpose of studying radon pollution levels?
A.
to give scientists more information on nuclear decay
B.
to improve air quality and human health
C.
to find underground stores of valuable uranium
D.
to aid in finding a cure for lung cancer
The use of radon studies will help the scientists to get an idea about many scientific ideas. The purpose of studying radon pollution levels is to improve air quality and human health. Correct answer is option B.
What is pollution ?
The level of harmful substances on environment that are causing adverse effects on atmosphere dealing with the harmful effects and their side effects.
To improve air quality and human health the studies of radon to pollution levels will help to study about the air quality and the human health.
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The diagram shows a food web.
A flowchart. Cycle 1: 1, Grass. 2, Grasshopper. 3, Shrew or Mouse. 4, Fox. Cycle 2: 1, Grass. 2, Mouse. 3, Fox or Snake. Cycle 3: 1, Grass. 2, Rabbit. 3, Fox.
Which is the producer?
grass
grasshopper
mouse
fox
Answer:
a) Grass
Explanation:
Grass is the producer from the above flowchart, other all are consumers. Hence, the option (a) is the correct answer.
PLEASE HELP! fill in the blanks
1) __ species - one that is at serious risk of extinction
2) __ species - one that is likely to become endangered soon through all or part of its range.
3) __ species - these have a variety of roles (niches) in an ecosystem as they eat a wide variety of foods, live in a wide range of environments, and are therefore less prone to extinction. Examples: __ and __
4) __ species. - these have specialized diets, live in only a few types of habitats and are therefore more prone to extinction, for example: __
5) __ species - found only in one area and nowhere else in the world.
Answer:
1. Endangered species
2. Threatened species
3. Generalist species Ex: raccoon and American crows
4. Specialist species Ex: Tiger Salamanders
5. Endemic species
No explanation, your question is the explaination.
4. Cephalopods swim by means of jet propulsion. What is the structure that helps them move that way? 0 siphon O radula 0 sepia 0 nephridia
Answer:
Siphon
Explanation:
The siphon propels the squid through the water in the opposite direction to which the siphon is pointing, much like jet propulsion.
5. tRNA is found in the (nucleus/cytoplasm).
Explanation:
It occurs in NUCLEUS
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Which level sets the stage for the overall productivity of an ecological
energy pyramid? Why is this the case?
Bottom level sets the stage for the overall productivity of an ecological energy pyramid.
A graphical representation of the biomass or bioproductivity at each trophic level in a given ecosystem is known as an ecological pyramid. An energy pyramid, also known as a trophic or ecological pyramid, is a graphical representation of the energy contained within an ecosystem's trophic levels. The producers are at the bottom and largest level of the pyramid, and they contain the most energy.
Environmental pyramids are useful because they graphically depict the relationship between producers and consumers. To calculate energy, content, biomass, or population, the organism at that trophic level must be estimated. A trophic level, as opposed to a species, denotes a functional level.
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Explain how matter and energy interact within an ecosystem.
Provide evidence from each source to support your explanation.
As per the statement energy and matter interacts in ecosystem in following manner.
Energy flows across an ecosystem, while matter cycles within it. Let's take a closer look at how various living activities influence the movement of energy and matter in ecosystems to better understand why this is the case.
What is energy and matter?Matter is the material substance that constitutes the observable universe and, together with energy, forms the basis of all objective phenomena. Energy, in physics, is the capacity for doing work. It may exist in potential, kinetic, thermal, electrical, chemical, nuclear, or other various forms.
When producers engage in photosynthesis, they draw energy from the sun and store it as chemical potential energy, which is how energy enters an ecosystem. During this procedure, environmental debris (in the form ofO2 Organic molecules are formed by ingesting O) and rearranging it (sugars). These organic molecules can either be stored as biomass or used to power the producers' biological functions through cellular respiration, which produces heat and gases.
Decomposers receive matter and energy from dead producers, consumers, and the waste they make. Matter is converted back into inorganic forms by decomposers so that it can be recycled in the ecosystem.
So, the energy that comes from sunlight entering an ecosystem eventually leaves the ecosystem as heat. As atoms are mixed and recombined in various ways, on the other hand, the matter in an ecosystem is continuously renewed.
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Would a low calcium diet influence the contraction of a muscle?
1) No since sodium is the ion that takes the message into the cell. Calcium is only
important for going into the neuron to cause the release of ACH.
2) No since sodium is the ion that takes the message into the cell. Calcium is not used in the process of muscle contraction.
3) Yes since calcium is needed to uncover the active site on actin so that the cross bridges can form and start the sliding process.
(NEED HELP ASAP AND I APPRECIATE YOUR HELP)
Calcium is important in the process of contraction because calcium is needed to uncover the active site on actin so that the cross bridges can form and start the sliding process. Option C
Is calcium important for contraction?We know that muscles cells do contract and this is how an individual is able to make movement. There are several inorganic elements that play a key role in the process of the contraction of the muscle cells.
A typical inorganic ion which is very key to the contraction of the muscles is the calcium ion. There are several proteins that are involved in muscle contraction and the activities of these proteins are triggered by the calcium ion.
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Which of the following molecules does not function as genetic information used for protein
synthesis?
A
Amino acids
B Messenger RNA
C DNA
D Transfer RNA
Answer:
A. Amino acids
Explanation:
Hope this helps!
Question 8 of 10 Which statement best describes the limits of science? A. Science cannot answer questions about the natural world. B. Science can answer any question. C. Science can answer only mathematical questions. D. Science cannot answer questions about what people should do.
Science cannot answer questions about what people should do. best describes the limits of science.
What is science?
Some of the earliest archaeological evidence for scientific reasoning seems to be tens of thousands of years old, and science may be as old as the human species. In the period between 3000 and 1200 BCE, Mesopotamia and Ancient Egypt produced the earliest written records inside the history of science. Greek natural philosophy of classical antiquity, where formal attempts were made and provide explanations of events inside the physical world based on natural causes, was influenced by their contributions to mathematics, astronomy, as well as medicine. The knowledge of Greek worldviews declined in Western Europe during the early Middle Ages (400–1000 CE) following the fall of the Western Roman Empire, but it was preserved in the Muslim world during the Islamic Golden Age as well as later by attempts of Byzantine Greek scholars who brought Greek manuscripts from the waning Byzantine Empire to Western Europe in the Renaissance.
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Help me please Yall I swear this is so anoying
Which of these pathogens is
MOST LIKELY to infect a human
on the skin or under fingernails or
toenails?
protists
fungi this
Answer:
b) Fungi
Explanation:
Fungi such as Trichophyton rubrum is most likely to infect a human on the skin and under fingernails or toenails. Therefore, the option (b) is the correct answer.
Answer:
The real answer is Fungi.