Again, imagine that your liver, which has a volume of 2 liters, developed from a single embryonic precursor cell with a volume of 1000 μm3, or 1 x 10-12 liters. You previously calculated how many cell division cycles would be required for the precursor cell to produce your mature liver.

What if the control of liver organogenesis were a bit faulty, and the process went exactly 2 cell division cycles beyond this? What then would be the volume of your liver in liters?

I found that the answer to the first question is 41, but I can't figure out the second part.

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

41 cycles

If cell division went 2 cell division cycle beyond the  precursor; we have 43 cycles

The volume would be = 17.59 Litres

Explanation:

From the given information:

The number of cells in the liver that developed from an embryonic precursor is roughly [tex]\dfrac{2}{10^{-12}}= 2\times10^{12}[/tex]

The number of cell cycles needed to produce [tex]2\times 10^{12[/tex]  cells is:

= [tex]log_2(2\times 10^{12})[/tex]

= 40.86

[tex]\simeq[/tex] 41

Thus, nearly 41 cycles of cell division are required to form the mature liver.

Now;

Suppose 2 extra cell division cycles took place;

The total number of cells would be 2⁴³ = 1.759 × 10¹³; &

The volume would be =  1.759 × 10¹³ × 10⁻¹²

The volume would be = 17.59 Litres


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Answer:

Competitiveness between species will increase

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When there is less resources available to a species that means no every animal can survive so the species will have to compete for survival

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Answer:

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Answer:

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Answer:

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Answer:

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Explanation:

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Enter the answer in the space provided.
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“The virus cannot reproduce itself outside the host because it lacks the complicated machinery that a [host] cell possesses.” The host's cellular machinery allows viruses to produce RNA from their DNA (a process calledtranscription) and to build proteins based on the instructions encoded in their RNA.

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Dizzy means a whirling sensation in the head which makes to fall.

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Nauseous means the feeling of vomiting.

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Feverish means a rise in temperature than normal.

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Hemoglobin is the red colour pigment present in red blood cells.

What are white blood cells?

White blood cells are the cells which helps in immunity.

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Platelets are the larger cells which helps in clotting of blood.

What is diagnose?

Diagnose means to identify.

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Whole blood count is the blood used to evaluate overall health.

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Answer:

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Answer:

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Answer:

1. Prokaryotic chromosomes are found in the nucleoid of prokaryotic cells, and they are circular in shape.

Unlike eukaryotic cells, prokaryotic cells don’t have a membrane-bound nucleus. Instead, their genetic material can be found in a region of the cytoplasm called the nucleoid. A prokaryotic cell typically has only a single, coiled, circular chromosome. However, there are a few prokaryotes that have more than one—Vibrio cholerae, the bacterium that causes cholera, has two circular chromosomes.

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Prokaryotic Chromosome

Prokaryotic cells typically have a single, circular chromosome located in the nucleoid.

Download DNA Lab Activities

2. Each chromosome contains a molecule of DNA that is supercoiled and compacted by nucleoid-associated proteins (NAPs).

Prokaryotic cells may have only one chromosome, but that one chromosome is a very long DNA molecule that must be condensed to fit inside a tiny space. In a eukaryotic cell, DNA wraps around clusters of histone proteins. However, most prokaryotic cells don’t use histones to help with DNA storage. (Some Archaea do, but they are the exception, rather than the rule.)

Like eukaryotic DNA, prokaryotic DNA undergoes supercoiling, but it is not wound around histone clusters first. Supercoiling uses the application of tension to twist a DNA molecule, so it wraps around itself, creating loops.

The folding of prokaryotic DNA is facilitated by nucleoid-associated proteins (NAPs) instead of histones. NAPs are proteins within the nucleoid that can bind to the DNA molecule, introducing bends and folds, and they are involved with processes such as DNA replication and transcription.

3. Prokaryotic cells are haploid, meaning they do not have chromosomes that occur in homologous pairs.

Most prokaryotic cells have just one chromosome, so they are classified as haploid cells (1n, without paired chromosomes). Even in Vibrio cholerae, which has two chromosomes, the chromosomes are unique from one another. That is, they are not a homologous pair, because they don’t contain the same genes in the same locations.

Many prokaryotes, such as bacteria, reproduce via binary fission. This is a method of asexual reproduction that is similar in its end result to mitosis—two daughter cells result, each with the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell. However, when bacteria undergo binary fission, no mitotic spindle forms. In addition, the replication of the prokaryotic cell’s chromosome can occur during the fission process.

4. Prokaryotic cells can also carry small molecules of DNA called plasmids.

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Here’s how the characteristics of eukaryotic and prokaryotic chromosomes compare.

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Shape Linear Circular

Size Large Small

Number Multiple Single

Location Nucleus Nucleoid (region in cytoplasm)

Storage proteins Histones Nucleoid-associated proteins

Visible Body Biology

 

 External Sources

“The Precarious Prokaryotic Chromosome” from the Journal of Bacteriology.

A video on DNA topology and supercoiling from the MITx Molecular Biology course.

“Nucleoid Associated Proteins: The Small Organizers That Help to Cope With Stress” from Frontiers in Microbiology.

An article from Scitable/Nature Education on genome packaging in prokaryotes.

An article from Khan Academy about binary fission in bacteria.

“The Vibrio cholerae genome contains two unique circular chromosomes,” from the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

Definitions of plasmids from Scitable and the National Human Genome Research Institute.

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