Capital maintenance refers to a financial reporting principle that determines how a company can keep its value intact over time.
There are three types of capital maintenance, including physical capital maintenance, financial capital maintenance in nominal monetary units, and financial capital maintenance in units of constant purchasing power.Physical capital maintenance refers to the procedure of preserving the company's capital base in terms of productive capacity. The physical capital maintenance principle recommends that a firm's net income should be equal to the net inflow of physical assets. The purpose of physical capital maintenance is to ensure that a business's productive capacity remains intact. The formula for physical capital maintenance is:Net income = Ending physical capital – Beginning physical capital + capital injections - distributions.The formula for physical capital maintenance can be used in the following scenario:A trader started a company with $12,000 in opening stock at $2 per unit, with 6,000 units of a certain product, on January 1, 20x1. He sold these units for $3 each during 20x1 and withdrew $6,000. At the end of the year, let's assume that the product's price is $2.50 per unit. The applicable specific price index for the product is 125. Determine the capital maintenance under all three methods.The current cost of opening stock = ($12,000 / 100) x 125 = 6,000 x $2.50 = $15,000Current cost of closing stock = $12,000 ($18,000 – $6,000)Opening equity at closing current costs = $15,000 Closing equity at closing current costs = $12,000; Retained profit = $12,000 – $15,000 = (-) $3,000. The negative retained profit shows that the trader was unable to maintain his capital. Therefore, the available fund of $12,000 is insufficient to buy 6,000 units again at an increased price of $2.50 per unit.The drawings should have been limited to $3,000 ($6,000 – $3,000). If the trader had withdrawn $3,000 instead of $6,000, he would have been left with $15,000, which is the fund needed to buy 6,000 units at $2.50 per unit.
Hence, the capital maintenance under all three methods will be Physical Capital Maintenance = (6000 x $2.50) - (6000 x $2) = $6,000 - $12,000 = $-6,000Financial Capital Maintenance in Units of Constant Purchasing Power = (6000 x $2.50) - (6000 x $2) = $6,000 - $12,000 = $-6,000.
Financial Capital Maintenance in Nominal Monetary Units = 0 as per the given information.
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ResearchGate Search for publications, researchers, or questions Article PDF Available Ethical supply chains: Analysis, practices and performance measures January 2014 - International Journal of Logistics Systems and Management 17(4):472-497 DOI:10.1504/IJLSM.2014.061016 Authors: Yahaya Y Yusuf University of Central Lancashire LAnya Hawkins Ahmed Musa Federal University of Technology Minna O or Discover by subject area Advertisement CDP Center for Disaster Philanthropy ResearchGate recommends donating to the Center for Disaster Philanthropy We are supporting organizations providing humanitarian aid to the Download full-text PDF Read full-text Recruit researchers Advertisement Donate Today Join for free Login
The study provides valuable insights into the development, implementation, and evaluation of ethical supply chains. It highlights the importance of taking a holistic and collaborative approach, involving all stakeholders, to ensure that supply chains are sustainable, responsible, and ethical.
The paper "Ethical Supply Chains: Analysis, Practices and Performance Measures" is available on Research Gate as an article PDF. It was published in January 2014 in the International Journal of Logistics Systems and Management, and the authors are Yahaya Y. Yusuf from the University of Central Lancashire, LAnya Hawkins from the Federal University of Technology Minna, and Ahmed Musa from the same institution.
The study discusses ethical supply chains, their analysis, practices, and performance measures. The article examines the development of ethical supply chains, the various approaches taken by companies in implementing them, and the performance measures used to evaluate them.
Ethical supply chains have become increasingly important in recent years, as businesses face increasing pressure from consumers, regulators, and other stakeholders to improve their social and environmental impact. In particular, ethical supply chains can help companies to address issues such as worker exploitation, environmental damage, and the use of child labor.
The study highlights the key challenges faced by companies in developing ethical supply chains, including the complexity of global supply chains, the lack of transparency and accountability, and the need to balance economic and social objectives. The authors also explore some of the key performance measures used to evaluate ethical supply chains, including social, environmental, and economic indicators.
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Explain how competitive advantage, strategy, and the strategic management process are interrelated.
Explain extensively how strategy and structure are interrelated. Illustrate your point/s (provide concrete example/s)
A firm’s competitive advantage, strategy, and the strategic management process are interrelated, with the structure of the firm designed to support its strategic goals and objectives.
Competitive advantage, strategy, and the strategic management process are interrelated in several ways. A firm’s strategic management process helps identify its competitive advantages, while strategy helps the firm maintain those advantages and continue to compete successfully in the market. A company’s strategy is also influenced by its organizational structure. For example, a company with a hierarchical structure will have a more centralized decision-making process, which may not support its strategy of being innovative and adaptable. Thus, the strategy of a firm and its structure are interdependent, with one influencing the other. In conclusion, a firm’s competitive advantage, strategy, and the strategic management process are interrelated, with the structure of the firm designed to support its strategic goals and objectives.
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The after tax or effective cost of debt is reduced by the tax savings since interest payments on debt are tax deductible. True O False
Due to after-tax or effective cost of debt is reduced by the tax savings since interest payments on debt are tax-deductible, the statement is true.
Companies with high-interest payments are given an advantage through the tax savings obtained from the tax-deductible nature of interest payments on debts. These companies are able to save money on taxes, thereby reducing their after-tax or effective cost of debt.
The lower the cost of debt, the more affordable it is for companies to take on more debt, as it would reduce the amount of interest paid and could lead to a more favorable credit rating. This, in turn, would make it easier for the company to obtain further funding when necessary, or reduce the company's financial risk.
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Calculate the value of the total cost incurred by a firm if its variable cost is $1,000 and its fixed cost is $3,250.
a. The total cost incurred by the firm is $1,000.
b. The total cost incurred by the firm is $2,250.
c. The total cost incurred by the firm is $4,250.
d. The total cost incurred by the firm is $3,250.
The total cost incurred by the firm is $4,250.
To calculate the total cost incurred by the firm, we need to add the fixed cost and the variable cost. In this case, the fixed cost is given as $3,250, and the variable cost is $1,000. Adding these two costs together, we get:
Total cost = Fixed cost + Variable cost
Total cost = $3,250 + $1,000
Total cost = $4,250
Therefore, the total cost incurred by the firm is $4,250. Option c is the correct answer. It's important to note that the fixed cost remains constant regardless of the level of production or output, while the variable cost varies with the level of production. By combining the fixed cost and variable cost, we can determine the total cost incurred by the firm, which represents the sum of all expenses associated with production and operations.
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When a hotel's room revenue forecasts are consistently and unrealistically too low they
a. cause unrealistic high profit expectations by the hotel's owners
b. produce budgeting/ spending errors by overstating anticipated revenues
c. result in under-aggressive room rate determinations and rates that are set too low
d. result in over-aggressive room rate determinations and rates that are set too high
The correct answer is b. produce budgeting/spending errors by overstating anticipated revenues.
When a hotel's room revenue forecasts consistently and unrealistically underestimate the expected revenue, it leads to budgeting and spending errors.
By understating the anticipated revenues, the hotel may allocate insufficient resources for various operational and marketing activities, leading to potential financial imbalances. Options a, c, and d are not directly related to the consequences of unrealistically low room revenue forecasts.
Unrealistic high profit expectations (option a) would result from overestimating revenue, not underestimating it. Under-aggressive room rate determinations and rates set too low (option c) would be a consequence of overestimating revenue.
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Which of the following is true regarding setting personal debt limits? Can be more than one answer.
a. Your mortgage loan and all credit card charges, especially those paid in full every month, are included in the debt payments-to-disposable income method.
b. The debt limit according to the continuous-debt method is a four-year payoff period.
c. For most people, your debt limit should be lower than what creditors are willing to offer.
d. Under the debt-to-income method, the recommended maximum debt limit should be 50%
The following is true statement regarding setting personal debt limits:
C. For most people, your debt limit should be lower than what creditors are willing to offer.
D. Under the debt-to-income method, the recommended maximum debt limit should be 50%.
Debt can support business expansion. People may also be able to acquire helpful items that would be prohibitively expensive otherwise. In addition to giving a family a place to live, taking out a mortgage to buy a home may also turn out to be a wise investment in the long run. Like other things, the ideal level of debt is a reasonable quantity that is properly controlled and within one's resources. Option C and D are correct answer.
The 28/36 rule is a well-known formula for determining a manageable debt load. This guideline states that households shouldn't spend more than 28% of their gross income on costs linked to their home, such as payments on mortgages, insurance for their homes, and property taxes. In addition, they shouldn't spend more than 36% of their income on housing costs in addition to any other obligations they may have, such as credit card and auto loans.
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1. What is Virtue Ethics and why is it important? (approx. 100 words)
2. In your own words, should we practice virtue ethics in our everyday lives personally and professionally? Why or why not? (approx. 100 words)
Yes, practicing virtue ethics in our everyday lives, both personally and professionally, is crucial.
1. Virtue ethics is a moral framework that focuses on the development of virtuous character traits and values as the foundation for ethical decision-making. It places emphasis on cultivating virtues such as honesty, kindness, integrity, and compassion, rather than relying solely on rules or consequences. Virtue ethics emphasizes the importance of the moral character of an individual and how it influences their actions and relationships. It highlights the idea that being a good person and living a virtuous life is not only about following rules, but about embodying virtuous qualities that contribute to human flourishing and the well-being of society. Virtue ethics provides a holistic approach to ethics, taking into account the development of one's character and the pursuit of excellence.
2. Yes, practicing virtue ethics in our everyday lives, both personally and professionally, is crucial. Virtue ethics encourages us to strive for moral excellence and to cultivate virtuous qualities in our interactions and decision-making. By embodying virtues such as honesty, empathy, fairness, and responsibility, we contribute to the betterment of ourselves and those around us. Personally, practicing virtue ethics helps us lead a meaningful and fulfilling life, fostering stronger relationships and promoting personal growth. Professionally, virtue ethics guides our conduct and enables us to make ethical choices, even in challenging situations. It helps us build trust, maintain integrity, and contribute positively to our organizations and communities. Embracing virtue ethics enhances our character and contributes to a more ethical and compassionate society.
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How is profit calculated? 0/2 pts O Profit = Average revenue - Average costs Profit = Total revenue - Average costs O Profit = Total revenue - Total costs O Profit = Average revenue - Total costs
To calculate profit, one can also use the following formula: Profit = Average revenue - Average costs In summary, profit is an essential business objective that is critical to an organization's success. The correct option is A
Profit is the positive difference between total revenue and total costs, expressed in dollars or any other currency.
Profit is a primary business goal for almost all enterprises since it is necessary for their survival and growth.
Average revenue, average costs, total revenue, and total costs are the four key financial terms used to calculate profit. Profit can be calculated using the following formula:
Profit = Total revenue - Total costs Profit is calculated by subtracting total costs from total revenue.
Total revenue is the total amount of money earned by a business through the sale of goods or services to consumers.
Total costs, on the other hand, are the total expenses incurred by a business in the production and sale of goods or services. They involve both fixed and variable costs.
Average revenue is defined as the revenue earned per unit of output or per customer. Average costs are the total costs divided by the total output.
To calculate profit, one can also use the following formula: Profit = Average revenue - Average costsIn summary, profit is an essential business objective that is critical to an organization's success.
The amount of profit generated by a business is determined by comparing the total revenue earned to the total costs incurred.
As a result, companies must keep their costs as low as possible while increasing their revenue to maximize their profit.
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57 Joe Levi bought a home in Arlington, Texas, for $137,000. He put down 20% and obtained a mortgage for 30 years at 5.5% a. What is Joe's monthly payment? (Do not round intermediate calculations. Rou
Joe Levi's monthly payment for his mortgage is approximately $620.35.
Information available in the problem:
Home price: $137,000
Down payment: 20% (0.2)
Loan amount: $137,000 - (0.2 * $137,000) = $109,600
Interest rate: 5.5% per year
Loan term: 30 years
To calculate the monthly payment, we can use the formula for calculating a fixed monthly payment for a mortgage:
Monthly payment = (Loan amount * Monthly interest rate) / (1 - (1 + Monthly interest rate)^(-Number of months))
Let's calculate the monthly payment:
Loan amount: $109,600
Monthly interest rate: 5.5% per year / 12 months = 0.055 / 12 = 0.004583333 (approx.)
Number of months: 30 years * 12 months = 360 months
Plugging the values into the formula:
Monthly payment = ($109,600 * 0.004583333) / (1 - (1 + 0.004583333)^(-360))
Monthly payment ≈ $620.35
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RRG Company is owned by Hannah Singh and reports quarterly. Below is a list of accounts, all having a normal balance.
Instructions: Prepare a multi-step income statement and classified balance sheet for the 3rd quarter of 2019 in proper form. The account balances are not provided. You can use any number you deem appropriate.
Accounts: Cash & cash equivalents Sales discounts Supplies Bank loan Prepaid insurance expense Accumulated amortization-office equipment Office equipment Accounts payable Note receivable Note payable Drawings Accounts receivable Capital Sales Revenue Cost of goods sold Insurance expense Rent expense Sales returns and allowances Mortgage payable Land Interest expense Salaries and benefits expense Utilities expense Copyright Amortization expense Totals
Additional data:
1. A treasury bill of $20,000 was forgotten and needs to be included.
2. 1/10 of the mortgage has to be paid by Dec. 31, 2019
3. 1/4 of the note receivable will be collected in 9 months.
Some accounts are missing amounts, and additional adjustments may be necessary to present the financial statements accurately.
There are different ways to present financial statements, but generally, the multi-step income statement has the following sections: sales revenue, cost of goods sold, gross profit, operating expenses, operating income, other income/expenses, income before taxes, and net income. Below is an example of how to prepare the multi-step income statement and classified balance sheet for RRG Company for the 3rd quarter of 2019.
Multi-step income statement for the 3rd quarter of 2019
RGG Company
Income Statement
For the 3rd Quarter of 2019Sales
Revenue$Cost of Goods SoldInventory,
Beginning Add Purchases
Less Purchase Returns and Allowances
Freight-in
Total Cost of Goods Sold
Gross Profit
Operating Expenses
Insurance ExpenseRent
ExpenseSalaries and Benefits Expense
Utilities Expense
Amortization ExpenseCopyright Amortization ExpenseInterest
ExpenseTotal Operating Expenses
Operating Income
Other Income/ExpenseGain/Loss from Sale of AssetsTotal Other Income/Expense
Income before Taxes
Income Tax Expense
Net Income
Classified balance sheet for the 3rd quarter of 2019RGG Company
Balance Sheet
As of September 30, 2019
AssetsCurrent
AssetsCash and Cash Equivalents$
Short-term InvestmentsAccounts ReceivableLess Allowance for Doubtful Accounts
InventoryPrepaid Insurance SuppliesTotal Current AssetsLong-term Investments Property, Plant, and EquipmentLandOffice EquipmentLess Accumulated Amortization Total Property, Plant, and Equipment
Total AssetsLiabilitiesCurrent LiabilitiesAccounts PayableNotes PayableAccrued LiabilitiesCurrent Maturities of Long-Term DebtTotal Current LiabilitiesLong-term LiabilitiesMortgage PayableTotal LiabilitiesStockholders'
EquityCapital Retained EarningsTotal Stockholders'
EquityTotal Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity
Note: Some accounts are missing amounts, and additional adjustments may be necessary to present the financial statements accurately.
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country y has 15 thousand acres of land and 45 thousand laborers, whereas the rest of the world has 100 thousand acres of land and 200 thousand laborers. these countries produce a labor-intensive good a, and a land-intensive good b. when trade opens up between these countries, it can be inferred that country y will:
It will benefit more from trade as the rest of the world will be importing the good at a relatively cheaper price. On the other hand, the rest of the world will be exporting Good B, a land-intensive good, and thus will only gain little benefit from trade.
Given that country Y has 15,000 acres of land and 45,000 laborers while the rest of the world has 100,000 acres of land and 200,000 laborers, both producing a labor-intensive good a and a land-intensive good b, it can be inferred that Country Y will benefit more from trade than the rest of the world.
Below are the reasons;
Initially, labor-intensive goods will be cheaper in Country Y than in the rest of the world due to their excess labor compared to their land. They will thus specialize in producing labor-intensive goods.
According to the Heckscher-Ohlin theorem, a country tends to export the goods that use its abundant resource intensively. In this case, Country Y is labor-abundant; hence it will specialize in labor-intensive goods which include Good A.
Therefore, when Country Y begins trading with the rest of the world, it will be exporting Good A as they have a comparative advantage.
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Using Integrated Marketing Communication theories and frameworks, and also using additional secondary research to support your response:
Discuss the opportunities and challenges in integrated marketing communication when the artificial intelligence (AI) becomes a popular channel between companies and consumers.
Provide recommendations for companies to leverage on this trend in IMC.
The increasing popularity of artificial intelligence (AI) as a channel between companies and consumers presents both opportunities and challenges in integrated marketing communication (IMC).
Opportunities arise from AI's ability to deliver personalized and targeted messages, enabling companies to enhance customer experiences and drive engagement. AI can automate data analysis, enabling real-time insights and improved decision-making.
Companies should consider the following recommendations to leverage this trend in IMC. Invest in AI-powered data analytics to uncover valuable insights and inform campaign strategies. Implement chatbots and virtual assistants to provide instant customer support and streamline interactions. Prioritize data privacy and transparency, ensuring consumer trust. Maintain a balance between AI automation and human connection to create personalized experiences.
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Suppose the real rate is 8 percent and the inflation rate is 2.6 percent. What rate would you expect to see on a Treasury bill? Multiple Choice O 9.73% O 9.19% O 12.43% 11.89% 10.81% O O
The expected rate on a Treasury bill would be approximately 10.6%.
Real rate = 8%
Inflation rate = 2.6%
Expected rate = Real rate + Inflation rate
Expected rate = 8% + 2.6%
Expected rate = 10.6%
A Treasury bill, often referred to as a T-bill, is a short-term debt instrument issued by a government to raise funds and manage its cash flow needs. It is typically issued by the Treasury Department and backed by the full faith and credit of the government. T-bills are considered one of the safest investments available because they are backed by a government guarantee.
T-bills have a maturity period ranging from a few days to one year, with commonly offered maturities of 4 weeks, 13 weeks, and 26 weeks. They are sold at a discount from their face value, and the investor receives the full face value upon maturity, effectively earning interest on the difference between the purchase price and the face value.
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How could Adidas use international market assessment to maximize sales in different global markets ?
Why does Adidas focus on promoting a single global brand & how do sports events help this strategy ?
How would currency fluctuations affect Adidas's profit in the US Market ?
How does Adidas use online platforms & social media to promote its events , sponsored athletes , & its products ?
Adidas could use international market assessment to maximize sales in different global markets through Competitive Analysis and Market Segmentation.
Adidas focus on promoting a single global brand & how do sports events help this strategy for Global Reach.
Currency fluctuations affect Adidas's profit in the US Market through Import and Export Costs
Adidas use online platforms & social media to promote its events by utilising the effect of social meia.
What is global markets ?The global market is the framework that allows for unrestricted trade, finance, and labor between various nations. Because of the interconnected nature of the modern economy, events in one country can have an impact on another.
There are three main markets for buying and selling in the modern global economy: the consumer, business, and government.
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Lindex Company uses a process costing system. The following data are available for one department for October.
Units Materials Conversion
Work in Process, October 1 50,000 90% 60%
Work in Process, October 31 30,000 70% 50%
The department started 390,000 units into production during the month and transferred 410,000 completed units to the next department.
Required:
Compute the equivalent units of production for October, assuming that the company uses the weighted average method of accounting for units and cost.
The table required is as such:
Equivalent Units
Materials
Conversion
Equivalent units of production.........................
431,000
425,000
To compute the equivalent units of production for October using the weighted average method, we need to calculate the equivalent units for both materials and conversion costs.
Equivalent units of production for materials:
Work in Process, October 1:
Equivalent units = Units in process × Percentage of completion
Equivalent units = 50,000 units × 90% = 45,000 units
Units started and completed during October:
Equivalent units = Units completed
Equivalent units = 410,000 units
Work in Process, October 31:
Equivalent units = Units in process × Percentage of completion
Equivalent units = 30,000 units × 70% = 21,000 units
Total equivalent units for materials = Equivalent units from each stage
Total equivalent units for materials = 45,000 units + 410,000 units + 21,000 units = 476,000 units
Equivalent units of production for conversion:
Work in Process, October 1:
Equivalent units = Units in process × Percentage of completion
Equivalent units = 50,000 units × 60% = 30,000 units
Units started and completed during October:
Equivalent units = Units completed
Equivalent units = 410,000 units
Work in Process, October 31:
Equivalent units = Units in process × Percentage of completion
Equivalent units = 30,000 units × 50% = 15,000 units
Total equivalent units for conversion = Equivalent units from each stage
Total equivalent units for conversion = 30,000 units + 410,000 units + 15,000 units = 455,000 units
Therefore, the equivalent units of production for October using the weighted average method are as follows:
Equivalent units of production for materials = 476,000 units
Equivalent units of production for conversion = 455,000 units
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A currency swap has a remaining life of 14 months. It involves exchanging interest at 8% on £10 million for interest at 7% on $16 million once a year. The term structure of interest rates in both the United Kingdom and the United States is currently flat, and if the swap were negotiated today the interest rates exchanged would be 4% in dollars and 6% in sterling. All interest rates are quoted with annual compounding. The current exchange rate (dollars per pound sterling) is 1.4500.
(a) What is the value of the swap to the party paying sterling?
(b)What is the value of the swap to the party paying dollars?
To calculate the value of the swap to the party paying sterling, we need to calculate the present value of the interest payments in pounds that it is going to receive from the dollar party and we get the value as $6,214,210.81.
We are given that the dollar party is going to pay 7% of $16 million annually. Therefore, the dollar party's annual payment in pounds will be:
7% of $16 million = 0.07 * 16,000,000
= $1,120,000
Since the sterling party will receive these payments annually, it will receive a series of future cash flows in pounds over the next 14 months. We are given that the current interest rate in sterling is 6% per annum.
Therefore, the present value of the future cash flows can be calculated using the formula for the present value of an annuity:
The present value of annuity = A * [1 - 1/(1 + r)n] / r
where A = the amount of each annuity payment,
r = the discount rate,
and n = the number of periods or the number of annuity payments that the present value is being calculated for.
Substituting the given values, we get:
Present value of the future cash flows = $1,120,000 * [1 - 1/(1 + 0.06)14] / 0.06
= $1,120,000 * 9.1708
= £10,300,096.00
Therefore, the value of the swap to the party paying sterling is £10,300,096.00.
To calculate the value of the swap to the party paying dollars, we need to calculate the present value of the interest payments in dollars that it is going to receive from the sterling party. We are given that the sterling party is going to pay 8% of £10 million annually.
Therefore, the sterling party's annual payment in dollars will be:
8% of £10 million = 0.08 * 10,000,000 / 1.4500
= $551,724.14
Since the dollar party will receive these payments annually, it will receive a series of future cash flows in dollars over the next 14 months. We are given that the current interest rate in dollars is 4% per annum.
Therefore, the present value of the future cash flows can be calculated using the formula for the present value of an annuity:
Present value of annuity = A * [1 - 1/(1 + r)n] / r
where A = the amount of each annuity payment,
r = the discount rate, and
n = the number of periods or the number of annuity payments that the present value is being calculated for.
Substituting the given values, we get:
Present value of the future cash flows = $551,724.14 * [1 - 1/(1 + 0.04)14] / 0.04
= $551,724.14 * 11.2621
= $6,214,210.81
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on july 1 a compnay receives an invoice for $800 with terms 1/10 net 30
On July 15, the payment should be . $692 . $790 . $792 . $800 . $808
The credit terms 1/10 net 30 indicate that the company is eligible for a cash discount of 1% if payment is made within 10 days, otherwise the full amount is due within 30 days.
In this case, the company received an invoice for $800 on July 1. If the company pays within the discount period, it can deduct the 1% discount from the invoice amount. The discount amount is calculated as $800 * 1% = $8.
To determine the payment amount on July 15, we subtract the discount amount from the invoice amount: $800 - $8 = $792.
Therefore, the correct answer is $792. On July 15, the payment should be $792 to take advantage of the 1% cash discount.
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How will recent huge hike in the price of petroleum product made by the Pakistani government affect the market of petrol, car, and motor bike? Analyze the impact on each product with the help of demand and supply curve.
The recent huge hike in the price of petroleum product made by the Pakistani government will affect the market of petrol, car, and motorbike in the following ways Petrol Increase in the price of petroleum product will lead to an increase in the price of petrol, which is a derivative of petroleum.
The supply curve of petrol will remain unaffected as the supply of petrol is dependent on the refining of petroleum. However, the demand curve will shift leftward, meaning that the quantity demanded of petrol will decrease. This is because the increase in price will make it more expensive for people to afford, thereby reducing the quantity demanded of petrol. Car An increase in the price of petrol will lead to a decrease in the demand for cars.
As with cars, an increase in the price of petrol will lead to a decrease in the demand for motorbikes. This is because motorbikes also require petrol to operate, and the increase in price will make it more expensive for people to afford. The demand curve of motorbikes will shift leftward, resulting in a decrease in the quantity demanded of motorbikes. In conclusion, the increase in the price of petroleum product made by the Pakistani government will lead to a decrease in the quantity demanded of petrol, cars, and motorbikes.
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You have been given the following information for Moore's HoneyBee Corp.: a. Net sales = $39,000,000. b. Gross profit = $18,900,000. c. Other operating expenses = $2,900,000. d. Addition to retained earnings = $7,133,000. e. Dividends paid to preferred and common stockholders = = $2,900,000. f. Depreciation expense = $2,900,000. The firm's tax rate is 21 percent. The firm's interest expense is all tax deductible. Calculate the cost of goods sold and the interest expense for Moore's HoneyBee Corp. (Round your answers to the nearest dollar amount.) Cost of goods sold Interest expense
The cost of goods sold to Moore's HoneyBee Corp given the sales, and gross profit would be $ 20, 100, 000
The interest expense would be $ 5, 507, 000
How to find the gross profit and interest expense ?Net Sales - COGS = Gross Profit
COGS = Net sales - Gross profit
= 39, 000, 000 - 18, 900, 000
= $ 20, 100, 000
To find the interest expense, find the net income to be :
= gross profit - operating expenses
= 18, 900, 000 - 2, 900, 000
= $ 16, 000, 000
The taxes are:
= 16, 000, 000 x 21 %
= $ 3, 360, 000
The interest is:
= Net income - taxes - addition to retained earnings
= 16, 000, 000 - 3, 360, 000 - 7, 133, 000
= $ 5, 507, 000
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In order to purchase manufacturing equipment, a company borrows $1,610,000 from a bank. The bank charges an interest rate of 6.00% per year, compounded annually. After 7 years, the company repays the bank in one single payment.
a) How much is the company required to pay the bank?
b) How much of the money the company pays the bank is to cover the interest charges?
a) The amount that the company is required to pay the bank will be the sum of the principal and interest. Using the compound interest formula to determine the future value of the loan, we can write:FV = PV(1 + r)n
where:FV is the future value (amount to be paid)PV is the present value (loan amount) r is the annual interest rate n is the number of years. Substituting the values given in the problem:PV = $1,610,000r = 6.00% = 0.06n = 7 (years)FV = $1,610,000(1 + 0.06)7= $2,338,725.97
So, the company is required to pay the bank $2,338,725.97 after 7 years.
b) The interest charges can be calculated by subtracting the principal (loan amount) from the future value (amount to be paid):Interest = FV - PV= $2,338,725.97 - $1,610,000= $728,725.97
Therefore, the amount the company pays to the bank to cover the interest charges is $728,725.97.
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1. When Nongfu spring water claim that it is the nature’s carrier in the advertisement, it makes the demand more elastic because the adver- tising persuades consumers to buy the product which is claimed to be of good quality.
2. Warranty can serve as a signaling device of a product liability, because consumers take more care about the product provided by reliable firm.
3. After the milk crisis of 2008, despite the effort of some dairy firms to improve food safety, consumers are still skeptical for the domestic dairy product because their belief on food safety is based on the whole industry’s past, instead of the individual firm’s past.
4. Perfect competition cannot be the first-best benchmark for the net- work economy because there is coordination failure among users of the network goods even under perfect competition.
5. When President Xi claimed that "The principle contradiction of China is between unbalanced and inadequate development and the people’s ever-growing needs for a better life", it raises a big challenge for the regulation because a better life requires a higher quality, an attribute not easily to be observed, verified and contracted.
6. If consumers’ preference is captured by a discrete choice approach, we see the consumers having a common preference on the attributes of products and each consumer purchases only one unit of product.
7. If capacity choice is strategic substitute, an increase of capacity by one firm will induce other firms to decrease their capacity.
The claim of being "nature's carrier" in Nongfu Spring water's advertisement can make the demand more elastic by persuading consumers to perceive the product as of good quality and increasing their responsiveness to price changes.
When Nongfu Spring water claims to be the "nature's carrier" in their advertisement, it can make the demand for their product more elastic. This is because the advertising message persuades consumers that the product is of good quality, which can influence their purchasing decisions.
By positioning their water as "nature's carrier," Nongfu Spring creates an association with natural and pristine qualities. This claim appeals to consumers who value natural and high-quality products. The persuasive nature of the advertising can increase consumer interest and curiosity, leading to a higher willingness to try the product.
As a result, the demand becomes more elastic because consumers become more responsive to changes in price. When consumers perceive Nongfu Spring water as a superior product due to the advertising claim, they may be more willing to explore other available options or substitutes if the price of Nongfu Spring water becomes relatively higher. This increased responsiveness to price changes reflects a more elastic demand.
Moreover, the claim of being "nature's carrier" implies a certain level of differentiation and uniqueness in the market. If consumers perceive Nongfu Spring water as a distinct and superior brand, they may be more willing to switch to alternative brands or products if the price of Nongfu Spring water increases significantly. This further contributes to the elasticity of demand.
It's important to note that other factors, such as brand loyalty and availability of substitutes, also play a role in determining the elasticity of demand. However, the persuasive advertising claim of being "nature's carrier" can certainly influence consumer perceptions and make the demand for Nongfu Spring water more elastic.
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4. An equal rise in government spending and taxes will have what effect on the position of the aggregate demand curve?
An equal rise in government spending and taxes will have no effect on the position of the aggregate demand curve.
When government spending and taxes both rise by an equal amount, it means that the government is implementing a neutral fiscal policy. In this case, the increase in government spending stimulates aggregate demand as it injects more money into the economy through government expenditures. However, the increase in taxes reduces disposable income and decreases consumer spending, which partially offsets the impact of the government spending increase.
As a result, the aggregate demand curve remains unchanged in terms of its position. The equal rise in government spending and taxes does not shift the aggregate demand curve to the left or right. It merely alters the composition of aggregate demand, with the increase in government spending partially offsetting the decrease in consumer spending due to higher taxes.
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Federal tax deposit have various due dates, depending on the amount. Identify which of the following schedules are used:
Monthly payments
Next banking day payments
Semiweekly payments
Federal tax deposits are the federal income tax withholdings as well as the social security and Medicare taxes withheld from employee salaries. Employers are required to pay these taxes to the IRS via electronic funds transfer (EFTPS) at predetermined intervals and amounts.
Federal tax deposit has various due dates, depending on the amount. The schedule used is semiweekly payments. What are federal tax deposits?
Federal tax deposits are the federal income tax withholdings as well as the social security and Medicare taxes withheld from employee salaries. Employers are required to pay these taxes to the IRS via electronic funds transfer (EFTPS) at predetermined intervals and amounts. There are four distinct deposit schedules for federal tax deposits: monthly, semiweekly, next-day, and monthly for seasonal employers. The deposit schedule used by a taxpayer is determined by the IRS based on the deposit history of their employment tax returns.
For 2021, if the tax deposit is $100,000 or more, the deposit must be made the next day. If the tax deposit is less than $100,000, then it follows the semi-weekly schedule. The due date of a semi-weekly deposit depends on the employer's payday. For payments made on Wednesday, Thursday, and Friday, the deposit is due on the following Wednesday. For payments made on Saturday, Sunday, Monday, and Tuesday, the deposit is due the next Friday. The monthly schedule is used for employers whose tax liability is less than $2,500 per quarter. On or before the 15th day of the following month, deposits are due. The next day payment schedule is used for the smallest businesses.
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Lincoln Corporation purchases all of the assets of Matlock Corporation and, in writing, says that it does not take responsibility for the liabilities of Matlock Corporation. Lincoln services many of Matlock's former customers and employs many of Matlock's former employees. If an individual with a claim against Matlock files a lawsuit against Lincoln, a court would most likely a. dismiss the lawsuit because Lincoln did not own Matlock when the individual was injured by the Matlock. O b. allow the lawsuit because the purchase of assets was evidenced in writing. O c. allow the lawsuit, because the purchase of assets and continuation of Matlock's business amounted to what is basically a merger. d. dismiss the lawsuit, because there was no merger.
If an individual with a claim against Matlock files a lawsuit against Lincoln, a court would most likely allow the lawsuit, because the purchase of assets and continuation of Matlock's business amounted to what is basically a merger.
In the case of the purchase of all the assets of Matlock Corporation by the Lincoln Corporation, the former has a legal obligation to the individuals who had a claim against it. Even if Lincoln explicitly stated that it would not take responsibility for the liabilities of Matlock Corporation in writing, the court is more likely to allow the lawsuit. This is because the purchase of assets and the continuation of Matlock's business can be seen as a type of merger.This legal obligation would not have been avoided by Lincoln Corporation through the purchase of Matlock Corporation's assets. Therefore, the lawsuit filed against the Lincoln Corporation by the individual who has a claim against Matlock is valid and will most likely be allowed by the court.
Thus, it can be concluded that the lawsuit filed by the individual against the Lincoln Corporation is likely to be allowed by the court because the purchase of assets and continuation of business of Matlock Corporation amount to what is essentially a merger.
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1. Total overtime earnings for an employee who earns $68,000/year, is paid an overtime rate is 1.5 times their regular hourly rate, and worked 45 hours during a recent week are $_____.
2. Arthur has taught marketing at a local community college for 13 years. Recently he was awarded a sabbatical for the spring term of the upcoming academic year. Which term best describes the sabbatical?
Answer:
A.Discretionary bonus
B.Nondiscretionary bonus
C.Incentive plan
D.Commission
3. What term is used when an employee is paid for producing a measurable output?
Answer:
A.Independent contractor
B.Piecework
C.Commission
D.Discretionary
4. The FLSA _____ overtime to be paid to an employee who works night or weekend shifts (assuming the 40 hours per week threshold has NOT been met).
Answer:
A.always requires
B.sometimes requires
C.never requires
D.might require
5. Match each alternative compensation to its definition.
-Incentive plan
-Bonus
-Commission
-Extra pay for increased productivity
-Planned or unplanned additional amount
-Paid a percentage of each sale
1. The total overtime earnings for the employee for that week would be $243.68.
2. the term that best describes Arthur's situation is "A. Discretionary bonus." Option A
3. The term used when an employee is paid for producing a measurable output is "B. Piecework.
4. The FLSA sometimes requires overtime to be paid to an employee who works night or weekend shifts. Option B
5. - Incentive plan: Extra pay for increased productivity
- Bonus: Planned or unplanned additional amount
- Commission: Paid a percentage of each sale
1. Total overtime earnings for an employee who earns $68,000/year, is paid an overtime rate of 1.5 times their regular hourly rate, and worked 45 hours during a recent week are $_____.
To calculate the total overtime earnings for the employee, we need to determine their regular hourly rate and the overtime hours worked. Let's assume a standard workweek of 40 hours.
Regular hourly rate = Annual salary / (Number of weeks in a year * Number of hours in a workweek)
Regular hourly rate = $68,000 / (52 weeks * 40 hours) = $32.69/hour
Overtime hours = Total hours worked - Standard workweek hours
Overtime hours = 45 hours - 40 hours = 5 hours
Overtime earnings = Overtime hours * Overtime rate
Overtime earnings = 5 hours * ($32.69/hour * 1.5) = $243.68
Therefore, the total overtime earnings for the employee for that week would be $243.68.
2. Arthur has taught marketing at a local community college for 13 years. Recently, he was awarded a sabbatical for the spring term of the upcoming academic year. Which term best describes the sabbatical?
A sabbatical is a period of paid leave granted to an employee, typically in academia, to engage in research, study, or professional development. It is a planned break from regular teaching duties and is often awarded after a certain period of service. Therefore, the term that best describes Arthur's situation is "A. Discretionary bonus."
3. What term is used when an employee is paid for producing a measurable output?
The term used when an employee is paid for producing a measurable output is "B. Piecework." In a piecework system, employees are compensated based on the number of units they produce or tasks they complete. The pay is directly tied to their productivity, incentivizing them to work efficiently and produce more output.
4. The FLSA _____ overtime to be paid to an employee who works night or weekend shifts (assuming the 40 hours per week threshold has NOT been met).
The correct answer is "B. sometimes requires." The Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) sets the federal guidelines for minimum wage and overtime pay. Under the FLSA, employers are required to pay overtime to employees who work more than 40 hours in a workweek. However, the FLSA does not specifically require overtime pay for working night or weekend shifts unless the employee exceeds the 40-hour threshold.
5. Match each alternative compensation to its definition.
- Incentive plan: Extra pay for increased productivity
- Bonus: Planned or unplanned additional amount
- Commission: Paid a percentage of each sale
Incentive plans are designed to motivate employees to achieve specific goals or targets by providing them with additional compensation for increased productivity or performance.
Bonuses can be planned or unplanned additional amounts given to employees as a reward for their exceptional performance, meeting certain targets, or as a holiday or year-end bonus.
Commission is a form of compensation where employees receive a percentage of each sale they make. It is commonly used in sales roles to incentivize employees to generate more sales and revenue for the company.
By matching the definitions to the respective terms, we can conclude:
- Incentive plan: Extra pay for increased productivity
- Bonus: Planned or unplanned additional amount
- Commission: Paid a percentage of each sale
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Vincent Corporation makes bicycles. For many years, Vincent has made the rear wheel assembly for its bicycles. Recently, Herro Company offered to sell these rear wheel assemblies to Vincent. If Vincent makes the assembly, its cost per rear wheel assembly is as follows:
Direct materials $6.00
Direct labor 14.00
Variable manufacturing overhead 7.00
Fixed manufacturing overhead, avoidable 4.00
Fixed manufacturing overhead, unavoidable
(allocated on the basis of labor-hours) 7.00
Unit product cost $38.00
These costs are based on an annual production of 30,000 units.
Herro offered to sell the assembly to Vincent for $32.00 each. The total order would amount to 30,000 rear wheel assemblies per year, which Vincent’s management will buy instead of making if the company can save at least $80,000 per year.
Required:
Should Vincent make rear wheel assemblies or buy them from Herro? Show computations.
Discuss qualitative factors that might be considered in the decision-making process.
Vincent Corporation, a bicycle manufacturer, has been producing its rear wheel assemblies in-house for a long time. However, Herro Company has recently offered to sell these assemblies to Vincent. It is recommended that Vincent should purchase the rear wheel assemblies from Herro, as it would result in cost savings of $8 per unit.
This amounts to a substantial annual saving of $240,000, surpassing the management's benchmark of $80,000.
In addition to the quantitative factors, Vincent should also consider qualitative aspects such as the supplier's reputation, the quality of parts provided by Herro, and the potential for a long-term relationship.
Factors like warranty, delivery time, and payment terms should also be evaluated to make a final decision between buying from Herro or continuing in-house assembly.
Both qualitative and quantitative considerations are crucial in determining the optimal course of action.
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Assume that the Reserve Bank of Australia have implemented contractionary monetary policy to bring inflation back inside the target band of 2% to 3%. What would be the impact of this policy choice on
Contractionary monetary policy implemented by the Reserve Bank of Australia will have various impacts on the economy. The policy choice will reduce the money supply, lower aggregate demand, increase unemployment and reduce inflation.
The Reserve Bank of Australia may implement contractionary monetary policy to achieve its inflation target, which means that they will increase the cash rate, or the interest rate that banks pay to borrow from the central bank. This will increase the cost of borrowing for households and firms, reducing their spending power and reducing aggregate demand. As a result, businesses may not invest in new projects, and consumer demand for goods and services may fall, leading to a slowdown in the economy.
When the Reserve Bank of Australia implements contractionary monetary policy, it will also reduce the money supply. As a result, firms may find it challenging to finance new projects, and households may find it difficult to obtain credit, reducing their spending power. The decrease in spending power will lead to a decrease in aggregate demand, which will further reduce the economy's growth rate.
Furthermore, a decrease in aggregate demand will lead to an increase in unemployment. Firms may reduce their workforce, and households may have less money to spend on non-essential items, reducing the demand for labour in certain industries. As a result, this decrease in employment will reduce the overall income level of households, further reducing aggregate demand.
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When the income elasticity of demand for a good is negative, the good is
a. Normal good.
b. Luxury good.
c. Inferior good.
d. Giffen good.
When the income elasticity of demand for a good is negative, the good is an inferior good. The correct answer is option(c).
The income elasticity of demand measures the responsiveness of demand to changes in consumer income. Income elasticity of demand is a measure of how the quantity of a good demanded changes when income changes. It is calculated by taking the percentage change in the quantity demanded of a good and dividing it by the percentage change in income.
When the income elasticity of demand for a good is negative, the good is an inferior good. An inferior good is a type of good that has a negative income elasticity of demand. As a result, the demand for the good falls as the income of the consumer increases. The income elasticity of demand is negative because people with more income tend to buy more expensive, higher-quality goods. Inferior goods are typically cheaper and of lower quality than normal goods. Examples of inferior goods include ramen noodles, public transportation, and used cars.
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Measure Maps Silver Lining Inc. has a balanced scorecard with a strategy map that shows that delivery time and the number of erroneous shipments are expected to affect the company's ability to satisfy the customer. Further, the strategy map for the balanced scorecard shows that the hours from ordered to delivered affects the percentage of customers who shop again, and the number of erroneous shipments affects the online customer satisfaction rating. The following information is also available: The company's target hours from ordered to delivered is 20. Every hour over the ordered-to-delivered target results in a 0.5% decrease in the percentage of customers who shop again. The company's target number of erroneous shipments per year is no more than 75. Every error over the erroneous shipments target results in a 0.05 point decrease in the online customer satisfaction rating and an added future financial loss of $500. The company estimates that for every 1% decrease in the percentage of customers who shop again, future profit decreases by $3,000 and market share decreases by 0.3%. The company also estimates that for every 1 point decrease in the overall online customer satisfaction rating (on a scale of 1 to 10), future profit decreases by $3,000 and market share decreases by 0.6%. Using these estimates, determine how much future profit and future market share will change if:
Future profit and market share will decrease by $6,000 and 0.9% respectively.
What is the impact on future profit and market share?Based on the given information and estimates, if the delivery time exceeds the target and the number of erroneous shipments exceeds the limit, the future profit and market share of Silver Lining Inc. will be negatively affected. For every hour over the ordered-to-delivered target of 20 hours, there is a 0.5% decrease in the percentage of customers who shop again. Similarly, for every error beyond the target of 75 shipments, there is a 0.05 point decrease in the online customer satisfaction rating.
The company estimates that a 1% decrease in the percentage of customers who shop again leads to a future profit decrease of $3,000 and a market share decrease of 0.3%. Additionally, a 1 point decrease in the online customer satisfaction rating results in a future profit decrease of $3,000 and a market share decrease of 0.6%.
Therefore, if the delivery time and erroneous shipments result in a decrease of 1% in the percentage of customers who shop again and a 1 point decrease in the overall online customer satisfaction rating, the future profit of Silver Lining Inc. will decrease by $6,000 and the market share will decrease by 0.9%.
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Jordano Food Products
Supply Chain Profile
Jordano Foods
Tracie Shannon, Vice President for Logistics at Jordano Foods (Jordano), had just sent the following e-mail to members of the executive committee of the company:
I just returned from a lengthy meeting with Susan Weber, CEO of SAB Distribution. She is under great pressure from her Board of Directors to continue to grow market share and improve profitability. SAB has received a recent tender offer from another larger food distributor to buy the company and several members of their board have recommended that the offer be seriously considered. Susan feels that SAB can continue to improve their "bottom line" with additional changes in service offerings. Ms. Weber is meeting with all of SAB’s major suppliers and customers to discuss new services that SAB can offer to enhance the competitiveness of the SAB supply chain.
Background On Jordano Foods
Jordano Foods was founded in 1950 in Lewistown, Pennsylvania, by two brothers, Luigi and Mario Jordano. Their parents operated a restaurant in Burnham, Pennsylvania, featuring Italian cuisine. Marie Jordano was famous for her culinary skills. She developed her own recipes for pasta sauce, meatballs, fresh and dry pasta, and other Italian food items. Luigi and Mario worked in a restaurant prior to establishing Jordano Foods. The brothers felt that they could capitalize on the family recipes by selling pasta, sauces, and other related Italian food products to other restaurants in nearby communities in central Pennsylvania.
Their initial venture was so successful that they expanded their product line and began selling their products too small to medium-sized wholesalers and distributors throughout Pennsylvania. They built a plant in Lewistown to produce their food products and subsequently built another plant in Elizabethtown, Pennsylvania, and a warehouse in Mechanicsburg, Pennsylvania.
Current Situation
The 1990s and 2000s were times of signiἀcant growth for Jordano. Mario and Luigi were still active in the company as president/CEO and chairman of the board, respectively. Revenue now exceeded $600 million per year, and a third plant had been built in the western part of Pennsylvania near Uniontown. A group of professional managers has been developed in the company to head up the major functional areas. Tracie Shannon was hired in 2010 to manage the logistics area which had not received much attention.
Tracie realized that the Jordano brothers had managed and developed the manufacturing and marketing functions during the formative years, and these two areas had been considered as cornerstones of the company’s success. Logistics was a relatively new functional area for Jordano, but had received more attention during with Tracie’s vision and leadership. The new vision of Susan Weber for SAB had tremendous potential for all members of their supply chain, including Jordano Foods. Now, Tracie has to help orchestrate the transformation of Jordano.
1. What is your overall evaluation of the potential for Jordano Foods in this new relationship with SAB? Explain your position.
2. What areas of logistics do you think have the most potential for Jordano and SAB to collaborate for the beneἀt of SAB’s customers? Why?
These areas have the most potential for Jordano and SAB to collaborate for the benefit of SAB’s customers.
1. The potential for Jordano Foods in this new relationship with SAB is very high. The reason behind this statement is the fact that SAB has received a recent tender offer from another larger food distributor to buy the company and several members of their board have recommended that the offer be seriously considered. Susan Weber feels that SAB can continue to improve their "bottom line" with additional changes in service offerings. Ms. Weber is meeting with all of SAB’s major suppliers and customers to discuss new services that SAB can offer to enhance the competitiveness of the SAB supply chain. Thus, the new vision of Susan Weber for SAB had tremendous potential for all members of their supply chain, including Jordano Foods.2. The areas of logistics that have the most potential for Jordano and SAB to collaborate for the benefit of SAB’s customers include supply chain integration, logistics network design, inventory management, and transportation management. Transportation management can be optimized to reduce costs, improve service levels, and reduce delivery times. Therefore, these areas have the most potential for Jordano and SAB to collaborate for the benefit of SAB’s customers.
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