Antigens are foreign proteins that invade the systems of organisms. Vaccines function by stimulating an organism's immune system to develop antibodies against a particular antigen. Developing a vaccine involves producing an antigen that can be introduced into the organism being vaccinated and which will trigger an immune response without causing the disease associated with the antigen. Certain strains of bacteria can be used to produce antigens used in vaccines. Which of the following best explains how bacteria can be genetically engineered to produce a desired antigen? A. The gene coding for the antigen can be inserted into plasmids that can be used to transform the bacteria. B. The bacteria need to be exposed to the antigen so they can produce the antibodies. C. The DNA of the antigen has to be transcribed in order for the mRNA produced to be inserted into the bacteria. D. The mRNA of the antigen has to be translated in order for the protein to be inserted into the bacteria.
Answer:
A. The gene coding for the antigen can be inserted into plasmids that can be used to transform the bacteria.
Explanation:
Genetic engineering is the process of manipulating an organim's genome in order to yield a desirable result. According to this question, a vaccine is to be created using an antigen that will trigger an immune response against the particular disease in the involved organism.
However, the antigens needs to be produced by genetically engineering/modifying bacteria. To do this, the gene coding for the antigen can be inserted into plasmids, an extra-chromosomal DNA, that can be used to transform the bacteria. In other words, the plasmid + antigen gene, which represents the recombinant DNA will confer upon the transformed bacteria the ability to produce the antigen.
Answer:
The gene coding for the antigen can be inserted into plasmids that can be used to transform the bacteria.
Which sentence best explains how a unicellular organism gets rid of wastes?
A. It releases them into the environment through its cell membrane.
B. It combines specialized cells into tissues that get rid of wastes.
O c. It has an excretory system that releases wastes.
D. It relies on individual specialized cells to get rid of wastes.
Answer:
A. It releases them into the environment through its cell membrane.
Explanation:
Many unicellular organisms excrete waste products by diffusion from their body surface due to their small size.
True/False: The law of conservation of matter applies to the cycle of photosynthesis and cellular respiration.
Answer:
It is true, The law of conservation of mass is tied to the fact that in chemical processes, atoms are conserved. Since every atom is contributed to the mass of reactants and products in a reaction, not losing any atoms is equivalent to not losing any mass.
How come you don't see the carotene pigments?
HELP PLEASE!!!!!!!!!
Answer: Carotenoids are pigments in plants, algae, and photosynthetic bacteria. These pigments produce the bright yellow, red, and orange colors in plants, vegetables, and fruits.Carotenoids act as a type of antioxidant for humans.There are more than 600 different types of carotenoids. Some can be converted into vitamin A when released into the body. A few of the most common carotenoids include: 1. alpha carotene 2. beta carotene 3. beta cryptoxanthin 4. lutein 5. zeaxanthin 6.lycopene
Explanation:
what is the only organism that does not eat prey?
Answer:
The only organism that doesn't eat prey is prob scavengers, because scavengers eat dead organisms, so I don't rlly think dead organisms are preys :3
Explanation:
:3
what happens when you put a small amount of solute in a large amount of solvent?
a.the solution will be concentrated
Explanation:
the solution will be diluted or less concentrated ...as amount of solvent is greater than amount of solute ..
hope this will be helpful to you . plz mark my answer as brainlist if you find it useful.
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Answer:
thats hard but brb imma find the answer for u
Answer: Their go the answers to you question
Explanation: The answers are here
DUE TODAY
A flower that has showy stamens, but no petals is,
Group of answer choices
perfect
bilateral symmetry
irregular
incomplete
The Five Kingdom classification system was used until the invention of:
A. the microscope.
B. the scientific method.
C. DNA sequencing.
D. genes.
The Five Kingdom classification system was used until the invention of option A. the microscope.
What are the five kingdoms?The living organisms should be divided into five different kingdoms i.e.
FungiProtistaAnimaliamoneraAnd the plantar.These are based on the attributes like the structure of the cell, nutrition mode, reproduction mode, etc,
Based on this, we can say that The Five Kingdom classification system was used until the invention of option A. the microscope.
Correction on the title: What are the five kingdoms Please use bullets to enumerate the kingdoms
Learn more about kingdom here: https://brainly.com/question/16568397
Drag each image to the correct category.
Determine the effect of each ocean process on the salinity of the ocean.
Sea ice melts
Sea ice forms no
Ocean water
evaporates
A freshwater
stream enters
the ocean
Ocean Salinity Increases
Ocean Salinity Decreases
Answer:
1. in ocean salinity increases
2. ocean salinity decreases
3.ocean salinity increases
4. ocean salinity decreases.
Explanation:
The salinity of the ocean is increased by the evaporation of ocean water and the formation of sea ice.
The salinity of the ocean is decreased by the melting of sea ice and entering a freshwater stream into the sea.
What is Ocean Salinity?Ocean salinity may be defined as the presence of the concentration of salts in the ocean. A Hydrometer is an instrument that determines the salinity of the ocean.
The addition of freshwater streams into the ocean and melting of ice reduce its salinity, as it makes the sea water less dense.
On contrary, the left two processes are opposite to above and thus are responsible for increasing the salinity of the ocean.
Therefore, it is well described above.
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In North America, about 65% of the population can taste
PTC
Calculate the frequencies of the dominant allele (p) and
the recessive allele (q) for the information presented.
Round to the nearest hundredth.
Value of p:
Value of q:
Answer:
p= 0.41
q=0.59
What is the effect if any of this mutation on the amino acid chain produced
Answer:
A missense mutation is a mistake in the DNA which results in the wrong amino acid being incorporated into a protein because of change, that single DNA sequence change, results in a different amino acid codon which the ribosome recognizes. Changes in amino acid can be very important in the function of a protein.
Explanation:
Hope this helps
The effect if any of the mutations on the amino acid chain produces that change is called a "missense mutation," because in this type of mutation, the amino acid gets changed.
What is the significance of the types of mutations?There are many different types of mutations that occur during polypeptide formation, such as those that occur but have no effect on the overall structure and function of the enzyme, proteins, etc.; these are known as "silent mutations," while others result in single amino acid changes and are known as "missense mutations." It has many implications, such as in sickle cell anemia, where a single amino acid change causes a change in the hemoglobin structure.
Hence, the effect if any of the mutations on the amino acid chain produces that change is called a "missense mutation," because in this type of mutation, the amino acid gets changed.
Learn more about the mutations here.
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13. Colorblindness is an x-linked recessive trait. What
does this mean for individual IV-7's male children?
Answer:
The male children cannot be colourblind because chromosomes for males are XY, and because it is a recessive trait, they would need 2 X chromosome with the colourblindness trait
why the ocean near Christchurch is a different temperature than we’d expect for its latitude (distance from the equator).
Answer:
Water moving from the equator is warmer than would be expected based on latitude, and so is warmer than the air it passes.
Nitrogen cannot be used by plants or animals in its gaseous form. Place the steps of the nitrogen cycle in order to show how nitrogen becomes usable to plants and animals.
Explanation:
I don't know the answer, but someone already answer it the question are similar you can check for your self
what are notes for the nervous system section in edge?
plz tell me the truth
Answer:
The Brain
In the brain, the cerebrum is the largest part; it controls voluntary movement (actions you choose to do), sensory processing (vision, hearing, smell, taste, touch), speech, memory, intelligence, and emotion. The cerebrum allows you to move your muscles and know what to do when you're playing. Next, the cerebellum helps regulate motor control, coordination, and balance. The cerebellum lets you play your favorite sport since it detects shifts in balance when you're moving then sends signals to your body so it can adjust and move smoothly. The brain stem has several necessary functions: however, the medulla oblongata, which connects the brain and spinal cord, best helps you play sports since it executes a critical role in regulating involuntary functions, including respiration (breathing), heart rate, blood flow/pressure, and digestion. It is essential when exercising since it controls your heart to pump blood and deliver oxygen throughout your body; respiration provides the energy you need when playing sports and oxygen to your heart.
Neurons
However, we can go into further analysis, as three types of neurons transmit information throughout your body: sensory neurons, interneurons, and motor neurons. Sensory and motor neurons are located in the PNS (Peripheral Nervous System), while the CNS (Central Nervous System) holds the interneurons.
When you react to something, your body decides what it should do by sending impulses throughout the body.
Sensory Neurons
First, sensory neurons convey the information from the sensory organs (PNS) into the CNS.
Interneurons
The interneurons receive the impulses from sensory neurons in the CNS then relay the brain's response to motor neurons.
Motor Neurons
Finally, motor neurons transport impulses from the spinal cord (CNS) to the muscles or glands in your body.
Many farmers and gardeners compost their plant and animal waste. The living material naturally decays in compost bins, forming a dirt-like substance that’s rich in nutrients. The next season, farmers use this substance as a natural fertilizer for their crops. A biology student has grown tomato plants for several years. Until now, he used an artificial fertilizer formulated for tomato plants. This fertilizer caused his plants to grow faster and taller than they grew in unfertilized soil. The student wants to know whether using natural compost will cause his tomato plants to grow faster and taller than his artificial fertilizer. Answer the following questions to plan an investigation using the steps of the scientific method and help the student find the answer to his question. Construct at least two possible hypothesis for the students experiment
Answer:The student's observations before he starts his experiment are that his tomato plants grew faster and taller with his artificial fertilizer rather than without any fertilizer at all.
Explanation:
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of the following job analytic techniques, which is aimed at directly connecting job analysis to the selection context by identifying the knowledge, skills, abilities, and other characteristics (KSAOs) necessary for the job?
Answer:
patience
Explanation:
true or false.chromatid separet during anaphase
Answer:
the answer of the question is False
Why might it be an issue to cut the trees down to build a home/shelter? How would that impact the respiration/photosynthesis cycle?
Answer:
Trees are one of the most important things lives
Because the trees take our carbon dioxide and gives us oxygen in return. It will also low the rate of oxygen provided by trees leading to may be increase in the global warming rate, and also production of heat and suffocation in crowded rooms
The three basic parts of a nucleus are the nuclear membrane, the nucleolus and the___
options:
Chromatin
vacuoles
Golgi bodies
Answer:
chromatin
Explanation:
its DNA and proteins that form chromosomes in the nucleus I'm pretty sure
Answer:
Chromatin
Explanation:
The nucleus has three parts the nuclear membrane, chromatin, and nucleolus.
1. A study is being done to test the effects of habitat space on the size of fish populations. Different sized aquariums are set up with six goldfish in each one. Over a period of six months, the fish are fed the same type and amount of food. The aquariums are equally maintained and cleaned throughout the experiment. The temperature of the water is kept constant. At the end of the experiment the number of surviving fish are surveyed. a. Independent Variable: b. Dependent Variable: c. Controlled Variables/Constants: d. Experimental Controls/Control Groups:
Answer:
a. Independent Variable: different sized aquariums
b. Dependent Variable: number of surviving fish
c. Controlled Variables/Constants: amount and type of food, aquarium maintenance and water temperature
d. Experimental Controls/Control Groups: none
Explanation:
In an experiment, the dependent variable is the condition that is being measured or tested in the experimental procedure, while the independent variable isn't changed and serves to measure the outcome of the dependent variable. Moreover, the constant variables are those conditions that stay the same in the experiment. As observed in the case above described, an experiment usually has multiple constant variables. Finally, a control group is composed of individuals/research subjects who do not receive the experimental treatment, and therefore they can be used to compare the outcomes observed in the experimental groups.
single-celled organisms are prokaryotes, such as archaeans and bacteria.
Answer:
That's right.
Explanation:
It doesn't seem you're asking anything, if you're asking for confirmation this is right then I can tell you it is.
Which statement correctly describes proteins?
A
Polypeptide chains are formed in the nucleus.
B
DNA is the original source of protein structure.
C
The function of a protein is determined by the RNA.
D
Each nucleotide base is encoded into a single amino acid.
Answer: B
Explanation:
A - not correct since polypeptide chains are formed in ribosomes which exist in the cytoplasm
C. not correct -protein function is determined by DNA
D. not correct - 3 nucleotides aka a codon is encoded into a single amino acid.
Answer:
B.) DNA is the original source of protein structure.
Explanation:
Why don’t mosses grow very tall?
They need energy to make food, which they get by being close to the ground.
They don’t have roots, so they must be near water.
They need to send out spores via water.
They have seeds that need to roll away.
Answer:
Hello~
Llamalover here!
Mosses have some water-conducting cells, but they do not have the empty, lignin-reinforced cells that allow vascular plants to transport water with strong pressure gradients. Thus, mosses have very limited water transport ability and can't grow very tall.
So, your answer is They need to send out spores via water. I believe
Explanation:
Hope this helps!
Abe knew from his anatomy class that there are three different kinds of muscle tissue in the body. He knew lifting weights would help build the skeletal muscle and that running was good for cardiac muscle health. He was surprised to find out that his blood vessels had smooth muscle, so his exercise regimen was actually benefitting all the muscle types of his body. Correctly sort each of the characteristics into the appropriate category. View Available Hint(s) Reset Help Under voluntary control Has greatest capacity to regenerate Always multinucleated Arranged into fascicles Lacks sarcomeres Gap junctions needed for coordinated contractions Connected by intercalated discs Exhibits inherent rhythmicity Typically arranged into circular and longitudinal layers Skeletal muscle Cardiac muscle Smooth muscle
Answer:
SKELETAL MUSCELES CARDIAC MUSCLES SMOOTH MUSCLES
Explanation:
SKELETAL MUSCLES -: There are long, cylindrical, and striated skeletal muscle cells. They are multi-nucleated, which means they have more than one nucleus. This is because from the fusion of embryonic myoblasts, they are created. Each nucleus controls the sarcoplasm's metabolic demands around it. There are high energy requirements for skeletal muscle cells, because they contain several mitochondria in order to generate adequate ATP. Examples of skeletal muscles: arms and legs- The muscles that belong to the arms and legs feature in pairs. Abdomen and Back- These muscles are connected to the various sets of skeletal muscles that run across the torso.CARDIAC MUSCLES -: Cardiomyocytes have a short and narrow outline and are fairly rectangular. They are about 0.02 mm wide and 0.1 mm (millimetres) long, respectively. There are many sarcosomes in cardiomyocytes, which provide the required energy for contraction. Cardiomyocytes usually contain a single nucleus, unlike skeletal muscle cells. Cardiomyocytes, although they contain more sarcosomes, normally contain the same cell organelles as skeletal muscle cells. example - cardiac muscle is present in heart. SMOOTH MUSCLES -: Smooth muscle cells have a single central nucleus and are spindle-shaped. They range in length from 10 to 600 μm (micrometers), and are the tiniest type of muscle cell. In the expansion of organs like the kidneys , lungs, and vagina, they are elastic and therefore essential. As in cardiac and skeletal muscle, the myofibrils of smooth muscle cells are not aligned, meaning they are not striated, hence the term smooth. example of smooth muscles -: Walls of blood vessels , Walls of stomach , Ureters , Intestines , In the aorta (tunica media layer), Iris of the eye. ,Prostate and Gastrointestinal Tract.
Name two homologous structures in vertebrates. Why are they so called ? How do such organs help in understanding an evolutionary relationship ?
Please help me with this, i'll reward brainliest.
Answer:
1) homologous structures in vertebrates - Limbs of birds, mammals, amphibians and reptiles. 2) They are so called since they have similar basic structural plan, but appear different externally and perform different function. However they have evolved from a common ancestor. 3) The homologous characteristics indicate common ancestory.
Explanation:
I just hope this helps!
➜ Two homologous structures in vertebrates are:
Limbs of birds and reptiles.Limbs of reptiles and amphibians.These are so called because the organ have similar structure to perform different functions in various vertebrates.
The homologous characteristics of such organs indicate common ancestory. Thus these exist an evolutionary relationship.
Who can help me fill this in
Answer:
a - flower
b - ovule
c - fruit
d - embryo
e - seed
f - seedling
Explanation:
Help please
the classification level that includes the most specific traits
A. species
B. kingdom
C. class
D. order
When the body is attacked by a foreign substance, the _____ defenses are the first to react.
Answer:
Correct answer is "non specific defenses"
Answer:
non specific
Explanation:
When the body is attacked by a foreign substance, the non specific defenses are the first to react.