A mutation occurs in a single bacterium that causes it to produce a new enzyme. This enzyme helps the bacterium process nutrients more efficiently, increasing the bacterium's odds of survival.
Every 30 minutes, the bacteria in the colony divide, passing their genes on to their offspring. Some bacteria survive, while others do not. Because resources are limited, the colony has a steady population of 114 bacteria.
The bacterial colony is shown below at three different time intervals.
Assume that the survival trend shown in the diagram continues. At 3.0 hours, the mutant bacteria will make up
percent of the entire colony.
Answers
Bacteria express exponential growth models, meaning their population growth is dense-independent and proportional to the population size. In the exposed example, assuming a colony of 114 cells at 3.0 hours, the mutant bacteria will make up 56.14 % of the entire colony.
What is exponential growth?
Exponential growth is one model of population growth together with the logistic growth model.
Populations that experience exponential growth models show an increase in proportion to their size. The increase in the population size depends on the individual's reproduction rate: a population that grows at constant exponential rate gains individuals faster as the population increases in size.
This model states that populations live in an environment with unlimited resource availability, so the density factor does not influence population growth. There is no density-dependence effect nor competition for resources. Natality and mortality rate do not depend on density. There is a constant growth rate per capita, and it is proportional to the population size.
Bacteria usually experience exponential growth.
In the exposed example, we can see that
At 0 hours, there were only one bacteria expressing the new enzymeAfter 1 hour, there were four bacteria expressing the enzymeAfter 2 hours, there were 16 bacteria expressing the enzyme.
We can assume that each bacteria divides every 30 minutes (half an hour). So each bacteria produces 4 new cells every hour.
0 hours ------- 1 bacteria with the enzyme
1 hour --------- 4 bacteria with the enzyme (1 x 4)
2 hours ------- 16 bacteria with the enzyme (4 x 4)
3 hours --------64 bacteria with the enzyme (16 x 4).
Each of the 16 cells present after 2 hours got divided and produced 4 new cells, resulting in 64 cells after 3 hours.
The population growth rate is proportional to the population size.
114 bacteria ------ 100% of the population
64 bacteria -------X = (64 x 100) / 114 = 56.14%
At 3.0 hours, the mutant bacteria will make up 56.14 % of the entire colony.
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Related Questions
assuming that these traits are sorting in a mendelian way, and given that you collected 440 flies from your cross, how many flies do you expect that have just bristly hair (1) ; bristly hair and dumpy wings (2)
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Asuming that these traits are sorting in a mendelian way, and given that you collected 440 flies. There will be 97 bristly hair flies and 125 bristly hair dumpy wing flies.
Mendelian inheritance refers to certain patterns of how traits are transmitted from parents to offspring.These broad patterns were created by the Austrian monk Gregor Mendel, who tested many pea plants in the 19th century.
In observational research, Mendelian randomization is a technique for examining the causal impact of a modifiable exposure on disease. It uses measurable variation in genes with known functions.
Phenylketonuria is an illustration of a Mendelian trait that affects humans and is passed down from parents to kids when both parents have the heterozygous (Aa) and homozygous (AA) conditions.
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g how is the secondary response different from the primary response in terms of antibody concentration in the blood?
Answers
Secondary response is different from the primary response in terms of antibody concentration in the blood as : The secondary response is slow but produces more antibodies than primary response.
How is secondary response different from the primary response in terms of antibody?Primary immune response results in the generation of memory immune cells and secondary immune response occurs as a result of second exposure to an antigen. It is rapid and sustained response due to the action of memory immune cells.
Primary immune response of the body to antigen takes place on the first occasion it is encountered and following this first exposure to foreign antigen, lag phase occurs in which antibody is not produced but activated B cells differentiate into plasma cells. Secondary response is mediated by B cells with the help of T cells, produces high affinity and antigen specific antibodies.
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PLS HELP 20 POINTS IF YOU GET IT RIGHT AND BRAINLSIT.
% of possible Genotypes:
FF: ? Ff: ? ff: ?
% of possible Phenotypes:
Black fur: ? Grey fur: ?
Answers
So 0% FF, 50% Ff, and 50% ff
Anything with F corresponds to Grey fur while if ff it’s black fur.
You don’t have FF do you don’t need to worry about that right now
50% grey fur and 50% black fur
Select the correct answer from each drop-down menu. Rna interference (rnai) is a mechanism of gene regulation in eukaryotes. Rnai is initiated by , which leads to the of specific genes.
Answers
A biological mechanism called RNAi acts on messenger RNA to silence genes post-transcriptionally (mRNA).
Explain about the RNA interference?The expression of protein-coding genes is regulated by RNA interference (RNAi), also known as post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS), a conserved biological response to double-stranded RNA that enhances resistance to both endogenous parasites and external damaging nucleic acids.
When little RNA fragments bind to the messenger RNAs that carry the instructions for translating proteins, they can prevent that translation from occurring. This phenomenon is known as "RNA interference" or "RNAi." The production of proteins and the operation of the immune system are both governed by RNA interference, a naturally occurring phenomenon.
RNA interference (RNAi), which is regarded as a highly selective method for gene silencing, has a great deal of potential for the treatment of numerous pathologic illnesses, including cancer, viral infections, and cardiovascular diseases.
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Answer:
RNA interference (RNAi) is a mechanism of gene regulation in eukaryotes. RNAi is initiated by double-stranded RNA, which leads to the silencing of specific genes.
Explanation:
Answered correctly in the test:
measure of the average speed of a
substance’s particles
Answers
The temperature is a measure of the average speed of a particle in a substance. Speed of the particles is directly proportional to its temperature.
What do you mean by average speed?
Average speed is the total distance traveled by the object in a particular interval of time. It is a scalar quantity and is represented by magnitude and does not have direction.
The temperature of a substance is a measure of the average kinetic energy. As the temperature increases the speed of the molecules in random motion increases.
Heat is the transfer of energy from a substance at a higher temperature to lower temperature.
Average speed of molecules: √8RT/πM
where R= universal gas constant
T= temperature
M= molecular mass
Hence average speed of molecules is directly proportional to temperature.
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What is the name of the structure in the inner ear which serves to maintain a sense of equilibrium and orientation in space?.
Answers
The vestibular apparatus of the inner ear serves to maintain balance and orientation in space.
The ears are the sensory organs that help us hear. The ear not only helps in listening, but also helps in maintaining balance and balance in our body. The vestibular system, an organ of balance, is housed in the inner ear and is crucial for maintaining our feeling of balance. It is composed of three semicircular canals and two otolith organs called utricle and saccule. Fluid is present in the otolith organs and semicircular canals. Without hearing, we cannot balance our body. The saccule and utricle have a protruding ridge called the macula. The crest and macula are specific receptors in the vestibular apparatus responsible for maintaining body balance and posture. Information from the vestibular system is processed in the brain, and this information is sent to other organs as needed. Eyes, joints or muscles. This allows us to maintain balance and know what position our body is in.
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which scenario will most likely result in a change to the nitrogen cycle that negatively affects plant growth?
Answers
Scientists have shown that by changing the quantity of nitrogen stored in the biosphere, humans are interfering with the nitrogen cycle. The burning of fossil fuels is the main offender.
What are the harmful effects of nitrogen on the environment?Plants flourish thanks to nitrogen. But having too much of a good thing can be harmful. Fast-growing plants outcompete and suffocate slower-growing beneficial plants when too much nitrogen gets into our bays. Oxygen is depleted by decaying plants, which kills fish and other marine life.
What three effects have people had on the nitrogen cycle?Through the burning of fossil fuels, the manufacturing of nitrogen fertilizers, the growing of nitrogen-fixing legumes, and other activities, humans are changing the global N cycle (Galloway et al. 1995).
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in gene expression in eukaryotes, the primary transcript is transported unchanged directly to the cytoplasm and is ready for translation.
Answers
False. The main transcript is delivered intact to the cytoplasm where it is prepared for translation.
Genes serve as an example.The genes you inherit influence a variety of traits, including your skin and hair hues. Emma's mother could have two genes—one for brown hair and one for red hair—and may have passed one of them on to her. If her father has two copies of the gene that causes red hair, she could get it.
Genes' relevanceThe instructions contained by your genes control the development and operation of your cells. Cells are the building blocks of the body. Every part of your body is made up of a billion cells working together. The components that keep genes in place called chromosomes.
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What is the name of the structure in the inner ear which serves to maintain a sense of equilibrium and orientation in space?.
Answers
Vestibular system structure in the inner ear which serves to maintain a sense of equilibrium and orientation in space.
Vestibular system is present inside the inner ear. These are made up of three semicircular canals and two otolith organs, known as the utricle and the saccule.
Vestibular system is the sensory apparatus of the inner ear that helps the body maintain its postural equilibrium. The Information that are coming from the vestibular system gets processed in the brain and then sent to other organs that need such information, like eyes, joints or muscles. This helps us to keep the balance and also the position of our body.
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you are working in the lab with your group and you notice the sweater on the mannequin next to you catches on fire. what is the appropriate course of action?
Answers
Use the drop-and-roll method to put out a fire in burning clothing, douse it in cold water, or, if an emergency shower is nearby, use it.
What method puts out a small, contained fire the quickest and easiest?With a small container, such as a beaker, put out the flames. What safety measures are required when wearing long sleeves and hair long? Roll up your sleeves and keep long hair tied back and away from fire.
What should be done if someone's clothes unintentionally catch fire, and why?Stop, drop, and roll while keeping cool and calling if your clothes catch fire. If your clothing catches fire, you should employ the "stop, drop, roll-cool, and call" approach to put out the flames and reduce burn damage.
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Researchers collected data about the heart rates of humans aged 5 to 90 years. They represented the data in a graph. Simple correlation graph Which statement is the best explanation of the pattern in the data? A. The data show cause but not correlation between age and heart rate. B. The data show neither correlation nor cause between age and heart rate. C. The data show a correlation between age and heart rate. D. The data show that increasing age causes an increase in heart rate.
Answers
Scatter plots express the correlation between variables, if there is one, through the pattern of points. If there is a correlation, it can be positive or negative. C) The data show a correlation between age and heart rate.
What is the scatter plot?A scatter plot is a graphic tool that represents the existing relationship between two variables.
This representation is set in a cartesian graph, placing one of the variables on the horizontal axis and the other variable on the vertical axis.
The pattern of points intersection can show the relationship between the two variables.
Directly proportional relationship ⇒ while one of the variable values increases, the other variable values increase as well.- High positive correlation ⇒ points are too close to each other
- Low positive correlation ⇒ points are separated from each other
Inversely proportional relationship ⇒ as one of the values of the variables increases the values of other variable decreases.- High negative correlation ⇒ points are too close to each other
- Low negative correlation ⇒ points are separated from each other
No relationship ⇒ There is no tendency in the dispersion of the points. There is a homogeneous cloud. No correlation can be established between variables.Variables in the exposed example are,
Independent variable ⇒ heart rateDependent variable ⇒ AgeWe can see that the older the person is, the fewer beats per minute they express. On the contrary, the younger the person is, the more beats per minute are recorded.
This is a high negative correlation in which points are too close to each other.
Options,
A. The data show cause but not correlation between age and heart rate. Not correct. Data shows a clear correlation between variables.
B. The data show neither correlation nor cause between age and heart rate.
Not correct. Data shows a clear correlation between variables.
C. The data show a correlation between age and heart rate.
Correct. There is a negative correlation between variables.
D. The data show that increasing age causes an increase in heart rate.
Not correct. The older the person is, the fewer heart beats per minute.
Statement C is the best explanation of the pattern in the data. The data show a correlation between age and heart rate.
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is a biological community a fundamental units of nature, like an organism, or a species? explain your answer.
Answers
Consists of all the populations of different species that is a biological community fundamental units of nature like an organism or a species.
A community is also called a biome. In biology, an interacting group of different species is in a common location. For example, forests of trees and undergrowth inhabited by animals and rooted in bacterial and fungal soil form communities.
All populations living and interacting in a particular geographic area form a biological community. Organisms in biocoenosis, together with their inanimate or inanimate environment, form ecosystems. A community is defined by the species that inhabit a particular area and the interactions between those species. A biological community and its associated physical environment are called an ecosystem.
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light passes through the entire thickness of the neural layer of the retina to excite the photoreceptors.t or f
Answers
The retina's neuronal layer is completely permeable to light, which then excites the photoreceptors. The vitreous fluid fills the anterior chamber of the eye. Where the optic nerve exits the eyeball, the optic disc creates a blind patch.
What Excite the Photoreceptors?Glutamate, which stimulates (depolarizes) the Off bipolar cells and inhibits (hyperpolarizes) the On bipolar cells, is released by photoreceptor (rod/cone) cells in the dark.
Intriguingly, all other layers of retinal cells must be traversed before incoming light can reach the photoreceptors (see sidebar). The ganglion cell layer, which consists of ganglion cell bodies, is the first of these.
A lens is a transparent structure that bends incoming light behind the pupil.
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The pedigree below shows several generations of a family in which cystic fibrosis runs. A healthy phenotype is dominant (C), and cystic fibrosis is recessive (c). Shaded individuals have cystic fibrosis. Symbols with question marks have unknown genotypes and phenotypes. Individual 5 is heterozygous. Which of the following is true for individual 12?
A. She could have the genotype Cc or cc
B. She could have the genotype Cc, CC, or cc
C. He will have cystic fibrosis since all of her siblings do
D. He will be healthy since all of her siblings have cystic fibrosis
I'm thinking it's A or B bc it's a circle so it's female. But I think the best answer would be B.
Answers
Answer:
A
Explanation:
Due to one parent having it and one parent not, and the same with the grandparents, she will be either heterozygous or homozygous recessive.
a person has recently eaten some spoiled food. after a night of stomach pain the person vomits. this vomit action is primarily a response by the body to —
Answers
a person has recently eaten some spoiled food. after a night of stomach pain the person vomits. this vomit action is primarily a response by the body to increasing breathing rate
Anything from worry or asthma to a lung infection or heart failure can cause increasing breathing rate.
Hyperventilation is the term for rapid, deep breathing, while it can also refer to rapid breathing in general.What accelerates breathing rate?
Anxiety, fever, respiratory illnesses, heart conditions, and dehydration are among the most typical reasons of a fast respiratory rate. Overdoses of prescription medications, obstructive sleep apnea, and head injuries are common reasons of decreased respiratory rates. A person should see a doctor if their breathing pattern seems unusual.
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Living Environment
Scary Movie Heart Rates
Answers
Answer:
2
Explanation:
Answer:
2 is the answre
Explanation:
Because of the movement partern
1. Give reasons. a. Sunlight is essential for photosynthesis. b. Chlorophyll is essential for photosynthesis. c. Wall of ventricles is thicker than that of auricles. d. Wall of arteries is thicker than that of veins. e. Heart is slightly tilted towards right
Answers
Answer:The left ventricle has the thickest wall out of all the chambers. The left ventricle is responsible for pumping the blood towards the tissues of the heart. This is why more muscles contracting inside the left ventricle helps produce a higher force to move the blood towards the system.
Explanation:a) They have thick elastic walls, blood flows under high pressure; collect blood from different organs and bring it back to the heart. (b) They have thin walls with valves inside, blood flows under low pressure and carries blood away from the heart to various organs of the body.
Which is strong evidence that similar traits in different evolutionary lineages are the result of homology and not homoplasy?.
Answers
Answer:
The traits are also found in many intervening lineages on the tree of life.
Explanation:
If a cosmetic ad uses a simplified medical illustration to explain how the product works (such as by showing how a skin cream rejuvenates skin cells), what type of execution is this ad using?
Answers
This chapter has described the aging process at various ages. Different areas of our facial skin are continually being affected by gravity.
Why is advertising execution crucial?All the components of marketing must function well for strategy to be implemented. Tradeshows, advertising, public relations, participation in social media, and blogging, for cosmetic ad, can all work together to produce leads.
What is the advertising creative execution style?The method used to carry out or display a marketing communication appeal is referred to as creative execution. A specific marketing communication appeal can be carried out in a number of different ways, and a specific method of execution can be used with a number of different marketing communication appeals.
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what are some of the things that can happen to noradrenaline after it has departed the adrenergic receptor? g
Answers
Answer: Cardiac norepinephrine release is stimulated by prejunctional β2-adrenergic receptors and inhibited by prejunctional α2- as well as α1-adrenergic receptors.
Explanation:
Can i have help please
Answers
Answer: Memory T cells are necessary for protective immunity against invading pathogens
Explanation: D
which of the following statements is correct regarding lung sonography performed during an efast exam? a. the exam is started on the anterior chest in the second or third intercostal space. b. lung sliding excludes pneumothorax at that location. c. the probe should be positioned perpendicular to the chest wall between two adjacent ribs. d. all of the above e. a and b only
Answers
The exam is started on the anterior chest in the second or third intercostal space, lung sliding excludes pneumothorax at that location, and the probe should be positioned perpendicular to the chest wall between two adjacent ribs.
Pneumothorax :
A pneumothorax is a collapsed lung. It occurs when air leaks into the space between the lung and chest wall. This air pushes on the outside of the lung and makes it collapse. It can be a complete lung collapse or only a portion of the lung can collapse.
What are the Symptoms of Pneumothorax?
Shortness of breath, Fatigue, Sharp, stabbing chest pain that worsens when trying to breath in, Bluish skin caused by a lack of oxygen, A dry, hacking cough, Rapid breathing and heartbeat, etc.
The Answer is D. All of the above
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An experienced dental assistant is instructed by the orthodontist to train the new assistant so that she can be an effective member of the orthodontic team. What background information should an orthodontic assistant understand about malocclusion and its causes?.
Answers
The orthodontist assigns an experienced dental assistant to train the new assistant. He must explain to the beginner that malocclusion refers to incorrect tooth alignment and the way that the upper and lower teeth fit together.
Misaligned teeth have a number of significant causes, including:
teeth and jaws are not the same size. An unusual or habitual thumb-sucking behaviour swallowingtooth decaya few of jaw birth deformitiesWhen the jaw is too small for the size of the teeth, teeth misalignment most frequently results. The teeth become too close together due to a slight size difference, leading to misalignment.To learn more about teeth click here:
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A single-celled organism is transferred from a tank of fresh water to salt water. how will the cell change? Explain.
Answers
Cell would shrink as it loses water from osmosis.
What do you mean by osmosis?Osmosis is the spontaneous net movement or diffusion of solvent molecules through a selectively-permeable membrane from a region of high water potential to a region of low water potential, in the direction that tends to equalize the solute concentrations on the two sides.
Osmosis is the transport of a solvent through a semipermeable membrane that separates two solutions of differing solute concentration.
During osmosis, the solvent moves from the solution that is lower in solute concentration to the solution that is higher in solute concentration.
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the peripheral nervous system . multiple select question. is not part of the central nervous system is completely independent of the central nervous system is an integral part of the central nervous system communicates with the central nervous system
Answers
Central nervous system includes brain and spinal cord. Peripheral nervous system includes autonomic nervous system and somatic nervous system.
Nervous system consists of electrically excitable cell called neurons and collection of nerves that transmit information in the body.
Nervous system is mainly divided into two parts - PNS (peripheral nervous system) and Central nervous system (CNS) . The CNS of the body consists of spinal cord and brain that regulates and coordinates all the functions of the body.
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The basic unit of the skeletal muscle is
Question options:
A) the fasciculi
B) the muscle fiber
C) the muscular fascia
D) the endomysium
Answers
The muscle fiber is the basic unit if skeletal muscle.
What is skeletal muscle?Skeletal muscle is one of the human body's three major muscle tissues. Each skeletal muscle is made up of thousands of muscle fibers connected by connective tissue sheaths. Fasciculi are individual bundles of muscle fibers in skeletal muscle.A sarcomere is the basic contractile unit of a muscle fiber, and it is made up of actin and myosin filaments. During muscle contraction and relaxation, these filaments interact and slide past each other.Skeletal muscles can be found around some of your body's openings as well as all over your body between the bones. The muscle connects to one end of the bone, stretches across a joint, and connects to another bone. Tendons (fibrous connective tissues) are beneficial.To learn more about skeletal muscle refer to :
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Need help ASAP ………..
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2, hydrosphere and troposphere
the enzymes that catalyze cellular reactions are macromolecules made of organic compounds composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen. these types of macromolecules are known as –
Answers
the enzymes that catalyze cellular reactions are macromolecules made of organic compounds composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen. these types of macromolecules are known as – proteins
What do you call the macromolecules that catalyse processes in a cell?Proteins called enzymes operate as catalysts for biological processes by assisting the molecular rearrangements necessary for cellular activity. Recall that during chemical reactions, substrates are transformed into products, frequently by the addition or removal of chemical groups from the substrates.
Key macromolecules in the maintenance of life are nucleic acids. They include instructions for a cell's proper operation as well as the genetic code for that cell. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid are the two primary forms of nucleic acids (RNA).
a group of enzymes that catalyse the breakdown of the pyrophosphate bond in ATP or another comparable energy source, as well as the creation of a bond between two substrate molecules.
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Prokaryotes that use light for their energy source and co2 for their carbon source are called _____.
Answers
Photoautotrophs are prokaryotes that use CO2 as their carbon supply and light as their energy source.
Cells called photoautotrophs are those that absorb light energy and utilise CO2 as their carbon supply. Cyanobacteria are among the numerous photoautotrophic prokaryotes. Some bacteria, known as cyanobacteria or blue-green bacteria, are photoautotrophs (formerly called blue-green algae). Cyanobacteria produce chlorophyll just like plants do. In actuality, cyanobacteria are the cause of plant evolution.
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3) which of the following concerning enzymes is false? a) any enzyme can be used many times. b) any enzyme can perform many different chemical reactions. c) enzymes break down at high temperatures. d) they are all proteins.
Answers
Any enzyme can perform many different chemical reactions is false about concerning enzymes .
Enzymes are proteins that aid in the speeding up of metabolism, or the chemical reactions that occur in our bodies. Some substances are created while others are destroyed. Enzymes are found in all living things.
Enzymes are naturally produced by our bodies. However, enzymes can also be found in manufactured goods and food. One of the most important functions of enzymes is to help with digestion. Digestion is the process by which we convert the food we eat into energy. Enzymes, for example, are found in our saliva, pancreas, intestines, and stomach. They digest fats, proteins, and carbohydrates. These nutrients are used by enzymes for cell growth and repair. The body contains thousands of different enzymes. Each enzyme has a single function. Sucrose, for example, is broken down by the enzyme sucrase. Lactase is an enzyme that digests lactose, a type of sugar found in milk.
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