Answer:
teratogen
Explanation:
Heads of Elysia cf. marginata sea slugs sometimes pull themselves free from their bodies. The heads just keep crawling around. Within a few hours, some heads start nibbling algae again. Within about 20 days, heads from young slugs can have regrown those missing body parts, including heart and all.
Sayaka Mitoh and Yoichi Yusa are ecologists at Nara Women's University in Japan. They described the regrowth of cells and ultimately the sea slugs bodies March 8 in Current Biology.
Mitoh first noticed the sea slugs' extreme regeneration by chance. It showed up in some Elysia slugs in his lab. "We were really surprised to see the head crawling," Yusa says.
The head of a sea slug can take several hours to rip itself loose from its body. That's so slow that Mitoh and Yusa don't think the move helps slugs escape predators.
Instead, a detachable body could give the sea slug a drastic, but effective, way of fighting parasites. Mitoh monitored 82 E. atroviridis slugs infested with copepods. Three of the slugs ditched their bodies along with a lot of those copepods. Two of the three managed to grow a new body. An additional 39 of the parasitized slugs let parts of their bodies slowly fall away. In contrast, 64 more sea slugs that had been collected at the same time had no pests. And none of them threw away its body. That supports the idea that parasites could drive slug heads to detach and crawl away from their bodies.
What might help Elysia slug heads regrow a whole body is stealing, Yusa suggests. These animals can take the green sunlight-trapping energy factories called chloroplasts from algae. Very young slugs don't have any chloroplasts. "They need to pierce the cell walls of sea algae and sip the contents," he says. Once ingested, the chloroplasts remain alive inside the slugs for weeks to months.
Biologists have debated what stealing chloroplasts does for the slugs
Using what you know about cellular differentiation and the description of sea slug regeneration explain what is happening at a cellular level:?
A;Specialized cells undergo cellular differentiation to create stem cells that will grow and replace the old cells
B:Stem cells undergo cellular differentiation to create specialized cells to replace missing body parts like cardiac (heart) cells.
C:Cellular differentiation is not necessary in order for the sea slugs to regrow its missing body parts.
D:None of the above.
The description of sea slug regeneration explains that Specialized cells undergo cellular differentiation to create stem cells that will grow and replace the old cells and is denoted as option A.
What is Cell differentiation?This is referred to as the process which involves the division of cells into younger and immature cells which then evolves to form a specialized cell after maturity has been attained.
We were told that the organism which is referred to as slug is able to detach its head and grow back through the absorption of chloroplasts from algae which helps in its regeneration.
In this scenario, the slug undergoes differentiation and creates stem cells that will grow and replace the old cells which is the head and is therefore why option A was chosen.
Read more about Cell differentiation here https://brainly.com/question/13846411
#SPJ1
1. What are the instructions for building all living things?
Answer:
The seven characteristics what makes an organism living are: Environmental responses, cells, change and growth, reproduction, having complex chemistry, and homeostasis and energy processing
6.01 earth space science
Answer:
6.01 Geological Time Scale
Reflection
How long (in centimeters and years) was the Precambrian period compared to the rest of the scale?
The Precambrian period was the longest period on the timeline. It lasted approximately from 4.6 billion years ago to 543 million years ago. It was characterized by the formation of space
How many years and “centimeters” of time separated the dinosaurs and humans on Earth?
Dinosaurs existed during the Mesozoic Era, while humans existed during the Cenozoic Era. They were approximately 65 million years apart.
How many years and centimeters of time passed before life appeared on Earth?
Humans appeared around 6 million years ago, however aquatic life was the first to exist. This was during the Paleozoic Era around 3.7 billion years ago!
For how many years of geologic time have humans existed?
Around 200,00 years.
Did dinosaurs exist at the same time as mammals? Explain your answer using the geologic time scale.
No, dinosaurs died out before mammals. We know this since the first sign of mammals was the Cenozoic Era, but dinosaurs existed in the Mesozoic Era which was several million years later.
By: Nikayla Bodon
Mesozoic Era
Triassic Period: 210-251 mya
Jurrassic Period: 145-210 mya
Cretaceous Period: 65-145 mya
The Precambrian Era
During the Mesozoic Era, big creatures such as dinosaurs roamed the Earth. You may have heard the name Jurrassic from the movie Jurrassic park, however this was a reality back then with creatures such as Velociraptor, Apatosaurus, Stegosaurus, and Triceratops roaming the Earth.
Cenozoic Era
Teritary Period: 65-2.5 mya
Quantenary Period: 2.5 mya- now
This period of time is the era me and you live in today. It was the start of human life and the development of many living organisms you see today and don't!
Hadean Eon: 4.6-3.8 bya
Archean Eon: 3.8-2.5 bya
Proterozoic Eon: 2500- 543 mya
This is the eras major events include the formation of galaxies, planets, asteroids, comets, and stars, and is the earliest time period. It began around 4.6 billion years ago and is very contreversial. It consisted of the Hadean, Archean, and Proterzoic Eons.
Paleozoic Era
Cambrian Period: 500-550 mya
Ordovician Period: 438-500 mya
Silurian Period: 410-438 mya
Devonian Period: 360-410 mya
Cargoniferous Period: 290-360 mya
Permian Period: 251-290 mya
The Paleozoic Era was characterized by the formation of Pangea and known as the "Age of Fish". There several types of aquatic life
The law of conservation of matter means to "preserve". Which of the
following are explained by conservation of matter?
The C, H, O and electrons are not infinite and must be recycled
Why the products of Photosynthesis are the reactants of cellular respiration.
the necessity to study the respiratory system along with the circulatory system.
sity to
O All of the above are correct
Answer:all of the above
Explanation:
All the above statements explain the law of conservation of matter.
Explain the law of conservation of matter.
It states that the amount of matter in any given system that is closed to matter transfer remains constant. According to the law of conservation of matter, the total mass of the products must equal the total mass of the reactants in chemical reactions.
1. The C, H, O, and electrons are not infinite and must be recycled
Since these electrons are not biodegradable, they remain in nature and are recycled in different biological and environmental processes.
2. Why the products of Photosynthesis are the reactants of cellular respiration?
Water and carbon dioxide are byproducts of the process, and ATP is the energy that is transformed into cellular respiration.
3. The necessity to study the respiratory system along with the circulatory system.
The respiratory system collaborates with the circulatory system to provide oxygen and remove metabolic waste products.
Therefore, the law of conservation of energy applies to all the processes stated above.
Learn more about the Law of conservation of energy from the given link.
https://brainly.com/question/20971995
#SPJ9
If fertilization involves two gametes that contain different alleles of a given gene, the resulting offspring is.
When the fertilization involves two gametes that contain different alleles of a gene, the resulting offspring is said to be heterozygous.
Heterozygous, in genetics, refers to having inherited different versions alleles of a genome from each parent.
An organism with one dominant and one recessive allele is said to have heterozygous genotype. This genotype is written as Bb. Genotype of organism with two recessive alleles is termed as homozygous recessive.
It is a heterozygous genotype for that gene if the two versions are different. For example we can say, being heterozygous for hair color means you have one allele for red hair and one allele for brown hair. The relationship between two alleles affects the traits that are to be expressed.
To know more about heterozygous, refer
https://brainly.com/question/1626661
#SPJ4
Which summary below correctly describes what occurs during transcription?
O A DNA template is used to create an mRNA strand.
O An mRNA template is used to create a DNA strand.
O A DNA template is used to create a ribosome.
O An mRNA template is used to create a tRNA strand.
Answer: A DNA template is used to create an mRNA strand.
Explanation:
Transcription basically means a written or printed representation of something, if we connect that analogy to DNA, we are using the DNA as our template to write/create an mRNA strand out of it, basically transcribing the DNA.
describe the factors that effect ocean currents?
Answer: Winds, water density, and tides
Explanation: all drive ocean currents. Coastal and sea floor features influence their location, direction, and speed. Earth's rotation results in the Coriolis effect which also influences ocean currents.
One reason cell divide is that organisms can
Answer:
Organisms grow because cells are dividing to produce more and more cells.
PLEASE ANSWER 15 POINTS
Balance depends on information your brain receives from your eyes, muscles, and the semicircular canals in your ear. The 3 semicircular canals are filled with fluid and small hairs, and they are aligned at right angles to each other. When the head moves, the fluid in the canals moves the hairs and a nerve impulse is sent to the brain. With this information, please explain in detail why spinning makes you dizzy.
Your tongue is covered in bumps called papillae. Papillae have taste receptors that are bundled together (taste buds). Taste buds have microscopic hairs called microvilli which send nerve impulses to the brain. However, your nose plays a role too! While you’re chewing, the food releases chemicals that travel up your nose and trigger olfactory receptors which also send nerve impulses to the brain to help you interpret the true flavor of what you’re eating. With this information, explain why a cold or allergies can diminish the flavor of your food.
From the information above, we can explain in detail why spinning makes you dizzy. The reason is that our brain then can tell your body how to stay balanced. If you spin around and then stop, the liquid inside the semicircular canals moves awhile longer and the hairs continue to send the message to the brain that you are spinning even though you're not. That's why we feel dizzy.
From the information about, we can explain why a cold or allergies can diminish the flavor of your food. The reason is because When you have a cold or allergies, and your nose is stuffy, you might notice that your food doesn't seem to have much flavor. That's because the upper part of your nose isn't clear to receive the chemicals that trigger the olfactory receptors or that inform the brain and create the sensation of flavor.
What is the brain?The brain can be described as a complex organ that controls thought, memory, emotion, touch, motor skills, vision, breathing, temperature, hunger and every process that regulates our body.
Learn more about the brain at: https://brainly.com/question/1247675
#SPJ1
______ is a pioneer species in a secondary succession.
Moss
Phosphorous
Plankton
Grass
Answer:
Grass
Explanation:
Which is more, 1192 milliliters or 1
liter?
VERY VERY URGENT I WILL GIVE BRAINLIEST
8. Taxonomy is the science of grouping and naming organisms based on similarities and
differences
a. true
b. false
Answer:A
Explanation:A
What are the four elements
Answer:
water earth fire air
Explanation:
long ago the four nations lived together in harmony but everything changed when the fire nation attacked
19) which of the following interactions can correctly be labeled coevolution? a) the tendency of coyotes to respond to human habitat encroachment by including pet dogs and cats in their diets b) a genetic change in a virus that allows it to exploit a new host, which responds to virus-imposed selection by changing its genetically controlled habitat preferences c) a genetic change in foxes that allows them to tolerate human presence (and food) d) the adaptation of cockroaches to human habitation e) the ability of rats to survive in a variety of novel environments
b) a genetic change in a virus that allows it to exploit a new host, which responds to virus-imposed selection by changing its genetically controlled habitat preferences following interactions can correctly be labeled coevolution.
Which of the following phrases best explains how termites and the protozoans that eat within their stomach interact?Mutualism. Mutualism is a second form of symbiotic association in which two organisms cooperate for the mutual benefit of both. These are the only real instances of symbiosis, according to some experts. For instance, the protozoa that reside in the stomach of the bug have a mutualistic connection with termites.
A species' place and function in its environment—including how it satisfies its needs for food and shelter, stays alive, and reproduces—are referred to as its ecological niche. All of a species' interactions with biotic and abiotic elements of its environment are included in its niche.
Predators avoid the marks because they link them with venomousness.
Learn more about coevolution refer
https://brainly.com/question/1489642
#SPJ4
Linda says kool-aid is a homogeneous mixture. Bryan says it’s heterogeneous. Which one is correct? Explain who and why based on information from the text.
Linda says kool-aid is a homogeneous mixture. Bryan says it’s heterogeneous. The first one is correct. Linda is correct based on information from the text that Kool-Aid is made of water, sugar, and coloring. However, it is not a pure material because the amounts of each ingredient can change depending on how it is prepared.
The combination in Kool-Aid is homogeneous. Homogeneous mixes are chemically combined and are uniform throughout and unable to be separated. By the way, the term "uniform" refers to the consistency or an equitable distribution throughout the sample. Additionally, solutions are another term for homogenous mixtures. Because it is consistent throughout and may be divided, it is a homogenous mixture.
Think about the sample size when determining the nature of a mixture. Heterogeneity is indicated by the presence of more than one phase of matter or multiple regions in the sample. A mixture is homogenous if its composition is consistent across all samples taken from it.
Learn to know more about kool-aid on
https://brainly.com/question/21461133
#SPJ1
What is the likely function of a cell that has a large amount of rough endoplasmic reticulum and
golgi apparatus?
Characterize the slope of the line in the graph,
A. Positive
B. Negative
C. Zero
D. Undefined
Which respiratory function describes the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the cells?.
Internal and external respiration describes the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the cells.
What is respiration?
The lungs and breathing system make it possible for us to take in air. They take in oxygen (called "inspiration" or "inhalation") and let out carbon dioxide (called "exhalation") (called expiration, or exhalation).
Respiration is the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide.
The process of breathing is known as external respiration. It requires taking in and letting out breaths of various gases. Gas is exchanged between the blood and the cells of the body during the process known as "internal respiration." The process of cellular respiration is the transformation of food into energy.
Hence, internal and external respiration is responsible for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide.
To learn more about respiration the link is given below:
https://brainly.com/question/29032917?
#SPJ4
Explain the following statement: The oxygen generated by photosynthesis is simply a by-product formed during the production of ATP and carbohydrates.
The oxygen generated by photosynthesis is simply a by-product formed during the production of ATP and carbohydrates because oxygen emerges as a product that is not used by plants to further metabolic processes instead of carbohydrates and ATP.
What is photosynthesis?Photosynthesis can be defined as a natural process in which plants used carbon dioxide and sun light as reactants in order to generate simple carbohydrates such as glucose and also ATP, which is the energy coin of the cells.
During photosynthetic pathways oxygen is produced but this element is not used after its production, thereby it can be considered as a byproduct of this pathway.
Therefore, with this data, we can see that photosynthesis can produce oxygen as a byproduct which is fundamental to sustaining the life of aerobic heterotrophic animals and humans because oxygen is a reactant required for cellular respiration in aerobic organisms.
Learn more about photosynthesis here:
https://brainly.com/question/27369990
#SPJ1
Identify the labeled structures.
A:
B:
C:
D:
E:
Answer:
A. Golgi Apparatus
B. Vacuole
C. Mitochondrion
D. Nucleus
E. Cell membrane
Pls give brainliest :)
Which is an immediate effect of blocking the activity of mitochondrial atp synthase?.
Answer:
The pH in the space between the mitochondrial membranes would decrease.
Explanation:
Incubation of boar spermatozoa in a capacitation medium with oligomycin A, a specific inhibitor of the F0 component of the mitochondrial ATP synthase, induced an immediate and almost complete immobilisation of cells.
i need help i have to submit in 20 minutes!!!
Answer:
Cell 3
Explanation:
I'm in college prep biology, so I believe I'm right.
Original DNA Code: TAC ACC TTG GCG ACG ACT
Mutated DNA Code: TAC TCC TTG GCG ACG ACT
O Substitution
O Insertion
O Deletion
Answer:
The answer is (A) - Substitution
what might an engineer need to consider when designing a heating/cooling system for a home in a cooler climate?
How might the design differ for a house found in a warmer climate?
an engineer need to consider
The Operating EnvironmentSize Does MatterAvailable PowerFiltrationThe term HVAC refers to the many systems used for heating, cooling, and transporting air between interior and outdoor spaces in both residential and commercial structures. These are the mechanisms that keep you comfortable and warm in the winter and cool and energized in the summer. A source of warm or cold air, a mechanism to transfer the heated or cooled air into your living area, and a technique to regulate the temperature in your house make up the three fundamental components of heating and cooling systems.
To know more about heating/cooling system refer to https://brainly.com/question/14655862
#SPJ9
Which option describes how genes control the traits of a cell?
Genes become building blocks for specific structures and molecules in a cell. Those structures and molecules form the traits of the cell.
Genes code for specific structures and molecules in a cell. Those structures and molecules form the traits of the cell.
Genes are molecules that organelles are made out of. Once assembled into organelles, they form the traits of the cell.,
Genes determine how much energy goes to each organelle in the cell. The organelles form the traits of the cell.
Answer:
Genes code for specific structure
and molecules in a cell. those structures and molecules from the traits of the cell
Explanation:
Genes are capable of controlling traits by means of gene expression. The gene's DNA comprises a nucleotide sequence that corresponds to a particular amino acid sequence of a protein through the genetic code, that comprises a set of three codons each specifying a particular amino acid
Which respiratory function describes the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the cells?.
Respiration is the respiratory function that describes the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the cells.
Our lungs and respiratory system allow us to breathe. They expel carbon dioxide and inspire oxygen into our bodies, a process known as inspiration or inhalation (called expiration, or exhalation). Oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged during the breathing process.
Physiology defines respiration as the removal of carbon dioxide in the opposite direction, that is, back into the external environment, and the transfer of oxygen from the external environment to the cells within tissues.
While physiologic respiration deals with the diffusion and transfer of metabolites between the body and the external environment, cellular respiration occur within specific cells of the organism.
To learn more about Respiration visit: https://brainly.com/question/18024346
#SPJ4
Hemoglobin is the protein found in ______ blood cells that transports ______ throughout the circulatory system.
Hemoglobin is the protein found in red blood cells that transports oxygen throughout the circulatory system.
The red blood cells (erythrocytes) of almost all vertebrates, with the exception of the fish family Channichthyidae, and some invertebrate tissues, contain hemoglobin, an iron-containing oxygen-transport metalloprotein.
The blood's hemoglobin transports oxygen from the respiratory system, including the lungs and gills, to the rest of the body (i.e. tissues). There, oxygen is released, allowing aerobic respiration to take place and produce energy for an organism's metabolic processes.
Other gases are also transported by hemoglobin, which carries some of the body's respiratory carbon dioxide (20–25% of the total)as carbaminohemoglobin, a form of hemoglobin in which carbon dioxide is bonded to the heme protein.
To learn more about Hemoglobin visit: https://brainly.com/question/15011428
#SPJ1
drag labels to targets in group 1 to identify the main functions of membrane proteins. drag labels to targets in group 2 to identify some components associated with the plasma membrane.
Some components associated with the plasma membrane are phospholipid bilayer ,fibers of extracellular matrix, enzymatic activity, microfilaments of cytoskeleton, attachment to ECM and cytoskeleton.
All cells contain a membrane that divides the interior from the external environment. This membrane is known as the cell membrane or the plasma membrane. A lipid bilayer that is semipermeable makes up the cell membrane. The cell membrane controls the movement of materials into and out of the cell.
A cell is shielded by its plasma membrane, often known as its cell membrane. The membrane serves a variety of purposes and also creates a stable environment inside the cell. One involves moving both hazardous compounds out of the cell and nutrients into it. Another is that the cell's membrane, which is its plasma membrane, has proteins that interact with other cells.
Learn more about Plasma membrane here:
https://brainly.com/question/1578184
#SPJ4
Compare and contrast plant and animal cells. Give 3 ways they are alike and 3 ways
they are different. Remember to use complete sentences and proper grammar.
when horses and donkeys mate, their offspring are mules. mules are sterile because they cannot produce functional gametes. this is evidence that: (select the best answer)group of answer choiceshorses and donkeys are separated by a prezygotic barrier.horses and donkeys are separated by genetic drift.horses and donkeys are members of the same species.horses and donkeys are separated by a postzygotic barrier.horses and donkeys are separated by a founder event.flag question: question 2
Mules are the offspring of a horse and a donkey. Mules are sterile, making them ineffective for further reproduction. This proves that a zygote can be produced when a horse and a donkey mate.
An egg cell and sperm cell combine to form a zygote, a brand-new, distinct organism. The zygote in single-celled organisms can split asexually through mitosis to create identical progeny. This produces Mules, albeit this zygote result is not sterile.
Aseptic — germ-free — and sterile are synonyms. Although it's most frequently used in relation to objects and materials like scalpels, needles, and gauze as well as settings like operating rooms. The ability of modern medicine to stop infections and the spread of disease depends on the cleanliness of objects. This is known as sterile.
Learn more about zygote here
https://brainly.com/question/15683546
#SPJ4