A vaccine is a substance containing incomplete portions of a virus that produce an immune response when injected into the body."
A vaccine is a type of biological preparation that improves immunity to a specific disease. It typically consists of an agent that resembles a disease-causing microorganism and is often made from weakened or killed forms of the microbe, its toxins, or one of its surface proteins.
There are different types of vaccines such as inactivated vaccines, live attenuated vaccines, subunit vaccines, conjugate vaccines, and DNA vaccines. They all work by stimulating the immune system to recognise and attack specific viruses or bacteria.
The "substance containing incomplete portions of a virus" mentioned in the question refers to the antigenic components of a vaccine. These antigens are usually derived from the surface proteins of a virus and are used to trigger an immune response when injected into the body. Once the immune system recognises the vaccine antigen as foreign, it generates an immune response that involves the production of antibodies and the activation of immune cells. This immune response results in the development of immunological memory that helps the body to quickly recognise and respond to the actual virus if it is encountered in the future.
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All of the following are possible fates of fatty acid that enters the liver except: S
A. Conversion to ketone bodies
B. Conversion to acetyl-CoA for cholesterol synthesis
C. Use as an energy source
D. Conversion to triacylglycerol
E. Conversion to glucose
Conversion to glucose. Fatty acids cannot be directly converted to glucose in the liver through a process called gluconeogenesis. The correct option is E
What is Gluconeogenesis ?The liver uses a process called gluconeogenesis to convert fatty acids indirectly into glucose. The process of producing glucose from non-carbohydrate sources, such as amino acids or glycerol, but not from fatty acids, is known as glucoseneogenesis.
Fatty acids can go through a variety of metabolic processes in the liver, including being converted to ketone bodies, being used as an energy source, being converted to acetyl-CoA for the production of cholesterol, and being converted to triacylglycerol for storage or transportation. They cannot, however, be changed into glucose.
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How does binomial nomenclature help scientists?
help!!!
Answer:
Explanation:
Bionomial nomenclature helps scientists by helping them classify organisms. This would be a two-name system that scientists use that describes the genus and species of the organism.
What is one disadvantage of desalination?
The process can ultilize solar energy to lower its cost.
The process uses fuel that is expensive.
The process makes water that is unsafe to drink.
The process is too difficult to carry out in big cities.
Answer:
B
Explanation:
Desalination remains expensive, as it requires enormous amounts of energy. The correct answer is b) The process uses fuel that is expensive.
What is desalination?Saline water which is typically sea water, is artificially transformed into fresh water through a process called desalination. Reverse osmosis and distillation are the two most used desalination techniques. There are several approaches. Although each has benefits and drawbacks, they are all useful.
The issue is that it takes a lot of energy to desalinate water. When salt is dissolved in water, it forms strong chemical bonds that are challenging to break. Desalinating water may be rather expensive since both the energy and the technology required are costly.
Desalination turns seawater into freshwater by removing the salt, however, it also has certain unfavorable effects on the ecosystem. Desalination facilities release trash and poisonous chemicals that are bad for the environment and animals. The procedure can also increase the salinity of saltwater, which has an impact on fish.
Therefore, the correct answer is b).
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WILL GIVE BRAINLIST!!!! What effects do weathering, erosion, and deposition have on agriculture in Texas?
Answer:
cause the soil to become less fertile therefore causing the loss of nutrients and farmers can no longer plant crops causing profits to drop.
Explanation:
what might a zoologist notice about birds caged indoors if she were looking for clues that they follow a biological rhythm in natural settings?
A zoologist notice about birds caged indoors if she were looking for clues that they follow a biological rhythm in natural settings she would observe the birds' behavior closely to detect if they follow a circadian rhythm which is a biological process that occurs within a 24-hour cycle.
The zoologist might notice that the caged birds appear to be restless or sleepless, suggesting that they are uncomfortable or out of sync with their natural rhythms. This is because birds are diurnal animals and require sunlight for proper bodily functions. The zoologist might also observe that the caged birds become increasingly agitated or active during certain times of the day. This would suggest that the birds are naturally active during those periods in the wild and have maintained this behavior in captivity, indicating a biological rhythm.
Furthermore, the zoologist may notice changes in the bird's behavior in response to changes in lighting, as light is a key regulator of biological rhythms. Birds require a certain amount of light exposure during the day to function properly, and the absence of natural light could disrupt their natural rhythms and cause adverse effects. In conclusion, if a zoologist were looking for clues that birds follow a biological rhythm in natural settings, she might observe changes in the birds' behavior in response to light, as well as changes in activity levels at certain times of the day.
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What can adults do to shrink fat cells?
Answer: To shrink fat cells, you need to eat fewer calories than your body needs.
CREDIT: healthyeating
Answer:
eat healthily and exercise properly
Explanation:
Why can certain drugs or viruses cause birth defects?
Solar Energy Supply Part 3 0.0/5.0 puntos (calificado) How much land would be required if the solar installations were in the much-less-sunny northeast US, producing 7.5W/m² on average? sq km Enviar
X MW / 0.0000075 MW/km² land area would be required if the solar installations were in the much-less-sunny northeast US, producing 7.5W/m² on average.
To calculate the land required for solar installations in the much-less-sunny northeast US, producing an average of 7.5W/m², we need to consider the energy output per unit area and the total energy demand.
Let's assume that the total energy demand in the northeast US is X megawatts (MW). To convert this demand into the required land area, we need to divide the total energy demand by the average energy output per unit area.First, we need to convert the average energy output from watts per square meter (W/m²) to megawatts per square kilometer (MW/km²). Since 1 MW is equal to 1,000,000 W and 1 square kilometer is equal to 1,000,000 square meters, we can convert the average energy output as follows:
7.5 W/m² = 7.5/1,000,000 MW/km² = 0.0000075 MW/km²
Next, we divide the total energy demand (X MW) by the average energy output per unit area to find the land area required:
Land area required = X MW / 0.0000075 MW/km²
The resulting value will be in square kilometers (km²), which represents the land area required for the solar installations in the much-less-sunny northeast US to meet the energy demand.
It's important to note that the exact total energy demand and the specific conditions of the solar installations may vary, so this calculation provides a general approach to estimate the land area required based on the given average energy output per unit area.
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Describe the added “costs” of sexual reproduction for an organism.
O_o
huh
-_0
Photosynthesis???????
You aim to chemically synthesize four peptides with the following one-letter amino acid sequences: TIGER, PANTHER, CHEETAH, and CAT. A.Which one of these peptides will have the lowest pl? Give a reason for your answer. You are not required to calculate the pls of the peptides to answer this question. A qualitative knowledge of the ionization properties of amino acids discussed in class is sufficient to answer this question (4 points). B. Based on what we learned in the lectures, draw the titration curve for the GEAR peptide in the pH range 0-14. Make sure to label the two axes, and the pk1, pk2, and pkr values on the curve. If there are multiple R groups that titrate, indicate the pkrs as pKR1, PKR2 etc. You are not required to write out the chemical structures of the various titration intermediates (8 points). C. While entering the sequence in into the automated peptide synthesizer you mistakenly type in CHETAH instead of CHEETAH. So, you synthesize a peptide with the wrong sequence. However, you realize something is wrong as soon as you do a pH titration of the peptide. What is one difference be- tween the pH titration curves for the peptides CHEETAH and CHETAH? You can either answer in words alone or with help of pH titration curves (4 points).
The peptide CAT is expected to have the lowest pI due to its composition of basic amino acids.
The pI of a peptide is influenced by the ionizable amino acid residues it contains. CAT, among the given peptides, is composed mainly of basic amino acids such as arginine and lysine. These basic amino acids have higher pKa values for their side chains, resulting in a net positive charge at lower pH values.
The pI is the pH at which a peptide carries no net electrical charge, and in the case of CAT, it is likely to be lower due to the prevalence of basic amino acids. Peptides with acidic or neutral amino acids would have higher pI values, as their side chains have lower pKa values and tend to be negatively charged at lower pH values.
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The question is inappropriate, the correct question is:
You aim to chemically synthesize four peptides with the following one-letter amino acid sequences: TIGER, PANTHER, CHEETAH, and CAT. A.Which one of these peptides will have the lowest pl? Give a reason for your answer. You are not required to calculate the pls of the peptides to answer this question.
Which molecules are used for releasing energy in the cell
1. glucose, carbon dioxide and water
2glucose, oxygen and amino acids
3glucose and oxygen
4glucose and amino acids
Answer: glucose and Oxygen
Explanation: Glucose is converted to water and carbon dioxide in mitocondries and energy is released. Oxygen is needed to reaction.
Amino acids can be converted to energy but that is not primary purpose of amino acids.
the mass of a 235 92u nucleus is _____ the sum of the masses of a 141 56ba nucleus, a 9236kr nucleus, and two neutrons, all separated from each other.
The mass of a 235 92U nucleus is less than the sum of the masses of a 141 56Ba nucleus, a 9236Kr nucleus, and two neutrons, all separated from each other.
The mass of the nucleus is affected by the number of protons and neutrons it contains. The total mass of a nucleus is determined by adding up the masses of the individual protons and neutrons. The mass of a 235 92U nucleus is less than the sum of the masses of a 141 56Ba nucleus, a 9236Kr nucleus, and two neutrons, all separated from each other.The mass of the nucleus is less than the sum of its parts due to a phenomenon known as nuclear binding energy.
The energy required to break a nucleus down into its individual protons and neutrons is referred to as nuclear binding energy. When a nucleus is created, nuclear binding energy is released, which lowers the overall mass of the nucleus by a small amount.The amount of nuclear binding energy present in a nucleus is determined by the number of protons and neutrons it contains. The larger the number of protons and neutrons, the greater the amount of nuclear binding energy. The nucleus becomes more tightly bound as a result of the increased nuclear binding energy, and its overall mass is reduced slightly.
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What produce the type iii secretion system virulence factor?
Answer:
The genes encoding several type III secretion systems reside on pathogenicity islands, which are inserted DNA segments within the chromosome that confer upon the host bacterium a variety of virulence traits, such as the ability to acquire iron and to adhere to or enter host cells.
Delayed analysis of synovial fluid affects the results of all of the following tests except the:
A. Mucin clot test
B. Glucose
C. Crystal examination
D. WBC count
Delayed analysis of synovial fluid affects the results of all of the following tests except the: mucin clot test (option A).
A mucin clot test is not necessary for the diagnosis of joint disease, but it helps in the diagnosis of pseudogout and gout. Synovial fluid analysis is a diagnostic technique that involves withdrawing synovial fluid from a joint cavity, then analyzing the fluid to diagnose joint diseases. The technique is a standard test used by physicians, particularly rheumatologists, to detect joint conditions.
What is synovial fluid analysis?Synovial fluid analysis is a laboratory test that involves examining synovial fluid samples. Synovial fluid is a clear, viscous liquid that fills the joint cavity, lubricating the joint and protecting it from friction. The liquid is produced by synovial membranes that line the inner surface of the joint capsule. Synovial fluid contains numerous substances that help in the diagnosis of joint diseases.
What are the contents of synovial fluid?Synovial fluid contains a variety of substances that help diagnose joint diseases, including:
White blood cells (WBCs), including monocytes, macrophages, and lymphocytes.
Proteins such as albumin, globulin, and fibrinogen.
Crystals, which are associated with specific types of arthritis.
Glucose, lactate, and pyruvate are all energy sources in the body.
What happens when synovial fluid analysis is delayed?Synovial fluid analysis must be done as soon as feasible after the joint is aspirated. The composition of synovial fluid changes as time passes, affecting test findings. The number of WBCs in the sample rises with time, indicating an inflammatory response. Therefore, delayed synovial fluid analysis affects all of the tests mentioned except the mucin clot test. Hence, the correct answer is Option A.
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What is the difference between a) prokaryote and eukaryote; b) autotroph and heterotroph; c) unicellular and multicellular?
Answer:
Explanation:
a) eukaryotes have membrane bound organelles like nuclei while prokaryotes don't
b) autotrophs = producers that can make their own food while heterotrophs consume producers or other consumers
c) Unicellular organisms are made up of only one cell that carries out all of the functions needed by the organism, while multicellular organisms use many different cells to function
A circuit consists of a wire, a lightbulb, a switch, and a battery. What would happen if the battery were replaced with a section of wire?
Beneficial bacteria are found in our digestive tract
A. true
B. False
please help
I will give brainliest and 5 * and 10 points for the best answer
I don't want to see an link if I do you will be reported
What causes objects to change their motion? *
1 a force
2 the mass of an object
3 the velocity of an object
Answer: 1 a force
Explanation:
Answer:
answer is 1 hope this helps
Of the three major types of handwriting characteristics line form includes, smoothness of the lines,
pen pressure, and slant
True or False?
What is the purpose of vaccines?
to help your immune system prepare for diseases
to kill existing diseases in your body
to speed up your healing from diseases
to weaken diseases that affect your body
Look at the speedometer at the top. What do you notice about the speed when the skater goes from a height of 6m down to 0m and back up to 6m?
Answer:
First increases then decreases.
Explanation:
The speed of skater tends to increases when it moves from high elevation of 6 m to the low height area due to sloppy region while on the other hand, when the skater moves again from 0 m or from the ground level to 6 m height its speed decreases when reaches to the highest point. First the speed of the skater increases due to moving in the direction of gravity while on other hand, the speed of the skater decreases due to movement of skater against the gravity of earth.
Innate defenses include mechanical and chemical barriers, whereas adaptive defenses counter specific disease-causing agents.
True or False
(first one to answer gets brainliest!), What % of wind energy does the United States use?
Answer:
Although wind makes up about 8% of total U.S. electricity generating capacity, wind generators provided a smaller share (5%) of total U.S. electricity generation in 2016 because wind turbines have relatively low capacity factors.
Explanation:
Witch statement about human activity and the environment is NOT true?
please help quickly i will give a thanks you will get all the points and brainliest with 5 stars
How is liver malfunction likely to affect digestion?
O A. It will affect the digestion of high-protein foods.
O B. It will affect the digestion of high-fiber foods
O C. It will affect the digestion of fatty foods.
O D.
It will affect the digestion of fruits.
Answer:
C
Explanation:
It will affect the liver because the liver helps to store fatty foods
Where does the growth of plants occur.
Answer:
the tips of the steams and roots, also known as an apices
Answer:
The growth in plants can occur in or as the stems and including the roots lengthens or grows. Thus, some plants and including the ones that are woody, Which can increase in thickness during their life span. The increase causes in length or the growth of the shoot and of course the root., which is mostly referred as primary growth. This is the result of a cell division in the shoot apical meristem.
TRUE/FALSE> littoral zones are more likely to contain vegetation than riparian zones. please select the best answer from the choices provided
Littoral zones are more likely to contain vegetation than riparian zones. This statement is TRUE.
Littoral zone: This is the region of a body of water close to the shore. The littoral zone is the area of the lake where the rooted plants are able to grow. It is the area of the lake where sunlight penetrates all the way to the sediment and allows aquatic plants to grow. Therefore, the littoral zone is more likely to contain vegetation than riparian zones. Riparian zone: This is the area adjacent to a stream or river. Riparian zones are unique and provide a diverse range of habitats for different species. The vegetation in this zone is very important for the proper functioning of stream and river ecosystems. While it may contain vegetation, the likelihood is lower than that of the littoral zone.
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You are a geneticist working at a veterinary hospital. Your job is to help people understand genetic disorders that could affect their pets.
Answer:
To be connected with pet owners.
Explanation:
For doing this job, i have to be connected with the people having pets in their houses because with this interaction I provide all information about genetic disorders that their pet can gain. I will attend group discussion with these people in order to avoid threats of genetic disorder to their pets. With this information, these people are able to diagnose any genetic disorder symptoms in their pets and if we knew on time this genetic disorder can be eliminated from their pets and their health should be maintained.
Some vitamins can be produced by the body.
TRUE
FALSE
Answer:
true
Explanation:
my freind says so..