A helper T-lymphocyte becomes activated by Antigen presenting cell.
What is Antigen presenting cell?Pay attention to how it sounds. Zen-ting sel (AN-tih-jen-preh) a particular class of immune cell that stimulates immunological responses by exposing immune system cells to antigens on its surface. A particular class of phagocyte is an antigen-presenting cell.The three main antigen-presenting cells are B lymphocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells. T lymphocytes are given extracellular antigen to be cleared by these cells.Dendritic cells (DCs) and B cells are examples of traditional antigen-presenting cells (APCs) (10). APCs must first recognize and bind their target in order to launch an immune response. APCs express antigen-specific surface receptors, such as pattern recognition receptors, to do this (PRRs).To learn more about Antigen presenting cell refer to:
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A species that has a large effect on the types and abundance of other species in an ecosystem
In an ecosystem, keystone species play important functions that have a significant impact on the kinds and abundance of other species.
What is meant by ecosystem?An ecosystem is a region where a bubble of life is created by plants, animals, and other species interacting with the weather, environment, and other factors.
What role does the ecology play?Human wellbeing and survival depend on healthy terrestrial ecosystems because they give us access to critical goods and advantages. More than 90% of our food originates from terrestrial ecosystems, which also offer us energy, resources for construction and clothing, health-related products, clean water, and pure air.
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how can alternative rna splicing result in different proteins derived from the same initial rna transcription
The alternative RNA splicing results in different proteins derived from the same initial RNA transcription introns/exons being read and chosen differently. Original RNA is spliced differently producing varying mRNA.
Alternative splicing can provide evolutionary flexibility. Single point mutations can result in the occasional exclusion or inclusion of specific exons from transcripts during splicing, allowing new protein isoforms to be generated without loss of the original protein.
Alternative splicing is a cellular process in which exons of the same gene are combined in different combinations to produce different but related mRNA transcripts. These mRNAs can be translated to produce different proteins with different structures and functions all from a single gene. Alternative splicing is a molecular mechanism that alters the pre-mRNA structure prior to translation.
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cells synthesize a variety of complex molecules to include proteins, nucleic acids, lipids and carbohydrates. a large majority of the molecules that cells make are proteins. which three organelles are most involved in synthesizing proteins?
The three organelles that are most involved in protein synthesis include: Nucleus, Ribosomes and Endoplasmic reticulum (ER).
What is protein synthesis and its significance?The protein synthesis is the formation of polypeptide chain from amino acids. It takes place in two stages of transcription and translation. Transcription is the transfer of genetic instructions from DNA to mRNA in the cell nucleus. It includes three steps: initiation, elongation, and termination. Translation is formation of protein from mRNA.
Proteins are largest, complex molecules that play many important roles in the body. They perform most of their work inside the cell and are necessary for the structure, function and regulation of body tissues and organs
What is needed for protein synthesis?Several essential substances must be present for protein synthesis, including the 20 amino-acids that make up proteins. Another essential component is a set of enzymes that work in this process. DNA and another form of nucleic acid called ribonucleic acid (RNA) are also essential.
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Genotypes for:
Homozygous dominant
Heterozygous
Homozygous recessive
Phenotypes for:
Homozygous dominant
Heterozygous
Homozygous recessive
Can you also provide an explanation? I want to actually know how to figure this out myself.
Assume that we have the dominant allele 'D' and the recessive allele 'd'. Lets make the example that the gene these encode for the fake disease called 'Fake Disease'. The recessive allele 'd' encodes for if you HAVE the disease. The dominant allele encodes for NOT having the disease. You get passed on a version of this allele from both your parents and hence any individual will have the genotype of 'XX' (basically your genotype will be a combination of the two alleles dependent on what you got from your parents). ALSO for a recessive allele to be expressed in the phenotype (definition below) you need to have two copies of it because other wise the dominant allele 'D' will 'hide' the occurance of the single 'd' allele.
Homozygous (the prefix 'homo' means SAME).
Heterozygous (the prefix 'hetero' means DIFFERENT).
Genotype = the genes you have in your genome
Phenotype = what trait is expressed due to what genes you have
Homozygous dominant = SAME of the Dominant allele
- Genotype: DD (the two alleles you have are the same and are both the dominant alleles)
- Phenotype: Does not have Fake Disease (as the recessive 'd' allele encodes for this and the individual does not have two of the 'd' the disease is not expressed in the genotype)
Heterozygous = DIFFERENT alleles
- Genotype: Dd (you get one copy of each allele but both are different from each other)
- Phenotype: Does not have Fake Disease (the dominant allele 'D' is what it is called 'dominant' it dominants over the recessive allele and will cover the expression of the recessive allele)
Homozygous Recessive = SAME of the Recessive Allele
- Genotype: dd
- Phenotype: Does have Fake Disease (having two recessive alleles of a trait means that it is expressed in the individual.
Hopefully this helps!!! (sorry if you already know some of the stuff I explained I don't know your level of knowledge on this topic and just wanted to make sure my answer made sense)
PLEASE HURRY ITS TIMES
DNA carries the cell’s genetic information; however, it cannot leave the .
Because of this, it copies part of its nucleotide sequence into a complementary copy of
during the process called .
During this process, the enzyme,
separates the DNA strands.
One strand of DNA acts as the
from which nucleotides are assembled into a strand of RNA.
Each three letter sequence on the mRNA is called a .
The start codon is and the three stop codons are .
Once the mRNA leaves the nucleus it goes to the to prepare for protein
synthesis which is called .
During this process, a molecule brings the to the ribosome.
The amino acids are hooked together by bonds.
The tRNA is able to match up to the mRNA by the in its anticodons.
When the codon is reached, the chain is released into the .
Word Bank:
protein mRNA ribosome tRNA peptide amino acid complementary bases
helicase AUG template stop codon nucleus UAG, UGA, UAA translation cytoplasm transcription
Which two factors can both cause a population to increase?
1. birth rate and emigration
2. birth rate and immigration
3. death rate and immigration
4. death rate and emigration
Answer:
2
Explanation: birth rate and immigration since when people immigrate to an area, the population increases. When people are born, the population increases.
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Thomas observed a graph showing changes in Earth's glaciers. After looking at the graph, he came to a conclusion about Earth's climate and stability. Based on the graph below, what conclusion did Thomas make about Earth's climate?
Earth's climate goes through short-term cycles of cooling and warming.
Earth's climate goes through long-term cycles of cooling and warming.
Earth's climate appears to be cooling over a period of time.
Earth's climate appears to be irregularly cooling and warming.
Answer: The correct Answer is D, Earth's climate goes through short-term cycles of cooling and warming.
Explanation:
Prokaryotes that use light for their energy source and co2 for their carbon source are called _____.
Answer:
Photoautotrophs
Explanation:
Photoautotrophs are cells that capture light energy, and use carbon dioxide as their carbon source. There are many photoautotrophic prokaryotes, which include cyanobacteria. Photoautotrophic prokaryotes use similar compounds to those of plants to trap light energy.
What process of sexual reproduction do some but not all bacteria use?(1 point)
Responses
A. cloning
B. binary fission
C. endospore formation
D, conjugation
Answer: D
Explanation:
Organism a is eukaryotic, unicellular, and lacks a cell wall. Organism b is eukaryotic, multicellular, has cell walls, and is autotrophic. In which kingdoms should these organisms be classified?.
Kingdom Plantae includes autotrophic organisms with cellulosic cell wall while kingdom Animalia includes heterotrophic organisms without the cell wall.
Kingdom Animalia is characterized by the presence of multicellular body, heterotrophic mode of nutrition, eukaryotic cells and cells without cell wall. Kingdom Plantae are autotrophs because they use energy from sun to produce their food. Plants have cellulose as a cell wall material.
Cell walls are generally absent in many eukaryotes, including animals, but are present in some other ones like fungi, algae and plants, and in most of the prokaryotic organisms.
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Construct a food chain. Label the producer, primary consumer, secondary consumer, and tertiary consumer. An owl eats a snake, the snake eats a squirrel, the squirrel ate a nut.
In the example, the producer is a nut, the primary consumer is a squirrel, the secondary consumer is a snake, and the third consumer is an owl.
What is the consumer in biology?Any organism that is unable to produce its own nourishment is a consumer. Consumers must eat from producers or other consumers in order to exist. Because they are herbivores, deer can only consume grass (Producers). A bear is another example of a consumer. 1. One who purchases products or services for personal use or possession as opposed to selling or use in production or manufacturing. 2. A heterotrophic organism in a food chain that consumes other organisms or organic substances.
Which organism is the consumer?The organisms that eat the producers are the principal consumers. They are many and frequently little in size. Herbivorous animals are the main consumers (vegetarians). The organisms known as secondary consumers are carnivores that consume the prime consumers.
Briefing:As a result, the food chain in this instance is nut—>squirrel—>snake—>owl.
According to the scenario, a nut is indeed the producer, the squirrels is the main customer, the snake is indeed the secondary customer, and the owl is the third consumer.
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examine the phylogenetic tree showing the evolutionarily relationships of five organisms which statement most accurately explains the relationship between organisms and the other organisms 
A phylogenetic analyses is a visual representation of how different creatures have evolved over time. Phylogenetic trees are theories, not proven truths.
What in biology does phylogeny mean?A phylogenetic tree, sometimes called a phylogeny, is a visual representation of how several species, creatures, or genes have descended over time from a single common ancestor.
What purposes does phylogeny serve?A potent method for determining how modern species have evolved is phylogenetics. Scientists can better comprehend how species have developed while also gaining insight into the differences and similarities between various species by examining phylogenetic trees.
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After some important cellular processes, there is an abundance of carbon dioxide (co2) molecules inside the cell, but not enough molecules outside the cell. Co2 molecules would.
After some important cellular processes, there is an abundance of carbon dioxide (CO₂) molecules inside the cell, but not enough molecules outside the cell. CO₂ molecules would move outside the cell due to the process of diffusion.
Cell is the basic fundamental unit of life that acts as the building block of all the organisms. A cell can be of two types based on its origin: prokaryotic and eukaryotic.
Diffusion is the process of movement of solute particles from the region of its higher concentration to lower concentration. This movement does not required the expenditure of energy and hence it is a passive process.
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a large population of cockroaches was sprayed with an insecticide. a few of the cockroaches survived and produced a population of cockroaches that was resistant to this spray. what can best be inferred from this example?
The inference that can be drawn when a large population of cockroaches was sprayed with an insecticide where a few of the cockroaches survived and produced a population of cockroaches that was resistant to this spray is that: Individuals with favorable variations survive and reproduce.
Insecticide are the compounds that are used to get rid of the pests and insects in the crop fields or at homes. They can be organic, synthetic, inorganic or miscellaneous.
Variations are the changes in the genetic sequence of an organism. These are also called mutations. Usually the mutations are harmful but beneficial mutations can arise as well that help the population of organisms to survive better in the unfavorable conditions.
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the process of breaking down glycogen into glucose is called , while the process of synthesizing new glucose from other substrates is called .
Glycogenolysis is the process of converting glycogen into glucose, whereas gluconeogensis is the process of creating new glucose from other substrates.
Glycogenolysis is the biological process through which glycogen breaks down into glucose and glucose-1-phosphate. Both myocytes and hepatocytes take part in the reaction. Your body turns glucose into glycogen through a process called glycogenesis. Your body breaks down glycogen for use through a process called glycogenolysis. Those two actions Several enzymes participate in glycogenolysis. Gluconeogensis is the process by which glucose is created from non-carbohydrate metabolites. The main precursors for gluconeogensis are pyruvate, lactate, a few gluconeogenic amino acids, and glycerol, which is primarily produced by fat metabolism.
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ill in the blank. a gujarati village comprises a(n) of organisms: a. ecosystem b. habitat c. niche d. community
A Gujarati village comprises an ecosystem of organisms.
A typical Gujarati village consists of clusters of houses along a central street. The village center has a temple village square shops and a fountain. The land and trade castes live in this central area while the artisan castes live further afield.
An ecosystem is a community of organisms in a particular area. The term eco refers to a part of the world and the system refers to a coordinating entity. Gujarati, like other Indo-Aryan languages, was developed through Prakrit, a large group of ancient Indic languages, and Ababramsha, a transitional dialect spoken in India between the 6th and 13th centuries AD. It comes from Sanskrit.
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What does the replication of DNA during interphase ensure during cell replication?
A. Mutations are connected before the cell divides
B. Each daughter cell gets an exact copy of the cells DNA
C. Crossing over occurs prior to cell division
D. Genetic variation is created in daughter cells
All plant cell walls are made of _____ while all fungi cell walls are made of _____.
The cellulose and chitin-based cell walls of plants and fungus, as well as the cell walls of bacteria, are not the same.
What types of tactile sensors are there?Merkel's disks, Meissner's corpuscles, Ruffini endings, and Pacinian corpuscles are the four main subtypes of tactile mechanoreceptors. In the upper layers of skin that has hair or is glabrous, Merkel's disks are slow-adapting, unencapsulated nerve terminals that respond to gentle touch.
What role does tactile play?The tactile corpuscle is in charge of delivering low-frequency vibrations and light touch sensations from the peripheral nervous system to the brain.
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5. Below is the DNA sequence for the orange tiger and the mutated DNA sequence of the
white tiger. Look at both sequences and explain
a. what type of mutation took place
b.
how you know.
DNA code
Mutated DNA code
CAG CAG CAG CAG CAG CAG
CAG CAG CAG TAG CAG CAG
The type of mutation that took place is the insertion of a nucleotide into the DNA.
What is mutation?
A major factor in the diversity of organisms is a mutation, which is a change in the genetic sequence. These alterations take place at a variety of levels and might have very varied effects. Mutations may have an impact on an organism by altering its phenotype, or they may have an impact on the way DNA codes the genetic information (genotype). When mutations take place, they may be completely fatal or they may result in the termination (death) of an organism. Mutated RNA code GTC GTC GTC ATC GTC GTCOrganisms having undesirable mutations do not live very long.To learn more about mutations refer to:
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Please help!!!
Lightning that occurs within a cloud is known as ___
lightning.
Answer:
Intra-Cloud
Explanation:
Answer:points
Explanation:
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in a pond that experiences succession, what relationship would you expect regarding changes in species richness over time?
In a pond that experiences succession, species richness increases over time.
During succession, species diversity declines. A large number of species that enter the canopy through tiny holes and a comparatively small number that regrow in the huge clearings are characteristics of communities where such large patches are uncommon. Following a significant disturbance, diversity grows throughout the succession phase.
New species enter a region at each stage and may displace the ones that came before them, frequently as a result of environmental modifications produced by the preceding species. The community may eventually attain a condition of relative stability and stop shifting in composition.
Hence, species richness increases as result of succession.
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why do organisms that perform photosynthesis require water and sun light?
Answer:
Explanation:
Photosynthetic organisms need light because this is the source of the energy that is transformed to chemical energy by chlorophyll. These organisms need water because the electrons that are excited in chlorophyll and passed to the electron transport system are replaced with electrons from a split water molecule. Hydrogen is used to form the proton gradient across the thylakoid membrane. The electrons take from the oxygen molecules in water release an oxygen gas into the atmosphere which makes living possible for us.
gamma rays may be used to kill pathogens in ground beef. one irradiation facility uses a 60co source that has an activity of 1.0×106ci. 60co undergoes beta decay and then gives off two gamma rays, at 1.17 and 1.33 mev; typically 30% of this gamma-ray energy is absorbed by the meat. the dose required to kill all pathogens present in the beef is 4000 gy.
It is true that one irradiation facility uses a 60co source that has an activity of 1.0×106ci. 60co undergoes beta decay and then gives off two gamma rays, at 1.17 and 1.33 mev.
Irradiation facility is designed with overlapping layers of protection, interlocks, and safeguards to stop accidental radiation exposure. In addition, "melt-downs" don't occur in facilities as a result of the radiation supply provides off radiation and decay heat; but, the warmth isn't ample to soften any material.
A pathogen is outlined as an organism inflicting sickness to its host, with the severity of the sickness symptoms spoken as virulence. Pathogens are taxonomically wide numerous and comprise viruses and bacterium likewise as animate thing and cellular eukaryotes.
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how much physical factors such as temperature and salinity affect organisms is determined by the: group of answer choices environmental resistance carrying capacity ability to osmoregulate range of tolerance of the organisms
Physical factors such as temperature and salinity affect organisms is determined by the carrying capacity.
The physical and biological world where we live in - Environment. Each level of food chain where transfer of energy takes place - Trophic level. The physical factors like temperature, rainfall, wind and soil of an ecosystem - Abiotic factors. One of the most important abiotic factors influencing species composition in marine environments is salinity. Low-salinity (hypoosmotic) stress, which is common in many estuaries and coastal areas, can cause severe physiological stress in marine animals, affecting survival, immune responses, metabolism, protein function, and other cellular processes. Under moderate hypoosmotic stress, increased osmoregulation costs are met by increasing the routine metabolic rate or re-allocating energy to osmoregulatory processes. This, however, limits the potential for growth and reproduction, as well as, ultimately, fitness. The depletion of the organic osmolyte pool caused by low salinity has been proposed to set a critical boundary in osmoconforming marine invertebrates.
Desalination has been predicted for many coastal areas as a result of ongoing climate change, so it is critical to gain a better understanding of the mechanisms that limit salinity acclimation ability.
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write the name of any two memberanes that completely cover the brain
Answer:
the inner layer is pia mater
the middle layer is the arachnoid
the tough outer layer is dura mater
Explanation:
Answer:
Three layers of membranes known as meninges protect the brain and spinal cord. The delicate inner layer is the pia mater. The middle layer is the arachnoid, a web-like structure filled with fluid that cushions the brain. The tough outer layer is called the dura mater.
in rna processing, the intervening coding sequence that is missing from the final mrna is called an .
Exons, which are protein-coding sequences, make up eukaryotic genes. Intervening sequences called introns, which may be crucial in gene regulation but are excised from the pre-mRNA during processing, are also present.
What coding sequence is still present in the finished mRNA?After the final mRNA is created, the process of translation involves reading a succession of codons, which are three-base sequences. The Genetic Code, an RNA code, directs how codons are read.
The regions of coding are known as material exons, whereas the intervening non-coding sections are known as introns. The mature mRNA molecule is subsequently created by a procedure known as RNA splicing, which involves removing the introns.
Nucleic acid coding sequences refer to exons.
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which form of reproduction can result from damage to the original animal? group of answer choices fragmentation fission budding parthenogenesis
Fragmentation can result from damage to the original animal
What is fragmentation ?Body breaking into two pieces with subsequent regeneration is known as fragmentation. A separate individual will reappear if the animal has the ability to fragment and the part is large enough. For instance, many sea stars use fragmentation to carry out asexual reproduction.
In some organisms, such as planarians, when an organism's body splits into several pieces, each piece develops into a separate offspring. Fragmentation is the term for this. It can happen accidentally, through harm from predators or other sources, or as a result of natural reproduction.
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What would be the consequence of ectopically expressing Hoxd10 throughout the developing mouse limb bud?
Check all that apply.
converting the thumb into a middle finger.
converting the thumb into an index finger.
converting the index finger into a middle finger.
converting the index finger into a thumb.
converting the middle finger into an index finger.
converting the middle finger into a thumb.
Converting the thumb into an index finger will be the correct option.
What is ectopic pregnancy?
In an ectopic pregnancy, a fertilized egg implants outside the uterus, usually in one of the fallopian tubes.
Fallopian tubes are tubes that connect the ovaries and the uterus. If the egg gets stuck inside, it cannot develop into a baby and can be detrimental to your health if the pregnancy continues. It usually needs to be removed medically or surgically.
About 1 in 90 pregnancies in the UK are ectopic. This equates to approximately 11,000 pregnancies per year.
Therefore, Converting the thumb into an index finger will be the correct option.
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The temporary release of stress hormones into the bloodstream facilitates
memory reconstruction
repression
retrograde amnesia
retroactive interference
long-term potentiation
The temporary release of stress hormones into the bloodstream facilitates long-term potentiation (Option 5).
What is the process of long-term potentiation?The process of long-term potentiation is a physiological process associated with the increase in the synaptic signaling pathway among nerve (neuronal) cells, which may be associated with the secretion of different chemical messengers including hormones.
Therefore, with this data, we can see that the process of long-term potentiation is associated with enhanced synaptic signaling and long-lasting neuronal communication, a process linked to the release of chemical messengers called hormones.
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n pea plants, the allele for purple flowers, p, is dominant over the allele for white flowers, p. which conclusion about phenotype and genotype is possible?(1 point)
Dominant and recessive are used in the inheritance pattern of traits. Dominant traits mask the expression of recessive alleles whereas recessive traits can be expressed when two copies of allele is present.
What is the conclusion about phenotype and genotype?It is given that purple flower is dominant and white flower is recessive in pea plants. Hence, presence of at least one P allele will give purple color (dominant phenotype) to the flower. Therefore, the PP is a homozygous dominant genotype. Hence, the phenotype of PP is purple color.
Genotype of the purple (phenotype) flower is PP and that of white flower (phenotype) is pp.
As the purple flowers are dominant over the recessive, their genotype would be PP or Pp. White flowers phenotype would be white and genotype pp because they are recessive.
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