A firm has a debt-to-equity ratio of 1/4. The WACC is 18.6%, and the pretax cost of debt is 9.4%. What is the cost of common equity if the tax rate is 21%?

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

The cost of common equity is 22.32%.

Explanation:

This can be calculated using the weighted average cost of capital (WACC) formula as follows:

WACC = (WS * CE) + (WD * CD * (1 - T)) ……………… (1)

Where;

WACC = Weighted average cost of capital = 18.6%, or 0.186

WS = Weight of Market value of common shares outstanding = 1 - WD = 1 - 0.25 = 0.75

WD = Weight of debt = Debt-to-equity ratio = 1/4 = 0.25

CE = cost of common equity = ?

CD = Pretax cost of debt = 9.4%, or 0.094

T = Tax rate = 21%, or 0.21

Substituting the values into equation (1) and solve for CE, we have:

0.186 = (0.75 * CE) + (0.25 * 0.094 * (1 - 0.21))

0.186 = (0.75 * CE) + 0.018565

0.75 * CE = 0.186 - 0.018565

0.75 * CE = 0.167435

CE = 0.167435 / 0.75

CE = 0.223246666666667, or 22.3246666666667%

Rounding to two decimal places, we have:

CE = 22.32%

Therefore, the cost of common equity is 22.32%.


Related Questions

Jamie Patterson is doing research in Los Angle on a new product for Hispanic men and women, ages 18 to 39. She needs to choose a sampling technique. Which would you recommend? a) convenience sample b) any would work perfectly well c) stratified random sample d) quota sample e) random sample

Answers

Answer:

c) stratified random sample

Explanation:

Sampling is the process by which a small and representative part of a population is analysed and used to draw conclusions about the larger population.

The main aim of sampling is to reduce the time spent in drawing conclusions about he population not interest. It is easier to analyse small number of variables than the whole population.

Stratified random sample involves choosing a sample that has smaller sub groups called strata. This allows the sample to effectively represent a population when there are more than one characteristic to be considered.

In the given scenario the population is for Hispanics with subgroups of men, women, and age of 18 - 39 years.

So stratified random sampling is the best option

In the long-run the inputs of all the factors of production can be varied by the firm, consequently, firms can combine the factors of production more ______________ and, therefore, costs in the long-run are lower than in the short-run.

Answers

Answer:

Efficiently

Explanation:

In production, long run is simply the period of time that is long enough for all inputs to be changed. While short run is the time frame, usually so brief, a firm cannot change the amount of every input. Usually, in In the short run, some inputs are fixed, while in the long run, all inputs are variable and Profit maximization can only occur with minimization of costs of inputs.

Firms can combine the factors of production more in the long-run the inputs of all the factors of production and also In a long run, it can alter ot change variousproduction levels due to various economic profits or losses in view.

Assume that labor is plotted on the horizontal axis and capital is plotted on the vertical axis. A firm plans to spend $1,000 per week on inputs and confronts a wage rate of $10 per hour and a capital rental rate of $20 per hour. Given this information, what will be the slope of the isocost curve?

A. -2
b. -1/2
c. -100
d. -50

Answers

Answer:

b.-1/2

Explanation:

Calculation for what will be the slope of the isocost curve

Using this formula

Slope of isocost line = -Wage rate/Capital rental rate

Let plug in the formula

Slope of isocost line=-10/20

Slope of isocost line=-1/2

Therefore the Slope of isocost line will be -1/2

Moerdyk Corporation's bonds have a 15-year maturity, a 7.25% semiannual coupon, and a par value of $1,000. The required rate of return is 6.2%. Based on semiannual compounding, What is the market price of a bond?

Answers

Answer:

Bond price= $1,101.59

Explanation:

Giving the following information:

Time= 15*2= 30 semesters

Par value= $1,000

Rate of return= 0.062/2= 0.031

Cupon= (0.0725/2)*1,000= $36.25

To calculate the value of the bond, we need to use the following formula:

Bond Price​= cupon*{[1 - (1+i)^-n] / i} + [face value/(1+i)^n]

Bond price= 36.25*{[ 1 - (1.031^-30)] / 0.031} + [1,000/(1.031^30)]

Bond price= 701.42 + 400.17

Bond price= $1,101.59

A restructuring of operations that ____ the difference between a foreign currency's inflows and outflows may ____ economic exposure.
A. reduces; increase
B. increases; reduce
C. reduces; reduce
D. reduces; increase AND increases; reduce

Answers

Answer:

C. reduces; reduce

Explanation:

When there are an inflow and outflow of capital with respect to the foreign as an in and out of an economy so this represents a major and important aspect of the globalization. Simultaneously these type of inflows and outflows important impact the depreciation and the appreciation of the currency of the country in terms of foreign exchange reserves that directly impacted

Therefore the correct option is c.

If an investor purchases a bond when its current yield is higher than the coupon rate, then the bond's price will be expected to::_______

a. increase over time, reaching par value at maturity
b. exceed the face value at maturity
c. be less than the face value at maturity
d. decline over time, reaching par value at maturity

Answers

Answer:

a. increase over time, reaching par value at maturity

Explanation:

If current yield is more than coupon rate, it means that the bond price is less than par value, as time to maturity decreases bond value amortizes to par value. Thus, If an investor purchases a bond when its current yield is higher than the coupon rate, then the bond's price will be expected to increase over time, reaching par value at maturity.

Suppose that the coupon rate for a TIPS is 4%. Suppose further that an investor purchases $50,000 of par value initial principal) of this issue today.
(1) What is the dollar coupon interest that will be paid in cash at the end of the first six months if the current rate of inflation is 3.25%?
(2) What is the dollar coupon interest that will be paid in cash at the end of the first year if the rate of inflation increases to 3.75% six month later?

Answers

Answer:

1. $1,016.25

2. $1,035.30

Explanation:

Dollar coupon interest = Par value * (1+inflation/2)*coupon rate/2

1. Dollar coupon interest = 50000* (1+3.25%/2)*4%/2

Dollar coupon interest = 50,000*(1+3.25%/2)*4%/2

Dollar coupon interest = 50,000*1.01625*0.02

Dollar coupon interest = $1,016.25

2. Dollar coupon interest = 50,000*(1+3.25%/2)*(1+3.75%/2)*4%/2

Dollar coupon interest = 50,000*1.01625*1.01875*0.02

Dollar coupon interest = 1035.3046875

Dollar coupon interest = $1,035.30

The Distance Plus partnership has the following capital balances at the beginning of the current year: Tiger (40% of profits and losses) $ 150,000 Phil (30%) 120,000 Ernie (30%) 135,000 Each of the following questions should be viewed independently.

Required:
a. If Sergio invests $190,000 in cash in the business for a 20 percent interest, what journal entry is recorded?
b. If Sergio invests $100,000 in cash in the business for a 20 percent interest, what journal entry is recorded? Assume that the bonus method is used.
c. If Sergio invests $102,000 in cash in the business for a 20 percent interest, what journal entry is recorded? Assume that the goodwill is used.

Answers

Answer:

A. Total Capital After Investment = 150000+120000+135000+190000 = 595000

Sergio's Share = 595000*20% = 119000

Bonus Distributed to Existing Partners = 190000 - 119000 = 71,000

                                Journal Entry

Particulars                                  Debit     Credit

Cash                                          190,000

Sergio, Capital                                          119,000

Tiger, Capital  (71,000*40%)                    28,400

Phil, Capital  (71,000*30%)                       21,300

Ernie, Capital (71,000*30%)                      21,300

B. Total Capital After Investment = 150000+120000+135000+100000 = 505000

Sergio's Share = 505000*20% = 101000

Bonus Taken from Existing Partners = 101000 - 100000 = 100

                                Journal Entry

Particulars                                Debit     Credit

Cash                                        100000  

Tiger, Capital (1000*40%)         400  

Phil, Capital (1000*30%)            300  

Ernie, Capital (1000*30%)         300  

Sergio, Capital                                          101000

C. Total Capital After Investment = 150000+120000+135000+102000 = 507000

Implied Value of Business = 102000/20% = 510000

Goodwill = 510000 - 507000 = 3000

                                Journal Entry

Particulars                            Debit    Credit

Goodwill                               3000  

Tiger, Capital (3000*40%)                  1200

Phil, Capital (3000*30%)                     900

Ernie, Capital (3000*30%)                   900

                                Journal Entry

Particulars               Debit     Credit

Cash                       102000

Sergio, Capital                      102000

If an asset costs $16,000, has an expected useful life of 8 years, is expected to have a $2,000 salvage value and generates net annual cash inflows of $2,000 a year, the cash payback period is:__________.
A) 8 years.
B) 7 years.
C) 6 years.
D)5 years.

Answers

Answer:A) 8 years

Explanation: For every business, the shorter the payback period, the more attractive the investments and the longer the payback period the less attractive such investment is.

Payback period is the time in which the initial cost  of an investment is able to be recouped  through inflow of  cash generated by such investment.

It is calculated as   cost of the initial investment divided by the annual cash flow. ie

Cash Payback Period= Initial Investment/ Annual Cash flow

= 16,000/ 2000

= 8 years

Jill Angel holds a $200,000 portfolio consisting of the following stocks. The portfolio's beta is 0.875.

Stock Investment Beta
A $50,000 0.5
B 50,000 0.8
C 50,000 1
D 50,000 1.2
Total $200,000

If Jill replaces Stock A with another stock, E, which has a beta of 1.50, what will the portfolio's new beta be?

a. 1.40
b. 1.29
c. 0.86
d. 0.75
e. 1.08

Answers

The options provided are incorrect. The correct answer is given below

Answer:

New Portfolio beta = 1.125

Explanation:

The portfolio beta is the function of the weighted average of the individual stock betas that form up the portfolio. The formula to calculate the beta of a portfolio is as follows,

Portfolio beta = wA * Beta of A + wB * Beta of B +  ....  +  wN * Beta of N

Where,

w represents the weight of each stock in the portfolio

New Portfolio beta = 50000/200000 * 0.8  +  50000/200000 * 1  +  

50000/200000 * 1.2  +  50000/200000 * 1.5

New Portfolio beta = 1.125

Financial markets:____________.
a. reduce diversification.
b. increase transaction costs.
c. determine tax rates.
d. provide liquidity.

Answers

Answer:

b. increase transaction costs & d. provide liquidity.

Explanation:

Financial markets reduce diversification and provides liquidity. The market provides means for reduce diversification (reducing risk for borrowers & lenders) and also enhancing liquidity for borrowers & lenders as well.

The Dewey Corporation has the following data, in thousands. Assuming a 365-day year, what is the firm's cash conversion cycle?
Annual sales =
Annual cost of goods sold =
Inventory =
Accounts receivable =
Accounts payable = $45,000
$31,500
$4,000
$2,000
$2,400
a. 25 days
b. 28 days
c. 31 days
d. 35 days
e. 38 days

Answers

Answer:

d. 35 days

Explanation:

Cash conversion cycle = Average inventory/ (COGS/365) + Average account receivables/(Credit sales/365) - Average account payable / (COGS/365)

Cash conversion cycle = 4,000 / (31,500/365) + 2,000/(45,000/365) - 2,400/(31,5000/365)

Cash conversion cycle = 4,000/86.3014 + 2,000/123.2877 - 2,400/86.3014

Cash conversion cycle = 46.3492 + 16.2222 - 27.8095

Cash conversion cycle = 34.7619

Cash conversion cycle = 35 days

Based on the information given Cash conversion cycle is d. 35 days.

Cash conversion cycle = Days in Inventory + Days in Receivables – Days in payables

Cash conversion cycle = Inventory/Cost of Goods sold×365 + Accounts receivables/Annual Sales×365 – Accounts payable/Cost of goods sold×365

Let plug in the formula

Cash conversion cycle= 4,000 /31,500×365+ 2,000/45,000×365 - 2,400/31,5000×365)

Cash conversion cycle = 46.3492 + 16.2222 - 27.8095

Cash conversion cycle = 34.7619

Cash conversion cycle = 35 days (Approximately)

Inconclusion Cash conversion cycle is d. 35 days.

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Marginal cost is defined as:________.
a. total variable cost divided by total output.
b. the change in total costs from producing one more unit of output.
c. total cost divided by total output.
d. the change in fixed cost from producing one more unit of output.

Answers

Answer:

b. the change in total costs from producing one more unit of output.

Explanation:

The marginal cost is the cost that incurred for generating one more additional unit of output

It could be computed as shown below:

Marginal cost = Change in total cost ÷ change in quantity

Therefore as per the above explanation, the option b is correct

And, the same is to be considered

Thus, all the other options are incorrect

What is the term used to describe the linking of key product or service requirements to process capabilities?

Answers

Answer:

Product or service profiling.

Explanation:

Product or service profiling is the term used to describe the linking of key product or service requirements to process capabilities.

Generally, most organizations and business owners use the product or service profiling strategy to enhance consistency through the identification of their key services or product line and as such are avail the opportunity to select the appropriate process, procedures and techniques to achieve their goals and objectives successfully.

On March 1st, the Picasso Co. issued a 12 month, $120,000 note, to the Bank of Carbondale. The note carries a 10% interest rate and all payments for principal and interest will be paid at the end of 1 year. What is the maturity value of the note?

Answers

Answer:

The maturity value of the note is $132,000

Explanation:

A Loan note is a promissory note that is signed to make a promise of an amount of Loan taken by someone that to be returned after a specific time with interest value at a defined in the loan note.

The maturity value of the loan note can be calculated as follow

Face value = $120,000

Interest rate = 10%

Time period = 1 years

Use following formula to calculate the maturity value of the loan note.

Maturity value = Face value x  ( 1 + interest rate )^ numbers of years

Placing values in the formula

Maturity value = $120,000 x ( 1 + 10% )^1

Maturity value = $132,000

You are evaluating shares in Honeywell International (HON). They currently pay an annual dividend of $4.00 per share this year and expect to raise that by 5% per year every year in the future. If you use a discount rate of 10%, what is the value of HON shares(to two decimal places)?

Answers

Answer:

$84

Explanation:

Calculation for what is the value of HON shares

Using this formula

Value of HON shares=(Expected dividend next year)/(Discount rate -Growth rate of dividend)

Let plug in the formula

Value of HON shares= 4(1+.05)/(.10-.05)

Value of HON shares= (4.2/ .05)

Value of HON shares= $84

Therefore the Value of HON shares will be $84

Solomon Services Company has 69 employees, 29 of whom are assigned to Division A and 40 to Division B. Solomon incurred $413,310 of fringe benefits cost during 2018. Required: Determine the amount of the fringe benefits cost to be allocated to Division A and to Division B.

Answers

Answer:

Division A - $173,710Division B - $239,600

Explanation:

First determine the fringe benefits per employee for the whole company;

= 413,310 / 69

= $5,990 per employee

Division A has 29 employees so the fringe benefit cost is;

= 29 * 5,990

= $173,710

Division B has 40 employees so the fringe benefit cost is;

= 40 * 5,990

= $239,600

A) A country's natural unemployment rate is 4 percent and its actual unemployment rate is 7 percent, what is its cyclical unemployment rate? Instructions: Enter the value for the output gap as an absolute number B) According to Okun's law, this country would have a recessionary output gap of percent percent.

Answers

Answer:

a. Cyclical unemployment rate = 3%

b. According to Okun's law, this country would have recessionary output gap of 6%

Explanation:

Note: The full and organized question is attached as picture below

a. A country's natural unemployment rate = 4% & its actual unemployment rate = 7%

Cyclical unemployment rate = Actual unemployment rate - Natural unemployment rate

Cyclical unemployment rate = 7 - 4

Cyclical unemployment rate = 3%

Cyclical unemployment is known to happen when the overall demand for goods and services in an economy cannot reach the level of full employment

b. Okun's law is known as the relationship between the economy unemployment rate and its Gross National Product

According to Okun's law, this country would have recessionary output gap of 6%. This comes from if a country's recessionary output gap grows by 4%, then its cyclical unemployment rate will increase by 2%

a. The cyclical unemployment rate is 3%

Cyclical unemployment can be described as the type of unemployment that exists because full demand for goods and services cannot attain full employment.

The natural rate of unemployment = 4%

The actual rate of unemployment = 7%

cyclical unemployment =

Actual - natural

7% - 4% = 3%

Therefore the cyclical unemployment rate is 3%.

b. According to Okun's law the recessionary gap would be 6%.

The reason for this is that the law states that when there is natural unemployment, the recessionary gap can be gotten by adding 2% to the natural rate.

4%+2% = 6%

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A contingent liability: multiple choice is only remotely possible. cannot be estimated. will result from a future event. is a potential liability that has arisen because of a past event or transaction. will only result when a remote event becomes probable. is remotely estimable and probable

Answers

Answer:

is a potential liability that has arisen because of a past event or transaction.

Explanation:

A contingent liability is a potential liability that has arisen because of a past event or transaction.

Some of the characteristics of contingent liabilities includes being remote, probable, estimable, and reasonably possible.

In order to record a contingent liability as a liability on a company's balance sheet, it must be probable (likely to occur) and subject to estimate.

Hence, companies are advised to record the contingent liabilities so as to meet the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) and IFRS requirements.

The composition of the Fingroup Fund portfolio is as follows:
Stock Shares Price
A 200,000 $ 34
B 268,000 56
C 416,000 36
D 520,000 45
The fund has not borrowed any funds, but its accrued management fee with the portfolio manager currently totals $56,000. There are 4.5 million shares outstanding.
What is the net asset value of the fund? (Round your answer to 2 decimal places.)

Answers

Answer:

$13.36

Explanation:

The computation of the net asset value of the fund is as follows:

Total value

= 200,000 shares × $34 + 268,000 shares × $56 + 416,000 shares × $36 + 520,000 shares × $45

= $6,800,000 + $15,008,000 + $14,976,000 + $23,400,000

= $60,184,000

Now the net asset value is

= ($60,184,000 - $56,000) ÷ (4,500,000)

=  $13.36

How will the depreciation of the Japanese Yen vis-à-vis the USD impact FDI from U.S. into Japan?

Answers

Answer:

Generally, when a currency depreciates, that results in higher foreign direct investment. I.e. if the currency of any country depreciates, investing in that country becomes cheaper for foreign companies, e.g. land, equipment or existing facilities are worth less if the investors brings an appreciated foreign currency.

In this specific case, if the yen depreciates, US foreign direct investment in Japan should increase.

When firms invest in suppliers to exchange knowledge and collaborate on improvements, they create shared value for:_______

a. The public.
b. Both the supplier and the lead firm.
c. The supplier only.
d. The lead firm only

Answers

When firms invest in suppliers to exchange knowledge and collaborate on improvements, they create shared value for: Selected Answer: Both the supplier and the lead firm.

Which item is not correct with respect to the treatment of sustainable and transitory items and a company's income statement?
a. Financial reporting assists statement users in forecasting future cash flows by providing an income statement format that segregates components of net income.
b. Income statements prepared in accordance with GAAP differentiate between income components that are believed to be sustainable and those that are transitory.
c. The income statement isolates a key figure called "income from sustainable operations."
d. Transitory items are disclosed separately on the income statement so that statement users can place less weight on these earnings components when forecasting future profitability.

Answers

Answer:

c. The income statement isolates a key figure called "income from sustainable operations."

Explanation:

Remember, an income statement is a financial report document that contains the revenues and expenses of a company in other to determine if the company is making a profit or loss in a particular period.

However,  with respect to the treatment of sustainable and transitory items and a company's income statement, it is incorrect to say that the "income statement has an isolated key figure called "income from sustainable operations," because it often notes transitory items and sustainable income components but not isolating them.

In many countries, one of the roles of the central bank is to provide loans to distressed financial institutions. In economics, the term for this is:
A. bailout bank
B. ender of last resort
C. source of ultimate credit
D. rovider of fiduciary nsurance
E. liquidity resource

Answers

Answer: Bailout Banking

Explanation:

benefits are an important aspect of employee compensation and they involve the direct financial payments employees receive for remaining with an employer.

true or false

Answers

True I think
If not lemme know :)

Park Co. is considering an investment that requires immediate payment of $21,530 and provides expected cash inflows of $6,500 annually for four years. Assume Park Co. requires a 7% return on its investments.
What is the internal rate of return?

Answers

Answer:

8.00%

Explanation:

The internal rate of return is the rate of return on the investment which gives a zero net present value.

IRR can be computed using excel IRR function as shown below:

=IRR(values)

values are the cash flows arranged from the earliest( year zero ) to the latest (year 4) as contained in the attached.

IRR=8.00%

The IRR is proven thus:

NPV=-$21,530+$6500/(1+8%)^1+$6500/(1+8%)^2+$6500/(1+8%)^3+$6500/(1+8%)^4=-$1.18(which is very close to zero)

E-Tech Initiatives Limited plans to issue $500,000, 10-year, 4 percent bonds. Interest is payable annually on December 31. All of the bonds will be issued on January 1, 2019. Show how the bonds would be reported on the January 2, 2019, balance sheet if they are issued at 102.

Answers

Answer:

E-Tech Initiatives Limited

Partial balance sheet

as on January 2, 2019

Liabilities

Long term Liabilities

Bond Payable ________________ $500,000

Add: Premium on Bond _________ $10,000  

_____________________________________ $510,000

Explanation:

First Calculate the issuance value

Issuance value = $500,000 x 102% = $510,000

The bond is issued on Premium, Now calculate the premium on bond value

Premium on bond = Issuance value - Premium on Bond

Premium on bond = $510,000 - $500,000

Premium on bond = $10,000

The bond payable value of $500,000 and Premium on the bond aer reported in the long term liability section of balance sheet.

The preparation of the bond that should be reported on the balance sheet is presented below:

E-Tech Initiatives Limited

Partial balance sheet

As on January 2, 2019

Liabilities

Long term Liabilities

Bond Payable $500,000

Add: Premium on Bond $10,000  ($510,000 - $500,000)

Carrying value $510,000 ($500,000 * 102%)

In this way, it should be presented.

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How long do financial records remain on your credit report?

Answers

Answer:   Approximately seven years

HOPE U HAD A GREAT THANKSGIVING <3

Your leader demonstrates both high concern for performance and high concern for employee welfare. Which leadership studies would this be consistent with?

Answers

Answer:

The Ohio State studies

Explanation:

A Leader is someone in a group that is straddled with the task of directing task-relevant group activities or, in the absence of a chosen leader, carrying the primary responsibility for performing the above functions in the group.

The Ohio's research/ studies carried out focus on Behavioral approach which was begun by researchers at Ohio State University. Its Leadership theory focus on the kinds of behavior engaged in by people in leadership roles and identified two major types which are consideration and initiating structure. Consideration as a type of behavior identified in the Ohio State studies are behavior showing mutual trust, respect, and a certain warmth and communication between the supervisor and group.

Martin owns his own motorcycle and ATV store and operates as a small business. He notices that many of his customers talk about golf while in his store. He quickly adds golf carts and golf clubs to his merchandise selection. Rapidly adjusting to the needs of his customers is possible because small businesses

Answers

What’s the question??
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What is the entire domain for the function V(x) that gives the volume of the box as a function of x? Read the poem that celebrates mountain climbing.To the MountainsLet there be light, the skyDeclares. And the sun answers.Yellow ribbons cascade acrossA serrated skyline, filling each valleyUntil it bursts.Alpine mornings wake in defianceOf gravity. The rock opens its hands,Draws men up, through the light.Distant summits, where the earthMeets the heavens.The earth shifts through each ribbon,Like water, an ocean of rockBraced against, all that space.Where men drift, a sea above and below,And reach.Question 1Part AWhat is the connotative meaning of yellow ribbons cascade in the first stanza?stars descendshadows falllightning crashessunlight floodsQuestion 2Part BHow does the connotative meaning of yellow ribbons cascade, identified in Part A, affect the mood of the poem?It sets a cautious mood as a storm moves over the mountains.It develops a peaceful mood as the sun begins to set.It suggests a somber mood as shade covers the mountains.It creates a welcoming mood as climbers prepare for the ascent. Describe the situation that would call for baboons to vote on what to do next Apply: Where in the Gizmo (and in real life) do the following energy conversions occur?26.Chemical to thermal to electrical current:27Gravitational potential to kinetic to electricalcurrent:28.Electrical to sound, radiant and thermal energy29.Nuclear to thermal to electrical current What is a major difference between the Magna Carta and the code of Hammurabi? divide the polynomial 3x^4-6x^2-x/x= 6-11 LisaLisa has stuffed toy cats when she was younger. She had cat t-shirts and she liked to watch shows about them on TV. What she did not have was a cat of her own. Lisa asked for one for her birthday. Her mother was remodeling the kitchen, and said to wait. Lisa asked again later when the kitchen was finished. One again, her mother said she was too busy. The holidays were coming, and relatives would be visiting.Lisa was ready to give up on getting a cat. One day, her teacher told the students to read the newspaper. When she did, Lisa saw an ad that said there would be an adoption day at the animal shelter. They had cats, dogs, kittens, and puppies ready for loving homes. The animals would be out in front of the grocery store. The owner of the store had volunteered to host the event.Lisa remembered what day the adoption activity would be. That day she reminded her mother that they needed cupcakes. The cupcakes were for school, and her mother said she would go to the grocery store to get them. Lisa asked if she could go too. Her mother agreed and they headed off. Lisa was smiling the whole way there. Her mother would surely see the kittens and would want one.When they got to the store, Lisa did not say anything. She waited until her mother got close to the animals then asked if she could look at them. Lisa looked at a little black-and-white kitten. She asked to hold the kitten and petted it. She showed her mother how soft the kitten was. She asked if she could take the kitten home. Now she has a black and white kitten named News.QUESTIONS:1. Who liked cats in the story?2. How did Lisa try to get a cat at the beginning of the story?3. How did Lisa's mom respond to the request for a cat?4. What is another, unspoken reason why Lisa's mom might not want her daughter to have a cat?5. Why was Lisa ready to give up on getting a cat? 6. Why did Lisa see the ad in the paper about the pet adoption day?7. The pet adoption event was going to be able to held at a grocery store. What is one benefit of holding this kind of event at a grocery store?8. How did Lisa get her mom to go to the store on the day of the pet adoption event?9. Why do you think Lisa's mom finally let her get a cat?10. Why do you think Lisa named her kitten "News?"Write a 1 paragraph summary of the story "Lisa". The Giver Elements of Literature: CONFLICT Conflict results from two opposing forces in a story. Four common types of conflict are: Man vs. himself (internal) a character experiences conflict between forces within himself Man vs. man a character experiences a conflict with another person Man vs. nature a character struggles to overcome forces of nature Man vs. society a character struggles with elements of his society Complete the activity below. Identify which type of conflict is present and explain it. Use complete sentences and be thorough in your explanation. Example:Well . . . Jonas had to stop and think it through. If everythings the same, then there arent any choices! I want to wake up in the morning and decide things! A blue tunic, or a red one? He looked down at himself, at the colorless fabric of his clothing. But its all the same, always. Type man vs. society Explanation Jonas is frustrated with the restrictions and lack of choices placed on his life by the communitys structure. Effect Instead of just accepting the communitys rules, Jonas chooses to begin pushing against and breaking some of the rules"Climate control. Snow made growing food difficult, limited the agricultural periods. And unpredictable weather made transportation almost impossible at times." (Ch 12)TypeExplanation "Do you love me?" there was an awkward silence for a moment. "Precision of language, please!" Jonas's father replied." (Ch 16)TypeExplanation Jonas went and sat beside them while his father untied Lilys hair ribbons and combed her hair. He placed one hand on each of their shoulders. With all of his being he tried to give each of them a piece of the memoryBut his father had continued to comb Lilys long hair, and Lily, impatient, had finally wiggled under her brothers touch. Jonas, she said, youre hurting me with your hand. TypeExplanation But the runners, this time, couldnt slice through the frozen expanse as they had on the other, snow-cushioned hill. They skittered sideways and the sled gathered speed. Jonas pulled at the rope, trying to steer, but the steepness and speed took control from his hands and he was no longer enjoying the feeling of freedom but instead, terrified, was at the mercy of the wild acceleration downward over the ice. (pg. 108)TypeExplanation Well . . . Jonas had to stop and think it through. If everythings the same, then there arent any choices! I want to wake up in the morning and decide things! A blue tunic, or a red one?He looked down at himself, at the colorless fabric of his clothing. But its all the same, always. (pg. 97)TypeExplanation Rubric:Correctly identified the five types of conflict (one per question): 50 pointsProvided a thorough explanation (in complete sentences and correct grammar) for each type of conflict: 50 points