The work for the compression process is 3719.3 J.
What is ideal gas law ?
The ideal gas is the virtual gas that chemists and students dream of because it would be much simpler if there weren't some kind of intermolecular force that would complicate the simple law of the ideal gas. An ideal gas is essentially a point cloud moving with constant random linear motion. Its behavior is described by the assumptions described in the kinetic molecular theory of gases. This ideal gas definition contrasts with the non-ideal gas definition. This is because this equation describes how gases actually behave. First, let us consider the ideal gas. The ideal gas law is simply a combination of all the simple gas laws (Boyle's law, Charles' law, Avogadro's law), and if you learn this law, you've learned them all. . The simple gas law can always be derived from the ideal gas equation.
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What is the change in entropy when the divider is removed from the container and all three molecules are allowed to mix together? assume that all three molecules began on the left side of the container.
The change in entropy when the divider is removed from the container and all three molecules are allowed to mix together,as a result, the change in Entropy will be positive.
What is entropy?
Entropy is a critical concept that students must properly understand while studying Chemistry and Physics. More crucially, entropy can be defined in numerous ways and hence applied in numerous stages or instances, such as a thermodynamic stage, cosmology, and even economics. Entropy, in its most basic form, refers to the spontaneous changes that occur in everyday events or the universe's inclination toward chaos.
We do not consider the microscopic aspects of a system from the standpoint of entropy in thermodynamics. Entropy, on the other hand, is used to characterise a system's behaviour in terms of thermodynamic variables such as temperature, pressure, entropy, and heat capacity. This thermodynamic description took into account the systems' state of equilibrium.
Entropy is a physical property that is commonly associated with chaos, unpredictability, or uncertainty. Because all three molecules started on the left side of the container, they are mingled together. This suggests that molecules are organised at random.
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the vsepr theory is used to group of answer choices predict the number of multiple bonds in a molecule. predict the bonding pattern in molecules. predict the three dimensional structure of molecules. predict the electronegativity of atoms.
The VSEPR theory is used to predict the three dimensional structure of molecules.
What is VSEPR theory?
Chemistry uses the valence shell electron pair repulsion (VSEPR) theory as a model to forecast how each individual molecule would look based on how many electron pairs will be surrounding its center atom. The two principal creators of the theory, Ronald Gillespie and Ronald Nyholm, gave it the additional moniker Gillespie-Nyholm theory.
The valence electron pairs that surround an atom have a tendency to oppose one another, thus they will arrange themselves in a way that minimizes this repulsion, according to the premise of VSEPR. The molecular shape is thus determined by a decrease in the energy of the molecule and an increase in its stability. The Pauli exclusion principle's electron-electron repulsion, rather than electrostatic repulsion, has been stressed by Gillespie as being more significant in dictating molecular geometry.Therefore, the VSEPR theory is used to predict the three dimensional structure of molecules.
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to a concentrated buffer of ph 9.0 was added an equal volume of an aqueous solution that was 0.20 m in each of the ions ca2 , cd2 , and cu2 . the expected precipitate would consist of:
Aqueous Solution - The expected precipitate would consist of Cu(OH)2.
What is aqueous solution?
An aqueous solution is one in which water serves as the solvent. Chemical equations typically illustrate it by adding (aq) to the appropriate chemical formula. For instance, Na+(aq) + Cl would be used to represent a solution of table salt, as well as sodium chloride (NaCl), throughout water (aq). The word aqueous, which derives from the word aqua, means that it is dissolved in or related to water. Water is a common solvent in chemistry due to its superior solvent properties and natural abundance. Since water is frequently used as a solvent in experiments, unless the solvent is specified, the word "solution" refers to an aqueous solution. A solution wherein the solvent is a liquid but not water is referred to as a non-aqueous solution.
Because:
salt: copper(II) hydroxide
Ksp: 1.8 × 10-19
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g of CO2 and g of H20 are produced when 64.0g C2H2 burn in oxygen
Gram of CO₂ and g of H₂O are produced when 64.0g C₂H₂ burn in oxygen is CO₂ is 216 g and H₂O is 44.28 g
Gram is the unit of mass or weight that is used especially in the centimeter gram-second system of measurement
Here reaction is
2C₂H₂ + 5O₂ → 4CO₂ + 2H₂O
So, 1 mole of C₂H₂ = 2(12) + 2(1) = 26 g
1 mole of CO₂ = 12 + 2(16) = 44 g
1 mole of H₂O = 2(1) + 16 = 18 g
So, 64.0 g C₂H₂ × 1 mol/26g = 2.46 mol C₂H₂
2.46 mol C₂H₂ × 4CO₂/2C₂H₂ = 4.92 mole of CO₂
4.92 mole CO₂ × 44 g/mol = 216 g CO₂
64.0g C₂H₂×1 mol/26 g = 2.46 mol C₂H₂
2.46 mol C₂H₂×2H₂O/2 C₂H₂ = 2.46 mol H₂O
2.46 mol H₂O×18 g/mol = 44.28 g H₂O
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based on the balanced chemical equation for reaction 5 what compounds were being removed when the recovered copper product was washed repeatedly with water? 4. (2 pts) why was ethanol used during the final washes of the recovered copper product? 5. (2 pts) why was a steam bath used to dry the recovered copper product? (hint: reference the reaction 5 steps in lab manual)
Compounds were being removed when the recovered copper product was washed repeatedly with water is aluminum III and copper II sulphate being removed
Compound is a substance made from two or more different elements that have been chemically joined and when the recovered copper product was washed repeatedly with water and the compound removed during those washes were aluminum III and copper II sulphate and the ethanol is to remove the water clinging to the solid and the ethanol evaporated faster and end up with dry solid faster and dispense with the ethanol wash but wait longer to dry the product and used other solvent such as acetone or heat the product
A steam bath is used instead of a hot plate to dry recovered copper to prevent overheating and overheating can lead to atmosphere oxygen oxidizing the copper and causing impurities
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what is the half-life of the reaction, if the reaction is 25% complete in 94.9 min at 25c. (keep in mind that the half-life of this reaction is independent of concentration). be sure to enter your answer with the correct units.
the half-life of the reaction is 50min
Half life of the reaction is actually the time required for the reaction to reach one half of its initial concentration or sometimes pressure too. The half-life of a specific radioactive isotope remains constant and so it is unaffected by conditions and is independent of the initial amount of that isotope.
To calculate the half life of the reaction we use the below given formula;
K = 2.303 × log 100
94.9 25
K = 0.014
Half life = 0.693 ⇒ 0.693
K 0.014
Half life = 49.5 ≈ 50min
Therefore the half-life of the reaction is 50min.
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How many liters do 1.55 g of O2 occupy at STP?
The volume that is occupied by the given mass of the oxygen gas is 1.1L
What is the volume?We know that the volume has to do with the space that is occupied by a gas. Now we know that from the Avogadro's law, the volume that is occupied by a gas is called the molar volume of the gas and it has a value of 22.4 L.
We now have;
Number of moles of the gas = 1.55 g/32 g/mol
= 0.048 moles
If 1 mole of the gas occupies 22.4 L
0.048 moles of the gas is going to occupy 0.048 moles * 22.4 L/1 mole
= 1.1 L
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What will happen to the carbon dioxide produced by the link reaction in an animal?.
Answer:
The link reaction links Hint to the Krebs Cycle. It converts pyruvic acid to Acetyl-CoA. Carbon dioxide is released as a waste product, and one Hint is produced.
Explanation:
A carbon atom is taken out of pyruvate during the link reaction, creating carbon dioxide. Pyruvate is converted into acetate along with the removal of hydrogen, which is then taken up by the coenzyme NAD to create reduced NAD.
What is pyruvate ?The conjugate base of pyruvic acid is pyruvate. It serves as a crucial intermediary in a number of biological processes. It is created at the conclusion of glycolysis and serves as a catalyst for a number of metabolic processes, including gluconeogenesis, fermentation, cellular respiration, fatty acid synthesis, etc.
During cellular respiration, glucose and oxygen combine to produce carbon dioxide, water, and energy. Animals breathe out most of their carbon dioxide, which is then discharged into the atmosphere. Plants can then use this carbon dioxide for photosynthesis.
Acetyl-coenzyme A, the link reaction's final byproduct, then moves into the Krebs Cycle. Through the oxidation of acetyl-coenzyme A, the Krebs Cycle generates energy.
Thus, pyruvate is changed into the two-carbon molecule known as acetate.
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a mixture of he , ar , and xe has a total pressure of 2.50 atm . the partial pressure of he is 0.250 atm , and the partial pressure of ar is 0.400 atm . what is the partial pressure of xe ? express your answer to three significant figures and include the appropriate units.
The partial pressure of Xe will be 1.85 atm.
How to find the partial pressure?
The total pressure is equal to the sum of the partial pressures. The total pressure is equal to the sum of the partial pressures.
Subtract the sum of the known partial pressures of the other components from the overall pressure to determine the partial pressure of one component in a mixture.
Given values: P_{He} = 0.250 atm, P_{Ar} = 0.400 atm, P_{total} = 2.50 atm
To Find: P_{Xe} = ?
Solution: Calculate the total pressure, then deduct the sum from the partial pressures of helium and argon.
P_{He} + P_{Ar} = 0.250 atm + 0.400 atm = 0.650 atm
P_{Xe} = P_{total} - (P_{He} + P_{Ar}) = 2.50 atm - 0.650 atm
P_{Xe} = 1.85 atm
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Question What does the law of conservation of mass state? Responses Mass can be created and destroyed during a chemical reaction. Mass can be created and destroyed during a chemical reaction. Mass can be created but not destroyed in a chemical reaction. Mass can be created but not destroyed in a chemical reaction. Mass cannot be created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction. Mass cannot be created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction. Mass can be destroyed but not created during a chemical reaction.\
According to the rule of conservation of mass, no atoms are created or destroyed during a chemical process. Instead, the atoms combine in a variety of ways to create goods.
What is law of conservation of mass ?According to the law of conservation of mass or principle of mass conservation, any system that is closed to all transfers of matter and energy must maintain a constant mass over time since the system's mass cannot vary and neither more nor less amount can be added or subtracted.
The law of conservation of mass, no atoms are created or destroyed during a chemical process. Instead, the atoms combine in a variety of ways to create goods. This is why each element has the same amount of atoms on both sides of an equation with balanced symbols.
Thus, According to the law of conservation of mass, mass is neither generated nor destroyed during a chemical process.
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Explain the difference between aliphatic hydrocarbons and aromatic hydrocarbons.
Answer:
Explanation:
Aliphatic compounds are those hydrocarbons that are the open chain compounds and also closed chains. Aromatic compounds are those who have only a closed chain structure. They can be saturated as well as unsaturated where the system can be open as well as closed chain.
The relative ability of a bonded atom to attract shared electron pairs is called its _____. This ability _____ as the size of the atom decreases because for a smaller atom the shared electrons will be closer to the nucleus.
The relative ability of a bonded atom to attract shared electron pairs is called its electronegativity. This ability increases as the size of the atom decreases because for a smaller atom the shared electrons will be closer to the nucleus.
A covalent bond consists of the mutual sharing of one or more pairs of electrons between two atoms. These electrons are simultaneously attracted to two nuclei.
Electronegativity is defined as the ability of an atom within a molecule to attract electrons to itself. The concept of an elemental electronegativity scale was proposed by Pauling.
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Sodium reacts vigorously with water; which other elements also do and why?
The high electropositive nature results in a low enthalpy of ionization and a low melting point. So when you add sodium to the water, it reacts violently to produce NaOH and H2.
Since alkali metals like sodium have only one valence electron they tend to donate that electron to nonmetals to achieve stability. They usually react fastest with halogens such as chlorine fluorine iodine and bromine. Because these halogens have seven valence electrons. Sodium is much more active than hydrogen, so it reacts violently with water.
Sodium is more reactive than lithium because it is larger. The outermost electrons are less strongly retained in sodium than in lithium. As a result, sodium loses its outermost electrons more easily than lithium. Therefore, it is more reactive than lithium. Of the options given, the reaction between chlorine and potassium is the most violent. Because, according to the periodic characteristics, the reactivity of potassium and chlorine is very high.
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at a certain concentration of h2 and nh3, the initial rate of reaction is 22.0 m / s. what would the initial rate of the reaction be if the concentration of h2 were halved? be sure your answer has the correct number of significant digits.
To find the correct number significant digits, learn the concentration and initial rate.
What is concentration?
In chemistry and related fields, the idea of concentration is used frequently. It is a way to gauge how much of one substance is incorporated into another.
What is initial rate?
When a reaction first begins, or when t = 0, its initial rate is the rate that exists at that precise moment. At time zero (t), the slope of the reactant concentration versus the time curve is equal to the initial rate.
Rak=k(H₂) (NH₃) Rak law expression
1. reaction order w.r.t H₂ is ⇒2
2. reaction order w.r.t NH₃ is⇒ 1.
3. overall order 2+1=3 ( bird order reaction)
4. k(H₂) (NH₃)= 0.740⇒ 1
H₂ is doubled ⇒ r₂=k(H₂) (NH₃)=4k(H₂) (NH₃)⇒2
(2)/(1) = r₂/r₁ = 4k(H₂) (NH₃)/k(H₂) (NH₃)=4
r₂= 4∝ r₁ = 4∝ 0.740=2.96m/s
5. r= 6.0∝ 10^⁴m/s, (H₂)= 0.98m, (NH₃)= 0.31m
r=k(H₂) (NH₃)
k=r/(H₂) (NH₃)= 6.0 ∝ 10^⁴/(0.98)^²(0.31)=201528.93m^⁻²s^⁻¹
K=2.0 ∝ 10^5m^⁻²s^⁻¹
Therefore, the significant digit is K=2.0 ∝ 10^5m^⁻²s^⁻¹
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Describe a method for making pure crystals of magnesium chloride from magnesium and dilute hydrochloric acid
The method for making pure crystals of magnesium chloride from magnesium and dilute hydrochloric acid is given below:
Making pure crystals of magnesium chloride from magnesium and dilute hydrochloric acidAccording to the reaction, magnesium and weak hydrochloric acid react to create magnesium chloride and release hydrogen gas.
MgCl2 (aq) + H2 from Mg (s) + 2HCl (g)
Following is the process for extracting pure magnesium chloride from the reaction.
First: Reaction
Keep a beaker with the diluted hydrochloric acid inside.Add magnesium gradually until there is an excess or until no more gas appears to be escaping.Second step: filtering
Filter using a funnel and filter paper. Remove the surplus magnesium by filtering it out because the filtrate will contain aqueous (liquid) magnesium chloride. The surplus magnesium is in the residual.To create solid crystals from the filtrate, go to:
Step three, crystallization.
Transfer filtrate solution to a dish or basin for evaporation.Transfer filtrate solution to a dish or basin for evaporation. Use a Bunsen burner to provide heat Pour the solution into a basin that will evaporate it, then warm it over a water bath.Turn off the heat when crystals begin to form.Let the water drain until only pure crystals are left.Dry crystals in a heated oven or on absorbent paper.Lastly, Precautions:
Wear eye protection, especially when heating, and use personal protective equipment such gloves and lab coats.Prevent breathing in extra gases while the process is underway.Learn more about magnesium chloride from
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Suppose that on a hot and sticky afternoon in the spring, a tornado passes over the high school. If the air pressure in the lab (volume of 180 m 3 ) was 1. 1 atm before the storm and 0. 85 atm during the storm, to what volume would the laboratory try to expand in order to make up for the large pressure difference outside? 1,800 m 3 230 m 3 7,100 m 3 190 m 3.
Option (b) 233m3 volume of gas would the laboratory try to expand in order to make up for the large pressure difference outside.
Boyle's Law states that the volume of a given mass of a gas is inversely proportional to pressure at constant temperature. V is inversely proportional to P. both V and P are constant.
V1 P1 = V2 P2
Where, p1=initial pressure
V1= initial volume
P2 =final pressure
V2= final volume
Here, p1 is 1.1atm p2 is 0.85 atm v1 is 180m3 .
Putting these values in the expression
1.1atm * 180m3 = 0.85atm *V2
V2= (1.1atm . 180m3) /0.85atm
= 233m3
Hence, 233m3 of gas is needed to expand in order to make up for the large pressure difference outside.
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the concentration of a solution expressed in moles of solute per 1 l of solution is called either the or the concentration, and is given the symbol m.
The concentration of a solution expressed in moles of solute per 1 l of the solution is called Molarity.
Concentration is the abundance of a constituent divided by way of the overall volume of an aggregate. several sorts of mathematical descriptions may be outstanding: mass concentration, molar concentration, variety concentration, and extent awareness.
The concentration of a substance is the quantity of solute found in a given amount of solution. Concentrations are normally expressed in terms of molarity, defined because of the variety of moles of solute in 1 L of answer.
The Concentration of a solution is a measure of the quantity of solute that has been dissolved in a given amount of solvent or answer. A concentrated answer is one that has a rather huge quantity of dissolved solute
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(These are not descriptions of any actual elements on our periodic table, but you should use reasoning that works with our periodic table.)
A scientist is testing three mystery elements. She is trying to figure out their placement on the periodic table. Here is what she knows about them:
Element X: Does not conduct electricity, reacts with hydrogen in a 1:2 ratio, has the highest atomic weight of the three elements
Element Y: Does not conduct electricity, reacts with hydrogen in 1:3 ratio, has the lowest atomic weight of the three elements
Element Z: Conducts electricity, reacts with hydrogen in a 1:3 ratio, has the mid-level atomic weight of the three elements
—------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
How should she arrange these three elements relative to each other on the periodic table?
You may want to draw your answer for clarity. Explain your reasoning for placement using words like left, right, above, and below.
In the periodic table, where atomic mass increases from left to right in period, therefore elements in increasing order of atomic mass will be element Y, element Z, element X.
What is periodic table?Periodic table is a tabular arrangement of elements in the form of a table. In the periodic table, elements are arranged according to the modern periodic law which states that the properties of elements are a periodic function of their atomic numbers.
It is called as periodic because properties repeat after regular intervals of atomic numbers . It is a tabular arrangement consisting of seven horizontal rows called periods and eighteen vertical columns called groups.
Elements present in the same group have same number of valence electrons and hence have similar properties while elements present in the same period show gradual variation in properties due to addition of one electron for each successive element in a period.
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Use the periodic table and your knowledge of isotopes to complete these statements.
When polonium-210 emits an alpha particle, the child isotope has an atomic mass of
.
I-131 undergoes beta-minus decay. The chemical symbol for the new element is
.
Fluorine-18 undergoes beta-plus decay. The child isotope has an atomic mass of
When polonium-210 emits an alpha particle, the child isotope has an atomic mass of 206.
I-131 undergoes beta-minus decay. The chemical symbol for the new element is ¹³¹₅₄Xe
Fluorine-18 undergoes beta-plus decay. The child isotope has an atomic mass of 18.
What are isotopes?Isotopes are atoms of the same element that have the same atomic mass number but different masses as a result of the difference in the number of neutrons in the element.
When polonium-210 emits an alpha particle, the equation is given below:
²¹⁰₈₄Po ---> ²⁰⁶₈₂Pb + ⁴₂He
When I-131 undergoes beta-minus decay, the equation is given below:
¹³¹₅₃I ---> ¹³¹₅₄Xe + ⁰₋₁β
When fluorine-18 undergoes beta-plus decay, the equation is given below:
¹⁸₉F ---> ¹⁸₈O + ⁰₁β
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What is the formula for water? Gsyrr9gr7d7f8
Answer: H2O
Explanation: Water is made from 2 hydrogen atoms and 1 oxygen atom bonded together.
Answer: H₂O
each molecule of water is made up of two hydrogen atoms, H, and a single oxygen atom, O.
Draw a line to connect the following terms to their definition
1 fossil fuel
2 material resource
3 natural resource
DEFINITIONS
A resource used to make objects,food, or drink
B any natural material used by people
C a nonrenewable resource formed by buried remains of plants and animals
Answer:
Fossil fuel C
Material resource A
Natural resource B
Hope this helps
Explanation:
Answer:
Fossil fuel-----a nonrenewable resource formed by buried remains of plants and animals
Material resource-----any natural material used by people
Natural resource-----resource used to make objects, food, or drink
Explanation:
Fossil fuels are widely known as a nonrenewable source of energy that can be found by garnering the buried remains of plants and animals deep in the ground.
Material resources are natural resources we extract from the earth that have value and practical use for humans.
Natural resources are resources we extract from nature and use in order to survive. Natural resources are things such as water, food, and trees (aka material for shelter.)
Large marble chips (calcium carbonate) were reacted with 1M hydrochloric acid at 24 C. The volume of carbon dioxide evolved was measured at regular intervals.
a) Describe one other way of measuring the course of this reaction which does not involve measuring the volume of carbon dioxide given off.
b) Describe how the following would affect the speed of this reaction, ( In each case, assume that all other factors are kept the same.)
i. using 0.05 M hydrochloric acid
ii. using smaller marble chips
iii. carrying out the reaction at 22 C.
a) The rate of reaction can be measured from the mass of the marble chips that disappear.
b)
i) The rate of reaction would decrease
ii) The rate of reaction would increase
iii) The rate of reaction would decrease
What is the rate of reaction?The term rate of reaction has to do with the speed with which reactants are converted into products. We know also that we can be able to define the rate of reaction as the rate at which the products do appear in a reaction. From our two definitions of the rate of reaction, we can see that we could look at the idea of the rate of reaction from two perspectives which are;
1) Change in the amount of recaatnts
2) Change in the amount of products
The both approaches can be measured by the use of different methods that can be used in the study of chemical reactions.
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for the sn1 reaction, draw the major organic product, identify the nucleophile, substrate, and leaving group, and determine the rate limiting step. c5h11i
From the given SN1 reaction (picture attached), the major organic product will be 3-ethylpentan-3-ol, the nucleophile, substrate, leaving group, and the rate-limiting step is identified in the attachment.
In the given reaction an alkyl halide 3-bromo-3-ethylpentane is used as a substrate. In the first step of the reaction, alkyl halide dissociates and a carbocation with a Bromide ion generates. The first step of the reaction mechanism is the slow and rate-determining step. In the first step, 3-bromo-3-ethylpentane is the substrate and bromide is the leaving group. In the second step, the water molecule acts as a nucleophile and attacks carbocation. In the final step, bromide removes hydrogen from the water molecule, and the product results.
The complete question and reaction mechanism are attached as a picture.
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What does ocean water contain that helps produce carbonate minerals from carbon dioxide
Answer:
Carbon dioxide (CO2) dissolves in the ocean and reacts with water to form carbonic acid—which in turn generates bicarbonate, carbonate, and hydrogen ions. Calcium and carbonate ions combine to form the solid calcium carbonate crystals in their shells and skeletons.
a 4.0 m solution of kno3 has a volume of 1.8 l. if the solution is diluted to 9.0 l, what is the new concentration?
A 4.0 m solution of kno3 has a volume of 1.8 l. if the solution is diluted to 9.0 l, then the new concentration is 0.8 m
The concentration of solution of the amount of solute that has been dissolved in a given amount of solvent or solution
Here given data is
C₁ = 4.0 m
V₁ = 1.8 l
C₂ = ?
V₂ = 9.0 l
So the formula is
C₁V₁ = C₂V₂
4.0 m×1.8 l = C₂× 9.0 l
C₂ = 7.2/9.0 l
C₂ = 0.8 m
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HELP
Balance the following skeleton equation and determine how many grams of water can be produced when 50.0 grams of Al(OH)3 react with 60.0 grams of H2SO4 .
Al(OH)3 + H2SO4 --> Al2(SO4)3 + H2O
Explanation:
2Al(OH)3 + 3H2SO4 --> Al2 (SO4)3 + 6H2O
When two oxygen atoms bond together in o2 what type of covalent bond do they form.
When two oxygen atoms bond together in O2, they form a non-polar covalent bond.
What are covalent bonds?
A covalent bond is a chemical bond that involves the sharing of electrons to form electron pairs between atoms. These electron pairs are mentioned as shared pairs or bonding pairs. once they share electrons, the stable balance of attractive and repulsive forces between atoms is known as a covalent bond When two oxygen atoms are bonded as O2, they form a non-polar covalent bond. When two non-metal atoms sharing of electrons, a covalent bond is created. The involved electrons are located in the atoms' outer shells. An atom's outer shell will be completed if it shares one or both of its electrons. Covalent bonds require a lot of energy to break because they are so strong.
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the mass of 4 atoms of c is less than the mass of 3 atoms of element d. which element has more atoms/gram?
The mass of 4 atoms of c is less than the mass of 3 atoms of element d then the c element has more atoms/gram
Mass is a measure of the amount of matter in a substance or an object
Here given data is
4 atom of c
3 atom of d
We have to calculate element has more atoms/gram = ?
So 4 atom of c < 3 atom of d
So the so c has larger molar mass so c ahs the more atom/gram
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If a reaction begins with a mixture of no2 and o2 at partial pressures of 1. 00 atm each, the reaction will be spontaneous until some n2o5 forms in the mixture. What is the maximum partial pressure of n2o5 that can build up before the reaction ceases to be spontaneous?.
The NO3 is zero atm (atmospheric pressure at sea level).
What is partial pressure?
The pressure that one gas in a gas mixture will exert if it fills the same volume by itself is referred to as partial pressure.
What is spontaneous?
A spontaneous process is one that takes place without the use of external energy. For instance, a ball will roll down an incline, water will flow downward, ice will melt into water, radioactive elements will decay, and iron will rust.
N2O(g)+NO2(g)⇌3NO(g)
dG = G products- G reactants
dG = 3*86.56696 - (104.1816 + 51.29584) = 104.22344 kJ/mol
since dG > 0, this must not favor produces, i.e. it is nonspontaneous
dG = -RT*ln(Kp)
Kp = exp(-dG/(RT))
Kp = exp(-104223.44/(8.314*298)) = 5.37818739*10^-19
Kp = NO^3 / (N2O)(NO2)
initially
NO= 0
N2O = 1
NO2 = 1
in equilibrium
NO= 0 + 3x
N2O = 1 - x
NO2 = 1 - x
substitute
5.378 *10^-19 = (3x)^3 / (1-x)(1-x)
(5.378 *10^-19)(1 -2x +x^2) = 27x^3
x = partially 0 atm
therefore
Almost no NO3 will be zero
Not possible, since
dG = dG º + RT*ln(Q)
therefore, even though we can decrease T, it will never be negative, meaning than this will be never spontaneous
Therefore, Almost no NO3 will be zero.
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if 17.4 kg of al2o3(s), 51.4 kg of naoh(l), and 51.4 kg of hf(g) react completely, how many kilograms of cryolite will be produced?
If 17.4 kg of al2o3(s), 51.4 kg of NaOH(l), and 51.4 kg of HF (g) react completely. 89.95 kg of cryolite will be produced.
What is cryolite?It is synthesized by fusion of sodium fluoride and aluminum fluoride as a electrolyte in the reduction of alumina to aluminum metal
Given data:
mass of Al = 17.4 kg = 17.4 × 10³
mass of NaOH = 51.4kg = 51.4 × 10³
mass of HF = 51.4kg = 51.4 × 10³
Molar mass of Al₂O₃ = 102 g/mol,
Molar mass of NaOH = 40g/mol
Molar mass of HF = 20g/mol
Reaction:
Al₂O₃ + 6 NaOH + 12 HF → 2 Na₂AlF₆ + 9H₂P
Moles of:
Al₂O₃ : 17.4 × 10³ / 102NaOH : 51.4 × 10³ / 240HF : 51.4 × 10³ / 240Mole/ stoichiometry of:
Al₂O₃ : 0.17 × 10³ / 1 = 0.17 × 10³
NaOH : 0.214 × 10³ / 6 = 0.035 × 10³
HF : 0.214× 10³ /12 = 0.017 × 10³
As the mole/ stoichiometric ratio is smallest for HF, it is the limiting reagent.
Molar mass of cryolite is 210gmol and HF is 20g/mol
12 mol of HF = 2 mol of Na₃AlF₆
240 g of HF = 420 g of Na₃AlF₆
51.4 × 10³g of HF = (51.4 × 10³ × 420) / 240
= 89.95 × 10³ g or 89.95 kg of Na₃AlF₆
Hence, 89.95 kg of cryolite is produced.
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