a certain hydrate has the formula mgso4 ∙ x h2o. a 54.2g sample of the compound is heated in an oven to drive off the water. if the steam generated exerts a pressure of 24.8atm in a 2.00l contained at 120.°c, calculate x.

The equilibrium constant is equal to 7.09 * 10⁻³ atm³.

The expression for the equilibrium constant (Kp) for this reaction will look like this:

Kp = (pNH₃)²pCO₂

pNH₃ - partial pressure of NH₃

pCO₂ - partial pressure of CO₂

Because ammonium carbamate is solid, its concentration and pressure cannot change (they are constant), so there is no need to include it in the expression. We know that all the gas present in the mixture is formed by the decomposition of ammonium carbamate. We also know that for every two moles of ammonia formed, 1 mole of carbon dioxide is also formed.

Because partial pressure is proportional to the molar ratio, we can establish  that:

pNH₃ = 2 * pCO₂

pNH₃ + pCO₂ = 0.363 atm

2 * pCO₂ + pCO₂ = 0.363 atm

3 * pCO₂ = 0.363 atm

pCO₂ = 0.363 atm / 3

pCO₂ = 0.121 atm

pNH₃ = 2 * 0.121 atm

pNH₃ = 0.242 atm

We can now plug these values into the expression for the equilibrium constant:

Kp = (0.242 atm)² * 0.121 atm = 7.09 * 10⁻³ atm³

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32.66℃ is found to be the final equilibrium temperature of the system.

The movement of energy from a higher temperature to a lower temperature is referred to as heat. The system (or combination of systems) is considered to be in thermal equilibrium when these temperatures stabilize and heat stops flowing, and this temperature is known as the equilibrium temperature.

The temperature of the water at which the total of all heat fluxes through the sea surface is zero is known as the equilibrium temperature.

Because the Keq is temperature sensitive, the value of the equilibrium temperature has altered in this scenario. That is why equilibria alter with temperature changes.

If the temperature is raised, the point of equilibrium will shift in such a way that the temperature will fall again. It will do this by promoting the process that absorbs heat.

Given:

Cprop, [tex]c_{pr}[/tex] = 2500 J/(kg⋅K)

Cchloroform, [tex]c_{ch}[/tex] = 1050 J/(kg⋅K)

To find:

Final equilibrium temperature, [tex]T_f[/tex] = ?

Formula:

Heat gained by chloroform = Heat lost by propylene glycol

[tex]m_{ch} c_{ch} ( T_f -T_{ch}) = m_{pr} c_{pr} (T_{pr} - T_f)[/tex]

Calculations:

[tex]T_f[/tex] – 21.4 / 36.4 – [tex]T_f[/tex] = [tex]m_{pr}c_{pr} / m_{ch} c_{ch}[/tex] = 9 x 2500 / 7.1 x 1050

[tex]T_f[/tex] – 21.4 / 36.4 – [tex]T_f[/tex] = 22500 / 7455

[tex]T_f[/tex] – 21.4 / 36.4 – [tex]T_f[/tex] = 3.01

[tex]T_f[/tex] – 21.4 = 3.01 x (36.4 – [tex]T_f[/tex])

[tex]T_f[/tex] – 21.4 = 109.564 – 3.01 [tex]T_f[/tex]

[tex]T_f[/tex] + 3.01 [tex]T_f[/tex] = 109.564 + 21.4

4.01 [tex]T_f[/tex] = 130.964

[tex]T_f[/tex] = 130.964 / 4.01

[tex]T_f[/tex] = 32.66℃

Result:

The final equilibrium temperature is found to be 32.66℃

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Electrons subatomic particles surrounding the nucleus of tungsten are responsible for the continuous spectrum observed.

These particles are commonly referred to as subatomic particles since they are the building blocks of atoms. There are protons, neutrons, and electrons, three types of subatomic particles. Protons and electrons, two of the subatomic particles, each have an electrical charge of one or the other.

Two crucial functions for subatomic particles in the construction of matter. They serve as both the universe's fundamental building blocks and the glue that connects them. Although the atoms that play these various jobs belong to two separate categories, they do have some things in common, most notably size.

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The equilibrium temperature will be 19.3 °C. We can calculate this using the specific heat capacities of all materials involved (copper, aluminum, and water).

We can calculate the equilibrium temperature by comparing the amount of heat (Q) released by the block of copper and the amount of heat absorbed by aluminum and water.

Q = (t₁ - t₂) * c * m

t₂ - starting temperature

t₁ - final temperature (X)

c - specific heat capacity (0.389 J/g°C for copper, 0.903 J/g°C, 4.186 J/g°C for water)

m - mass of the substance

Q(released) = (290 C - X) * 0.389 J/g°C * 229 g

Q(released) = 25833.49 J - 89.081 J/°C * X

Q(absorbed) = (X - 12.6 °C) * (0.903 J/g°C * 136 g + 4.186 J/g°C * 835 g)

Q(absorbed) = (X - 12.6 °C) * 3618.118 J/°C

Q(absorbed) = 3618.118 J/°C * X - 45588.2868 J

We know that the amount of heat released is equal to the amount of fear absorbed, so we will use that:

25833.49 J - 89.081 J/°C * X = 3618.118 J/°C * X - 45588.2868 J

71421.7768 J = 3707.199 J/°C * X

X = 71421.7768 J / 3707.199 J/°C

X = 19.3 °C

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The compound would have higher ionic character if the difference in electronegativity between the atoms is higher.

Electronegativity is a property that explains the tendency of an atom to attract more electrons from other compounds to itself which would result in bond formation. If the attraction or electronegativity is higher, it results in ionic bond between the atoms. This is called ionic character.

We can also say that the ionic character would be high if the covalent character is less in a compound.

Thus, higher electronegativity between shared electrons between atoms and less covalent character in a compound would help us identify the compounds with higher ionic character.

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K (Potassium) has the largest radius

Atomic radius – Distance between the nucleus of an atom to its outermost orbit.

In the periodic table, as we go down the group the atomic radius increases. This is because the energy level increases as we go down the group.

Na has 11 electrons. It would have 3 shells – 2,8,1

K has 19 electrons. It would have 4 shells – 2,8,8,1

Na⁺ and K⁺ are ions with the loss of electrons of the atom Na and K respectively.

Na⁺ and K⁺ would have lost one electron resulting in 2 and 3 shells respectively. Thus, they are smaller than Na and K respectively.

Na and K belongs to period 3 and 4 down the group. So, K in 4th period would have more energy levels compares to Na. Thus, K (Potassium) would have the largest atomic radius with 4 shells.

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A. The percentage error in the measurement of the density is about 12%.

The error in any measurement is the difference between the actual measurement of the substance and the estimated measurement of the substance.

The percentage error is obtained by dividing the error in the measurement by actual measurement and multiply the result by 100%.

The average density measurement = 6.5 g/mL

error = actual measurement - estimated measurement

error = 7.4 g/mL - 6.5 g/mL

error = 0.9 g/mL

percentage error = (0.9 / 7.4) x 100%

percentage error = 12.16 %

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Answer: A

Explanation:

Answer:

a) 1.58

Explanation:

= 0.681 M Need grams of NaF



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The pH of the hydrofluoric acid solution prior to adding sodium fluoride - = 1.606 and the amount of sodium fluoride should be added to prepare the buffer solution - 35.75g or 36 g.

a) Weak acid such as hydrofluoric acid is not entirely dissociate. The capacity of dissociation of the compound will be given by it's acid dissociation constant ka

HF <==> H+ + F-

I    1.0       0     0              

C   -x       +x    +x

E   1.0-x     x     x

I = initial conc.   C = Change in conc.    E = Conc. at equilibrium

Ka =          (Ka for HF is 6.3 x 10-4 constant)

= 6.3 x 10-4 =

= 6.3 x 10-4 (1.0- x ) =

Solve for x using quadratic equation method. Neglecting negative value as concentration is always positive value

x = -0.0254 and x = 0.0248 = [H+]  

pH = - log []  

pH = - log 0.0248

= 1.606 ( pH of HF before adding NaF)

b) Given:

pH = 3.00

[HF] = 1.00 M

[F-] - ?

Solution:

a buffer follows the Henderson-Hasselbach equation:

pH = pKa + log

3.00 = 3.167 + log

log      = -0.167  

[] = (0.681) ([HF])

= (0.681) (1.00)

= 0.681 M

NaF --> + [NaF]

= 0.681 M Need grams of NaF

The amount of would be =

=

= 35.75g NaF

Thus,  the pH of the hydrofluoric acid solution prior to adding sodium fluoride - = 1.606 and the amount of sodium fluoride should be added to prepare the buffer solution - 35.75g or 36 g.

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It is not a good idea to separate a mixture of 2-butanone and 2- propanol by fractional distalltion. However, they should be seaparted by extractive distillation.

Fractional distillation is a separation technique in which two immiscible liquids are separated by means of distillation based on differences in their boiling points.

The liquid with the lowest boiling point distills over first, before the one with the higher boiling poinr.

However, to separate two miscible liquids by fractional distillation, their boiling points must be far apart.

The boiling point of 2-butanone is 79.64 °C

The boiling point of  2- propanol is 82.5 °C

Therefore, they can not be separated by fractional distillation.

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Avogadro's Number:

Avogadro's number, which is equal to 6.02214076 x [tex]10^{23}[/tex] , is the quantity of units in one mole of any material. Hence, 1 mole of calcium phosphate,[tex]Ca_{3} (PO_{4}) _{2}[/tex]   will contain 6.02214076 x [tex]10^{23}[/tex]   atoms.

The molar mass of calcium phosphate is 310.18 g/mol,

Then, number of moles in 24.83g of calcium phosphate = [tex]\frac{mass}{molar mass}[/tex]

                                                                                              = [tex]\frac{24.83}{310.18}[/tex]

                                                                                               = 0.08 mole

Then, 0.08 mole of [tex]Ca_{3} (PO_{4}) _{2}[/tex]   will contain,

= 0.08 moles x 6.02214076 x [tex]10^{23}[/tex]   atoms

=  0.4818 x [tex]10^{23}[/tex]   atoms = 4.818 x  [tex]10^{22}[/tex] atoms.

Hence, 0.08 mole of calcium phosphate will contain 4.818 x  [tex]10^{22}[/tex] atoms.

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Answer:

c

Explanation:

Answer:

C

Explanation:

1.29 milliliters of 3.00 m [tex]H_{2}[/tex] [tex]SO_{4}[/tex] (Sulfuric acid) are required to react with 4.35 g of a solid mixture containing 23.2 % (w/w) [tex]Ba(NO_{3)2[/tex]

Equation of the reaction:

[tex]H_2[/tex]S[tex]O_{4}[/tex](aq) + Ba(N[tex]O_{3}[/tex][tex])_{2}[/tex](aq) --> BaS[tex]O_{4}[/tex] + 2HN[tex]O_{3}[/tex](aq)

Mass of [tex]Ba(NO_{3)3[/tex] = wt% * mass of the solid

= 23.2 x 4.35 / 100

= 1.01 g

Number of moles of [tex]Ba(NO_{3)2[/tex] = Mass / Molar Mass

Molar mass of [tex]Ba(NO_{3})2[/tex] = 137 + (14 + (16 * 3))*2

= 261 g/mol

= 1.01 / 261

= 0.00387

Since the chemical reaction occurs between one mole of Ba(NO3)2 and one mole of [tex]H_{2[/tex] [tex]SO_{4}[/tex]. Therefore, number of moles of [tex]H_{2}[/tex] [tex]SO_{4}[/tex] = 0.00387 moles. The formula is

Volume = number of moles/molar concentration

= 0.00387/3

= 0.00129 L

V2 = 1.29 mL

Hence, 1.29 milliliters of 3.00 m [tex]H_{2}[/tex] [tex]SO_{4}[/tex] (Sulfuric acid) are required to react with 4.35 g of a solid mixture containing 23.2 % (w/w) Ba(NO3)2.

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The complete question is:

How many milliliters of 3.00 m H2SO4 are required to react with 4.35 g of a solid mixture containing 23.2 % (w:w) Ba(NO3)2? (i.e. in the original sample, there are 23.2 g of barium nitrate per 100 g of total sample).

Answer:

The density is 33.4

Explanation:

mark as brianlest

Answer

The grams of calcium produced will be 44.44 grams

Explanation

The equation for the reaction is:

3CaCl₂ + 2Al → 2AlCl₃ + 3Ca

From the equation; 2 mol Al = 3 mol Ca

1 mole of Al = 27 g/mol

1 mole of Ca = 40 g/mol

Therefore, the mass of Ca produced when 20 g of Al react is:

Thus, the grams of calcium produced will be 44.44 grams

Percent recovery in the first crop is 70%

Total percent recovery is 80%

Percent recovery is defined as amount recovered divided by the total possible amount recovered

First part:

Amount recovered=7g

Total amount recoverable=10g

Percent recovery=7/10=.7=70%

Percent recovery in the first crop is 70%

Second part:

Amount recovered=(7+1)g=8g

Total amount Recoverable=10g

Percent recovery=8/10=.8=80%

Total percent recovery is 80%

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A polar covalent bond will exist in HBr if the electronegativity of hydrogen is 2. 20 and the electronegativity of bromine is 2.96

In HBr, a covalent bond is present which is formed as a result of a small electronegativity difference between the two atoms.

It is also formed when two atoms share electrons mutually to form a bond.

For example, in the HBr case, both Bromine and hydrogen share their pair of electrons and form a covalent bond.

In general, a covalent bond forms between atoms when the forces of attraction and repulsion are balanced and in a stable condition.

In covalent bonding, shared pair of electrons is called bonding pair.

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The optical activity of the given enantiomer pairs is inactive, active, inactive, active, active, and inactive respectively.

Enantiomers have similar physical and chemical characteristics, making it difficult to identify and separate them. A chiral compound's right- and left-handed enantiomers cause different perturbations in plane-polarized light. It has been called optical activity and is specific to chiral compounds.

Optically active substances rotate the plane of polarized light. A stereoisomeric pair has two identical but sign-opposite enantiomers, each of which is optically active. Because they are scientifically established constants that describe and distinguish pure enantiomers, specific rotations are helpful.

a) 50% r enantiomer and 50% s enantiomer – Optically inactive because the plane-polarized light is moved in an equal but opposing direction by both the r and s enantiomers.

b) A pair of diastereomers – Optically active because these compounds have the same molecular formula but also have non-superimposable non-mirror images.

c) A meso compound – Optically inactive as they do not have enantiomers, because the mirror image of a meso compound is itself.

d) 40% r enantiomer and 60% s enantiomer – Optically active since the s enantiomer is in excess (60 – 40 = 20%).

e) Just the r enantiomer – Optically active because of the light's plane of polarization rotating.

f) A racemic mixture – Optically inactive because each component's rotatory impact completely balances out the other.

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Answer:

19.5°C (nearest tenth)

Explanation:

When a gas is trapped inside a container whose volume cannot change, the pressure is directly proportional to the Kelvin temperature.

Gay Lussac's Law

[tex]\sf \dfrac{P_1}{T_1}=\dfrac{P_2}{T_2}[/tex]

where:

Temperature must be in kelvins (K).

To convert Celsius to kelvins, add 273.15.

Given values:

Substitute the given values into the equation and solve for T₁:

[tex]\implies \sf \dfrac{P_1}{T_1}=\dfrac{P_2}{T_2}[/tex]

[tex]\implies \sf \dfrac{4.882}{T_1}=\dfrac{4.690}{281.15}[/tex]

[tex]\sf \implies \sf T_1=\dfrac{4.882 \cdot 281.15}{4.690}[/tex]

[tex]\sf \implies \sf T_1=\dfrac{1372.5743}{4.690}[/tex]

[tex]\sf \implies T_1=292.6597655...\:K[/tex]

To convert kelvins to Celsius, subtract 273.15:

[tex]\sf \implies T_1=292.6597655...-273.15=19.5097...^{\circ}C[/tex]

[tex]\sf \implies T_1=19.5^{\circ}C\;(nearest\;tenth)[/tex]

Therefore, the temperature of the previous day was 19.5°C (nearest tenth).

The  balanced chemical equation for the formation of sodium fluoride, NaF is given below:

2 Na (s) + F₂ (g) ----> 2 NaF (s)

The formation of sodium fluoride, NaF is an example of a synthesis reaction.

In a synthesis reaction, two or more elements or compounds react together to form a single compound.

The formation of sodium fluoride is given in the chemical equation below:

2 Na (s) + F₂ (g) ----> 2 NaF (s)

The reaction is a highly exothermic reaction. The compound formed, NaF is an ionic compound.

During the reaction, two moles of sodium atoms lose an electron each to fluorine gas atom which readily accepts the electrons to fluoride ions.

electrostatic forces of attraction between the oppositely-charges ions keep the compound in a crystal lattice form.

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The value of van't Hoff factor for the electrolyte is i =  0.28

Molarity of solution = 5.61 m

The temperature which depresses the freezing point of water = 2.93 °C

The freezing point depression constant, kfp, for water  = 1.86 °C kg[tex]mol^{-1}[/tex]

To find the van't Hoff factor, let's use the following formula.

ΔTf = kf × molality × i

Here ΔTf  = depression fo freezing point

kf = freezing point depression constant

i = Van't Hoff's factor

Now substitute the values in the above formula.

2.93  =  1.86 x 5.61 x i

i = 2.93 / 1.86 x 5.61

i = 2.93 / 1.043  = 0.28

Hence, the value of van't Hoff factor is 0.28

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The complete question is:

A 05.61 m solution of unknown electrolyte depresses the freezing point of water by 2.93 °C. What is van't Hoff factor for this electrolyte? The freezing point depression constant (Kf) for water is 1.86 °C kg[tex]mol^{-1}[/tex].

Answer:

The element was discovered on Earth in 1817 by Johan August Arfvedson (1792-1841) in Stockholm when he investigated petalite, one of the first lithium minerals to be discovered. (It was observed to give an intense crimson flame when sprinkled on to a fire.)

Minimum qualifications of Astronomer 4 year degree to get a postgraduate qualification like a master of physics.

2 or 3 A levels, or similar, in math and physics; 5 GCSEs at grades 9 to 4 (A* to C), or equivalent; and a degree in a field that is useful for postgraduate study.

Math and physics expertise, analytical thinking abilities, science knowledge, great verbal communication skills, the capacity to take initiative, and the capacity to think coherently utilizing logic and reasoning are all desirable. To be extremely knowledgeable about computer applications and systems.

A scientist who concentrates their research on a particular issue or area outside the purview of Earth is called an astronomer in the science of astronomy. In either observational or theoretical astronomy, they observe celestial bodies like stars, planets, moons, comets, and galaxies.

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The total volume of gas present at the end of the experiment in cm³ was 600. Option C.

In this chemical reaction, 2 molecules of ammonia NH3 are decomposed or decomposed into 1 molecule of nitrogen N2 and 3 molecules of hydrogen H2. Laboratory glass tubing is used in many laboratories and industrial workplaces to connect other glassware and equipment and to transport or dispense chemicals, solvents, liquids, gases, and other products.

Laboratory glass tubes are typically manufactured from borosilicate glass for the most demanding applications. Ammonia gas which has a lower molecular weight than hydrogen chloride diffuses faster and travels a longer distance in the tube. As a result, a white ring of ammonium chloride forms much closer to the hydrochloric acid end of the tube.

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Hydrogen bond is a type of intermolecular force, a strong bond that is formed due to a dipole-dipole attraction, and it will occur when Hydrogen atom bonds with strongly electronegative atoms, like F, O or N. According to this explanation, let's analyze the options:

A) Hydrogen bond will not occur between two hydrogen atoms, because there is no dipole being formed between them

B) It is not a covalent bond, since it is an interaction between molecules and not atoms, and another reason is that H bonds are strong in terms of dipoles, and covalent bondings will not have that electronegative difference

C) Water is a polar molecule, and that would be a reason for why we have hydrogen bonds

D) Since hydrogen bonds are based on a strong difference in electronegativity, it is considered to be a strong interaction

E) As I wrote in the explanation, yes this interaction between H and O will represent a hydrogen bond

F) Yes! When we talk about hydrogen bonds, we are talking about interaction between molecules and not atoms

Correct:

C

E

F

A separation method known as chemical extraction depends on the difference between an element's solubility in an organic solvent and an aqueous solution.

Organic solvents are chemicals with a carbon structure that can dissolve or disperse one or more other compounds. Organic solvents have the potential to be neurotoxins, genital poisons, and carcinogens. The organic solvents benzene, carbon tetrachloride, and trichloroethylene are carcinogenic. The boiling point of organic solvents is low – Organic solvents are known to have very low boiling points.

Vegetable oil is analysed and weighed for use as an organic solvent for wastewater treatment in liquid membrane systems.e vegetable oil as a more sustainable organic solvent is highlighted.

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Answer:

They share an outer electron.

Explanation:

For complementary reasons, sodium and chlorine are both highly reactive. Sodium has a single electron in its outermost, third shell, and chlorine has one electron less than eight in its outermost, fourth shell. They form a strongly bound molecule by sharing that outer electron.